Search

It is a continued open question how there can be an azimuthal anisotropy of high $p_\perp$ particles quantified by a sizable $v_2$ in p+Pb collisions when, at the same time, the nuclear modification factor $R_\text{AA}$ is consistent with unity. We address this puzzle within the framework of the jet quenching model \textsc{Jewel}. In the absence of reliable medium models for small collision systems we use the number of scatterings per parton times the squared Debye mass to characterise the strength of medium modifications. Working with a simple brick medium model we show that, for small systems and not too strong modifications, $R_\text{AA}$ and $v_2$ approximately scale with this quantity. We find that a comparatively large number of scatterings is needed to generate measurable jet quenching. Our results indicate that the $R_\text{AA}$ corresponding to the observed $v_2$ could fall within the experimental uncertainty. Thus, while there is currently no contradiction with the measurements, our results indicate that $v_2$ and $R_\text{AA}$ go hand-in-hand. We also discuss departures from scaling, in particular, due to sizable inelastic energy loss., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

In collisions between heavy nuclei, such as those at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, hydrodynamic models have successfully related measured azimuthal momentum anisotropies to the transverse shape of the collision region. For an elliptically shaped interaction area, the hydrodynamic pressure gradient is greater along the minor axis, resulting in increased particle momentum in that direction - a phenomenon known as positive elliptic flow. In this paper, we demonstrate that in smaller systems, such as proton-proton and peripheral ion-ion collisions, microscopic models for final state interactions, can produce anisotropies where the elliptic flow is negative - that is, the momentum is largest along the major axis, contrary to hydrodynamic predictions. We present results from two distinct microscopic models: one based on repulsion between string-like fields and another based on effective kinetic theory. Negative elliptic flow is a solid prediction of the string interaction model while in the model based on kinetic theory it is linked to a finite interaction range. Consequently, an experimental determination of the sign of elliptic flow, will provide novel insights into the degrees of freedom governing strong nuclear interactions in high-energy collisions and the way in which they interact., Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures

We perform the first systematic study of the effects of multi-parton interactions (MPI's) in the context of jet quenching in heavy-ion collisions with the jet quenching model JEWEL. We use the simple MPI model of PYTHIA 6, on which JEWEL is based. We find negligible effects on all observables except jet-hadron and Z-hadron correlations, which show a moderate enhancement at large distances. More detailed analysis at parton level reveals that, in heavy-ion collisions, the MPI contribution to jets is suppressed by quenching effects., Comment: 9 pages, 18 figures

In this manuscript, we illustrate how to use the newly proposed $\tau$ re-clustering algorithm to select jets with different degrees of quenching without biasing their initial transverse momentum spectrum. Our study is based on Z+jet simulated events using the JEWEL Monte Carlo event generator to account for jet quenching effects. We apply the $\tau$ re-clustering algorithm to extract a proxy for a time axis (formation time) within the evolving medium. This information allows us to label jets according to their fragmentation pattern and select populations with enhanced sensitivity to quenching effects. Our results illustrate the potential of jets as precision tools for QGP tomography. Further, we show that the discussed method minimizes the biases stemming from $p_{T}$-, $dR$- or mass-based jet selection., Comment: 13 pages. Added references and further discussion of method and results. Figure 15 corrected. Results unchanged

Understanding how momentum anisotropies arise in small collision systems is important for a quantitative understanding of collectivity in terms of QCD dynamics in small and large collision systems. In this letter we present results for small collision systems from the newly developed parton cascade \textsc{Alpaca}, which faithfully encodes the AMY effective kinetic theory. \textsc{Alpaca} reproduces quantitatively previously know results from a calculation in the single-hit approximation for small values of the coupling. We discuss in detail how such a comparison is to be carried out. Particularly at larger coupling a generic differences between the two approaches becomes apparent, namely that in parton cascades particles interact over a finite distance while in direct integrations of the Boltzmann equation the interactions are local. This leads to quantitative differences in the extracted values for the elliptic flow coefficient. These discrepancies appear in situations where the mean free path is not large compared to the interaction time and the applicability of kinetic theory is thus questionable., Comment: expanded discussion, version accepted for publication

We look at thermalization and isotropization processes in the newly introduced AMY QCD kinetic theory parton cascade ALPACA. For thermalization, we consider the case of overoccupied initial conditions, and study the time evolution of the distribution as it relaxes to thermal equilibrium. We find that the system thermalizes as expected compared to known analytical results. For anisotropic systems, we take a first look at the qualitative behaviour of isotropization for Color Glass Condensate-like initial conditions in a homogeneous box with periodic boundary conditions.

We introduce ALPACA, a Lorentz invariant parton cascade encoding the AMY effective kinetic theory of QCD at high temperatures. It solves the Boltzmann equation by explicitly simulating the evolution of parton ensembles corresponding to single events. We discuss how the effective masses and temperature entering the elastic collision and splitting/merging rates can be estimated from just a single event. We perform an extensive validation of the framework by showing that it reproduces the expected behaviour in thermal equilibrium., Comment: Minor update. 41 pages, 18 figures

Jet quenching in heavy ion collisions and in particular the sub-structure of quenched jets are promising tools for investigating the microscopic processes underlying jet quenching and the background medium's response to energy and momentum depositions. A quantitative understanding of the data can, however, be complicated by the presence of initial state radiation in reconstructed jets. Using an extended version of JEWEL the effect of initial state radiation on different jet observables is studied in proton-proton and heavy ion collisions. It is shown that, depending on the observable and the jet radius, the initial state contributions can be sizable. Some general insights into when sizable effects can be expected also emerges., Comment: 8 pages, 16 figures, v2: slightly extended discussion and two new figures

Interactions of hard partons in the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) created with relativistic heavy ion collisions lead to characteristic modifications of the internal structure of reconstructed jets. A large part of the observed jet sub-structure modifications stem from the QGP's response to energy and momentum deposited by hard partons. Good control over medium response in theoretical calculations is thus instrumental to a quantitative understanding of medium modified (quenched) jets in heavy ion collisions. We present an improved way of handling the medium response in the jet quenching model JEWEL and present results for a variety of jet sub-structure observables. The new recoil handling is more versatile and robust than the old scheme, giving a better control over many observables and, in particular, greatly improves the description of the jet mass., Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures

High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC experiments. The proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF), to be located several hundred meters from the ATLAS interaction point and shielded by concrete and rock, will host a suite of experiments to probe Standard Model (SM) processes and search for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). In this report, we review the status of the civil engineering plans and the experiments to explore the diverse physics signals that can be uniquely probed in the forward region. FPF experiments will be sensitive to a broad range of BSM physics through searches for new particle scattering or decay signatures and deviations from SM expectations in high statistics analyses with TeV neutrinos in this low-background environment. High statistics neutrino detection will also provide valuable data for fundamental topics in perturbative and non-perturbative QCD and in weak interactions. Experiments at the FPF will enable synergies between forward particle production at the LHC and astroparticle physics to be exploited. We report here on these physics topics, on infrastructure, detector, and simulation studies, and on future directions to realize the FPF's physics potential., Comment: 429 pages, contribution to Snowmass 2021

The physics program of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) has brought a unique insight into the hot and dense QCD matter created in such collisions, the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Jet quenching, a collection of medium-induced modifications of the jets' internal structure that occur through their development in dense QCD matter, has a unique potential to assess the time structure of the produced medium. In this work, we perform an exploratory study to identify jet reclustering tools that can potentiate future QGP tomographic measurements with jets at current energies. Our results show that by using the inverse of formation time to obtain the jet clustering history, one can identify more accurately the time structure of QCD emissions inside jets, even in the presence of jet quenching., Comment: 13 pages. Figures 3 and 12 changed to log base 10. Minor corrections. Accepted by EPJC

Studies of fully-reconstructed jets in heavy-ion collisions aim at extracting thermodynamical and transport properties of hot and dense QCD matter. Recently, a plethora of new jet substructure observables have been theoretically and experimentally developed that provide novel precise insights on the modifications of the parton radiation pattern induced by a QCD medium. This report, summarizing the main lines of discussion at the 5th Heavy Ion Jet Workshop and CERN TH institute "Novel tools and observables for jet physics in heavy-ion collisions" in 2017, presents a first attempt at outlining a strategy for isolating and identifying the relevant physical processes that are responsible for the observed medium-induced jet modifications. These studies combine theory insights, based on the Lund parton splitting map, with sophisticated jet reconstruction techniques, including grooming and background subtraction algorithms., Comment: 25 pages, report from the CERN TH institute "Novel tools and observables for jet physics in heavy-ion collisions", version accepted for publication in J. Phys. G

Jet quenching in heavy ion collisions is expected to be accompanied by recoil effects, but unambiguous signals for the induced medium response have been difficult to identify so far. Here, we argue that modern jet substructure measurements can improve this situation qualitatively since they are sensitive to the momentum distribution inside the jet. We show that the groomed subjet shared momentum fraction $z_g$, and the girth of leading and subleading subjets signal recoil effects with dependencies that are absent in a recoilless baseline. We find that recoil effects can explain most of the medium modifications to the $z_g$ distribution observed in data. Furthermore, for jets passing the Soft Drop Condition, recoil effects induce in the differential distribution of subjet separation $\Delta R_{12}$ a characteristic increase with $\Delta R_{12}$, and they introduce a characteristic enhancement of the girth of the subleading subjet with decreasing $z_g$. We explain why these qualitatively novel features, that we establish in \textsc{Jewel+Pythia} simulations, reflect generic physical properties of recoil effects that should therefore be searched for as telltale signatures of jet-induced medium response., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

Realistic modeling of medium-jet interactions in heavy ion collisions is becoming increasingly important to successfully predict jet structure and shape observables. In JEWEL, all partons belonging to the parton showers initiated by hard scattered partons undergo collisions with thermal partons from the medium, leading to both elastic and radiative energy loss. The recoiling medium partons carry away energy and momentum from the jet. Since the thermal component of these recoils' momenta is part of the soft background activity, comparison with data requires the implementation of a subtraction procedure. We present two independent procedures through which background subtraction can be performed and discuss the impact of the medium recoil on jet shape observables. Keeping track of the medium response significantly improves the JEWEL description of jet shape measurements., Comment: 23 pages, 16 figures

\textsc{Jewel} is a fully dynamical event generator for jet evolution in a dense QCD medium, which has been validated for multiple jet and jet-like observables. Jet constituents (partons) undergo collisions with thermal partons from the medium, leading to both elastic and radiative energy loss. The recoiling medium scattering centers carry away energy and momentum from the jet. Keeping track of these recoils is essential for the description of intra-jet observables. Since the thermal component of the recoils is part of the soft background activity, comparison with data on jet observables requires the implementation of a background subtraction procedure. We will show two independent procedures through which background subtraction can be performed and discuss the impact of the medium recoil on jet shape observables and jet-background correlations. Keeping track of the medium recoil significantly improves the \textsc{Jewel} description of jet shape measurements., Comment: Proceedings for talk given at HP 2016 at Wuhan China

Processes in which a jet recoils against an electroweak boson complement studies of jet quenching in heavy ion collisions at the LHC. As the boson does not interact strongly it escapes the dense medium unmodified and thus provides a more direct access to the hard scattering kinematics than can be obtained in di-jet events. First measurements of jet modification in these processes are now available from the LHC experiments and will improve greatly with better statistics in the future. We present an extension of JEWEL to boson-jet processes. JEWEL is a dynamical framework for jet evolution in a dense background based on perturbative QCD, that is in agreement with a large variety of jet observables. We also obtain a good description of the CMS and ATLAS data for y+jet and Z+jet processes at 2.76 TeV and 5.02 TeV., Comment: 8 pages, v2: version to be published

The di-jet asymmetry --- the measure of the momentum imbalance in a di-jet system --- is a key jet quenching observable. Using the event generator \jewel we show that the di-jet asymmetry is dominated by fluctuations both in proton-proton and in heavy ion collisions. We discuss how in proton-proton collisions the asymmetry is generated through recoil and out-of-cone radiation. In heavy ion collisions two additional sources contribute to the asymmetry, namely energy loss fluctuations and differences in path length. The latter is shown to be a sub-leading effect. We discuss the implications of our results for the interpretation of this observable., Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures and 1 table. Added references, minor text clarifications

In hadronization models with color recombination, partons are allowed to regroup into color singlet structures that are different from those determined by the perturbative parton shower. This aims at modeling the possibility that soft interactions of partons with the underlying event can change color connections. If such an effect is at play in proton-proton collisions, it may be expected to be enhanced in proton-nucleus collisions due to the higher color charge density in the underlying event. Here, we provide a qualitative argument that color recombination effects could lead to a multiplicity dependent hardening of single inclusive hadron spectra that dies out very weakly with increasing transverse momentum. We present results of a (conservative) model implementation in the cluster hadronization model of the SHERPA event generator. In this model, we find that color recombination effects harden indeed the single inclusive hadron spectra without affecting the jet spectra, but that this effect does not depend significantly on underlying event activity. We explain this model feature and we argue why, in general, data on proton-nucleus collisions can help to constrain hadronization models used in proton-proton event generators., Comment: Proceedings of the 25th Quark Matter Conference, 4 pages, 4 figures

By combining the jet quenching Monte Carlo JEWEL with a realistic hydrodynamic model for the background we investigate the sensitivity of jet observables to details of the medium model and quantify the influence of the energy and momentum lost by jets on the background evolution. On the level of event averaged source terms the effects are small and are caused mainly by the momentum transfer., Comment: poceedings of the XXIV Quark Matter conference (2014)

Energy and momentum loss of jets in heavy ion collisions can affect the fluid dynamic evolution of the medium. We determine realistic event-by-event averages and correlation functions of the local energy-momentum transfer from hard particles to the soft sector using the jet-quenching Monte-Carlo code JEWEL combined with a hydrodynamic model for the background. The expectation values for source terms due to jets in a typical (minimum bias) event affect the fluid dynamic evolution mainly by their momentum transfer. This leads to a small increase in flow. The presence of hard jets in the event constitutes only a minor correction., Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures

In this publication the performance of the Monte Carlo event generator JEWEL in non-central heavy-ion collisions is investigated. JEWEL is a consistent perturbative framework for jet evolution in the presence of a dense medium. It yields a satisfactory description of a variety of jet observables in central collisions at the LHC, although so far with a simplistic model of the medium. Here, it is demonstrated that also jet measurements in non-central collisions, and in particular the dependence of the jet suppression on the angle relative to the reaction plane, are reproduced by the same model., Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures

In this publication the first official release of the JEWEL 2.0.0 code is presented. JEWEL is a Monte Carlo event generator simulating QCD jet evolution in heavy-ion collisions. It treats the interplay of QCD radiation and re-scattering in a medium with fully microscopic dynamics in a consistent perturbative framework with minimal assumptions. After a qualitative introduction into the physics of JEWEL detailed information about the practical aspects of using the code is given., Comment: 17 pages, 14 figures, v2: minor changes

We present a conceptually new framework for describing jet evolution in the dense medium produced in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions using perturbative QCD and its implementation into the Monte Carlo event generator JEWEL. The rescattering of hard partons in the medium is modelled by infrared continued pQCD matrix elements supplemented with parton showers. The latter approximate higher order real-emission matrix elements and thus generate medium-induced gluon emissions. The interplay between different emissions is governed by their formation times. The destructive interference between subsequent scattering processes, the non-Abelian version of the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect, is also taken into account. In this way the complete radiation pattern is consistently treated in a uniform way. Results obtained within this minimal and theoretically well constrained framework are compared with a variety of experimental data susceptible to jet-quenching effects at both RHIC and the LHC. Overall, a good agreement between data and simulation is found. This new framework also allows to identify and quantify the dominant uncertainties in the simulation, and we show some relevant examples for this., Comment: 32 pages, 19 figures, material from arXiv:1111.6838 included

In this contribution, we will give a brief overview of the progress that has been achieved in the field of combining matrix elements and parton showers. We exemplify this by focusing on the case of electron--positron collisions and by reporting on recent developments as accomplished within the Sherpa event generation framework., Comment: 6 figures, to appear in the proceedings of Linear Collider 2011 (Understanding QCD at linear colliders in searching for old and new physics), 12--16 September 2011, ECT*, Trento, Italy

It is widely accepted that a phenomenologically viable theory of jet quenching for heavy ion collisions requires the understanding of medium-induced parton energy loss beyond the limit of eikonal kinematics formulated by Baier-Dokshitzer-Mueller-Peigne-Schiff and Zakharov (BDMPS-Z). Here, we supplement a recently developed exact Monte Carlo implementation of the BDMPS-Z formalism with elementary physical requirements including exact energy-momentum conservation, a refined formulation of jet-medium interactions and a treatment of all parton branchings on the same footing. We document the changes induced by these physical requirements and we describe their kinematic origin., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

We present a new formulation of jet quenching in perturbative QCD beyond the eikonal approximation. Multiple scattering in the medium is modelled through infra-red-continued (2 -> 2) scattering matrix elements in QCD and the parton shower describing further emissions. The interplay between these processes is arranged in terms of a formation time constraint such that coherent emissions can be treated consistently. Emerging partons are hadronised by the Lund string model, tuned to describe LEP data in conjunction with the parton shower. Based on this picture we obtain a good description of the nuclear modification factor R_AA at RHIC and LHC., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, v2: extended fig. 3 to large pt + minor changes

A thorough understanding of jet quenching on the basis of multi-particle final states and jet observables requires new theoretical tools. This talk summarises the status and propects of the theoretical description of jet quenching in terms of Monte Carlo generators., Comment: proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus Nucleus Collisions (Quark Matter 2011)

Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are the standard tool for describing jet-like multi-particle final states. To apply them to the simulation of medium-modified jets in heavy ion collisions, a probabilistic implementation of medium-induced quantum interference effects is needed. Here, we analyze in detail how the quantum interference effects included in the BDMPS-Z formalism of medium-induced gluon radiation can be implemented in a quantitatively controlled, local probabilistic parton cascade. The resulting MC algorithm is formulated in terms of elastic and inelastic mean free paths, and it is by construction insensitive to the IR and UV divergences of the total elastic and inelastic cross sections that serve as its basic building blocks in the incoherent limit. Interference effects are implemented by reweighting gluon production histories as a function of the number of scattering centers that act within the gluon formation time. Unlike existing implementations based on gluon formation time, we find generic arguments for why a quantitative implementation of quantum interference cannot amount to a mere dead-time requirement for subsequent gluon production. We validate the proposed MC algorithm by comparing MC simulations with parametric dependencies and analytical results of the BDMPS-Z formalism. In particular, we show that the MC algorithm interpolates correctly between analytically known limiting cases for totally coherent and incoherent gluon production, and that it accounts quantitatively for the medium-induced gluon energy distribution and the resulting average parton energy loss. We also verify that the MC algorithm implements the transverse momentum broadening of the BDMPS-Z formalism. We finally discuss why the proposed MC algorithm provides a suitable starting point for going beyond the approximations of the BDMPS-Z formalism., Comment: 49 pages, 13 figures, v2: typos corrected

Jet quenching is one of the major discoveries of the heavy-ion program at RHIC. While there is a wealth of data from RHIC that will soon be supplemented with measurements at the LHC, on the theoretical side the situation is less clear. A thorough understanding of jet quenching is, however, beneficial, as it is expected that medium-induced modifications of jets allow one to characterise properties of the QCD matter produced in heavy ion collisions. This talk aims at summarising the main ideas and concepts of the currently available Monte Carlo models for jet quenching., Comment: to appear in the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions (Hard Probes 2010), October 10-15 2010, Eilat, Israel

Extending the use of Monte Carlo (MC) event generators to jets in nuclear collisions requires a probabilistic implementation of the non-abelian LPM effect. We demonstrate that a local, probabilistic MC implementation based on the concept of formation times can account fully for the LPM-effect. The main features of the analytically known eikonal and collinear approximation can be reproduced, but we show how going beyond this approximation can lead to qualitatively different results., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures - To appear in the conference proceedings for Quark Matter 2009, March 30 - April 4, Knoxville, Tennessee; v2: removed line numbers

The Monte Carlo model JEWEL 1.0 (Jet Evolution With Energy Loss) simulates parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium. In its current form medium interactions are modelled as elastic scattering based on perturbative matrix elements and a simple prescription for medium induced gluon radiation. The parton shower is interfaced with a hadronisation model. In the absence of medium effects JEWEL is shown to reproduce jet measurements at LEP. The collisional energy loss is consistent with analytic calculations, but with JEWEL we can go a step further and characterise also jet-induced modifications of the medium. Elastic and inelastic medium interactions are shown to lead to distinctive modifications of the jet fragmentation pattern, which should allow to experimentally distinguish between collisional and radiative energy loss mechanisms. In these proceedings the main JEWEL results are summarised and a Monte Carlo algorithm is outlined that allows to include the Landau-Pomerantschuk-Migdal effect in probabilistic frameworks., Comment: Contribution to the 4th international workshop High-pT physics at LHC 09, February 4-7, 2009, Prague, Czech Republic, submitted to PoS

The non-abelian Landau-Pomeranschuk-Migdal (LPM) effect arises from the quantum interference between spatially separated, inelastic radiation processes in matter. A consistent probabilistic implementation of this LPM effect is a prerequisite for extending the use of Monte Carlo (MC) event generators to the simulation of jet-like multi-particle final states in nuclear collisions. Here, we propose a local MC algorithm, which is based solely on relating the LPM effect to the probabilistic concept of formation time for virtual quanta. We demonstrate that this implementation of formation time physics alone accounts probabilistically for all analytically known features of the non-abelian LPM-effect, including the characteristic L^2-dependence of average parton energy loss and the characteristic $\sqrt{\omega}$-modification of the gluon energy distribution. Additional kinematic constraints are found to modify these L^2- and $\omega$-dependencies characteristically in accordance with analytical estimates., Comment: 4 pages, Revtex, 2 figures, v2: minor changes, accepted for publication in PRL

The JEWEL 1.0 Monte Carlo simulates jet evolution in a medium with a microscopic description of splitting and scattering processes. In the framework of this model we investigate the transverse momentum broadening due to medium effects in different scenarios. Depending on assumptions about hadronisation, we observe either a small increase or even a slight decrease of the mean transverse momentum, but no sizeable broadening. This appears to be a natural consequence of a model formulation which conserves energy and momentum microscopically at each splitting and at each scattering., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Contribution to the 20th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions: Quark Matter 2008 (QM2008), Jaipur, India, 4-10 Feb 2008, to be published in the Indian Journal of Physics

We have developed the Monte Carlo simulation program JEWEL 1.0 (Jet Evolution With Energy Loss), which interfaces a perturbative final state parton shower with medium effects occurring in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. This is done by comparing for each jet fragment the probability of further perturbative splitting with the density-dependent probability of scattering with the medium. A simple hadronisation mechanism is included. In the absence of medium effects, we validate JEWEL against a set of benchmark jet measurements. For elastic interactions with the medium, we characterise not only the medium-induced modification of the jet, but also the jet-induced modification of the medium. Our main physics result is the observation that collisional and radiative medium modifications lead to characteristic differences in the jet fragmentation pattern, which persist above a soft background cut. We argue that this should allow to disentangle collisional and radiative parton energy loss mechanisms by measuring the n-jet fraction or a class of jet shape observables., Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, v2: version accepted by EPJ C

A strong suppression of non-photonic electrons in Au+Au collisions is observed at RHIC. This is in disagreement with the expected dominance of the energy loss via gluon radiation, which predicts a much weaker suppression of heavy flavours due to the dead cone effect. However, collisional energy loss is also important, as demonstrated recently by the Soft Colour Interaction Jet Quenching model. Based on this model we show that collisional energy loss of charm quarks gives a suppression of electrons of the observed magnitude, but the contribution from beauty decays, which dominates at intermediate and large pT, results in a somewhat weaker overall suppression of electrons than observed., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, to be published in the poster proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (QM2006), Shanghai, China, November 14-20, 2006

We show that partons traversing a quark-gluon plasma can lose substantial amounts of energy also by scatterings, and not only through medium-induced radiation as mainly considered previously. Results from Monte Carlo simulations of soft interactions of partons, emerging from a hard scattering, through multiple elastic scatterings on gluons in an expanding relativistic plasma show a sizeable jet quenching which can account for a substantial part of the effect observed in RHIC data., Comment: accepted for publication in Physics Letters B

Starting from the observation that soft rescattering of hard scattered partons from the colour charged remnant plays an important role in proton-proton collisions a similar model for soft scatterings in a quark-gluon plasma was constructed and implemented as a Monte Carlo event generator. The main emphasis was put on the question to what extend these soft scatterings can contribute to the energy loss that an energetic parton suffers, when it traverses a quark-gluon plasma. It was found that the soft scattering can account for up to 50% of the observed energy loss. Furthermore, it was investigated what information present data reveal about the general features of partonic energy loss. This study was carried out with a Monte Carlo model that includes the full simulation of the quark-gluon plasma but uses a more general ansatz for the energy loss which makes it possible to emulate different scenarios like coherent gluon bremsstrahlung, scattering etc. Unfortunately, it turned out that it is difficult to differentiate between them so that at present no clear decision in favour of one or the other is possible., Comment: diploma thesis