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Tongming Zhu,1,&ast; Junyan Fu,2,&ast; Di Zang,1,3,&ast; Zhe Wang,1,4,&ast; Xiangru Ye,1 Xuehai Wu,1 Jin Hu1 1Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Key Laboratory for Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Regeneration, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College-Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiology, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Medical Imaging Technology, SJTU-Ruijin-UIH Institute for Medical Imaging Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xuehai Wu; Jin Hu, Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, No. 12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, Email wuxuehai2013@163.com; hujin@fudan.edu.cnBackground: The effect of Ommaya reservoirs on the clinical outcomes of patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) remains unclear.Objective: We aimed to determine the effect of combining the Ommaya reservoir and external ventricular drainage (EVD) therapy on IVH and explore better clinical indicators for Ommaya implantation.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with IVH who received EVD-Ommaya drainage between January 2013 and March 2021. The patient population was divided into two groups: the Ommaya-used group, comprising patients in whom the Ommaya drainage system was activated post-surgery, and the Ommaya-unused group, comprising patients in whom the system was not activated. The study analyzed clinical, imaging, and outcome data of the patient population.Results: A total of 123 patients with IVH were included: 75 patients in the Ommaya-used group and 48 patients in the Ommaya-unused group. The patients in the Ommaya-used group showed a lower 3-month GOS than those in the Ommaya-unused group (p< 0.0001). The modified Graeb scale (mGS) in the Ommaya-unused group was significantly lower than that in the Ommaya-used group before the operation (p< 0.01) but not after surgery (p> 0.05). The GCS in the Ommaya-unused group was significantly lower than that in the other group, and there was a close correlation between the GCS and 3-month GOS (p< 0.0001). The GCS score showed significance in predicting the use of Ommaya (p< 0.001).Conclusion: The study demonstrated that combining EVD and Ommaya drainage was a safe and feasible treatment for IVH. Additionally, preoperative GCS was found to predict the use of Ommaya drainage in subsequent treatment, providing valuable information for pre-surgery decision-making.Keywords: intraventricular hemorrhage, Ommaya, external ventricular drainage

Xiaoxia Ding, Yu Wang, Bo Zou, Dongxiao Zang, Yi Hao Department of Ophthalmology, Fushun Eye Hospital, Fushun, Liaoning, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiaoxia Ding, Fushun Eye Hospital, No. 1 Hupo Street, Xinfu District, Fushun, 113008, People’s Republic of China, Email 791151967@qq.comObjective: To evaluate the efficacy on best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and microvascular structure changes of conbercept intravitreal injection for the treatment of macular edema (ME) secondary to different types of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and to explore the baseline OCTA parameters which were related to the change of BCVA and CRT after the intravitreal conbercept injection to RVO.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted involving 67 eyes from 67 patients who were diagnosed with ME secondary to RVO between April 2019 to December 2020. The subjects were divided into branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) according to the involved vessel, subsequently the subjects received intravitreal conbercept treatment. The BCVA and fundus microstructure were measured to identify predictors of effective outcomes.Results: BCVA, central retinal thickness (CRT), fovea avascular zone (FAZ), and foveal vascular density (FVD) in superficial capillary plexus (SCP) were significantly changed from baseline to 6-month follow-up in both CRVO and BRVO. In the BRVO group, age and baseline BCVA were correlated with changes of BCVA, while the baseline CRT, FVD in the DCP, and parafovea vascular density (PFVD) in DCP were associated with changes of CRT (P< 0.05). In the CRVO group, the baseline BCVA was correlated with changes of BCVA, while age, gender, baseline CRT, FVD in DCP, and PFVD in DCP were associated with changes of CRT (P< 0.05). There were no serious adverse events (SAEs) related to the drug or the injection procedure.Conclusion: Intravitreal injections of conbercept can improve BCVA and CRT and change the FVD in SCP effectively both in BRVO and CRVO groups. In addition, the baseline FVD and PFVD in the DCP were related to the change of CRT after intravitreal conbercept treatment.Keywords: conbercept, retinal vein occlusion, macular edema, microvascular structure, best-corrected visual acuity

Xiantao Zhang,1,&ast; Bibo Liu,1,&ast; Difan Zang,1 Yilu Li,1 Shuiyuan Xiao,1 Yu Yu1,2 1Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China; 2Division of Prevention and Community Research, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yu Yu, Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Upper Mayuanlin Road 238, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China, Tel +1 2037459531, Email yu.yu@yale.eduPurpose: This study examines the preferences for WeChat-based and hospital-based family intervention among caregivers of people living with schizophrenia (PLS) and identify correlates associated with these preferences.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 449 family caregivers of PLS. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect information on socio-demographics, preferences for WeChat-based and hospital-based family intervention, social support, and coping.Results: Over 72.16% of participants endorsed hospital-based family intervention, while 50.11% endorsed WeChat-based family intervention. Endorsement of WeChat-based family intervention was associated with younger age (OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.79), WeChat use (OR=12.90, 95% CI: 7.48, 22.23), and higher social support (OR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04). Endorsement of hospital-based family intervention was associated with lower education (OR=0.19– 0.37, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.66) and WeChat use (OR=3.27, 95% CI: 1.91, 5.59).Conclusion: The studies showed a higher endorsement rate for hospital-based family intervention than WeChat-based family intervention and provide implications for developing targeted family intervention programs based on participants’ own unique characteristics.Keywords: preference, WeChat, caregiving, schizophrenia

Xiaoxia Ding,1 Shisong Rong,2 Yu Wang,1 Dong Li,1 Liang Wen,1 Bo Zou,1 Dongxiao Zang,1 Kemi Feng,3 Yuanbo Liang,3 Fenghua Wang,4 Gang Zhai1 1Department of Ophthalmology, Fushun Eye Hospital, Fushun, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; 3Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Eye Hospital, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Gang Zhai, Fushun Eye Hospital, No. 1 Hupo Street, Xinfu District, Fushun, Liaoning, 113008, People’s Republic of China, Email fsgangzhai@163.comAim: To report the prevalence of depression and its association with vision-related quality of life and social support in a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) population.Methods: Patients were recruited from a community-based study, Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study (FS-DIRECT), conducted between July 2012 and May 2013 in China. Depression was assessed using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Vision-related quality of life was evaluated using the Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25). Social support was captured with the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Generalized linear models were used to estimate the individual and joint association of VFQ-25 composite score (VFQCS) and SSRS score (SSRSS) with depression.Results: A total of 1618 subjects (60.9% female) aged 61.69 ± 8.72 years in an urban district of Jiangjun Street, Fushun City, Liaoning province, Northeast China from July 2012 to May 2013 were recruited, of which, 23.36% (95% CI: 21.30– 25.42%) were identified with depression. Every 14.1 increase in VFQ-25 composite score decreased the risk of depression by half (OR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4– 0.6); with the elevation of 10.0 SSRS score the risk of depression decreased by 40% (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.5– 0.7). Patients with the VFQCS less than 91.3 and SSRSS less than 38.0 had 5.9 times more risk of depression (OR = 5.9; 95% CI: 3.6– 9.7). Age (over 60 years) (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4– 0.9) and medical history of cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1– 2.5) were independently correlated with depression symptom.Conclusion: The prevalence of depression is high among patients with T2DM in urban district in northeast China. Vision-related quality of life and social support scores are significantly associated with depression. Measures should be taken to screen depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes patients. These patients need to be intervened with appropriate and effective treatment as early as possible. Meanwhile, behavioral health specialists should guide the patient to get and use social support sources effectively.Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, depression, quality of vision, Visual Function Questionnaire-25, Social Support Rating Scale

Chuang Zhang,1,2,* Ruoxi Yu,1,2,* Zhi Li,1,2 Huicong Song,1,2 Dan Zang,1,2 Mingming Deng,1 Yibo Fan,1,2 Yunpeng Liu,1,2 Ye Zhang,1,2 Xiujuan Qu1,21Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: The chr1p/19q co-deletion is a favorable prognostic factor in patients with lower grade glioma. The aim of this study was to reveal key genes for prognosis and establish prognostic gene signatures based on genes encoded by chr1p/19q.Materials and methods: The data was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lower grade glioma tissue and normal brain were identified. The univariate COX regression, robust likelihood-base survival analysis (rbsurv) and multivariate COX regression analysis were used to establish the 4-gene-signature based on the DEGs. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Kaplan-Mere curve were used to verify the prediction accuracy of the signature. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were also performed to explore the reasons for good prognosis in patients with chr1p/19q deletion.Results: A total of 1346 DEGs were identified between lower grade glioma samples and normal brain samples in GSE16011, including 56 up-regulated mRNAs located on chr1p and 20 up-regulated mRNAs located on chr19q. We established a 4-gene-signature that was significantly associated with survival based on the 76 gene. The AUC of the 4-gene-signature for 5-year OS in TCGA and CGGA was 0.837 and 0.876, respectively, which was superior compared to other parameters such as chr1p/19q co-deletion, IDH mutant, WHO grade and histology type, especially in chr1p/19q non-co-deletion patients. GSEA and KEGG analysis suggested that the prolongation of chr1p/19q in patients could be associated with cell cycle and DNA mismatch repairing.Conclusions: We established a robust 4-gene-signature based on the chr1p/19q and we explored the potential function of these newly identified survival-associated genes by bioinformatics analysis. The 4-gene from the signature are promising molecular targets to be used in the future.Keywords: lower grade glioma, prognostic signature, 1p/19q co-deletion, rbsurv

Deng Zang,1,2 Chao Niu,1 Haji Akber Aisa1 1Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Background: Melanogenesis, or the biosynthesis of melanin, plays a critical role in the pigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes. Reduced melanogenesis may lead to depigmentation conditions such as vitiligo. Psoralen, a furocoumarin derivative, is closely associated with melanogenesis, and its derivative 8-methoxypsoralen is used in psoralen and ultraviolet A therapy for pigmentation disorders. In a previous study, we synthesized a new series of amine derivatives of furocoumarin, of which 5-(morpholinomethyl)-3-phenyl-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one (encoded as D206008) showed a remarkable melanogenic effect in B16 murine cells.Methods: In this study, we examined the effects of D206008 on the melanogenesis-related pathways in B16 cells. D206008 increased melanin production and tyrosinase (TYR) activity, as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of the melanogenic enzymes TYR, TRP-1 and TRP-2, and the melanogenesis-related transcription factor microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in a dose-dependent (0–100 µM) and time-dependent (0–48 hours) manner.Results: Mechanistically, D206008 inhibited β-catenin degradation by enhancing the phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which increased the accumulation of β-catenin in the cytoplasm. Nuclear translocation of β-catenin also increased in response to D206008 treatment.Conclusion: Taken together, these data indicate that D206008 promotes melanin synthesis by stimulating the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, which activates MITF transcription and eventually melanogenesis. Keywords: amine derivatives of furocoumarin, melanogenesis, Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin

Background: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of joint testing of serum tumor markers containing cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), progastrinreleasing peptide (ProGRP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as well as neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in a variety of lung cancer (LC). Materials and Methods: The LC group comprised 150 LC patients who were diagnosed for the first time and were not treated. During the same period, 120 patients harbored benign lung diseases and 120 healthy subjects were respectively designated as the benign group and control group. Immunochemiluminescence assay was implemented to detect tumor markers in serum from three groups and different types of LC. Results: Levels of four serum tumor markers in LC group were elevated relative to control group. CYFRA21-1 level in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) group was elevated compared to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) groups. ProGRP and NSE levels in SCLC group increased compared to LSCC and LUAD groups. CEA level in LUAD group was higher compared to LSCC and SCLC groups. The highest positive rate of LSCC was CYFRA21-1, the highest positive rate of LUAD was CEA and the highest positive rates of SCLC were ProGRP and NSE. In terms of single tumor marker detection, CYFRA21-1 possessed the best diagnostic efficiency for LSCC, CEA possessed the best diagnostic efficiency for LUAD, NSE and ProGRP possessed the best diagnostic efficiency for SCLC, respectively. Conclusion: The individual determination of CYFRA21-1, ProGRP, CEA, and NSE has certain clinical application value for the pathological classification of LC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research findings indicate that in multi-unit systems experiencing subsynchronous oscillations （SSO）， the units tend to exhibit similar torsional vibration frequencies. Therefore， an analysis was conducted on the interactive effects among shaft systems of units with similar frequencies， as well as the mechanisms of system series compensation， electrical distances between units. Additionally， the paper delved into the mechanisms through which system series compensation， electrical distances between units， and similar torsional vibration frequencies impact the SSO. Firstly， based on characteristic matrices， the expression for the complex torque coefficients of two parallel thermal power units in the system was derived. Subsequently， the simplified complex torque coefficient method for a single unit was extended to encompass multi-unit systems， resulting in a streamlined expression for the electrical damping of dual thermal power units. The analysis further examined the influence of other units on the damping of the target unit， revealing that series compensation， electrical distances between units， and similar torsional vibration frequencies all exert an influence on system damping and stability. Finally， the mechanisms through which influencing factors affect the subsynchronous stability of the system were validated through numerical examples.

Background: Vitiligo is a complex disorder characterized by skin depigmentation; the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that involves β-catenin plays a crucial role in promoting the melanin production in melanocytes. Targeted inhibition of the Janus kinase JAK-STAT pathway can effectively diminish the secretion of the chemokine C-X-C motif ligand CXCL10, thereby safeguarding melanocytes. Ferula has been applied as a treatment regimen for a long period; however, its use for the treatment of vitiligo has not been previously documented. Methods: CCK-8 assay, Intracellular melanin content assay, Tyrosinase activity assay, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and ELISA methods were employed. Using molecular docking verified the inhibitory effects of feshurin on the JAK1. Results: The sesquiterpene coumarin feshurin was separated from Ferula samarcandica. Feshurin was shown to induce GSK-3β phosphorylation, resulting in the translocation of β-catenin into the nucleus. This translocation subsequently upregulated the transcription of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), leading to increased tyrosinase activity and melanin production. In addition, feshurin inhibited the production of chemokine CXCL10 via the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which was verified by molecular docking. Conclusions: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that feshurin exhibits significant potential for the development of novel anti-vitiligo therapeutics.

The reservoirs in the N oilfield in Sudan feature a complex sedimentary environment, which has led to a widespread development of low-resistivity oil zones, accounting for as high as 37% of the total oil zones. In this case, a large number of oil zones will be misinterpreted using conventional methods. Based on the analysis of the core data and logging curves of the study area, this study concludes that the low-resistivity oil zones are formed mainly due to the high irreducible water saturation caused by the high content of illite and smectite and complex pore structure, the additional electrical conductivity induced by clay minerals, and the difference in formation water salinity between the oil zones and water zones. Furthermore, four methods are proposed to qualitatively identify these oil zones and water zones, namely the relationship analysis of five reservoir properties, cross-plotting of sensitive parameters, analysis of pressure testing data, and multi-well correlation. Furthermore, the study quantitatively calculates the initial oil saturation using the capillary pressure data, thus avoiding the conventional empirical saturation formulas depending on electrical resistivity and solving the difficulty in calculating oil saturation of low-resistivity oil zones. Finally, precise logging processing and interpretation of 95 wells in the study area are conducted using the above-mentioned comprehensive assessment system for low-resistivity oil zones. As a result, 59 oil zones are newly discovered in 43 wells. Moreover, it is recommended that 17 oil zones in 12 wells should be tested, of which 11 oil zones have been tested as recommended, all proven to be high production oil zones after perforation. The coincidence rate of logging interpretation increases from 75% to 94.3%, and the original oil in place (OOIP) increases by 57.42 million barrels. All these indicate that the assessment system proposed is suitable for low-resistivity zones.

Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is a parameter reflecting prognosis for various cancers, including resected lung cancer. However, there were few reports to study the relationship between the PNI and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced (stage IIIB/IV) non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we collected the clinical data of 315 patients with advanced (stage IIIB/IV) NSCLC who had received chemotherapy or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) between January 2010 and June 2011. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analyses were used to evaluate prognostic significance of PNI in patients with advanced (stage IIIB/IV) NSCLC. In our analysis, we found that PNI (p=0.001) was significantly associated with OS in patients with advanced (stage IIIB/IV) NSCLC, so was smoking (p<0.001) and disease stage (p=0.005). We demonstrated that PNI could be utilized to predict survival outcomes in patients with advanced (stage IIIB/IV) NSCLC. Patients with a lower PNI may have worse prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The aim of the study was to detect changes in the levels of ferritin heavy chain ( FHC), ferritin light chain ( FLC), and transferrin in the cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF) and serum of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS) patients and to analyze the correlations between the levels of these proteins and various clinical parameters. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples were obtained from 54 ALS patients and 46 non-inflammatory neurological disease control (non- INDC) patients. CSF and serum FHC, FLC, and transferring levels were measured via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent method using a commercial ELISA kit, and the times from onset (durations), ALS functional rating scale-revised ( ALSFRS-r) scores, and disease progression rates ( DPRs) were analyzed by registered neurologists. Statistical analysis was performed via Prism software. Results Compared with controls, ALS patients exhibited significantly increased FHC and FLC levels in CSF, which were positively correlated with DPR and negatively correlated with duration. Serum transferrin levels were significantly increased in ALS patients but were not correlated with disease progression. FHC and FLC in CSF rapidly increased as the disease worsened. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the clinical measurement of FHC and FLC in CSF may be beneficial for disease differentiation and evaluating progression in patients with ALS. Compared with levels in serum, the levels of FHC and FLC in CSF might be more reliable for diagnosing and assessing the progression of ALS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]