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7. Allergic rhinitis and asthma comorbidity in a survey of young adults in Italy

Author

Bugiani, M., Carosso, A., Migliore, E., Piccioni, P., Corsico, A., Olivieri, M., Ferrari, M., Pirina, P., Marinoni, R. de Marco on behalf of ISAYA: Principal researchers: A., Carolei, A., Montomoli, C., Villani, S., Comelli, M., Ponzio, M., Grassi, M., Rezzani, C., Casali, L., Cerveri, I., Zoia, M. C., Colato, S., Moscato, G., Perfetti, L., Alesina, R., Basso, O., Berrayah, L., Brusotti, R., Fanfulla, F., Moi, P., Frati, C., Karytinos, P., Arossa, W., Caria, E., Castiglioni, G., Romano, Canzio, Fabbro, D., Ciccone, G., Magnani, C., Dalmasso, P., Bono, Roberto, Gigli, G., Giraudo, A., Brussino, M. C., Bucca, Caterina, Rolla, Giovanni, Aime, M., Cerutti, A., Chiampo, F., Gallo, W., Sulotto, F., de Marco, R., Verlato, G., Accordini, S., Zanolin, M. E., Locatelli, F., Cazzoletti, L., Pattaro, C., Sartori, S., Poli, A., Dorigo, N., Cantarelli, S., Ciresola, D., Lo Cascio, V., Biasin, C., Campello, C., Rossi, F., Cannistra`, A., Cenci, B., Destefani, E., Girotto, M., Lampronti, G., Martini, C., Tardivo, S., Villani, A., Lauriola, P., Danielli, G., Sesti, D., Ghigli, E., P. Natale, M. Grosa, Tacconi, A., Frontero, P., and Salomoni, A.

Published
2005

8. The role of climate on the geographic variability of asthma, allergicrhinitis and respiratory symptoms: results from the Italian study of asthma in young adults

Author

Zanolin, M. E., Pattaro, C., Corsico, . A., Bugiani, M., Carrozzi, L., Casali, . L., Dallari, R., Ferrari, M., Marinoni, . A., Migliore, E., Olivieri, M., P. P. i. r. i. n. a., . G. Verlato, Villani, . S., Demarco, R., Buriani, . O., Cavallini, R., Saletti, C., Cellini, M., Faustini, M., de Togni, A., Marinoni, A., Carolei, A., Montomoli, C., Villani, S., Comelli, M., Ponzio, . M., Grassi, M., Rezzani, C., Casali, L., Cerveri, I., Zoia, M. C., Corsico, A., Colato, S., Moscato, G., Perfetti, . L., Viegi, G., Pistelli, F., Di Pede, F., Paggiaro, P. L., Santolicandro, A., Giovannetti, P., Ginesu, F., Pirina, P., Ostera, S., Pinna, G. P., Farre, A., Imparato, S., Turrini, E., Foglia, . M., Giammanco, G., Pignato, S., Rotondo, . A., Cuspilici, A., Piccioni, P., Carosso, . A., Arossa, W., Caria, E., Castiglioni, G., Romano, Canzio, Fabbro, D., Ciccone, G., Magnani, . C., Dalmasso, P., Bono, Roberto, Gigli, G., Giraudo, A., Brussino, Luisa, Bucca, Caterina, Rolla, Giovanni, Struzzo, P., Orefice, . U., Schneider, M., Chittaro, F., Peresson, D., de Marco, R., Verlato, G., Accordini, S., Locatelli, F., Cazzoletti, L., Sartori, S., Poli, . A., Dorigo, N., Cantarelli, S., Ciresola, D., Lo Cascio, V., Biasin, C., Lauriola, P., Danielli, G., Sesti, D., Ghigli, E., P. Natale, M. Grosa, Tacconi, A., Frontero, P., and Salomoni, A.

Subjects
climate, asthma, allergic rhinitis, respiratory symptoms
Published
2004

9. Chronic cough and phlegm in young adults

Author

Cerveri, I., Accordini, S., Corsico, A., Zoia, M. C., Carrozzi, L., Cazzoletti, L., Beccaria, M., Marinoni, A., Viegi, G., de Marco, R., Ginesu, F., Pirina, P., Ostera, S., Pinna, G. P., Farre, A., Imparato, S., Dallari, R., Turrini, E., Foglia, M., Giammanco, G., Pignato, S., Rotondo, A., Cuspilici, A., Bugiani, M., Piccioni, P., Carosso, A., Arossa, W., Caria, E., Castiglioni, G., Migliore, E., Romano, C., Fabbro, D., Ciccone, G., Magnani, C., Dalmasso, P., Bono, R., Gigli, G., Giraudo, A., Brussino, M. C., Bucca, C., Rolla, G., Struzzo, P., Orefice, U., Schneider, M., Chittaro, F., Peresson, D., Verlato, G., Zanolin, M. E., Locatelli, F., Battisti, L., Pattaro, C., Poli, A., Dorigo, N., Cantarelli, S., Ciresola, D., Lo Cascio, V., Olivieri, M., Ferrari, M., Biasin, C., Lauriola, P., Danielli, G., Sesti, D., Ghigli, E., Natale, P., Grosa, M., Tacconi, A., Frontero, P., and Salomoni, A.

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic Obstructive, Cross-sectional study, Health surveys, Population, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cross-sectional studies, health surveys, risk factors, smoking, Pulmonary Disease, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Sex Factors, Epidemiology, medicine, Prevalence, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Cross-sectional studies, Risk factors, Smoking, Asthma, Chronic Disease, Cough, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Italy, Socioeconomic Factors, Sputum, Young adult, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Phlegm, medicine.disease, Obstructive lung disease, respiratory tract diseases, Chronic cough, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines underline that the presence of chronic cough and sputum production before airflow obstruction offers a unique opportunity to identify subjects at risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for an early intervention. Current epidemiological data on these subjects are scant. Between 1998-2000, the authors evaluated the prevalence and characteristics of these symptoms by a multicentre cross-sectional survey of Italian people aged between 20-44 yrs from the general population (Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA)). Besides the questions on asthma, more than 18,000 subjects answered the question: "Have you had cough and phlegm on most days for as much as 3 months per year and for at least two successive years?" The adjusted prevalence of subjects with chronic cough and phlegm was 11.9%, being 11.8% in males and 12.0% in females. From these subjects approximately 20% reported coexisting asthma and approximately 30%, predominately females, were nonsmokers. The survey showed that sex (female), smoking and low socioeconomic status were significantly and independently associated with chronic cough and phlegm, current smoking playing the major role. The prevalence of subjects with chronic cough and phlegm is startlingly high among young adults. Further follow-up studies are needed to establish how many of them will go on to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Published
2003

10. Is the prevalence of adult asthma and allergic rhinitis still increasing? Results of an Italian study

Author

Verlato, G, Corsico, A, Villani, S, Cerveri, I, Migliore, E, Accordini, S, Carolei, A, Piccioni, P, Bugiani, M, Lo Cascio, V, Marinoni, A, Poli, A, Ecrhs, de Marco R., Marinoni, ISAYA group Principal researchers: A., Carolei, A., Montomoli, C., Villani, S., Comelli, M., Ponzio, M., Grassi, M., Rezzani, C., Casali, L., Cerveri, I., Zoia, M. C., Corsico, A., Colato, S., Moscato, G., Perfetti, L., Alesina, R., Basso, O., Berrayah, L., Brusotti, R., Fanfulla, F., Moi, P., Frati, C., Karytinos, P., Bugiani, M., Piccioni, P., Carosso, A., Arossa, W., Caria, E., Castiglioni, G., Migliore, E., Romano, C., Fabbro, D., Ciccone, G., Magnani, C., Dalmasso, Paola, Bono, Roberto, Gigli, G., Giraudo, A., Brussino, Luisa, Bucca, Caterina, Rolla, Giovanni, Aime, M., Cerutti, A., Chiampo, F., Gallo, W., Sulotto, F., de Marco, R., Verlato, G., Accordini, S., Zanolin, M. E., Locatelli, F., Cazzoletti, L., Pattaro, C., Sartori, S., Poli, A., Dorigo, N., Cantarelli, S., Ciresola, D., Lo Cascio, V., Olivieri, M., Ferrari, M., Biasin, C., Campello, C., Rossi, F., Cannistrà, A., Cenci, B., Destefani, E., Girotto, M., Lampronti, G., Martini, C., Tardivo, S., Villani, A., Lauriola, P., Danielli, G., Sesti, D., Ghigli, E., Natale, P., Grosa, M., Tacconi, A., Frontero, P., and Salomoni, A.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, temporal trend, Immunology, Logistic regression, asthma, allergic rhinitis, temporal trend, epidemiology, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, Non-response bias, Young adult, Asthma, Response rate (survey), allergic rhinitis, business.industry, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, Odds ratio, asthma, medicine.disease, Italy, Female, epidemiology, business
Abstract

The prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis has increased worldwide during the 1970s and 1980s.This study was aimed at evaluating whether the increasing trend in prevalence persisted during the 1990s in the young adult Italian population.In 1998 to 2000 a screening questionnaire was sent by mail to a general population sample aged 20 to 44 years; nonresponders were contacted again first by mail and then by phone, achieving a final response rate of 78.1% (6876 of 8800). Prevalence estimates, adjusted to correct for nonresponse bias, were compared with those recorded in Italy in 1991 to 1993 during the European Community Respiratory Health Survey, when response rate had been slightly higher (87.6%). Temporal variations in symptom prevalence were analyzed by a logistic regression model, controlling for sex, age, site of residence (urban vs suburban areas), season of response, response rate, and type of contact (mail vs phone).The prevalence of asthma attacks did not vary significantly from 1991 to 1993 (3.6%) to 1998 to 2000 (3.2%) (P =.188). The prevalence of asthma-like symptoms (wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath) tended to decrease in the age classes of 32.5 to 45 years, while increasing in the youngest age class (20 to 26 years). A clear-cut increase from 15.4% to 18.3% was observed for the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (P.001), whereas the proportion of people under antiasthmatic treatment increased in suburban areas but not in urban areas (interaction time-site of residence, P.001).Asthma prevalence has not increased during the last decade in Italy. The persistence of an increasing trend in allergic rhinitis prevalence deserves attention.

Published
2003

11. Incidence and remission of asthma: a retrospective study on the natural history of asthma in Italy

Author

De Marco, R., Locatelli, F., Cerveri, I., Bugiani, M., Marinoni, A., Giammanco, G., Accordini, S., Verlato, G., Zanolin, E., Buriani, O., Carrozzi, L., Dallari, R., Ginesu, F., Poli, A., Struzzo, P., Cavallini, R., Saletti, C., Cellini, M., Faustini, M., De Togni, A., Carolei, A., Montomoli, C., Villani, S., Comelli, M., Ponzio, M., Grassi, M., Rezzani, C., Casali, L., Zoia, M. C., Corsico, A., Colato, S., Moscato, G., Perfetti, L., Viegi, G., Pistelli, F., Di Pede, F., Paggiaro, P. L., Santolicandro, A., Giovannetti, P., Pirina, P., Ostera, S., Pinna, G. P., Farre, A., Imparato, S., Turrini, E., Foglia, M., Pignato, S., Rotondo, A., Cuspilici, A., Piccioni, P., Carosso, A., Arossa, W., Caria, E., Castiglioni, G., Migliore, E., Romano, C., Fabbro, D., Ciccone, G., Magnani, C., Dalmasso, P., Bono, R., Gigli, G., Giraudo, A., Brussino, M. C., Bucca, C., Rolla, G., Orefice, U., Schneider, M., Chittaro, F., Peresson, D., Zanolin, M. E., Cazzoletti, L., Battisti, L., Pattaro, C., Dorigo, N., Cantarelli, S., Ciresola, D., Lo Cascio, V., Olivieri, M., Ferrari, M., Biasin, C., Lauriola, P., Danielli, G., Sesti, D., Ghigli, E., Natale, P., Grosa, M., Tacconi, A., Frontero, P., and Salomoni, A.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, National Health Programs, Remission, Cross-sectional study, Immunology, Population, Remission, Spontaneous, Rate ratio, Asthma remission, Asthma incidence, Persistence of asthma, Asthma, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Italy, Retrospective Studies, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Young adult, Preschool, education, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Spontaneous, Incidence (epidemiology), Retrospective cohort study, Newborn, medicine.disease, Natural history, business
Abstract

The knowledge of the natural history of asthma from birth to adulthood could provide important clues for its cause and for the understanding of epidemiologic findings.This study is aimed at assessing the incidence and remission of asthma from birth to the age of 44 years by using data from 18,873 subjects involved in a large, nationally representative, cross-sectional study carried out in Italy from 1998 through 2000.The onset of asthma was defined as the age at the first attack, and remission was considered present when a subject was neither under treatment nor had experienced an asthma attack in the last 24 months. Person-years and survival techniques were used for the analysis.The average annual incidence rate for the 1953 to 2000 period was 2.56/1000 persons per year. Incidence peaked in boys less than 10 years of age (4.38/1000 persons per year) and in women 30 years of age or older (3.1/1000 persons per year) and showed a generational increase (incident rate ratio = 2.63 and 95% CI = 2.20-3.12 for 1974-1979 vs 1953-1958 birth cohort). The overall remission rate was 45.8% (41.6% in women and 49.5% in men, P.001). Asthmatic patients in remission had an earlier age at onset (7.8 vs 15.9 years, P.001) and a shorter duration of the disease (5.6 vs 16.1 years, P.001) than patients with current asthma. The probability of remission was strongly (P.001) and inversely related to the age at onset (62.8% and 15.0% in the10- andor =20-years age-at-onset groups, respectively).With respect to its natural history, asthma presents 2 different forms: early-onset asthma, which occurs early in childhood, affects mainly boys, and has a good prognosis, and late-onset asthma, which generally occurs during or after puberty, mainly affects women, and has a poor prognosis. The minority of patients with early-onset asthma who do not remit represents more than 35% of patients with current asthma in the general young adult population.

Published
2002

12. Incidence and remission of asthma: A retrospective study on the natural history of asthma in Italy

Author

de Marco, R, Locatelli, F, Cerveri, I, Bugiani, M, Marinoni, A, Giammanco, G, Buriani, for the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults study group Principal researchers: O., Cavallini, R., Saletti, C., Cellini, M., Faustini, M., de Togni, A., Marinoni, A., Carolei, A., Montomoli, C., Villani, S., Comelli, M., Ponzio, M., Grassi, M., Rezzani, C., Casali, L., Cerveri, I., Zoia, M. C., Corsico, A., Colato, S., Moscato, G., Perfetti, L., Carrozzi, L., Viegi, G., Pistelli, F., Di Pede, F., Paggiaro, P. L., Santolicandro, A., Giovannetti, P., Ginesu, F., Pirina, P., Ostera, S., Pinna, G. P., Farre, A., Imparato, S., Dallari, R., Turrini, E., Foglia, M., Giammanco, G., Pignato, S., Rotondo, A., Cuspilici, A., Bugiani, M., Piccioni, P., Carosso, A., Arossa, W., Caria, E., Castiglioni, G., Migliore, E., Romano, Canzio, Fabbro, D., Ciccone, G., Magnani, C., Dalmasso, Paola, Bono, Roberto, Gigli, G., Giraudo, A., Brussino, Luisa, Bucca, Caterina, Rolla, Giovanni, Struzzo, P., Orefice, U., Schneider, M., Chittaro, F., Peresson, D., de Marco, R., Verlato, G., Accordini, S., Zanolin, M. E., Locatelli, F., Cazzoletti, L., Battisti, L., Pattaro, C., Poli, A., Dorigo, N., Cantarelli, S., Ciresola, D., Lo Cascio, V., Olivieri, M., Ferrari, M., Biasin, C., Lauriola, P., Danielli, G., Sesti, D., Ghigli, E., P. Natale, M. Grosa, Tacconi, A., Frontero, P., and Salomoni, A.

Published
2002

13. Determinants of bronchial responsiveness in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey in Italy: evidence of an independent role of atopy, total serum IgE levels, and asthma symptoms

Author

de Mareo, European Community Respiratory Health Survey Italy University di Verona: R., Lo Cascio, V., Campello, C., Ferrari, M., Biasin, C., Cannistro, A., Cenci, B., Destefani, E., Girotto, M., Lampronti, G., Martini, C., Olivieri, M., Poli, A., Tardivo, S., Verlato, G., Villani, A., Zanolin, M. E., Marinoni, Universita di Pavia: A., Alesina, I. C. e. r. v. e. r. i. R., Basso, O., Zoia, L. B. e. r. r. a. y. a. h. R. B. r. u. s. o. t. t. i. F. F. a. n. f. u. l. l. a. P. M. o. i. M. C., Bucca, Caterina, Romano, Canzio, Aime, M., Cerutti, A., Chiampo, F., Gallo, W., Rolla, Giovanni, Casali, F. Sulotto: USSL 77 Pavia: L., Fratti, C., Bugiani, P. Karytinos: USSL 7 Torino: M., Arossa, W., Caria, E., Carosso, A., Castiglioni, G., and Piccioni, P.

Published
1998

14. Evaluation of methacholine dose-response curves by linear and exponential mathematical models: goodness-of-fit and validity of extrapolation

Author

Verlato, G., Cerveri, I., Villani, A., Pasquetto, M., Ferrari, M., Fanfulla, F., Zanolin, E., Rijcken, B., de Marco, R. de M. a. r. c. o. Università di Verona: R., Lo Cascio, V., Campello, C., Rossi, F., Biasin, C., Cannistrà, A., Cenci, B., Destefani, E., Girotto, M., Lampronti, G., Martini, C., Olivieri, M., Poli, A., Tardivo, S., Zanolin, M. E., Marinoni, Università di Pavia: A., Alesina, R., Basso, O., Berrayah, L., Brusotti, R., Moi, P., Zoia, M. C., Università di Torino, Bucca, Caterina, Romano, Canzio, Aime, M., Cerutti, A., Chiampo, F., Gallo, W., Rolla, Giovanni, Sulotto, F., Casali, USSL 77 Pavia: L., Frati, C., Karytinos, P., Bugiani, USSL 7 Torino: M., Arossa, W., Caria, E., Carosso, A., Castiglioni, G., and Piccioni, P.

Subjects
methacholine challenge, dose-response curve
Published
1996

15. Asthmatics and ex-smokers respond early, heavy smokers respond late to mailed surveys in Italy

Author

Verlato, Giuseppe, Melotti, Roberto, Olivieri, Mario, Corsico, Angelo, Bugiani, Massimiliano, Accordini, Simone, Villani, Simona, Migliore, Enrica, Marinoni, Alessandra, Pirina, Pietro, Carrozzi, Laura, Bortolami, Oscar, Rava, Marta, de Marco, Roberto, Accordini, S., Verlato, G., Zanolin, E., Bugiani, M., Buriani, O., Carrozzi, L., Dallari, R., Giammanco, G., Ginesu, F., Marinoni, A., Poli, A., Struzzo, Pierluigi, Cavallini, R., Saletti, C., Cellini, M., Faustini, M., de Togni, A., Carolei, A., Montomoli, C., Villani, S., Comelli, M., Ponzio, M., Grassi, M., Rezzani, C., Casali, L., Cerveri, I., Zoia, M. C., Corsico, A., Colato, S., Moscato, G., Perfetti, L., Viegi, G., Pistelli, F., Di Pede, F., Paggiaro, P. L., Santolicandro, A., Giovannetti, P., Pirina, P., Ostera, S., Pinna, G. P., Farre, A., Imparato, S., Turrini, E., Foglia, M., Pignato, S., Rotondo, A., Cuspilici, A., Piccioni, P., Carosso, A., Arossa, W., Caria, E., Castiglioni, G., Migliore, E., Romano, C., Fabbro, D., Ciccone, G., Magnani, C., Dalmasso, P., Bono, R., Gigli, G., Giraudo, A., Brussino, M. C., Bucca, C., Rolla, G., Struzzo, P., Orefice, U., Schneider, M., Chittaro, F., Peresson, D., de Marco, R., Zanolin, M. E., Locatelli, F., Cazzoletti, L., Pattaro, C., Sartori, S., Dorigo, N., Cantarelli, S., Ciresola, D., Lo Cascio, V., Ferrari, M., Biasin, C., Lauriola, P., Danielli, G., Sesti, D., Ghigli, E., Natale, P., Grosa, M., Tacconi, A., Frontero, P., Salomoni, A., Verlato, Giuseppe, Melotti, Roberto, Olivieri, Mario, Corsico, Angelo, Bugiani, Massimiliano, Accordini, Simone, Villani, Simona, Migliore, Enrica, Marinoni, Alessandra, Pirina, Pietro, Carrozzi, Laura, Bortolami, Oscar, Rava, Marta, de Marco, Roberto, Accordini, S., Verlato, G., Zanolin, E., Bugiani, M., Buriani, O., Carrozzi, L., Dallari, R., Giammanco, G., Ginesu, F., Marinoni, A., Poli, A., Struzzo, Pierluigi, Cavallini, R., Saletti, C., Cellini, M., Faustini, M., de Togni, A., Carolei, A., Montomoli, C., Villani, S., Comelli, M., Ponzio, M., Grassi, M., Rezzani, C., Casali, L., Cerveri, I., Zoia, M. C., Corsico, A., Colato, S., Moscato, G., Perfetti, L., Viegi, G., Pistelli, F., Di Pede, F., Paggiaro, P. L., Santolicandro, A., Giovannetti, P., Pirina, P., Ostera, S., Pinna, G. P., Farre, A., Imparato, S., Turrini, E., Foglia, M., Pignato, S., Rotondo, A., Cuspilici, A., Piccioni, P., Carosso, A., Arossa, W., Caria, E., Castiglioni, G., Migliore, E., Romano, C., Fabbro, D., Ciccone, G., Magnani, C., Dalmasso, P., Bono, R., Gigli, G., Giraudo, A., Brussino, M. C., Bucca, C., Rolla, G., Struzzo, P., Orefice, U., Schneider, M., Chittaro, F., Peresson, D., de Marco, R., Zanolin, M. E., Locatelli, F., Cazzoletti, L., Pattaro, C., Sartori, S., Dorigo, N., Cantarelli, S., Ciresola, D., Lo Cascio, V., Ferrari, M., Biasin, C., Lauriola, P., Danielli, G., Sesti, D., Ghigli, E., Natale, P., Grosa, M., Tacconi, A., Frontero, P., and Salomoni, A.

Subjects
Male, Questionnaires, Allergy, asthmatics, ex-smokers, survey, Allergic rhinitis, Mail survey, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Smoking habit, Medicine, Respiratory symptoms, Young adult, Response bias, Medicine (all), Respiratory disease, Phlegm, Smoking, Health Survey, Middle Aged, Chronic cough, Italy, Bias (Epidemiology), Female, medicine.symptom, Human, Adult, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Logistic Model, Response bia, Young Adult, Allergic rhiniti, Humans, Smoking habits, Asthma, Questionnaire, business.industry, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, Surgery, respiratory tract diseases, Logistic Models, Cough, mail survey, response bias, respiratory symptoms, asthma, allergic rhinitis, smoking habits, Respiratory symptom, Patient Compliance, business, Demography
Abstract

Summary Rationale and objectives Response to mailed epidemiological surveys has decreased in recent decades. Since subjects with respiratory symptoms are usually early responders to surveys performed in Southern Europe, this trend could bias prevalence estimates. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of non-response bias on prevalence estimates of respiratory symptoms and smoking habits. Methods In 9 centres, participating in the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA), random samples of people aged 20–45 years were administered a mailed questionnaire between 1998 and 2000. Non-responders were contacted again first by mail and then by phone. Cumulative response percentage was 30.5%, 52.4% and 72.7% (18,873/25,969), respectively, after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd contact. Results The prevalence of self-reported current asthma, asthma-like symptoms, and chronic cough/phlegm was more than halved from the first contact (5.6%, 17.8%, 14.6% respectively) to the third contact (2.7%, 6.4%, 6.9%). This pattern was less pronounced when considering allergic rhinitis and past asthma, whose prevalence decreased, respectively, from 21.5% to 15.6% and from 3.5% to 2.6%. At the same time the proportion of current smokers increased from 29.2% to 38%, while the proportion of ex-smokers decreased from 16.5% to 10.1%. In a multinomial logistic model current asthma, asthma-like symptoms, chronic cough/phlegm and smoking habits, and to a lower extent past asthma and allergic rhinitis, were significant predictors of late response. Conclusions In Italy when response percentage is low, the prevalence of current asthma, chronic cough/phlegm and ex-smokers is overestimated, while the proportion of current smokers is underestimated.

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16. Trends in the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Italy between 1991 and 2010.

Author

de Marco R, Cappa V, Accordini S, Rava M, Antonicelli L, Bortolami O, Braggion M, Bugiani M, Casali L, Cazzoletti L, Cerveri I, Fois AG, Girardi P, Locatelli F, Marcon A, Marinoni A, Panico MG, Pirina P, Villani S, Zanolin ME, and Verlato G

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Male, Prevalence, Respiratory Sounds, Smoking epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Asthma epidemiology, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial epidemiology, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal epidemiology
Abstract

The prevalence of asthma increased worldwide until the 1990s, but since then there has been no clear temporal pattern. The present study aimed to assess time trends in the prevalence of current asthma, asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis in Italian adults from 1990 to 2010. The same screening questionnaire was administered by mail or phone to random samples of the general population (age 20-44 yrs) in Italy, in the frame of three multicentre studies: the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) (1991-1993; n = 6,031); the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998-2000; n = 18,873); and the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007-2010; n = 10,494). Time trends in prevalence were estimated using Poisson regression models in the centres that repeated the survey at different points in time. From 1991 to 2010, the median prevalence of current asthma, wheezing and allergic rhinitis increased from 4.1% to 6.6%, from 10.1% to 13.9% and from 16.8% to 25.8%, respectively. The prevalence of current asthma was stable during the 1990s and increased (relative risk 1.38, 95% CI 1.19-1.59) from 1998-2000 to 2007-2010, mainly in subjects who did not report allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased continuously since 1991. The asthma epidemic is not over in Italy. During the past 20 yrs, asthma prevalence has increased by 38%, in parallel with a similar increase in asthma-like symptoms and allergic rhinitis.

Published
2012
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17. The Gene-Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) Project.

Author

de Marco R, Accordini S, Antonicelli L, Bellia V, Bettin MD, Bombieri C, Bonifazi F, Bugiani M, Carosso A, Casali L, Cazzoletti L, Cerveri I, Corsico AG, Ferrari M, Fois AG, Lo Cascio V, Marcon A, Marinoni A, Olivieri M, Perbellini L, Pignatti P, Pirina P, Poli A, Rolla G, Trabetti E, Verlato G, Villani S, and Zanolin ME

Subjects
Asthma epidemiology, Asthma genetics, Bias, Case-Control Studies, Data Collection, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Databases, Factual, Environmental Pollution, Female, Housing, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Nutrition Surveys, Phenotype, Public Sector, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive epidemiology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive genetics, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial epidemiology, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial genetics, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal epidemiology, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal genetics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Environment, Epidemiologic Research Design, Respiratory Tract Diseases epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Diseases genetics
Abstract

The role of genetic and environmental factors, as well as their interaction, in the natural history of asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is largely unknown. This is mainly due to the lack of large-scale analytical epidemiological/genetic studies aimed at investigating these 3 respiratory conditions simultaneously. The GEIRD project is a collaborative initiative designed to collect information on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, individual and ecological exposures, diet, early-life factors, smoking habits, genetic traits and medication use in large and accurately defined series of asthma, allergic rhinitis and COPD phenotypes. It is a population-based multicase-control design, where cases and controls are identified through a 2-stage screening process (postal questionnaire and clinical examination) in pre-existing cohorts or new samples of subjects. It is aimed at elucidating the role that modifiable and genetic factors play in the occurrence, persistence, severity and control of inflammatory airway diseases, by way of the establishment of a historical multicentre standardized databank of phenotypes, contributed by and openly available to international epidemiologists. Researchers conducting population-based surveys with standardized methods may contribute to the public-domain case-control database, and use the resulting increased power to answer their own scientific questions., (2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Published
2010
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18. Serious childhood respiratory infections and asthma in adult life. A population based study. ECRHS Italy. European Community Respiratory Health Survey.

Author

Ferrari M, Tardivo S, Zanolin ME, Olivieri M, Lampronti G, Biasin C, Poli A, Balestreri F, de Marco R, and Lo Cascio V

Subjects
Adult, Age Factors, Asthma epidemiology, Bronchial Hyperreactivity epidemiology, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immediate epidemiology, Male, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Asthma etiology, Bronchial Hyperreactivity etiology, Respiratory Tract Infections complications, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology
Abstract

Background: A number of epidemiologic studies have tried to establish whether respiratory tract infections in early childhood cause obstructive pulmonary disease in adult life., Objective: To determine whether reported serious respiratory infection before the age of 5 years (SRI) is a significant risk factor for subsequent development of bronchial asthma and/or bronchial hyperresponsiveness in adults., Methods: We investigated a random population sample of 1,104 subjects (aged 20 to 40 years), participating in the European Respiratory Health Survey in Italy. Bronchial response to methacholine and answers to a standardized questionnaire were analyzed., Results: The prevalence of SRI (ie, a positive response to the question "Have you ever had a serious respiratory infection before the age of 5 years?") was significantly higher in the subjects with a positive family history of allergic diseases than in those with a negative one (O.R. 1.89; 95% C.I. 1.24 to 2.87, P < .01). No relationship was found between SRI and current adult asthma; however, asthma in the past was found in 20.5% of the SRI positive subjects and in 9.1% of SRI negative subjects (O.R. 2.47; 95% C.I. 1.47 to 4.15, P < .05). No difference in the response to methacholine and in FEV1, FEV1/FVC values was found between SRI positive and SRI negative subjects., Conclusions: We suggest that a positive family history of atopy is associated with a significantly higher prevalence of SRI. Furthermore our results indicate that exposure to SRI is a risk factor for asthma in the past (ie, asthma in childhood and adolescence) but not for adult asthma or for the development of bronchial impairment in adult life.

Published
1999
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19. A new questionnaire for the repeat of the first stage of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey: a pilot study.

Author

de Marco R, Zanolin ME, Accordini S, Signorelli D, Marinoni A, Bugiani M, Lo Cascio V, Woods R, and Burney P

Subjects
Adult, European Union, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mass Screening methods, Pilot Projects, Prevalence, Asthma epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires
Abstract

In the early 1990s a multicentre survey on asthma was performed on the young adult population (European Community Respiratory Health Survey - ECRHS). This study is to be repeated in order to estimate changes in the prevalence of asthma-like symptoms during the last decade and to assess the social and economic costs of the disease and their variations among countries. The self-administered questionnaire devised for this purpose is a two-page questionnaire. The first page contains the same items as those used in the first survey with four additional questions related to: 1) the frequency and severity of asthma attacks; 2) the presence of chronic bronchitis; 3) smoking habits; and 4) a visual analogue scale assessing perception of outdoor pollution. The second page aims to collect information regarding the direct and indirect costs of asthma. The influence of the length of the questionnaire on the response rate was assessed in a pilot study in Italy. Two random samples of 150 subjects received either the one-page questionnaire (first page) or the two-page questionnaire. The response rate was compared with that obtained from the first postal wave in the 1991-1992 survey. Although the response rate was unchanged when using the one-page questionnaire (45% versus 45%), it decreased by 7% when the two-page questionnaire was used (38% versus 45%). On the basis of these results, no problem should arise if four more questions are added to the one-page questionnaire. The slight reduction in the response rate of the two-page questionnaire is worrying but could be corrected by the use of telephone interviews.

Published
1999
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20. [Mortality from causes amenable to medical intervention in Lombardy (1980-1985)].

Author

de Marco R and Zanolin ME

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Health Resources, Humans, Italy, Middle Aged, Quality of Health Care, Mortality
Abstract

From Rutstein's sentinel events list, causes were selected which are regarded as most amenable to medical intervention. Considerable variation in mortality between Health Districts (in Northern Italy) was found in most of these diseases. This substantial variation should be examined further in order to discover the true causes of unnecessary deaths. Using such indexes as an alarm indicator could be very useful in monitoring the quality of care and in allocating resources.

Published
1990

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