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In the title molecule, C20H18ClN3O2, the 2-chlorophenyl group is disordered to a small extent [occupancies 0.875 (2)/0.125 (2)]. The phenylacetamide moiety is nearly planar due to a weak, intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, N—H...O hydrogen bonds and π-stacking interactions between pyridazine and phenyl rings form helical chains of molecules in the b-axis direction, which are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...π(ring) interactions. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed, which showed that H...H, C...H/H...C and O...H/H...O interactions to dominate the intermolecular contacts in the crystal.

Objective: Canine retraction after first premolar extraction is a prevalent orthodontic procedure. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficiency of NiTi coil springs and elastomeric chains for canine retraction and assess the side effects of each technique.Methods: Two reviewers conducted an electronic search of online databases (Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science) and a manual search up to May 8th, 2024, without language restrictions. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. The same reviewers assessed the quality of the studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials. Due to the heterogeneity of data, conducting a meta-analysis was not feasible.Results: Initially, 2400 records were identified. After evaluating the titles and abstracts, the full texts of 40 studies were reviewed. Eleven RCTs complied with the study selection criteria and were included in the review. The results indicated a faster space closure rate exhibited by NiTi coil springs compared to elastomeric chains. The rate of anchorage loss varied depending on the anchorage devices used. More tipping and rotation were observed with NiTi coil springs. There was no statistical difference between the two groups regarding root resorption, pain intensity, and plaque control.Conclusions: The results indicated a slightly faster space closure rate with NiTi coil springs compared to elastomeric chains but at the cost of greater tipping and rotation. No significant differences were observed between the NiTi closed coil spring and elastomeric chain force delivery systems in the other evaluated parameters.

Abstract: Among the terms which describes the Sufi individual in Islamic Sufism, the term "Perfect Human". It is one of the most significant concepts theorized and expressed about the essence of Sufism produced by Sufi mysticism. This term has been studied from various perspectives, including mystical (Sufi) and rational (legal), and across different scientific fields. This article attempts to approach it from a semantic and semiotic angle to understand its communicative dimensions. The study relies on the idea that the Sufi experience is an ascending spiritual communicative experience aimed at reaching God. In this vein, the researcher divided this study into an introduction that outlines the trajectory of the term "the Perfect Human" in Islamic Sufism, the purpose of the study, and its methodology approach utilized to conduct the study. Besides, she provided Sufi definitions of the terms Sufism, Sufi, and the Perfect Humanan, interpreting their communicative dimensions through a semantic reading of these terms. Finally, the conclusion includes the results of this study, revealing the characteristics of the spiritual communication of the Perfect Human in Islamic Sufism. Keywords: Sufism, Sufi, the Perfect Human, dimensions of communication

Introduction Our study aimed to evaluate the integration level of non-pharmacological mana­gement (NPM) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), analyze attitudes, practices, and perceived barriers towards NPM implementation, and identify factors contributing to the underutilization of non- pharmacological treatment in RA. Material and methods A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among rheumatologists in Morocco. Rheumatologists received an online questionnaire gathering sociodemographic data, NPM integration level for RA, exploring their attitudes, practices and perceived barriers regarding the integration of NPM for RA, using a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. Univariate analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for under-integration of NPM for RA. Results Out of 440 questionnaires sent, 132 rheumatologists responded to the survey (mean age of 44 ±12 years, 112 (84.8%) females, median professional experience of 15 years [4.7; 26.3]) with a response rate of 30%. All rheumatologists agreed on the importance of NPM integration into their practice with 130 (98.5%) supporting the necessity of tailored recommendations of NPM of RA for the Moroccan context. Sixty-nine (52.3%) reported a lack of NPM integration for RA. Only 36 (27.3%) consistently provided personalized NPM from RA diagnosis and 47 (35.6%) involved patients in decision-making. Comment perceived barriers included difficulties in organizing multidisciplinary care (122; 92.4%), difficulties with time management in consultation (119; 90.2%), and lack of multi­disciplinary team members (116; 87.9%). In univariate analysis, lack of suitable training and lack of knowledge on NPM of RA were risk factors of under-integration of NPM of RA with respectively an odds ratio (OR) of 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01–0.86 and OR of 0.34, 95% CI: 0.15–0.76. Conclusions Our study revealed significant insufficiencies in the integration of NPM of RA among Moroccan rheumatologists. Perceived barriers, including insufficient training, lack of knowledge, and infrastructural limitations, hinder effective implementation. Addressing these through tailored education and multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for improving RA management.

Summary: Background: COVID-19, caused by a novel coronavirus, poses higher mortality risks for elderly individuals with chronic conditions. Adopting healthy diets is crucial for bolstering immune systems and combating COVID-19. Objective: This study aims to assess the dietary habits of elderly COVID-19 patients during their infection. Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted in Hammam Sousse (a coastal town in the Sahel region of Tunisia) on 199 recovered elderly patients with COVID-19 (92 male and 107 female). Data were collected using a questionnaire. Results: This pilot study, conducted in Hammam Sousse, Tunisia, surveyed 199 elderly COVID-19 patients. Sampling utilized a convenience method, with inclusion criteria of age over 60 and a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Data collection employed a structured questionnaire. Most patients (84%) managed their infection at home, with 16% requiring brief hospitalization. Dietary assessments revealed increased consumption of vegetables and fruits, along with widespread use of verbena (49.74%) as a medicinal plant. Additionally, almost all patients supplemented with vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc, with statistically significant results (P-value < 0.05), highlighting their potential role in managing COVID-19 in elderly populations. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the diets of the surveyed COVID-19 patients were generally healthy, contributing to stable health outcomes without complications. Maintaining a balanced diet rich in protein, dietary fiber, and micronutrients is crucial in the fight against COVID-19.

Teaching physical science has been challenging for educators for quite some time, and with the COVID-19 pandemic, the situation has even worsened which made the adoption of blended learning in the different cycles of education only a matter of time. This paradigm requires nevertheless a certain command when it comes to using some specific tools dedicated to the simulation of some physical science knowledge laboratories. The objective of this research is to study the effect of integrating the "Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis" simulator tool in a blended learning environment on the conceptual learning of electricity. To achieve this goal, we adopted a quantitative methodology to assess the outcome of the experience which involved 40 pupils. The experimental group teacher used blended learning and integrated the simulation to teach the electricity module. The same teacher adopted traditional teaching with the control group (40 pupils). The instrument used is a test instrument in the form of a quiz which consists of 20 questions. All questions were in the form of multiple-choice questions to facilitate a more efficient analysis. The results of this research report the positive effects of integrating simulation into a blended learning environment with a statistically significant difference. Moreover, the experiment shows that 90 per cent of the pupils in the experimental group passed the test, as opposed to 75 per cent of the control group.

Aims: Aggressive periodontitis evolves rapidly to severe periodontal destruction, which involves a multidisciplinary treatment for handling the periodontal infection, reconstructing defects, and realigning migrated teeth. Orthodontic treatment improves all aspects of periodontal health including aesthetics, teeth function, and oral hygiene, therefore preventing degeneration. This systematic review intends to focus on the effect of orthodontic treatment on the evolution of aggressive periodontitis. The clinical parameters are pocket depth, decrease in inflammation, attachment gain, index of dental plaque, and bone gain. Materials and methods: This research is based on the analysis of four bibliographic databases which include PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library. Several search equations are used and the keywords are orthodontic treatment, aggressive periodontitis, migrated teeth, and combination treatment. Pertinent studies with a comparison of periodontal conditions before and after orthodontic treatment are selected. Several analytic parameters are used and tabulated. Results: Two hundred and seventy-one (271) studies were found and only four (04) were selected due to inclusion criteria. The analysis shows significant improvement in all clinical parameters. Conclusions: Although clinical parameters were improved after an orthodontic treatment, the results are irrelevant because of the insufficient studies with arguable statistical findings.

Green composites consisting of renewable or biodegradable materials are becoming more popular as environmental awareness of global waste issues grows. Among them, natural composites made of polymers have proven to work exceptionally well because of their high strength, rapid breakdown after disposal, and simplicity in processing using standard techniques. In particular, competitive mechanical performances have been demonstrated by green composites having a polymer matrix reinforced with sisal, luffa, and maize fibers at different fiber percentages of 10%, 15%, and 25%. The tensile characteristics of polymer composites reinforced with these fibers are optimized in this study by the application of Taguchi and response surface methodology. By assessing characteristics such as section size, fiber content, and fiber type simultaneously, the study attempts to produce optimal biocomposite qualities, which are then experimentally tested. Tensile tests show considerable gains: the biocomposite containing 15% corn fiber showed a 21.04% increase in tensile strength. Similarly, sisal, luffa, and corn fibers all showed notable improvements in Young’s modulus, with the biocomposite showing 22.77%, 31.77%, and 20.25% increases, respectively.

Summary: Background: In industrialized countries, the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) appears stabilized. This study examined the incidence and phenotype of IBD in Northern France over a 30-year period. Methods: Including all IBD patients recorded in the EPIMAD population-based registry from 1988 to 2017 in Northern France, we described the incidence and clinical presentation of IBD according to age, sex and time. Findings: A total of 22,879 incident IBD cases were documented (59% (n = 13,445) of Crohn’s disease (CD), 38% (n = 8803) of ulcerative colitis (UC), 3% (n = 631) of IBD unclassified (IBDU)). Over the study period, incidence of IBD, CD and UC was 12.7, 7.2 and 5.1 per 105 person-years, respectively. The incidence of CD increased from 5.1/105 in 1988–1990 to 7.9/105 in 2015–2017 (annual percent change (APC): +1.9%, p

This paper aims to strengthen composites by treated and untreated date palm fibers (PDF), with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), for light applications. With 75% cellulose content and a density of 1.2 g/cm3, the palm fibers were exposed to a preparatory treatment with 1.5% NaOH for 24 h prior to integration into a polyester. Four polyester samples comprising 30% of palm fiber were manufactured. Additionally, the palm fiber interface was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. The specimens underwent mechanical testing and it shows that tensile (18% increase in stress and 1.2% increase in Young’s modulus) and flexural properties (20% increase in strength and 10% increase in Young’s modulus) of treated composites as compared with untreated fibers. A MATLAB-based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was applied to estimate stress and strain at break as well as the Young’s modulus, based on three input characteristics: section, sample length, and chemical treatment. It was obtained that the polyester reinforced by NaOH-treated palm fibers increased the mechanical characteristics relative to the untreated fibers. The coefficient of determination R2 in the ANN models is 0.87. These results suggest that the ANN model is a useful tool for predicting mechanical properties.

Silver, typically acknowledged for its inertness toward hydrogen under standard conditions, exhibits a noteworthy shift in reactivity under elevated pressures. Employing first-principles variable-composition evolutionary search calculations, our investigation unveils the presence of thermodynamically stable Ag-H compounds. A novel stoichiometry, Ag2H, characterized by P3¯m1 symmetry, emerges as the thermodynamically stable phase at 100 GPa. Notably, the trigonal-Ag2H phase at 100 GPa demonstrates both mechanical and dynamic stability, as ascertained through the computation of elastic constants and phonon dispersions, respectively. Examination of the electronic band structure and density of states manifests the metallic nature of the resulting Ag2H compound. A comprehensive analysis involving crystal orbital bond index, Bader charge, and charge density plots substantiates the ionic character of Ag2H, attributable to effective charge transfer from silver atoms to hydrogen. Furthermore, application of the Allen-Dynes modified McMillan equation indicates the absence of superconducting behavior in Ag-H systems at the elevated pressure of 100 GPa.

Social engineering (SE) attacks are a growing concern for organizations that rely on technology to protect sensitive data. Identifying and preventing these attacks can be challenging, as they frequently rely on manipulating human behavior rather than exploiting technical vulnerabilities. Although various studies have explored SE attacks and their defense mechanisms, there remains a gap in the literature concerning the holistic and layered classification of these threats and countermeasures. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive literature survey to understand existing taxonomies and subsequently identified areas that required a more structured and exhaustive categorization. Based on the survey results, we propose a comprehensive taxonomy of SE attacks, classifying them based on three levels: environment, approaches, and mediums. Additionally, we present a taxonomy of social engineering countermeasures, encompassing both technical and non-technical solutions. The proposed taxonomies serve as a foundation for future research and offer organizations a valuable framework for developing effective strategies to detect, prevent, and respond to social engineering incidents.

Abstract Background Myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common cardiovascular renal diseases (CVRD) manifestations for type 2 diabetes. The objective was to estimate the incidence of the first occurring CVRD manifestation and cumulative hospitalization costs of each CVRD manifestation for type 2 diabetes without CVRD history. Methods A cohort study of all type 2 diabetes free of CVRD as of January 1st 2014, was identified and followed-up for 5 years within the French SNDS nationwide claims database. The cumulative incidence of the first occurring CVRD manifestation was estimated using the cumulative incidence function, with death as a competing risk. Cumulative hospitalization costs of each CVRD manifestations were estimated from the perspective of all payers. Results From 2,079,089 type 2 diabetes without cancer or transplantation, 76.5% were free of CVRD at baseline with a mean age of 65 years, 52% of women and 7% with microvascular complications history. The cumulative incidence of a first CVRD manifestation was 15.3% after 5 years of follow-up with a constant linear increase over time for all CVRD manifestations: The most frequent was CKD representing 40.6% of first occurred CVRD manifestation, followed by HF (23.0%), then PAD (13.5%), stroke (13.2%) and MI (9.7%). HF and CKD together reached about one patient out of ten after 5 years and represented 63.6% of first CVRD manifestations. The 5-year global cost of all CVRD hospitalizations was 3.9 billion euros (B€), i.e. 2,450€ per patient of the whole cohort, with an exponential increase over time for each specific CVRD manifestation. The costliest was CKD (2.0 B€), followed by HF (1.2 B€), then PAD (0.7 B€), stroke (0.6 B€) and MI (0.3 B€). Conclusions/interpretation While MI, stroke and PAD remain classic major risks of complications for CVRD-free type 2 diabetes, HF and CKD nowadays represent individually a higher risk and cost than each of these classic manifestations, and jointly represents a risk and a cost twice as high as these three classic manifestations all together. This should encourage the development of specific HF and CKD preventive strategies.

Interfacial adhesion between surface coating and cement paste under aggressive environment is the most key properties that responsible the effectiveness of coating on cement paste. The present work is dedicated to an in-depth investigation concerning the temperature influence on the interfacial adhesion degradation between rubber nano-coating and Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (CSH) paste under harsh environments. Results indicate that a well-distributed fully rubber nano-coating on CSH maintains its impermeability within temperature range of 260–373K for pure water molecules and up to 420K for salty water solution. However, the nano-coated structure loses its impermeability at 380K and 440K in pure water and salty water solution, respectively. The interfacial adhesion between rubber and CSH surface decreases with increasing temperature under both conditions. In addition, the effectiveness of the rubber nano-coating surface weakens due to temperature rising inducing the breaking of the hardest interfacial interatomic cao-c = bonds in both conditions.

Awkward postures imposed by nursing duties are a main source of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among nursing staff. The purpose of this article is to describe the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among critical care nurses, in two patient handling tasks, transferring and repositioning of patients, and assess their training level and acquaintance of ergonomics rules and principles in patients’ handling tasks. Results of the study revealed a large number of nurses in intensive care unit exhibit musculoskeletal disorders symptoms. Nurses knowledge of safe patients handling technics are superficial and lacking basic human factors /ergonomics principles. The study recommended the immediate hiring of an adequate number of physically able nursing staff and providing the necessary work equipment to assist nurses perform patient handling tasks. In the near future, a human factors/ergonomics intervention program should be launched, incorporating a "Safe Patient Handling Training Program” for the critical care-unit staff.

Orthodontic miniscrews are used to achieve absolute anchorage. Their insertion technique is simple but must be precise to avoid intra- and postoperative complications. This study aimed to review the literature on the role of digital technology in the precise placement of miniscrews and to describe the different stages of the insertion guide manufacturing chain. The databases used were PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, including the following English descriptors: “Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures,” “Cone Beam Computed Tomography.” Digital technology improves the accuracy of miniscrew placement by using 3D imaging to assess the quantity and quality of bone and the proximity of anatomical structures in the area to be implanted. By combining 3D imaging with the new techniques of 3D printing and virtual planning, the orthodontist can obtain a personalized placement guide for the patient using computer-aided design and manufacturing techniques. A digitally-assisted miniscrew insertion system is a promising technique for precise and safe miniscrew insertion but cannot be used routinely. Therefore, large-scale studies are needed to map miniscrew insertion in different areas, considering ethnicity, gender, and different anatomical characteristics.

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of different geometries and sections on the mechanical properties of epoxy specimens. Five tensile tests were carried out on three types of series. The experimental results obtained were 1812.21 MPa, 3.90% and 41.91 MPa for intact specimens, 1450.41 MPa, 2.16% and 21.28 MPa for specimens with hole and 750.77 MPa, 2.77% and 11.89 MPa for specimens with elliptical -notched for Young's Modulus , strain and stress respectively. In addition, the experimental results indicated that the mechanical properties of both (Young's Modulus value and stress value) were higher in an intact specimen. Afterwards, the nonlinear functional relationship of input parameters between epoxy sample geometries and sections was established using the response surface model (RSM) and the artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the output parameters of mechanical properties (Young's Modulus and stress). In addition, the design of experiment was developed by the Analysis of the Application of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed the superiority of the ANN model over the RSM model, where the correlation coefficient values for the model datasets exceed ANN (R2 = 0.984 for Young's Modulus and R2 = 0.981 for the stress)

This study presents the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial efficacy of a novel pyrazoline carboxamide heterocyclic compound. Synthesized through a two-step process, involving the formation of an α,β-unsaturated ketone and subsequent conversion into a pyrazoline carboxamide derivative, the compound's structure and functional groups were confirmed using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and DEPT-135 techniques. The compound demonstrated high purity and yield, displaying significant inhibitory zones against micro-organisms, notably Listeria monocytogenes (14.2 ± 0.0 mm to 16.8 ± 1.3 mm) and Candida albicans (10.9 ± 0.6 mm to 17.8 ± 1.5 mm). Evaluation of drug-likeness and toxicity highlighted its potential for drug development. Molecular dock-ing studies indicated strong binding affinities to key antimicrobial target proteins, including DNA gyrase, penicillin-binding protein, and C. albicans sterol 14-α-demethylase. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the com-pound's structural flexibility. These results make this new compound a candidate for further exploration in drug development, highlighting its potential therapeutic applications.

The echinoderm sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus Lamarck, 1816 (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) is a good species to be used in environmental and toxicology research, in particular as a heavy metal bio-indicator. Our study’s objective is to evaluate the amounts of Zn, Pb, Fe, and Cu in sea urchin specimens collected from the coast of Skikda (Northeast Algeria) in order to validate the fact that sea urchins are good indicators of metal pollution and can be used effectively for environmental biomonitoring. To realize our objectives, three sampling sites were chosen based on suspected forms and sources of contamination. The main physicochemical parameters of the seawater were measured to determine their quality. 15 specimens of urchins in each station were obtained from exposed rocky surfaces and transported to the laboratory. Before dissection, the biometric parameters and the total wet weight were determined. The soft organs (gut and gonads) of individuals were separated and utilized to evaluate the levels of heavy metals. The condition index and metal indices were also determined. Our study confirmed that P. lividus may be considered a valuable bioindicator of heavy metal contamination in marine ecosystems. The results show that the amounts of heavy metals differed significantly between stations. Samples taken from the Larbi Ben M’hidi station showed greater amounts of Pb, Zn, and Cu. These amounts are above the recommended limits for fish and aquatic animals. Also, the heavy metals found in sea urchins vary depending on the physicochemical parameters, trace metals in the seawater, and the individual biometric parameters. These higher concentrations of metals in seawater and in P. lividus individuals at the Larbi Ben M’hidi station are largely caused by the construction of a massive oil industry complex and terminal with several refineries and petrochemical units near this station, as well as by a considerable amount of domestic wastewater. Finally, to avoid this metallic pollution risk, it is necessary that permanent controls be imposed as soon as possible. Urban and industrial wastes must be treated before being released, in the hope of reducing future metal concentrations.

This study aimed at measuring the impact of financial risks represented by (liquidity risk, credit risk and solvency risk) on the stocks return of Jordanian commercial banks. The study was conducted on the Jordanian banking sector consisting of thirteen Jordanian commercial banks during the period (2007-2016). In order to estimate the impact of financial risk on stocks returns, the study used Panel data analysis method. In order to test hypotheses, based on the Hausman test the random effect model was used between independent variables (liquidity risk, solvency risk, and credit risk) and stocks returns. The study reached several results: There is not a significant impact on liquidity risk on the stock returns and thus acceptance of the first hypothesis, the existence of a negative impact of the risk of banks' solvency on the stock returns and thus rejecting the second hypothesis, and there is significance negative impact of credit risk on the returns of stocks, the third null hypothesis is rejected. The study recommended the need to reduce the credit risk by studying the financial solvency of customers (debtors), By seeking more collateral to ensure that the reduced probability of default in repayment, Thus eroding the stock's returns in the Banks as a result of this, And the need for banks to improve the level of financial solvency because of a clear reflection on the confidence of customers, especially depositors, which means increasing the funds flowing to the bank and therefore on investments and stocks returns, And the need to focus commercial banks on the optimal choice between profitability and liquidity in order to achieve acceptable returns under the level of liquidity risk desired.

Aims: This review aims to prove whether derotation can correct minimal class II. Materials and Methods: The systematic search included Medline (PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE and EBSCO, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library (Cochrane Review, Trails), and additional studies were searched in the reference lists of all articles. The date of the last search was December 13th, 2022. The methodological quality of the retrospective studies was graded by means of the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, developed for the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP), and prospective studies by means of the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: Totally, 1342 studies were identified for screening, and 5 studies were eligible. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies rated 2, of the included retrospective clinical studies as high risk and 1 as moderate risk. The Newcastle– Ottawa Scale rated all 2 included studies as high risk. The mean molar derotation values varied from 1 mm to 2 mm. Conclusion: Through this systematic review, we have highlighted that; the derotation can correct the minimal class II. It is possible thanks to several devices like traspalatin arch, clear aligner, headgear, and some distalizers especially those with vestibular action. The mean molar derotation values varied from 1 mm to 2 mm, conditionally to not lose the space obtained by the effect of mezialization