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This paper investigates how digitalization contributes to inclusive development by analyzing global panel data using fixed-effect models. The main finding is the reverse U-shaped relationship between digitalization and inequality reduction. By testing the moderation and mediation effects, we further illustrate the intricate dynamics of digitalization on inequality. The findings suggest that while digitalization fosters inclusive institutions, it may also foster polarized relationships. Furthermore, we demonstrate that reverse U-shaped effects are particularly pronounced in countries in the global south, indicating a diffusion of relational norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political corruption is one of the structural factors aggravating national poverty, on which there is a consensus. However, it remains controversial what factors constrain the causal mechanisms by which political corruption worsens national poverty. This paper analyzed this using different models with the global panel data of 117 counties from 1992 to 2017, including the instrumental variable model. The authors found that: (1) There was a significant positive correlation between political corruption and national poverty, (2) Political corruption exacerbating national poverty was constrained by primary education and the Gini index, which played a mediating role, (3) The level of foreign direct investment and public services moderated the relationship between political corruption and national poverty. Finally, the authors discussed the potential implications beyond national poverty for theory, method, and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been a crucial challenge for countries worldwide to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. China is developing policies among various industries to peak CO2 emissions as soon as possible and expects the reduction of CO2 emissions through financial development. This paper explores the influencing mechanism of financial development on CO2 emissions based on panel data from provinces in China, considering constraints of technological innovation and fossil energy dependence among provinces and periods. Empirical results consistently indicate that the effect of China's financial development on CO2 emissions per capita is significantly negative, and it also presents an inverted U-shaped pattern. In those provinces or periods witnessing lower technological innovation and higher fossil energy dependence, the financial development has more significant effect on carbon emission reduction. This result suggests that regions with deficiencies in the development of technology industries, lower proportions of the tertiary industry, and a higher percentage of the secondary industry need to focus more on the value of financial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has long been hypothesized that democracy benefits the poor, yet solid empirical evidence for this assertion is scarce. This article provides new global evidence regarding the poverty‐reduction effect of democracy, which we refer to as the Sen Hypothesis. A difference‐in‐differences estimation using cross‐national panel data of over 100 countries from 1995 to 2015 shows that democracy reduces poverty, although the size of the effect varies by the poverty line chosen. The results also show that the effects are channeled by entitling more political rights, increasing freedom of speech and the size of middle classes, and improving governmental quality, and are heterogeneous over time and democratization types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Information and communication technologies (ICTs) and innovations have profoundly reshaped global development. Although there are many works that have examined the direct effects of ICTs on national development in fields of economics, society and politics, the important role played by ICTs in national innovation capacity has been less widely explored from an empirical standpoint. This paper investigates the influence of Internet penetration on national innovation development, using cross-national panel data of 156 countries from 1995 to 2014. We find that Internet penetration has a significant but decreasing innovation-promotion effect, and this finding stood the test of various models and variable measures. Further study shows that there is a one-period lagged effect of Internet penetration on innovation, and political regimes moderate the innovation promotion effect of ICTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to understand the impacts of government effectiveness (GE) on technological innovation has received full attention. But in turn, it is still a puzzle how technological innovation promotes GE. With the intention of providing rigorous empirical evidence to fill the gap, authors efficiently selected variables based on novel machine learning and analyzed the influence mechanism of technological innovation on GE through different models, using panel data from global countries over 20 years. The investigation has revealed that the relationship between technological innovation and GE is not a simple linear relation but a more complicated inverted U-shaped relation. We also distinguished the impacts of technological innovation on GE in countries with diverse democratic and developing levels. This pioneering work has provided new insights to our understanding of innovation diffusion and determinants of GE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐speed rail (HSR) has led to a transportation revolution in China. This paper uses the county‐level panel data of China's Yangtze River Delta to investigate the effect of HSR connection on local economy. To address the issue of endogenous HSR route placement, we use a straight‐line strategy to construct potential HSR connection variables as instrumental variables of the actual HSR connection. Both the difference‐in‐differences and instrumental variable methods show that HSR connection impedes local economy, especially in peripheral regions. The impediment effect is channeled through population reallocation from peripheral to core areas and the restructuring of industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]