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1. PDRs4All IX. Sulfur elemental abundance in the Orion Bar

Author

Fuente, Asunción, Roueff, Evelyne, Petit, Franck Le, Bourlot, Jacques Le, Bron, Emeric, Wolfire, Mark G., Babb, James F., Yan, Pei-Gen, Onaka, Takashi, Black, John H., Schroetter, Ilane, Van De Putte, Dries, Sidhu, Ameek, Canin, Amélie, Trahin, Boris, Alarcón, Felipe, Chown, Ryan, Kannavou, Olga, Berné, Olivier, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Goicoechea, Javier R., Zannese, Marion, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Röllig, Markus, Gal, Romane Le, Sales, Dinalva A., Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Madden, Suzanne C., Neelamkodan, Naslim, Zhang, Ziwei E., and Stancil, P. C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

One of the main problems in astrochemistry is determining the amount of sulfur in volatiles and refractories in the interstellar medium. The detection of the main sulfur reservoirs (icy H$_2$S and atomic gas) has been challenging, and estimates are based on the reliability of models to account for the abundances of species containing less than 1% of the total sulfur. The high sensitivity of the James Webb Space Telescope provides an unprecedented opportunity to estimate the sulfur abundance through the observation of the [S I] 25.249 $\mu$m line. We used the [S III] 18.7 $\mu$m, [S IV] 10.5 $\mu$m, and [S l] 25.249 $\mu$m lines to estimate the amount of sulfur in the ionized and molecular gas along the Orion Bar. For the theoretical part, we used an upgraded version of the Meudon photodissociation region (PDR) code to model the observations. New inelastic collision rates of neutral atomic sulfur with ortho- and para- molecular hydrogen were calculated to predict the line intensities. The [S III] 18.7 $\mu$m and [S IV] 10.5 $\mu$m lines are detected over the imaged region with a shallow increase (by a factor of 4) toward the HII region. We estimate a moderate sulfur depletion, by a factor of $\sim$2, in the ionized gas. The corrugated interface between the molecular and atomic phases gives rise to several edge-on dissociation fronts we refer to as DF1, DF2, and DF3. The [S l] 25.249 $\mu$m line is only detected toward DF2 and DF3, the dissociation fronts located farthest from the HII region. The detailed modeling of DF3 using the Meudon PDR code shows that the emission of the [S l] 25.249 $\mu$m line is coming from warm ($>$ 40 K) molecular gas located at A$_{\rm V}$ $\sim$ 1$-$5 mag from the ionization front. Moreover, the intensity of the [S l] 25.249 $\mu$m line is only accounted for if we assume the presence of undepleted sulfur., Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
2024

2. PDRs4All VIII: Mid-IR emission line inventory of the Orion Bar

Author

Van De Putte, Dries, Meshaka, Raphael, Trahin, Boris, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Berné, Olivier, Alarcón, Felipe, Canin, Amélie, Chown, Ryan, Schroetter, Ilane, Sidhu, Ameek, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Dartois, Emmanuel, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Onaka, Takashi, Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., Verstraete, Laurent, Wolfire, Mark G., Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Cami, Jan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Joblin, Christine, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Gal, Romane Le, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Okada, Yoko, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Tabone, Benoit, Vicente, Sílvia, Zannese, Marion, Colgan, Sean W. J., He, Jinhua, Rouillé, Gaël, Togi, Aditya, Aleman, Isabel, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Bejaoui, Salma, Bera, Partha P., Black, John H., Boulanger, Francois, Bouwman, Jordy, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Cernicharo, Jose, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L. J., Demyk, Karine, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gerin, Maryvonne, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Hartigan, Patrick, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Issa, Lina, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kannavou, Olga, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Klaassen, Pamela, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S. -Y., Floch, Bertrand Le, Petit, Franck Le, Li, Aigen, Linz, Hendrik, Mackie, Cameron J., Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Morse, Jon A., Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Omont, Alain, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Rho, Jeonghee, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roser, Joseph, Roueff, Evelyne, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Witt, Adolf N., Wootten, Alwyn, Ysard, Nathalie, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., and Zhen, Junfeng

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Mid-infrared emission features probe the properties of ionized gas, and hot or warm molecular gas. The Orion Bar is a frequently studied photodissociation region (PDR) containing large amounts of gas under these conditions, and was observed with the MIRI IFU aboard JWST as part of the "PDRs4All" program. The resulting IR spectroscopic images of high angular resolution (0.2") reveal a rich observational inventory of mid-IR emission lines, and spatially resolve the substructure of the PDR, with a mosaic cutting perpendicularly across the ionization front and three dissociation fronts. We extracted five spectra that represent the ionized, atomic, and molecular gas layers, and measured the most prominent gas emission lines. An initial analysis summarizes the physical conditions of the gas and the potential of these data. We identified around 100 lines, report an additional 18 lines that remain unidentified, and measured the line intensities and central wavelengths. The H I recombination lines originating from the ionized gas layer bordering the PDR, have intensity ratios that are well matched by emissivity coefficients from H recombination theory, but deviate up to 10% due contamination by He I lines. We report the observed emission lines of various ionization stages of Ne, P, S, Cl, Ar, Fe, and Ni, and show how certain line ratios vary between the five regions. We observe the pure-rotational H$_2$ lines in the vibrational ground state from 0-0 S(1) to 0-0 S(8), and in the first vibrationally excited state from 1-1 S(5) to 1-1 S(9). We derive H$_2$ excitation diagrams, and approximate the excitation with one thermal (~700 K) component representative of an average gas temperature, and one non-thermal component (~2700 K) probing the effect of UV pumping. We compare these results to an existing model for the Orion Bar PDR and highlight the differences with the observations., Comment: 26 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables. Submitted to A&A, under review (1st revision)

Published
2024
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3. A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk

Author

Berné, Olivier, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Schroetter, Ilane, Canin, Amélie, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Bron, Emeric, Haworth, Thomas J., Klaassen, Pamela, Trahin, Boris, Van De Putte, Dries, Alarcón, Felipe, Zannese, Marion, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Cami, Jan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dartois, Emmanuel, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Gal, Romane Le, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Simmer, Thomas, Tabone, Benoit, Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Baruteau, Clément, Bejaoui, Salma, Bera, Partha P., Black, John H., Boulanger, Francois, Bouwman, Jordy, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Cernicharo, Jose, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L. J., Demyk, Karine, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Engrand, Cécile, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Godard, Marie, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Knight, Collin, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S. -Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Petit, Franck Le, Li, Aigen, Linz, Hendrik, Mackie, Cameron J., Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Morse, Jon A., Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouillé, Gaël, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shannon, Matthew J., Simonnin, Adrien, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, Witt, Adolf N., Wootten, Alwyn, Ysard, Nathalie, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., and Zhen, Junfeng

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Most low-mass stars form in stellar clusters that also contain massive stars, which are sources of far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation. Theoretical models predict that this FUV radiation produces photo-dissociation regions (PDRs) on the surfaces of protoplanetary disks around low-mass stars, impacting planet formation within the disks. We report JWST and Atacama Large Millimetere Array observations of a FUV-irradiated protoplanetary disk in the Orion Nebula. Emission lines are detected from the PDR; modelling their kinematics and excitation allows us to constrain the physical conditions within the gas. We quantify the mass-loss rate induced by the FUV irradiation, finding it is sufficient to remove gas from the disk in less than a million years. This is rapid enough to affect giant planet formation in the disk.

Published
2024

4. Formation of the Methyl Cation by Photochemistry in a Protoplanetary Disk

Author

Berné, Olivier, Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline, Schroetter, Ilane, Goicoechea, Javier R., Jacovella, Ugo, Gans, Bérenger, Dartois, Emmanuel, Coudert, Laurent, Bergin, Edwin, Alarcon, Felipe, Cami, Jan, Roueff, Evelyne, Black, John H., Asvany, Oskar, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Canin, Amelie, Trahin, Boris, Joblin, Christine, Schlemmer, Stephan, Thorwirth, Sven, Cernicharo, Jose, Gerin, Maryvonne, Tielens, Alexander, Zannese, Marion, Abergel, Alain, Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Chown, Ryan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Gal, Romane Le, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Sidhu, Ameek, Tabone, Benoit, Van De Putte, Dries, Vicente, Sílvia, and Wolfire, Mark G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Forty years ago it was proposed that gas phase organic chemistry in the interstellar medium was initiated by the methyl cation CH3+, but hitherto it has not been observed outside the Solar System. Alternative routes involving processes on grain surfaces have been invoked. Here we report JWST observations of CH3+ in a protoplanetary disk in the Orion star forming region. We find that gas-phase organic chemistry is activated by UV irradiation., Comment: Published in Nature

Published
2024
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5. OH as a probe of the warm water cycle in planet-forming disks

Author

Zannese, Marion, Tabone, Benoît, Habart, Emilie, Goicoechea, Javier R., Zanchet, Alexandre, van Dishoeck, Ewine F., van Hemert, Marc C., Black, John H., Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., Veselinova, A., Jambrina, P. G., Menendez, M., Verdasco, E., Aoiz, F. J., Gonzalez-Sanchez, L., Trahin, Boris, Dartois, Emmanuel, Berné, Olivier, Peeters, Els, He, Jinhua, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Schroetter, Ilane, Van De Putte, Dries, Canin, Amélie, Alarcón, Felipe, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Cami, Jan, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Gal, Romane Le, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Vicente, Sílvia, and Wolfire, Mark G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Water is a key ingredient for the emergence of life as we know it. Yet, its destruction and reformation in space remains unprobed in warm gas. Here, we detect the hydroxyl radical (OH) emission from a planet-forming disk exposed to external far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation with the James Webb Space Telescope. The observations are confronted with the results of quantum dynamical calculations. The highly excited OH infrared rotational lines are the tell-tale signs of H2O destruction by FUV. The OH infrared ro-vibrational lines are attributed to chemical excitation via the key reaction O+H=OH+H which seeds the formation of water in the gas-phase. We infer that the equivalent of the Earth ocean's worth of water is destroyed per month and replenished. These results show that under warm and irradiated conditions water is destroyed and efficiently reformed via gas-phase reactions. This process, assisted by diffusive transport, could reduce the HDO/H2O ratio in the warm regions of planet-forming disks., Comment: Version submitted to Nature Astronomy

Published
2023

6. PDRs4All III: JWST's NIR spectroscopic view of the Orion Bar

Author

Peeters, Els, Habart, Emilie, Berne, Olivier, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Van De Putte, Dries, Trahin, Boris, Schroetter, Ilane, Canin, Amelie, Alarcon, Felipe, Schefter, Bethany, Khan, Baria, Pasquini, Sofia, Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., Wolfire, Mark G., Dartois, Emmanuel, Goicoechea, Javier R., Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Onaka, Takashi, Pound, Marc W., Vicente, Silvia, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Cami, Jan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajour, Meriem, Fuente, Asuncion, Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Kannavou, Olga, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Gal, Romane Le, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Robberto, Massimo, Roellig, Markus, Schirmer, Thiebaut, Tabone, Benoit, Zannese, Marion, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Bejaoui, Salma, Bera, Partha P., Black, John H., Boulanger, Francois, Bouwman, Jordy, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brunken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Cazaux, Stephanie, Cernicharo, Jose, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L. J., Demyk, Karine, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Foschino, Sacha, Garcia-Lario, Pedro, Gerin, Maryvonne, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jager, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kaufman, Michael, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Klaassen, Pamela, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Alvaro, Lai, Thomas S. -Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Petit, Franck Le, Li, Aigen, Linz, Hendrik, Mackie, Cameron J., Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joelle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Misselt, Karl, Morse, Jon A., Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roser, Joseph, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouille, Gael, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, Witt, Adolf N., Wootten, Alwyn, Ysard, Nathalie, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., and Zhen, Junfeng

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

(Abridged) We investigate the impact of radiative feedback from massive stars on their natal cloud and focus on the transition from the HII region to the atomic PDR (crossing the ionisation front (IF)), and the subsequent transition to the molecular PDR (crossing the dissociation front (DF)). We use high-resolution near-IR integral field spectroscopic data from NIRSpec on JWST to observe the Orion Bar PDR as part of the PDRs4All JWST Early Release Science Program. The NIRSpec data reveal a forest of lines including, but not limited to, HeI, HI, and CI recombination lines, ionic lines, OI and NI fluorescence lines, Aromatic Infrared Bands (AIBs including aromatic CH, aliphatic CH, and their CD counterparts), CO2 ice, pure rotational and ro-vibrational lines from H2, and ro-vibrational lines HD, CO, and CH+, most of them detected for the first time towards a PDR. Their spatial distribution resolves the H and He ionisation structure in the Huygens region, gives insight into the geometry of the Bar, and confirms the large-scale stratification of PDRs. We observe numerous smaller scale structures whose typical size decreases with distance from Ori C and IR lines from CI, if solely arising from radiative recombination and cascade, reveal very high gas temperatures consistent with the hot irradiated surface of small-scale dense clumps deep inside the PDR. The H2 lines reveal multiple, prominent filaments which exhibit different characteristics. This leaves the impression of a "terraced" transition from the predominantly atomic surface region to the CO-rich molecular zone deeper in. This study showcases the discovery space created by JWST to further our understanding of the impact radiation from young stars has on their natal molecular cloud and proto-planetary disk, which touches on star- and planet formation as well as galaxy evolution., Comment: 52 pages, 30 figures, submitted to A&A

Published
2023
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7. PDRs4All II: JWST's NIR and MIR imaging view of the Orion Nebula

Author

Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Berné, Olivier, Trahin, Boris, Canin, Amélie, Chown, Ryan, Sidhu, Ameek, Van De Putte, Dries, Alarcón, Felipe, Schroetter, Ilane, Dartois, Emmanuel, Vicente, Sílvia, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Cami, Jan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Gal, Romane Le, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Tabone, Benoit, Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., Wolfire, Mark G., Zannese, Marion, Ysard, Nathalie, Miville-Deschenes, Marc-Antoine, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Bejaoui, Salma, Bera, Partha P., Black, John H., Boulanger, Francois, Bouwman, Jordy, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, rew, Candian, Alessandra, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Cernicharo, Jose, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L. J., Demyk, Karine, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Klaassen, Pamela, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S. -Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Petit, Franck Le, Li, Aigen, Linz, Hendrik, Mackie, Cameron J., Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Misselt, Karl, Morse, Jon A., Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Omont, Alain, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roser, Joseph, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouillé, Gaël, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, Witt, Adolf N., Wootten, Alwyn, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., and Zhen, Junfeng

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The JWST has captured the most detailed and sharpest infrared images ever taken of the inner region of the Orion Nebula, the nearest massive star formation region, and a prototypical highly irradiated dense photo-dissociation region (PDR). We investigate the fundamental interaction of far-ultraviolet photons with molecular clouds. The transitions across the ionization front (IF), dissociation front (DF), and the molecular cloud are studied at high-angular resolution. These transitions are relevant to understanding the effects of radiative feedback from massive stars and the dominant physical and chemical processes that lead to the IR emission that JWST will detect in many Galactic and extragalactic environments. Due to the proximity of the Orion Nebula and the unprecedented angular resolution of JWST, these data reveal that the molecular cloud borders are hyper structured at small angular scales of 0.1-1" (0.0002-0.002 pc or 40-400 au at 414 pc). A diverse set of features are observed such as ridges, waves, globules and photoevaporated protoplanetary disks. At the PDR atomic to molecular transition, several bright features are detected that are associated with the highly irradiated surroundings of the dense molecular condensations and embedded young star. Toward the Orion Bar PDR, a highly sculpted interface is detected with sharp edges and density increases near the IF and DF. This was predicted by previous modeling studies, but the fronts were unresolved in most tracers. A complex, structured, and folded DF surface was traced by the H2 lines. This dataset was used to revisit the commonly adopted 2D PDR structure of the Orion Bar. JWST provides us with a complete view of the PDR, all the way from the PDR edge to the substructured dense region, and this allowed us to determine, in detail, where the emission of the atomic and molecular lines, aromatic bands, and dust originate.

Published
2023
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8. PDRs4All IV. An embarrassment of riches: Aromatic infrared bands in the Orion Bar

Author

Chown, Ryan, Sidhu, Ameek, Peeters, Els, Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., Cami, Jan, Berné, Olivier, Habart, Emilie, Alarcón, Felipe, Canin, Amélie, Schroetter, Ilane, Trahin, Boris, Van De Putte, Dries, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Cuadrado, Sara, Dartois, Emmanuel, Dicken, Daniel, El-Yajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Gal, Romane Le, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Zannese, Marion, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Bejaoui, Salma, Bera, Partha P., Black, John H., Boulanger, Francois, Bouwman, Jordy, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Cernicharo, Jose, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L. J., Demyk, Karine, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Klaassen, Pamela, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S. -Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Petit, Franck Le, Li, Aigen, Linz, Hendrik, Mackie, Cameron J., Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Misselt, Karl, Morse, Jon A., Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Omont, Alain, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roser, Joseph, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouillé, Gaël, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, Witt, Adolf N., Wootten, Alwyn, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., and Zhen, Junfeng

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

(Abridged) Mid-infrared observations of photodissociation regions (PDRs) are dominated by strong emission features called aromatic infrared bands (AIBs). The most prominent AIBs are found at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.2 $\mu$m. The most sensitive, highest-resolution infrared spectral imaging data ever taken of the prototypical PDR, the Orion Bar, have been captured by JWST. We provide an inventory of the AIBs found in the Orion Bar, along with mid-IR template spectra from five distinct regions in the Bar: the molecular PDR, the atomic PDR, and the HII region. We use JWST NIRSpec IFU and MIRI MRS observations of the Orion Bar from the JWST Early Release Science Program, PDRs4All (ID: 1288). We extract five template spectra to represent the morphology and environment of the Orion Bar PDR. The superb sensitivity and the spectral and spatial resolution of these JWST observations reveal many details of the AIB emission and enable an improved characterization of their detailed profile shapes and sub-components. While the spectra are dominated by the well-known AIBs at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.2, and 12.7 $\mu$m, a wealth of weaker features and sub-components are present. We report trends in the widths and relative strengths of AIBs across the five template spectra. These trends yield valuable insight into the photochemical evolution of PAHs, such as the evolution responsible for the shift of 11.2 $\mu$m AIB emission from class B$_{11.2}$ in the molecular PDR to class A$_{11.2}$ in the PDR surface layers. This photochemical evolution is driven by the increased importance of FUV processing in the PDR surface layers, resulting in a "weeding out" of the weakest links of the PAH family in these layers. For now, these JWST observations are consistent with a model in which the underlying PAH family is composed of a few species: the so-called 'grandPAHs'., Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures, to appear in A&A

Published
2023
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9. OH as a probe of the warm-water cycle in planet-forming disks

Author

Zannese, Marion, Tabone, Benoît, Habart, Emilie, Goicoechea, Javier R., Zanchet, Alexandre, van Dishoeck, Ewine F., van Hemert, Marc C., Black, John H., Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., Veselinova, A., Jambrina, P. G., Menendez, M., Verdasco, E., Aoiz, F. J., Gonzalez-Sanchez, L., Trahin, Boris, Dartois, Emmanuel, Berné, Olivier, Peeters, Els, He, Jinhua, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Schroetter, Ilane, Van De Putte, Dries, Canin, Amélie, Alarcón, Felipe, Abergel, Alain, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Cami, Jan, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Languignon, David, Le Gal, Romane, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Vicente, Sílvia, and Wolfire, Mark G.

Published
2024
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10. OH mid-infrared emission as a diagnostic of H$_2$O UV photodissociation. II. Application to interstellar PDRs

Author

Zannese, Marion, Tabone, Benoît, Habart, Emilie, Petit, Franck Le, van Dishoeck, Ewine F., and Bron, Emeric

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Water photodissociation in the 114 - 144 nm UV range forms excited OH which emits at mid-infrared wavelengths via highly excited rotational lines. These lines have only been detected with Spitzer in several proto-planetary disks and shocks. Previous studies have shown they are a unique diagnostic for water photodissociation. Thanks to its high sensitivity and angular resolution, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) could be able to detect them in other environments such as interstellar Photo-Dissociation Regions (PDRs). In order to predict the emerging spectrum of OH, we use the Meudon PDR Code to compute the thermal and chemical structure of PDRs. The influence of thermal pressure ($P_{\rm th}/k$ = $n_{\rm H} T_{\rm K}$) and UV field strength on the integrated intensities, as well as their detectability with the JWST are studied in details. OH mid-IR emission is predicted to originate very close to the H$^0$/H$_2$ transition and is directly proportional to the column density of water photodissociated in that layer. Because neutral gas-phase formation of water requires relatively high temperatures ($T_{\rm K} \gtrsim 300~$K), the resulting OH mid-IR lines are primarily correlated with the temperature at this position, and are therefore brighter in regions with high pressure. This implies that these lines are predicted to be only detectable in strongly irradiated PDRs ($G_0^{\rm incident}$ $>$ 10$^3$) with high thermal pressure ($P_{\rm th}/k$ $\gtrsim$ 5$\times$10$^7$ K cm$^{-3}$). In the latter case, OH mid-IR lines are less dependent on the strength of the incident UV field. The detection in PDRs like the Orion bar, which should be possible, is also investigated. To conclude, OH mid-IR lines observable by JWST are a promising diagnostics for dense and strongly irradiated PDRs., Comment: Accepted on the 17/10/2022 by Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)

Published
2022
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11. PDRs4All. VIII. Mid-infrared emission line inventory of the Orion Bar

Author

Van De Putte, Dries, primary, Meshaka, Raphael, additional, Trahin, Boris, additional, Habart, Emilie, additional, Peeters, Els, additional, Berné, Olivier, additional, Alarcón, Felipe, additional, Canin, Amélie, additional, Chown, Ryan, additional, Schroetter, Ilane, additional, Sidhu, Ameek, additional, Boersma, Christiaan, additional, Bron, Emeric, additional, Dartois, Emmanuel, additional, Javier Goicoechea, R., additional, Karl Gordon, D., additional, Onaka, Takashi, additional, Alexander Tielens, G.M., additional, Verstraete, Laurent, additional, Mark Wolfire, G., additional, Abergel, Alain, additional, Edwin Bergin, A., additional, Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, additional, Cami, Jan, additional, Cuadrado, Sara, additional, Dicken, Daniel, additional, Elyajouri, Meriem, additional, Fuente, Asunción, additional, Joblin, Christine, additional, Khan, Baria, additional, Lacinbala, Ozan, additional, Languignon, David, additional, Le Gal, Romane, additional, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, additional, Okada, Yoko, additional, Pasquini, Sofia, additional, Marc Pound, W., additional, Robberto, Massimo, additional, Röllig, Markus, additional, Schefter, Bethany, additional, Schirmer, Thiébaut, additional, Tabone, Benoit, additional, Vicente, Sílvia, additional, Zannese, Marion, additional, Sean Colgan, W.J., additional, He, Jinhua, additional, Rouillé, Gaël, additional, Togi, Aditya, additional, Aleman, Isabel, additional, Auchettl, Rebecca, additional, Antonio Baratta, Giuseppe, additional, Bejaoui, Salma, additional, Partha Bera, P., additional, John Black, H., additional, Boulanger, Francois, additional, Bouwman, Jordy, additional, Brandl, Bernhard, additional, Brechignac, Philippe, additional, Brünken, Sandra, additional, Buragohain, Mridusmita, additional, Burkhardt, Andrew, additional, Candian, Alessandra, additional, Cazaux, Stéphanie, additional, Cernicharo, Jose, additional, Chabot, Marin, additional, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, additional, Champion, Jason, additional, Ilsa Cooke, R., additional, Coutens, Audrey, additional, Nick Cox, L.J., additional, Demyk, Karine, additional, Donovan Meyer, Jennifer, additional, Foschino, Sacha, additional, García-Lario, Pedro, additional, Gerin, Maryvonne, additional, Carl Gottlieb, A., additional, Guillard, Pierre, additional, Gusdorf, Antoine, additional, Hartigan, Patrick, additional, Herbst, Eric, additional, Hornekaer, Liv, additional, Issa, Lina, additional, Jäger, Cornelia, additional, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, additional, Kannavou, Olga, additional, Kaufman, Michael, additional, Kemper, Francisca, additional, Kendrew, Sarah, additional, Maria Kirsanova, S., additional, Klaassen, Pamela, additional, Kwok, Sun, additional, Labiano, Álvaro, additional, Lai, Thomas S.-Y., additional, Le Floch, Bertrand, additional, Le Petit, Franck, additional, Li, Aigen, additional, Linz, Hendrik, additional, Cameron Mackie, J., additional, Suzanne Madden, C., additional, Mascetti, Joëlle, additional, Brett McGuire, A., additional, Merino, Pablo, additional, Elisabetta Micelotta, R., additional, Jon Morse, A., additional, Mulas, Giacomo, additional, Neelamkodan, Naslim, additional, Ohsawa, Ryou, additional, Omont, Alain, additional, Paladini, Roberta, additional, Elisabetta Palumbo, Maria, additional, Pathak, Amit, additional, Yvonne Pendleton, J., additional, Petrignani, Annemieke, additional, Pino, Thomas, additional, Puga, Elena, additional, Rangwala, Naseem, additional, Rapacioli, Mathias, additional, Rho, Jeonghee, additional, Ricca, Alessandra, additional, Roman-Duval, Julia, additional, Roser, Joseph, additional, Roueff, Evelyne, additional, Salama, Farid, additional, Dinalva Sales, A., additional, Sandstrom, Karin, additional, Sarre, Peter, additional, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, additional, Sellgren, Kris, additional, Sachindev Shenoy, S., additional, Teyssier, David, additional, Richard Thomas, D., additional, Adolf Witt, N., additional, Wootten, Alwyn, additional, Ysard, Nathalie, additional, Zettergren, Henning, additional, Zhang, Yong, additional, Ziwei Zhang, E., additional, and Zhen, Junfeng, additional

Published
2024
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12. PDRs4All

Author

Peeters, Els, primary, Habart, Emilie, additional, Berné, Olivier, additional, Sidhu, Ameek, additional, Chown, Ryan, additional, Van De Putte, Dries, additional, Trahin, Boris, additional, Schroetter, Ilane, additional, Canin, Amélie, additional, Alarcón, Felipe, additional, Schefter, Bethany, additional, Khan, Baria, additional, Pasquini, Sofia, additional, Tielens, Alexander G. G. M., additional, Wolfire, Mark G., additional, Dartois, Emmanuel, additional, Goicoechea, Javier R., additional, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, additional, Onaka, Takashi, additional, Pound, Marc W., additional, Vicente, Sílvia, additional, Abergel, Alain, additional, Bergin, Edwin A., additional, Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, additional, Boersma, Christiaan, additional, Bron, Emeric, additional, Cami, Jan, additional, Cuadrado, Sara, additional, Dicken, Daniel, additional, Elyajouri, Meriem, additional, Fuente, Asunción, additional, Gordon, Karl D., additional, Issa, Lina, additional, Joblin, Christine, additional, Kannavou, Olga, additional, Lacinbala, Ozan, additional, Languignon, David, additional, Le Gal, Romane, additional, Meshaka, Raphael, additional, Okada, Yoko, additional, Robberto, Massimo, additional, Röllig, Markus, additional, Schirmer, Thiébaut, additional, Tabone, Benoit, additional, Zannese, Marion, additional, Aleman, Isabel, additional, Allamandola, Louis, additional, Auchettl, Rebecca, additional, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, additional, Bejaoui, Salma, additional, Bera, Partha P., additional, Black, John H., additional, Boulanger, Francois, additional, Bouwman, Jordy, additional, Brandl, Bernhard, additional, Brechignac, Philippe, additional, Brünken, Sandra, additional, Buragohain, Mridusmita, additional, Burkhardt, Andrew, additional, Candian, Alessandra, additional, Cazaux, Stéphanie, additional, Cernicharo, Jose, additional, Chabot, Marin, additional, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, additional, Champion, Jason, additional, Colgan, Sean W. J., additional, Cooke, Ilsa R., additional, Coutens, Audrey, additional, Cox, Nick L. J., additional, Demyk, Karine, additional, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, additional, Foschino, Sacha, additional, García-Lario, Pedro, additional, Gerin, Maryvonne, additional, Gottlieb, Carl A., additional, Guillard, Pierre, additional, Gusdorf, Antoine, additional, Hartigan, Patrick, additional, He, Jinhua, additional, Herbst, Eric, additional, Hornekaer, Liv, additional, Jäger, Cornelia, additional, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, additional, Kaufman, Michael, additional, Kendrew, Sarah, additional, Kirsanova, Maria S., additional, Klaassen, Pamela, additional, Kwok, Sun, additional, Labiano, Álvaro, additional, Lai, Thomas S.-Y., additional, Lee, Timothy J., additional, Lefloch, Bertrand, additional, Le Petit, Franck, additional, Li, Aigen, additional, Linz, Hendrik, additional, Mackie, Cameron J., additional, Madden, Suzanne C., additional, Mascetti, Joëlle, additional, McGuire, Brett A., additional, Merino, Pablo, additional, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., additional, Misselt, Karl, additional, Morse, Jon A., additional, Mulas, Giacomo, additional, Neelamkodan, Naslim, additional, Ohsawa, Ryou, additional, Paladini, Roberta, additional, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, additional, Pathak, Amit, additional, Pendleton, Yvonne J., additional, Petrignani, Annemieke, additional, Pino, Thomas, additional, Puga, Elena, additional, Rangwala, Naseem, additional, Rapacioli, Mathias, additional, Ricca, Alessandra, additional, Roman-Duval, Julia, additional, Roser, Joseph, additional, Roueff, Evelyne, additional, Rouillé, Gaël, additional, Salama, Farid, additional, Sales, Dinalva A., additional, Sandstrom, Karin, additional, Sarre, Peter, additional, Sciamma-O’Brien, Ella, additional, Sellgren, Kris, additional, Shenoy, Sachindev S., additional, Teyssier, David, additional, Thomas, Richard D., additional, Togi, Aditya, additional, Verstraete, Laurent, additional, Witt, Adolf N., additional, Wootten, Alwyn, additional, Ysard, Nathalie, additional, Zettergren, Henning, additional, Zhang, Yong, additional, Zhang, Ziwei E., additional, and Zhen, Junfeng, additional

Published
2024
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13. PDRs4All. IX. Sulfur elemental abundance in the Orion Bar

Author

Fuente, Asunción, primary, Roueff, Evelyne, additional, Le Petit, Franck, additional, Le Bourlot, Jacques, additional, Bron, Emeric, additional, Mark Wolfire, G., additional, James Babb, F., additional, Yan, Pei-Gen, additional, Onaka, Takashi, additional, John Black, H., additional, Schroetter, Ilane, additional, Van De Putte, Dries, additional, Sidhu, Ameek, additional, Canin, Amélie, additional, Trahin, Boris, additional, Alarcón, Felipe, additional, Chown, Ryan, additional, Kannavou, Olga, additional, Berné, Olivier, additional, Habart, Emilie, additional, Peeters, Els, additional, Javier Goicoechea, R., additional, Zannese, Marion, additional, Meshaka, Raphael, additional, Okada, Yoko, additional, Röllig, Markus, additional, Le Gal, Romane, additional, Dinalva Sales, A., additional, Elisabetta Palumbo, Maria, additional, Antonio Baratta, Giuseppe, additional, Suzanne Madden, C., additional, Neelamkodan, Naslim, additional, Ziwei Zhang, E., additional, and Stancil, P.C., additional

Published
2024
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14. A far-ultraviolet-driven photoevaporation flow observed in a protoplanetary disk

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut Universitaire de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Canadian Space Agency, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, San Jose State University Research Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Royal Society (UK), United Arab Emirates University, National Natural Science Foundation of China, German Research Foundation, Department of Science and Technology (India), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, Swedish Research Council, #NODATA#, Berné, Olivier, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Schroetter, Ilane, Canin, Amélie, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Bron, Emeric, Haworth, Thomas J., Klaassen, Pamela, Trahin, Boris, Abergel, Alain, Wootten, Alwyn, Ysard, Nathalie, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., Zhen, Junfeng, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bera, Partha P., Cami, Jan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dartois, Emmanuel, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Black, John H, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Le Gal, Romane, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Boulanger, Francois, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Simmer, Thomas, Tabone, Benoit, Tielens, Alexander G. G.M., Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Bouwman, Jordy, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Baruteau, Clément, Bejaoui, Salma, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Le Petit, Franck, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Cernicharo, José, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L J, Demyk, Karine, Li, Aigen, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Engrand, Cécile, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Godard, Marie, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Linz, Hendrik, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Mackie, Cameron J., Knight, Collin, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S.-Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Morse, Jon A., Van De Putte, Dries, Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Alarcón, Felipe, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouillé, Gaël, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Zannese, Marion, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shannon, Matthew J., Simonnin, Adrien, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, Witt, Adolf N., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut Universitaire de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Canadian Space Agency, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, San Jose State University Research Foundation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Royal Society (UK), United Arab Emirates University, National Natural Science Foundation of China, German Research Foundation, Department of Science and Technology (India), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, Swedish Research Council, #NODATA#, Berné, Olivier, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Schroetter, Ilane, Canin, Amélie, Sidhu, Ameek, Chown, Ryan, Bron, Emeric, Haworth, Thomas J., Klaassen, Pamela, Trahin, Boris, Abergel, Alain, Wootten, Alwyn, Ysard, Nathalie, Zettergren, Henning, Zhang, Yong, Zhang, Ziwei E., Zhen, Junfeng, Bergin, Edwin A., Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bera, Partha P., Cami, Jan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dartois, Emmanuel, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Goicoechea, Javier R., Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Joblin, Christine, Black, John H, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Le Gal, Romane, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Boulanger, Francois, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Simmer, Thomas, Tabone, Benoit, Tielens, Alexander G. G.M., Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Bouwman, Jordy, Aleman, Isabel, Allamandola, Louis, Auchettl, Rebecca, Baratta, Giuseppe Antonio, Baruteau, Clément, Bejaoui, Salma, Brandl, Bernhard, Brechignac, Philippe, Brünken, Sandra, Buragohain, Mridusmita, Burkhardt, Andrew, Candian, Alessandra, Le Petit, Franck, Cazaux, Stéphanie, Cernicharo, José, Chabot, Marin, Chakraborty, Shubhadip, Champion, Jason, Colgan, Sean W. J., Cooke, Ilsa R., Coutens, Audrey, Cox, Nick L J, Demyk, Karine, Li, Aigen, Meyer, Jennifer Donovan, Engrand, Cécile, Foschino, Sacha, García-Lario, Pedro, Gavilan, Lisseth, Gerin, Maryvonne, Godard, Marie, Gottlieb, Carl A., Guillard, Pierre, Gusdorf, Antoine, Linz, Hendrik, Hartigan, Patrick, He, Jinhua, Herbst, Eric, Hornekaer, Liv, Jäger, Cornelia, Janot-Pacheco, Eduardo, Kaufman, Michael, Kemper, Francisca, Kendrew, Sarah, Kirsanova, Maria S., Mackie, Cameron J., Knight, Collin, Kwok, Sun, Labiano, Álvaro, Lai, Thomas S.-Y., Lee, Timothy J., Lefloch, Bertrand, Madden, Suzanne C., Mascetti, Joëlle, McGuire, Brett A., Merino, Pablo, Micelotta, Elisabetta R., Morse, Jon A., Van De Putte, Dries, Mulas, Giacomo, Neelamkodan, Naslim, Ohsawa, Ryou, Paladini, Roberta, Palumbo, Maria Elisabetta, Pathak, Amit, Pendleton, Yvonne J., Petrignani, Annemieke, Pino, Thomas, Puga, Elena, Alarcón, Felipe, Rangwala, Naseem, Rapacioli, Mathias, Ricca, Alessandra, Roman-Duval, Julia, Roueff, Evelyne, Rouillé, Gaël, Salama, Farid, Sales, Dinalva A., Sandstrom, Karin, Sarre, Peter, Zannese, Marion, Sciamma-O'Brien, Ella, Sellgren, Kris, Shannon, Matthew J., Simonnin, Adrien, Shenoy, Sachindev S., Teyssier, David, Thomas, Richard D., Togi, Aditya, Verstraete, Laurent, and Witt, Adolf N.

Abstract

Most low-mass stars form in stellar clusters that also contain massive stars, which are sources of far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation. Theoretical models predict that this FUV radiation produces photodissociation regions (PDRs) on the surfaces of protoplanetary disks around low-mass stars, which affects planet formation within the disks. We report James Webb Space Telescope and Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations of a FUV-irradiated protoplanetary disk in the Orion Nebula. Emission lines are detected from the PDR; modeling their kinematics and excitation allowed us to constrain the physical conditions within the gas. We quantified the mass-loss rate induced by the FUV irradiation and found that it is sufficient to remove gas from the disk in less than a million years. This is rapid enough to affect giant planet formation in the disk.

Published
2024

15. Formation of the methyl cation by photochemistry in a protoplanetary disk

Author

Berné, Olivier, primary, Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline, additional, Schroetter, Ilane, additional, Goicoechea, Javier R., additional, Jacovella, Ugo, additional, Gans, Bérenger, additional, Dartois, Emmanuel, additional, Coudert, Laurent H., additional, Bergin, Edwin, additional, Alarcon, Felipe, additional, Cami, Jan, additional, Roueff, Evelyne, additional, Black, John H., additional, Asvany, Oskar, additional, Habart, Emilie, additional, Peeters, Els, additional, Canin, Amelie, additional, Trahin, Boris, additional, Joblin, Christine, additional, Schlemmer, Stephan, additional, Thorwirth, Sven, additional, Cernicharo, Jose, additional, Gerin, Maryvonne, additional, Tielens, Alexander, additional, Zannese, Marion, additional, Abergel, Alain, additional, Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, additional, Boersma, Christiaan, additional, Bron, Emeric, additional, Chown, Ryan, additional, Cuadrado, Sara, additional, Dicken, Daniel, additional, Elyajouri, Meriem, additional, Fuente, Asunción, additional, Gordon, Karl D., additional, Issa, Lina, additional, Kannavou, Olga, additional, Khan, Baria, additional, Lacinbala, Ozan, additional, Languignon, David, additional, Le Gal, Romane, additional, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, additional, Meshaka, Raphael, additional, Okada, Yoko, additional, Onaka, Takashi, additional, Pasquini, Sofia, additional, Pound, Marc W., additional, Robberto, Massimo, additional, Röllig, Markus, additional, Schefter, Bethany, additional, Schirmer, Thiébaut, additional, Sidhu, Ameek, additional, Tabone, Benoit, additional, Van De Putte, Dries, additional, Vicente, Sílvia, additional, and Wolfire, Mark G., additional

Published
2023
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16. Formation of the methyl cation by photochemistry in a protoplanetary disk

Author

Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), University of Ontario, Canadian Space Agency, National Research Council of Canada, German Research Foundation, European Commission, San Jose State University Research Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Berné, Olivier [0000-0002-1686-8395], Martin-Drumel, Marie Aline [0000-0002-5460-4294], Schroetter, Ilane [0000-0002-1099-7401], Goicoechea, Javier R. [0000-0001-7046-4319], Jacovella, Ugo [0000-0003-2152-261X], Gans, Bérenger [0000-0001-9658-2436], Dartois, Emmanuel [0000-0003-1197-7143], Coudert, Laurent H. [0000-0003-0498-6957], Bergin, Edwin [0000-0003-4179-6394], #NODATA#, Cami, Jan [0000-0002-2666-9234], Roueff, Evelyne [0000-0002-4949-8562], Black, John H. [0000-0001-7221-7207], Asvany, Oskar [0000-0003-2995-0803], Peeters, Els [0000-0002-2541-1602], Canin, Amelie [0000-0002-7830-6363], Trahin, Boris [0000-0001-5875-5340], Joblin, Christine [0000-0003-1561-6118], Schlemmer, Stephan [0000-0002-1421-7281], Cernicharo, José [0000-0002-3518-2524], Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo [0000-0002-8452-8675], Boersma, Christiaan [0000-0002-4836-217X], Cuadrado, Sara [0000-0002-7393-1813], Dicken, Daniel [0000-0003-0589-5969], Elyajouri, Meriem [0000-0002-6086-2337], Fuente, Asunción [0000-0001-6317-6343], Le Gal, Romane [0000-0003-1837-3772], Okada, Yoko [0000-0002-6838-6435], Onaka, Takashi [0000-0002-8234-6747], Pound, Marc W. [0000-0002-7269-342X], Röllig, Markus [0000-0001-6205-2242], Schefter, Bethany [0000-0001-5080-8030], Tabone, Benoit [0000-0002-1103-3225], Van De Putte, Dries [0000-0002-5895-8268], Vicente, Sílvia [0000-0001-8973-0752], Berné, Olivier, Martin-Drumel, Marie Aline, Schroetter, Ilane, Goicoechea, Javier R., Jacovella, Ugo, Gans, Bérenger, Dartois, Emmanuel, Coudert, Laurent H., Bergin, Edwin, Alarcon, Felipe, Cami, Jan, Roueff, Evelyne, Black, John H., Asvany, Oskar, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Canin, Amelie, Trahin, Boris, Joblin, Christine, Schlemmer, Stephan, Thorwirth, Sven, Cernicharo, José, Gerin, Maryvonne, Tielens, Alexander, Zannese, Marion, Abergel, Alain, Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Chown, Ryan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Le Gal, Romane, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Sidhu, Ameek, Tabone, Benoit, Van De Putte, Dries, Vicente, Sílvia, Wolfire, Mark G., Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), University of Ontario, Canadian Space Agency, National Research Council of Canada, German Research Foundation, European Commission, San Jose State University Research Foundation, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Berné, Olivier [0000-0002-1686-8395], Martin-Drumel, Marie Aline [0000-0002-5460-4294], Schroetter, Ilane [0000-0002-1099-7401], Goicoechea, Javier R. [0000-0001-7046-4319], Jacovella, Ugo [0000-0003-2152-261X], Gans, Bérenger [0000-0001-9658-2436], Dartois, Emmanuel [0000-0003-1197-7143], Coudert, Laurent H. [0000-0003-0498-6957], Bergin, Edwin [0000-0003-4179-6394], #NODATA#, Cami, Jan [0000-0002-2666-9234], Roueff, Evelyne [0000-0002-4949-8562], Black, John H. [0000-0001-7221-7207], Asvany, Oskar [0000-0003-2995-0803], Peeters, Els [0000-0002-2541-1602], Canin, Amelie [0000-0002-7830-6363], Trahin, Boris [0000-0001-5875-5340], Joblin, Christine [0000-0003-1561-6118], Schlemmer, Stephan [0000-0002-1421-7281], Cernicharo, José [0000-0002-3518-2524], Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo [0000-0002-8452-8675], Boersma, Christiaan [0000-0002-4836-217X], Cuadrado, Sara [0000-0002-7393-1813], Dicken, Daniel [0000-0003-0589-5969], Elyajouri, Meriem [0000-0002-6086-2337], Fuente, Asunción [0000-0001-6317-6343], Le Gal, Romane [0000-0003-1837-3772], Okada, Yoko [0000-0002-6838-6435], Onaka, Takashi [0000-0002-8234-6747], Pound, Marc W. [0000-0002-7269-342X], Röllig, Markus [0000-0001-6205-2242], Schefter, Bethany [0000-0001-5080-8030], Tabone, Benoit [0000-0002-1103-3225], Van De Putte, Dries [0000-0002-5895-8268], Vicente, Sílvia [0000-0001-8973-0752], Berné, Olivier, Martin-Drumel, Marie Aline, Schroetter, Ilane, Goicoechea, Javier R., Jacovella, Ugo, Gans, Bérenger, Dartois, Emmanuel, Coudert, Laurent H., Bergin, Edwin, Alarcon, Felipe, Cami, Jan, Roueff, Evelyne, Black, John H., Asvany, Oskar, Habart, Emilie, Peeters, Els, Canin, Amelie, Trahin, Boris, Joblin, Christine, Schlemmer, Stephan, Thorwirth, Sven, Cernicharo, José, Gerin, Maryvonne, Tielens, Alexander, Zannese, Marion, Abergel, Alain, Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo, Boersma, Christiaan, Bron, Emeric, Chown, Ryan, Cuadrado, Sara, Dicken, Daniel, Elyajouri, Meriem, Fuente, Asunción, Gordon, Karl D., Issa, Lina, Kannavou, Olga, Khan, Baria, Lacinbala, Ozan, Languignon, David, Le Gal, Romane, Maragkoudakis, Alexandros, Meshaka, Raphael, Okada, Yoko, Onaka, Takashi, Pasquini, Sofia, Pound, Marc W., Robberto, Massimo, Röllig, Markus, Schefter, Bethany, Schirmer, Thiébaut, Sidhu, Ameek, Tabone, Benoit, Van De Putte, Dries, Vicente, Sílvia, and Wolfire, Mark G.

Abstract

Forty years ago, it was proposed that gas-phase organic chemistry in the interstellar medium can be initiated by the methyl cation CH3+ (refs. 1–3), but so far it has not been observed outside the Solar System 4,5. Alternative routes involving processes on grain surfaces have been invoked 6,7. Here we report James Webb Space Telescope observations of CH3+ in a protoplanetary disk in the Orion star-forming region. We find that gas-phase organic chemistry is activated by ultraviolet irradiation.

Published
2023

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