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This research aims to determine the effect of online learning (Google Classroom) using a scientific approach based on ethnomathematics on the mathematical problem solving and communication abilities of class VIII students at SMPN 02 Bengkulu City. This research is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental method. The population in this study were class VIII students at SMPN 02 Bengkulu City, Even Semester, 2020/2021 Academic Year. The sample for this research was class VIII C students as an experimental class by implementing online learning (Google Classroom) using an ethnomathematics-based scientific approach to mathematical problem solving and communication skills and class VIII A students as a control class by applying conventional learning via WhatsApp. The results of this research show that the Ftable value = 3.99. The results of learning using online (Google Classroom) with conventional learning on problem solving abilities Fcount = 7.9. The results of the problem-solving abilities of students with high abilities and students with low abilities Fcount = 8.86, and the results of the interaction of learning factors and abilities on students' problem-solving abilities Fcount = 7.41. It can be concluded that Fcount > Ftable, then H0 is rejected, so there is an influence of online learning (Google Classroom) using a scientific approach based on ethnomathematics on the problem-solving abilities of class VIII students at SMPN 02 Bengkulu City

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the problem-based learning (PBL) model on students' creative thinking abilities and self-efficacy. The type of research used is quasi-experimental. This research was conducted at senior high school Sukakarya Musi Rawas with a population of all class X students totaling 114 students. The sample was selected by simple random sampling technique with class X MIA 1 as the experimental class and class X MIA 3 as the control class with 30 students each. Data collection methods are observation, tests, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used multivariate statistical tests analysis of variance. The results of the study show that: there is a significant effect of using the PBL model on students' creative thinking abilities. There is a significant influence of students' Self-Efficacy abilities using the PBL model on students' mathematical problem-solving abilities

This study aims to determine the effect of the Intruction Connection Application Reflection and Extention (ICARE) Learning Model on Students' Problem-Solving Ability and Critical Thinking Ability. This type of research uses the Quasi Experiment method. Data collection is done through tests. Data analysis used the Ancova test. The sample of this study were students of SMPIT Darul Fikri Bengkulu Utara grades VII A and VII B. The results showed that: 1) There was a linear covariate effect of initial ability on problem solving ability with a significant influence of 50.3%. 2) There is a linear influence of the initial ability covariate on critical thinking skills with a large influence of 56.7%. 3) There is an effect of learning using the ICARE model on students' problem-solving abilities with a large influence of 59.9%. 4) There is an influence of learning using the ICARE model on students' critical thinking skills with a large influence of 59.4%.

This study aims to determine the Effectiveness of the Treffinger Learning Model in Improving the Ability to Understand Mathematical Concepts and Critical Thinking Skills of SMA Negeri 2 Bengkulu City Students in the even semester of the 2022/2023 academic year with the research population being all students of class XI, totaling 1,284 students and a research sample of 72 students consisting of 2 classes namely class XI MIPA U as the experimental class and class XI MIPA A as the control class. The research instrument is a test of understanding mathematical concepts and critical thinking skills. Data analysis was performed using the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) test. The results showed that there was an influence of the Treffinger learning model on understanding mathematical concepts and critical thinking skills together at 78.7%. Furthermore, the effect of the Treffinger learning model on understanding mathematical concepts is 72.3% and the influence of the Treffinger learning model on critical thinking skills is 78.6%. The average score of students in the class taught by the Treffinger learning model is higher than that of students taught by using the Scientific learning model. The average understanding of mathematical concepts in the experimental class was 80.667 and the control class was 62.5. The average critical thinking ability in the experimental class was 78.13 and in the control class was 58.76

This study intended to know the effect of the Concept Attainment Model on the students in the mathematical generalization ability and Van Hiele's geometry thinking ability. This study used a quasi-experimental method. The population included all students of SMPN 16, Bengkulu, in the academic year 2020/2021. The sample consisted of two classes selected using purposive sampling techniques. Mathematical generalization ability and Van Hiele's geometry thinking ability were measured by a test that has been valid and reliable. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using the test MANCOVA with a 5% significant level (α = 0.05). The result of the hypothesis test indicated that there was a positive effect of the Concept Attainment Model on mathematical generalization ability and Van Hiele's geometry thinking ability

This study aims to determine the basic concepts and values of mathematics contained in traditional Bengkulu musical instruments in elementary schools. The urgency of this research is to use regional culture in learning mathematics theoretically and practically as a medium and source of learning mathematics through learning outside the classroom to achieve the objectives of learning mathematics in elementary schools. This research method is a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach. Data sources are in the form of traditional Bengkulu musical instruments, namely dhol, tassa, long drums, and serunai. Other data sources are documents and interviews with experts and practitioners of Bengkulu traditional musical instruments. The data were analyzed qualitatively with the method of content analysis. The result of this study shows that the basic mathematical concepts in Bengkulu traditional musical instruments are points, lines, angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, kites, circles, tubes, half balls, cut balls, cut cones, universes, and patterns. At the same time, the mathematical values contained in traditional Bengkulu musical instruments are obeying the rules, consistency, creativity, and cooperation. Therefore, as an alternative to effective learning in elementary schools, Bengkulu traditional musical instruments can be used as a medium and source of learning mathematics outside the classroom.

Mathematics is a compulsory subject in all of Indonesian high school. Problem solving ability is a competency that must be possessed in learning mathematics. The purpose of this study was to examine the variables that affect the ability to solve mathematical problems. These variables are self confidence, self efficacy, emotional intelligence, and the ability to understand concepts. This is a survey research, with a sample of 100 people. The sample was selected by simple random technique from all high school students in Bengkulu City. There are five instruments of this research, namely a test of mathematical problem-solving ability, a concept comprehension ability test, and three questionnaires for self confidence, self efficacy, as well as an emotional intelligence questionnaire. Research data were analyzed through path analysis using SPSS and the Lisrel Application Program. The results of this study were the variables of self confidence, self efficacy, emotional intelligence, and the ability to understand concepts have a direct positive effect on the ability to solve mathematical problems. From this research, we conclude that the ability to solve mathematical problems through self-confidence, self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and the ability to understand concepts students were in a good category.

This study aimed to improve the students’ productive disposition (PD) through Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) learning with an outdoor approach based on school level. Productive disposition development is intended so that students can appreciate mathematics as a science needed for their lives. The method used in this research was a quasi-experimental study. The population was 210 students of the fifth grade of Elementary School from five schools. The sample was 75 fifth grade students. The data were collected by using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test to find out the difference between the experimental and the control group. The results of this study indicate that RME learning with the outdoor approach more influential than the conventional learning in improving PD in high school level. Otherwise, in medium and low level school, the conventional learning was more influential than the RME learning with the outdoor approach to improve the students’ PD. Therefore, it can be concluded that the school level needs to be considered in improving students’ productive disposition through RME learning with an outdoor approach. Moreover, RME learning with an outdoor approach as an alternative model to improve productive disposition of students.

ABSTRACT [Study of Potential of Wild Taro as a Bioethanol Source and Its Implementation in Biological Learning]. This research aims to (1) Determine the carbohydrate content in three types of wild taro. (2) Assessing the effect of different types of yeast on ethanol produced. (3) Assessing the effect of fresh and dried taro tubers on ethanol produced. (4) To find out the difference in learning outcomes of students who use research-based LKS and those who do not use research-based LKS. Bioethanol is obtained through fermentation using yeast. The method used is direct observation and testing of the bioethanol produced. The carbohydrate content of taro kembaang (Colocasia esculenta) in wet conditions is 23.04% and in dry conditions 78.433%. For kemumu forest (Alocasia macrorrhiza) in wet conditions 20.08% and in dry conditions 79,725. For black taro (Xantomonas nigrum) 23.20% in wet conditions and in dry conditions 72.622%. Traditional yeast produces more ethanol than packaging yeast (Fermipan). More ethanol is produced in taro in dry conditions, namely kembaang taro (Colocasia esculenta) 2.30%, kemumu taro forest (Alocasia macrorrhiza) 2.64% and black taro (Xantomonas nigrum) 2.23%. Based on the fresh dried taro tuber, dried taro tubers produce more ethanol. LKS which is a learning resource is used to determine whether there is a difference between the experimental class and the control class using the T test. There are significant differences in learning outcomes between the experimental classes using research-based LKS and the control class that does not use research-based LKS which is characterized by the T test test where th> tk, th = 18.3138 and tk = 2.0085. So that the experimental class learning outcomes are better than the control class. Keywords: Potential; wild taro; bioethanol; learning process.(Received November 6, 2018; Accepted February 9, 2019; Published February 26, 2019) ABSTRAK Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk (1) menentukan kandungan karbohidrat pada tiga jenis talas liar. (2) Mengkaji pengaruh perbedaan jenis ragi terhadap etanol yang dihasilkan. (3) Mengkaji pengaruh segar dan keringnya umbi talas terhadap etanol yang dihasilkan. (4) Untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan LKS berbasis riset dan yang tidak menggunakan LKS berbasis riset. Bioetanol didapatkan melalui fermentasi menggunakan ragi.Kandungan karbohidrat talas kembaang (Colocasia esculenta) pada kondisi basah 23.04% dan pada kondisi kering 78.433%. Untuk talas kemumu hutan (Alocasia macrorrhiza) pada kondisi basah 20.08% dan pada kondisi kering 79.725. Untuk talas hitam (Xantomonas nigrum) 23.20% pada kondisi basah dan pada kondisi kering 72.622%. Ragi tradisional lebih banyak menghasilkan etanol dari pada ragi kemasan (Fermipan). Etanol lebih banyak dihasilkan pada talas dalam kondisi kering yaitu talas kembaang (Colocasia esculenta) 2.30%, talas kemumu hutan (Alocasia macrorrhiza) 2.64% dan talas hitam (Xantomonas nigrum) 2.23%. Berdasarkan segar keringnya umbi talas, umbi talas kering lebih banyak menghasilkan etanol. LKS yang merupakan sumber belajar digunakan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol dengan menggunakan uji T. Terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan LKS berbasis riset dan kelas kontrol yang tidak menggunakan LKS berbasis riset yang ditandai dengan uji T tes dimana th>tk, th = 18.3138 dan tk = 2.0085. Sehingga hasil belajar kelas eksperimen lebih baik dari pada kelas kontrol. Kata kunci: Potensi; talas liar; bioetanol; pembelajaran.

[Implementation of outdoor learning with saintific approach to improve student learning of SMPN 6 Bengkulu City]. The aims of this study was to know the results of scientific learning (outdoor) and see the comparison the value of students’s group who learn by using outdoor learning and groups of students who do not use outdoor learning. The subject of this research is the students of class VII SMPN6 Bengkulu City on academic year 2016/2017. The sample who taken are class VII G class control class VII H, experimental class, class VII E as a testing class. Sampling technique by purposive sampling. Instrument used double choice test instrument 25 problem,. The technique of data analysis using statistic Anova Mix (mixed Anova). Test normality by using test of covariance matrix. The average value of pretest of the experimental class students 62.1 after the average treatment of student postes increased to 86.25 which means an increase of 24.15. The control class Pretest and postes results Average score of pretest students 65,9 after conventional learning average student postes score increased to 75,5 which means an increase of 9.6. Student learning outcomes using outdoor learning method is higher than those not using the method, it is seen from the average experimental class value (80,75) bigger than control class (64,00) with increase of 26,37%. Keywords: Outdoor learning; saintific approach; student learning outcomes.