665 results on '"Zammit, S."'
Search Results
2. P666 Accuracy of information given by ChatGPT for patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in relation to ECCO guidelines
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Farrugia, Y, primary, Sciberras, M, additional, Gordon, H, additional, Furfaro, F, additional, Allocca, M, additional, Torres, J, additional, Arebi, N, additional, Fiorino, G, additional, Iacucci, M, additional, Verstockt, B, additional, Magro, F, additional, Katsanos, K, additional, Fenech, V A, additional, Chetcuti Zammit, S, additional, and Ellul, P, additional
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- 2024
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3. Genetic risk for schizophrenia is associated with altered visually-induced gamma band activity: evidence from a population sample stratified polygenic risk
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Dimitriadis, S. I., Perry, G., Foley, S. F., Tansey, K. E., Jones, D. K., Holmans, P., Zammit, S., Hall, J., O’Donovan, M. C., Owen, M. J., Singh, K. D., and Linden, D. E.
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- 2021
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4. Association between childhood infection, serum inflammatory markers and intelligence : findings from a population-based prospective birth cohort study
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MACKINNON, N., ZAMMIT, S., LEWIS, G., JONES, P. B., and KHANDAKER, G. M.
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- 2018
5. Small Bowel Angioectasia- The clinical and cost impact of different management strategies
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Tai, FWD, primary, Zammit, S. Chetcuti, additional, and Sidhu, R., additional
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- 2023
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6. Exposure to tobacco smoke in utero or during early childhood and risk of hypomania: Prospective birth cohort study
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Mackay, D.F., Anderson, J.J., Pell, J.P., Zammit, S., and Smith, D.J.
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- 2017
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7. Red pill or blue pill? Effect of antithrombotic therapies on small bowel bleeding
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Scaramella, L., additional, Zammit, S. Chetcuti, additional, Sidhu, R., additional, Vecchi, M., additional, tontini, G. E., additional, Nandi, N., additional, Topa, M., additional, and Elli, L., additional
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- 2023
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8. Empirically driven transdiagnostic stages in the development of mood, anxiety and psychotic symptoms in a cohort of youth followed from birth
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Ratheesh, A, Hammond, D, Gao, C, Marwaha, S, Thompson, A, Hartmann, J, Davey, C, Zammit, S, Berk, M, McGorry, P, Nelson, B, Ratheesh, A, Hammond, D, Gao, C, Marwaha, S, Thompson, A, Hartmann, J, Davey, C, Zammit, S, Berk, M, McGorry, P, and Nelson, B
- Abstract
Staging models with transdiagnostic validity across mood, psychotic, and anxiety disorders could advance early intervention efforts as well as our understanding of the common underpinnings of such psychopathology. However, there are few well-supported operationalisations for such transdiagnostic models, particularly in community-based samples. We aimed to explore the inter-relationships among mood, psychotic, and anxiety symptom stages, and their common risk factors to develop data-informed transdiagnostic stages. We included participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective ongoing birth cohort study. We developed operational thresholds for stages of depressive, hypomanic, anxiety, and psychotic symptoms based on the existing literature, refined further by expert consensus. We selected 1b level as the primary stage or outcome of interest. This represents moderate symptoms that are likely to be associated with the onset of the need for clinical mental health care. We used questionnaire and clinic data completed by young people ages 18 and 21 years. We used descriptive methods and network analyses to examine the overlap among Stage 1b psychopathology. We then examined the patterns of relationships between several risk factors and 1b stages using logistic regressions. Among 3269 young people with data available to determine all symptom stages, 64.3% were female and 96% Caucasian. Descriptive and network analyses indicated that 1b level depressive, anxiety, and psychotic symptom stages were inter-related while hypomania was not. Similarly, anxiety, depressive, and psychotic 1b stages were associated with the female sex, more emotional and behavioral difficulties in early adolescence, and life events in late adolescence. Hypomania was not related to any of these risk factors. Given their inter-relationships and similar risk factors, anxiety, psychotic and depressive, symptoms could be combined to form a transdiagnostic stage i
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- 2023
9. Functional outcomes among young people with trajectories of persistent childhood psychopathology
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Dooley, N. (Niamh), Kennelly, B. (Brendan), Arseneault, L. (Louise), Zammit, S. (Stanley), Whelan, R. (Rob), Mosley, O. (Olivia), Cotter, D. (Delia), Clarke, M. (Mary), Cotter, D. R. (David R.), Kelleher, I. (Ian), McGorry, P. (Pat), Healy, C. (Colm), Cannon, M. (Mary), Dooley, N. (Niamh), Kennelly, B. (Brendan), Arseneault, L. (Louise), Zammit, S. (Stanley), Whelan, R. (Rob), Mosley, O. (Olivia), Cotter, D. (Delia), Clarke, M. (Mary), Cotter, D. R. (David R.), Kelleher, I. (Ian), McGorry, P. (Pat), Healy, C. (Colm), and Cannon, M. (Mary)
- Abstract
Importance: Understanding which children in the general population are at greatest risk of poor functional outcomes could improve early screening and intervention strategies. Objective: To investigate the odds of poor outcomes in emerging adulthood (ages 17 to 20 years) for children with different mental health trajectories at ages 9 to 13 years. Design, Setting, and Participants: Growing Up in Ireland is a longitudinal, nationally representative population-based cohort study. Data collection began in August 2007 and was repeated most recently in September 2018. All results were weighted to account for sampling bias and attrition and were adjusted for socioeconomic factors. Data analysis took place from October 2022 to April 2023. Exposure: Four latent classes captured variation in mental health in children aged 9 and 13 years, based on the parent-completed Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Classes included no psychopathology, internalizing, externalizing, and high (comorbid) psychopathology. Those who remained in the same class from ages 9 to 13 years were included. Main Outcomes and Measures: Poor functional outcomes in emerging adulthood were measured at approximate ages 17 years (range, 16 to 18 years) and 20 years (range, 19 to 21 years). Outcomes included poor mental health, poor physical health, social isolation, heavy substance use, frequent health service use, poor subjective well-being, and adverse educational/economic outcomes. Results: Of 5141 included participants, 2618 (50.9%) were male. A total of 3726 (72.5%) were classed as having no childhood psychopathology, 1025 (19.9%) as having persistent externalizing psychopathology, 243 (4.7%) as having persistent internalizing psychopathology, and 147 (2.9%) as having persistent high psychopathology. Having any childhood psychopathology was associated with poorer functional outcomes in emerging adulthood. The internalizing group had elevated odds of most outcomes except for heavy substance
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- 2023
10. Small-bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with Meckel's diverticulum: clinical features, diagnostic workup, and findings. A European multicenter I-CARE study
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Baltes, P., Dray, X., Riccioni, Maria Elena, Perez-Cuadrado-Robles, E., Fedorov, E., Wiedbrauck, F., Chetcuti Zammit, S., Cadoni, S., Bruno, M., Rondonotti, E., Johansson, G. W., Mussetto, A., Beaumont, H., Perrod, G., Mcnamara, D., Plevris, J., Spada, Cristiano, Pinho, R., Rosa, B., Hervas, N., Leenhardt, R., Marmo, Clelia, Esteban-Delgado, P., Ivanova, E., Keuchel, M., Carretero, C., Tontini, G. E., Toth, E., Nemeth, A., Sidhu, R., Koulaouzidis, A., Eliakim, A., Pennazio, M., Tikhomirova, E., Zebski, H., Wulfert, C. -H., Stachow, F., Janssen, G., Tontini, E., Riccioni M. E. (ORCID:0000-0002-9239-4312), Spada C. (ORCID:0000-0002-5692-0960), Marmo C., Baltes, P., Dray, X., Riccioni, Maria Elena, Perez-Cuadrado-Robles, E., Fedorov, E., Wiedbrauck, F., Chetcuti Zammit, S., Cadoni, S., Bruno, M., Rondonotti, E., Johansson, G. W., Mussetto, A., Beaumont, H., Perrod, G., Mcnamara, D., Plevris, J., Spada, Cristiano, Pinho, R., Rosa, B., Hervas, N., Leenhardt, R., Marmo, Clelia, Esteban-Delgado, P., Ivanova, E., Keuchel, M., Carretero, C., Tontini, G. E., Toth, E., Nemeth, A., Sidhu, R., Koulaouzidis, A., Eliakim, A., Pennazio, M., Tikhomirova, E., Zebski, H., Wulfert, C. -H., Stachow, F., Janssen, G., Tontini, E., Riccioni M. E. (ORCID:0000-0002-9239-4312), Spada C. (ORCID:0000-0002-5692-0960), and Marmo C.
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Meckel's diverticulum (MD) may remain silent or be associated with adverse events such as GI bleeding. The main aim of this study was to evaluate indicative small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) findings, and the secondary aim was to describe clinical presentation in patients with MD. Methods: This retrospective European multicenter study included patients with MD undergoing SBCE from 2001 until July 2021. Results: Sixty-nine patients with a confirmed MD were included. Median age was 32 years with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 3:1. GI bleeding or iron-deficiency anemia was present in nearly all patients. Mean hemoglobin was 7.63 ± 1.8 g/dL with a transfusion requirement of 52.2%. Typical capsule endoscopy (CE) findings were double lumen (n = 49 [71%]), visible entrance into the MD (n = 49 [71%]), mucosal webs (n = 30 [43.5%]), and bulges (n = 19 [27.5%]). Two or more of these findings were seen in 48 patients (69.6%). Ulcers were detected in 52.2% of patients (n = 36). In 63.8% of patients (n = 44), a combination of double lumen and visible entrance into the MD was evident, additionally revealing ulcers in 39.1% (n = 27). Mean percent SB (small bowel) transit time for the first indicative image of MD was 57% of the total SB transit time. Conclusions: Diagnosis of MD is rare and sometimes challenging, and a preoperative criterion standard does not exist. In SBCE, the most frequent findings were double-lumen sign and visible diverticular entrance, sometimes together with ulcers.
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- 2023
11. What is the role of submucosal tattoos in device assisted enteroscopy?
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Chetcuti Zammit, S., Sanders, D. S., and Sidhu, R.
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- 2020
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12. Do brain regions involved in threat processing mediate the association between developmental trauma and psychosis
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Jung, P.G.Y., primary, Mason, A., additional, Merritt, K., additional, McCrory, E., additional, Roiser, J.P., additional, Jones, D.K., additional, Zammit, S., additional, David, A.S., additional, and Bloomfield, M.A.P., additional
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- 2023
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13. Abuse in childhood and cardiometabolic health in early adulthood: evidence from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children
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Goncalves Soares, A, primary, Zimmerman, A, additional, Zammit, S, additional, Karl, A, additional, Halligan, SL, additional, and Fraser, A, additional
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- 2022
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14. Genetic risk for schizophrenia is associated with increased proportion of indirect connections in brain networks revealed by a semi-metric analysis: evidence from population sample stratified for polygenic risk
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Dimitriadis, S I, primary, Perry, G, additional, Lancaster, T M, additional, Tansey, K E, additional, Singh, K D, additional, Holmans, P, additional, Pocklington, A, additional, Davey Smith, G, additional, Zammit, S, additional, Hall, J, additional, O’Donovan, M C, additional, Owen, M J, additional, Jones, D K, additional, and Linden, D E, additional
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- 2022
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15. A Computational Analysis of Abnormal Belief Updating Processes and Their Association With Psychotic Experiences and Childhood Trauma in a UK Birth Cohort
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Croft, J, Teufel, C, Heron, J, Fletcher, PC, David, AS, Lewis, G, Moutoussis, M, FitzGerald, THB, Linden, DEJ, Thompson, A, Jones, PB, Cannon, M, Holmans, P, Adams, RA, Zammit, S, Croft, J, Teufel, C, Heron, J, Fletcher, PC, David, AS, Lewis, G, Moutoussis, M, FitzGerald, THB, Linden, DEJ, Thompson, A, Jones, PB, Cannon, M, Holmans, P, Adams, RA, and Zammit, S
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Psychotic experiences emerge from abnormalities in perception and belief formation and occur more commonly in those experiencing childhood trauma. However, which precise aspects of belief formation are atypical in psychosis is not well understood. We used a computational modeling approach to characterize belief updating in young adults in the general population, examine their relationship with psychotic outcomes and trauma, and determine the extent to which they mediate the trauma-psychosis relationship. METHODS: We used data from 3360 individuals from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort who completed assessments for psychotic outcomes, depression, anxiety, and two belief updating tasks at age 24 and had data available on traumatic events assessed from birth to late adolescence. Unadjusted and adjusted regression and counterfactual mediation methods were used for the analyses. RESULTS: Basic behavioral measures of belief updating (draws-to-decision and disconfirmatory updating) were not associated with psychotic experiences. However, computational modeling revealed an association between increased decision noise with both psychotic experiences and trauma exposure, although <3% of the trauma-psychotic experience association was mediated by decision noise. Belief updating measures were also associated with intelligence and sociodemographic characteristics, confounding most of the associations with psychotic experiences. There was little evidence that belief updating parameters were differentially associated with delusions compared with hallucinations or that they were differentially associated with psychotic outcomes compared with depression or anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: These findings challenge the hypothesis that atypical belief updating mechanisms (as indexed by the computational models and behavioral measures we used) underlie the development of psychotic phenomena.
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- 2022
16. Precursors and correlates of transient and persistent longitudinal profiles of psychotic experiences from late childhood through early adulthood
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Rammos, A, Sullivan, SA, Kounali, D, Jones, HJ, Hammerton, G, Hines, LA, Lewis, G, Jones, PB, Cannon, M, Thompson, A, Wolke, D, Heron, J, Zammit, S, Rammos, A, Sullivan, SA, Kounali, D, Jones, HJ, Hammerton, G, Hines, LA, Lewis, G, Jones, PB, Cannon, M, Thompson, A, Wolke, D, Heron, J, and Zammit, S
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Psychotic experiences are reported by 5-10% of young people, although only a minority persist and develop into psychotic disorders. It is unclear what characteristics differentiate those with transient psychotic experiences from those with persistent psychotic experiences that are more likely to be of clinical relevance. AIMS: To investigate how longitudinal profiles of psychotic experiences, created from assessments at three different time points, are influenced by early life and co-occurring factors. METHOD: Using data from 8045 individuals from a birth cohort study, longitudinal profiles of psychotic experiences based on semi-structured interviews conducted at 12, 18 and 24 years were defined. Environmental, cognitive, psychopathological and genetic determinants of these profiles were investigated, along with concurrent changes in psychopathology and cognition. RESULTS: Following multiple imputations, the distribution of longitudinal profiles of psychotic experiences was none (65.7%), transient (24.1%), low-frequency persistent (8.4%) and high-frequency persistent (1.7%). Individuals with high-frequency persistent psychotic experiences were more likely to report traumatic experiences, other psychopathology, a more externalised locus of control, reduced emotional stability and conscientious personality traits in childhood, compared with those with transient psychotic experiences. These characteristics also differed between those who had any psychotic experiences and those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the same risk factors are associated with incidence as with persistence of psychotic experiences. Thus, it might be that the severity of exposure, rather than the presence of specific disease-modifying factors, is most likely to determine whether psychotic experiences are transient or persist, and potentially develop into a clinical disorder over time.
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- 2022
17. Nomenclature and Definition of Atrophic Lesions in Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy: A Delphi Consensus Statement of the International CApsule endoscopy REsearch (I-CARE) Group
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Elli, L., Marinoni, B., Sidhu, R., Bojarski, C., Branchi, F., Tontini, G. E., Chetcuti Zammit, S., Khater, S., Eliakim, R., Rondonotti, E., Saurin, J. C., Bruno, M., Buchkremer, J., Cadoni, S., Cavallaro, Fabio, Dray, X., Ellul, P., Urien, I. F., Keuchel, M., Kopylov, U., Koulaouzidis, A., Leenhardt, R., Baltes, P., Beaumont, H., Marmo, Clelia, Mcnamara, D., Mussetto, A., Nemeth, A., Cuadrado Robles, E. P., Perrod, G., Rahmi, G., Riccioni, Maria Elena, Robertson, A., Spada, Cristiano, Toth, E., Triantafyllou, K., Wurm Johansson, G., Rimondi, A., Cavallaro F., Marmo C., Riccioni M. E. (ORCID:0000-0002-9239-4312), Spada C. (ORCID:0000-0002-5692-0960), Elli, L., Marinoni, B., Sidhu, R., Bojarski, C., Branchi, F., Tontini, G. E., Chetcuti Zammit, S., Khater, S., Eliakim, R., Rondonotti, E., Saurin, J. C., Bruno, M., Buchkremer, J., Cadoni, S., Cavallaro, Fabio, Dray, X., Ellul, P., Urien, I. F., Keuchel, M., Kopylov, U., Koulaouzidis, A., Leenhardt, R., Baltes, P., Beaumont, H., Marmo, Clelia, Mcnamara, D., Mussetto, A., Nemeth, A., Cuadrado Robles, E. P., Perrod, G., Rahmi, G., Riccioni, Maria Elena, Robertson, A., Spada, Cristiano, Toth, E., Triantafyllou, K., Wurm Johansson, G., Rimondi, A., Cavallaro F., Marmo C., Riccioni M. E. (ORCID:0000-0002-9239-4312), and Spada C. (ORCID:0000-0002-5692-0960)
- Abstract
na
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- 2022
18. Childhood interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and atopic disorders as risk factors for hypomanic symptoms in young adulthood: a longitudinal birth cohort study
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Hayes, J. F., Khandaker, G. M., Anderson, J., Mackay, D., Zammit, S., Lewis, G., Smith, D. J., and Osborn, D. P. J.
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- 2017
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19. CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY IN PATIENTS WITH MECKEL`S DIVERTICULUM- CLINICAL FEATURES AND DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS – A EUROPEAN MULTICENTRE STUDY
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Baltes, P., additional, Dray, X., additional, Riccioni, M.E., additional, Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles, E., additional, Fedorov, E., additional, Wiedbrauck, F., additional, Chetcuti Zammit, S., additional, Cadoni, S., additional, Bruno, M., additional, Rondonotti, E., additional, Wurm Johansson, G., additional, Mussetto, A., additional, Beaumont, H., additional, Perrod, G., additional, McNamara, D., additional, Plevris, J., additional, Spada, C., additional, Pinho, R., additional, Rosa, B., additional, Hervás, N., additional, Carretero, C., additional, Tontini, G.E., additional, and Keuchel, M., additional
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- 2022
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20. TAKE A GLIMPSE TO THE SMALL BOWEL: ASSESSING MUCOSAL HEALING IN CELIAC PATIENTS WITH CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY
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Scaramella, L., additional, Marinoni, B., additional, Rimondi, A., additional, Tontini, G.E., additional, Penagini, R., additional, Sidhu, R., additional, Sanders, D.S., additional, Leffler, D., additional, Chetcuti Zammit, S., additional, Vecchi, M., additional, and Elli, L., additional
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- 2022
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21. NOMENCLATURE AND SEMANTIC DESCRIPTION OF ATROPHIC LESIONS IN SMALL BOWEL CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY: AN INTERNATIONAL DELPHI CONSENSUS STATEMENT
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Elli, L., additional, Marinoni, B., additional, Baltes, P., additional, Beaumont, H., additional, Bojarski, C., additional, Branchi, F., additional, Bruno, M., additional, Buchkremer, J., additional, Cadoni, S., additional, Cavallaro, F., additional, Chetcuti Zammit, S., additional, Dray, X., additional, Eliakim, R., additional, Ellul, P., additional, Fernandez Urien, I., additional, Keuchel, M., additional, Khater, S., additional, Kopylov, U., additional, Koulaouzidis, A., additional, Leenhardt, R., additional, Marmo, C., additional, McNamara, D., additional, Mussetto, A., additional, Nemeth, A., additional, Cuadrado Robles, E.P., additional, Perrod, G., additional, Rahmi, G., additional, Riccioni, M.E., additional, Robertson, A., additional, Rondonotti, E., additional, Saurin, J.C., additional, Sidhu, R., additional, Spada, C., additional, Toth, E., additional, Tontini, G.E., additional, Triantafyllou, K., additional, Johansson, G.W., additional, and Rimondi, A., additional
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- 2022
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22. The Changing Platform of Small Bowel Endoscopy: a 15-Year Experience of Demand and Outcomes
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Chetcuti Zammit, S., Ching, H.-L., McAlindon, M. E., Sanders, D. S., Healy, A., Thurston, V., and Sidhu, R.
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- 2018
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23. Explaining risk for suicidal ideation in adolescent offspring of mothers with depression
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Hammerton, G., Zammit, S., Thapar, A., and Collishaw, S.
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- 2016
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24. Perinatal folate-related exposures and risk of psychotic symptoms in the ALSPAC birth cohort
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Glaser, B., Ades, A.E., Lewis, S., Emmet, P., Lewis, G., Smith, G. Davey, and Zammit, S.
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- 2010
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25. Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: An international, multicentre, prospective cohort study
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Harrison E. M., Drake T. M., Ghosh D., Ademuyiwa A. O., Bhangu A., Fitzgerald J. E., Glasbey J., Borda-Luque G., Costas-Chavarri A., Ntirenganya F., Fergusson S. J., Ingabire J. C. A., Ismail L., Lilford R., Mihaljevic A. L., Morton D., Mutabazi A. Z., Adisa A. O., Ots R., Pinkney T., Poskus T., Shaw C. A., Verjee A., Runigamugabo E., Khatri C., Mohan M., Jaffry Z., Altamini A., Kirby A., Soreide K., Cornick J., Iyer D., King S., Arthur T., Nahar S. N., Waterman A., Lawini I., Rouse T., Correa J. C., Salem H. K., Worku M., Arnaud A., Kalles V., Aguilera M. L., Recinos G., Quek R., Altibi A., Whitaker J., Bent Z., Al-Slaibi I., Tahboub H., Alser O. H., Shu S., Mironescu A., Bratu M., Altwijri A., Alsaggaf M. U., Jubran A. F., Seisay S., Jeyakumar J., Senanayake K., Abdulbagi O., Raptis D., Kong C., Suresh S., Scott M., Grizhja B., Ymeri S., Galiqi G., Klappenbach R., Antezana D., Beleno A. E. M., Costa C., Sanchez B., Aviles S., Modolo M. M., Fermani C. G., Balmaceda R., Villalobos S., Carmona J. M., Hamill D., Deutschmann P., Sandler S., Cox D., Nataraja R., Sharpin C., Ljuhar D., Gray D., Haines M., Niranjan N., D'Amours S., Ashtari M., Franco H., Mitul A. R., Karim S., Aman N. F., Estee M. M., Salma U., Razzaque J., Hamidkanta T., Tori S., Alamin Md. S., Roy S., Al Amin Md. S., Haque M., Faruq A., Iftekhar F., O'Shea M., Padmore G., Jonnalagadda R., Litvin A., Filatau A., Paulouski D., Shubianok M., Shachykava T., Khokha D., Khokha V., Djivoh F., Lawani I., Dossou F., Seto D. M., Gbessi D. G., Noukpozounkou B., Souaibou Y. I., Keke K. R., Hodonou F., Ahounou E., Alihonou T., Denakpo M., Ahlonsou G., Bedada A. G., Nsengiyumva C., Kwizera S., Barendegere V., Choi P., Stock S., Jamal L., Firdouse M., Zani A., Azzie G., Kushwaha S., Agarwal A., Chen T. -L., Yip C., Montes I., Zapata F., Sierra S., Lanau M. I. V., Arango M. C. M., Restrepo I. M., Giraldo R. S. R., Mendozaarango M., Domini E., Karlo R., Mihanovic J., Youssef M., Elfeki H., Thabet W., Sanad A., Tawfik G., Zaki A., Abdel-Hameed N., Mostafa M., Omar M. F. W., Ghanem A., Abdallah E., Denewer A., Emara E., Rashad E., Sakr A., Elashry R., Emile S., Khafagy T., Elhamouly S., Elfarargy A., Mamdouhmohamed A., Saiednagy G., Esam A., Elwy E., Hammad A., Khallaf S., Ibrahim E., Saidbadr A., Moustafa A., Eldosoukymohammed A., Elgheriany M., Abdelmageed E., Al Raouf E. A., Elbanby E., Elmasry M., Morsyfarahat M., Yahyamansor E., Magdyhegazy E., Gamal E., Gamal H., Kandil H., Maherabdelrouf D., Moaty M., Gamal D., El-Sagheer N., Salah M., Magdy S., Salah A., Essam A., Ali A., Badawy M., Ahmed S., Mohamed M., Assal A., Sleem M., Ebidy M., Abdelrazek A., Zahran D., Adam N., Nazir M., Hassanein A. B., Ismail A., Elsawy A., Mamdouh R., Mabrouk M., Ahmed L. A. M., Hassabalnaby M., Magdy E., Abd-Elmawla M., Fahim M., Mowafy B., Mahmoud M. I., Allam M., Alkelani M., El Gendy N. H., Aboul-Naga M. S., Alaael-Din R., Elgendy A. H., Ismail M., Shalaby M., Elsharkawy A. A., Moghazy M. E., Elbisomy K. H., Shakshouk H. A. G., Hamed M. F., Ebidy M. M., Abdelkader M., Karkeet M., Ahmed H., Adel I., Omar M. E., Ibrahim M., Ghoneim O., Hesham O., Gamal S., Hilal K., Arafa O., Awad S. A., Salem M., Elsherif F. A., Elsabbagh N., Aboelsoud M. R., Rida A. H. E. F., Hossameldin A., Hany E., Asar Y. H., Anwar N., Gadelkarim M., Abdelhady S., Morshedy E. M., Saad R., Soliman N., Salama M., Ezzat E., Mohamed A., Ibrahim A., Fergany A., Mohammed S., Reda A., Allam Y., Saad H. A., Abdelfatah A., Fathy A. M., El-Sehily A., Kasem E. A., Hassan A. T. A., Mohammed A. R., Saad A. G., Elfouly Y., Elfouly N., Hassaan A., Mohammed M. M., Elhoseny G., Magdy M., Elkhalek E. A., Zakaria Y., Ezzat T., El Dahab A. A., Kelany M., Arafa S., Hassan O. M. M., Badwi N. M., Sleem A. S., Abdelbadeai K., Abdullah M. A., Lokman M., Bahar S., Radyabdelazeam A., Adelshone A., Hasnan M. B., Zulkifli A., Kamarulzamil S. N. A., Elhendawy A., Latif A., Adnan A. B., Shaharuddin S., Majid A. H. H. A., Amreia M., Al-Marakby D., Salma M., Basir E. R. M., Ali C. D. M., Ata A. Y., Nasr M., Rezq A., Sheta A., Tariq S., Sallam A., Darwish A. K. Z., Elmihy S., El Hadry S., Farag A., Hajah H., Seliem A., Aglan A., Zohair A., Essam M., Moussa O., El-Gizawy E., Samy M., Ali S., Elhalawany E., Ata A., Elhalawany M., Nashat M., Soliman S., Elazab A., Abdelaziz M. A., Ibrahim K., Ibrahim A. M., Gado A., Hantour U., Eldeen E. A., Loaloa M. R., Abouzaid A., Ahmedbahaaeldin M., Hashad E., Sroor F., Gamil D., Mahmoudabdulhakeem E., Zakaria M., Mohamed F., Abubakr M., Ali E., Magdy H., Ramadan M., Abdelatymohamed M., Mansour S., Abdulazizamin H., Rabiemohamed A., Saami M., Ahmedredaelsayed N., Tarek A., Mohyeldeenmahmoud S., El Sayed I. M., Yusufshawky M., Mousasalem M., El-Din S. A., Soliman N. A., Talaat M., Abdelmoenelhusseiny S. A. -D. A., Abdullah N., Elshaar M., Abdelfatahibraheem A., Abdulaziz H., Ismail M. K., Hamdymadkor M., Abdelaty M., Kader S. M., Mohamedsalah O., Eldafrawy M., Zakieldeeb A., Mahmoudeid M., Attia A., El-Dien K. S., Shwky A., Badenjki M. A., Soliman A., Al Attar S. M., Sayed F., Abdelsabour F., Azizeldine M. G., Shawqi M., Hashim A., Aamer A., Raouf A. M. A., Abdelshakour M., Mahmoud B., Mahmoud M. A., Qenawy M., Rashed A. M., Dahy A., Sayed M., Shamsedine A. W., Mohamed B., Hasan A., Saad M. M., Abdulbassit K., Khalidabdelatif N., Elzahed N., Elkashash A., Bekhet N. M., Hafez S., Gad A., Maher M. E., Abdelsameea A., Hafez M., Sabe A., Ahmed A., Shahine A., Dawood K., Gaafar S., Husseiny R., Aboelmagd O., Mesbah N., Emadeldin H., Almeligy A., Bekhet A. H., Hasan D., Alhady K., Sabe A. K., Elnajjar M. A., Aboelella M., Hamsho W., Hassan I., Saad H., Abdelazim G., Mahmoud H., Wael N., Kandil A. M., Magdy A., Saidelkholy S., Adel B., Dabbour K., Elsherbiney S., Mattar O., Abdrabou A. K., Aly M. Y. M., Geuoshy A., Elnagar A., Abdelmotaleb I., Saleh A. 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J., Gaizauskas V., Grisin E., Mazrimas P., Rackauskas R., Drungilas M., Lagunavicius K., Lipnickas V., Majauskyte D., Jotautas V., Abaliksta T., Uscinas L., Simutis G., Ladukas A., Danys D., Laugzemys E., Mikalauskas S., Sruogiene E. Z., Visinskas P., Zilinskiene R., Dragatas D., Burmistrovas A., Tverskis Z., Vaicius A., Mazelyte R., Zadoroznas A., Kaselis N., Ziubryte G., Rahantasoa F. C. F. P., Samison L. H., Rasoaherinomenjanahary F., Tolotra T. E. C., Mukuzunga C., Msosa V., Kwatiwani C., Msiska N., Chai F. Y., Asilah S. M. D., Syibrah K. Z., Chin P. X., Salleh A., Riswan N. Z., Roslani A. C., Chong H. -Y., Aziz N. A., Poh K. -S., Chai C. -A., Taher M. M., Kosai N. R., Aziz D. N. A., Rajan R., Julaihi R., Jethwani D. L., Yahaya M. T., Abdullah N. A. N., Mathew S. W., Chung K. J., Nirumal M. K., Tze R. G. E., Ali S. A. W. E. W., Gan Y. Y., Ting J. R. S., Sii S. S. Y., Koay K. L., Tan Y. K., Cheah A. E. Z., Wong C. Y., Mat T. N. T., Chow C. Y. N., Har P. A. L., Der Y., Tew Y. Y., Henry F., Low X., Neo Y. T., Heng H. E., Kong S. N., Gan C., Mok Y. T., Tan Y. W., Palayan K., Devatata M., Cheong Y. J., Gunaseelan K., Nasir W. N. A. W. M., Yoganathan P., Lee E. X., Saw J. E., Yeang L. J., Koh P. Y., Lim S. Y., Teo S. Y., Grech N., Magri D., Cassar K., Mizzi C., Falzon M., Shaikh N., Scicluna R., Zammit S., Borg E., Mizzi S., Brincat S. D., Tembo T., Le V. T. H., Grima T., Sammut K., Carabott K., Farrugia A., Zarb C., Navarro A., Dimech T., Camilleri G., Bertuello I., Dalli J., Bonavia K., Corro-Diaz S., Manriquez-Reyes M., Ramos-De la Medina A., Abdelhamid A., Hrora A., Benammi S., Bachri H., Abbouch M., Boukhal K., Bennai R. M., Belkouchi A., Jabal M. S., Benyaiche C., Vermaas M., Duinhouwer L., Pastora J., Wood G., Merlo M. S., Ajao A., Ayandipo O., Lawal T., Abdurrazzaaq A., Habeeb O., Alada M., Nasir A., Adeniran J., Popoola A., Adeyeye A., Adebanjo A., Adesanya O., Adeniyi A., Mendel H., Bello B., Muktar U., Osinowo A., Olajide T. O., Oshati O., Ihediwa G., Adenekan B., Nwinee V., Alakaloko F., Ademuyiwa A., Elebute O., Lawal A., Bode C., Olugbemi M., Adesina A., Faturoti O., Odutola O., Adebola O., Onuoha C., Taiwo O., Williams O., Balogun F., Ajai O., Oludara M., Njokanma I., Osuoji R., Kache S., Ajah J., Makama J., Adamu A., Baba S., Aliyu M., Aliyu S., Ukwenya Y., Aliyu H., Sholadoye T., Daniyan M., Ogunsua O., Anyanwu L. -J., Sheshe A., Mohammad A., Olori S. D., Mshelbwala P., Odeyemi B., Samson G., Timothy O. K., Samuel S. A., Ajiboye A., Amole I., Abiola O., Olaolorun A., Veen T., Kanani A., Styles K., Herikstad R., Larsen J. W., Soreide J. A., Jensen E., Gran M., Aahlin E. K., Gaarder T., Monrad-Hansen P. W., Naess P. A., Lauzikas G., Wiborg J., Holte S., Augestad K., Banipal G., Monteleone M., Moe T., Schultz J., Al-Taher T., Hamdan A., Salman A., Saadeh R., Musleh A., Jaradat D., Abushamleh S., Hanoun S., Qumbos A. A., Hamarshi A., Taher A. A., Qawasmi I., Qurie K., Altarayra M., Ghannam M., Shaheen A., Herebat A., Abdelhaq A., Shalabi A., Abu-Toyour M., Asi F., Shamasneh A., Atiyeh A., Mustafa M., Zaatreh R., Dabboor M., Alaloul E., Baraka H., Meqbil J., Al-Buhaisi A., Elshami M., Afana S., Jaber S., Alyacoubi S., Abuowda Y., Idress T., Abuqwaider E., Al-Saqqa S. W., Bowabsak A., Eljamassi A., Hasanain D., Al-Farram H., Firwana A., Hamdan M., Awad I., Ashour A., Al Barrawi F. E., Al-Khatib A., Al-Faqawi M., Fares M., Elmashala A., Adawi M., Adawi I., Khreishi R., Ghaben A., Nadeem N., Saqlain M., Abbasy J., Alvi A. R., Gala T., Shahzad N., Bhopal K. F., Iftikhar Z., Butt M. T., Ul Razi S. A., Niazi A. K., Raza I., Baluch F., Raza A., Bani-Sadar A., Qureshi A. U., Adil M., Javaid M., Waqar M., Khan M., Arshad M., Amjad M., Vega G. M. M., Cardozo J. T., Roche M. O., Servin G. R. P., Lohse H. A. S., Lopez L. I. P., Cardozo R. A. M., Espinoza F., Rojas A. D. P., Sanchez D., Samaniego C. S., Torres S. G., Calua A. 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R., Negoi I., Beuran M., Ciubotaru C., Alphonse M., Uzabumwana N., Duhoranenayo D., Jovine E., Zanini N., Landolfo G., Aljiffry M., Idris F., Alghamdi M. S. A., Maghrabi A., Altaf A., Khalifah E., Gudal A., Albiety A., Alkaaki A., Alshareef R., Khoja A., Nawawi A., Najjar M., Turkustani S., Sahel S., Alzahrani A., Alghamdi A., Alhazmi W., Al Saied G., Alamoudi M., Riaz M. M., Hassanain M., Alhassan B., Altamimi A., Alyahya R., Alsubaie N., Albastawis F., Nouh T., Khan R., Radojkovic M., Jeremic L., Nestorovic M., Law J. H., Tan K. S. K., Tan R. C. K., Tan J. K., Joel L. W. L., Lieske B., Chan X. W., Leong F. Q. H., Chong C. S., Koh S., Lee K. Y., Lee K. C., Pluke K., Dedekind B., Nashidengo P., Hampton M. I., Joosten J., Sobnach S., Roodt L., Sander A., Pape J., Spence R., Maistry N., Ndwambi P., Kinandu K., Tun M., du Toit F., Ellison Q., Burger S., Grobler D. C., Khulu L. B., Moore R., Jennings V., Leusink A., Kariem N., Gouws J., Chu K., Bougard H., Noor F., Dell A., Rayne S., van Straten S., Khamajeet A., Tshisola S. K., Kabongo K., Kong V., Moodley Y., Anderson F., Madiba T., du Plooy F., Hartford L., Chilton G., Karjiker P., Mabitsela M., Ndlovu S., Badicel M., Jaich R., Ruiz-Tovar J., Garcia-Florez L., Otero-Diez J. L., Ramosperez V., Aguadosuarez N., Garcia J. M., Moreno S. C., Collado M. V., Carneros V. J., Septiem J. G., Gonzalez M., Picardo A., Esteban E., Ferrero E., Ortega I., Espin-Basany E., Blanco-Colino R., Andriola V., Lorena I., Contreras E., Garciabernardo C., Pagnozzi J., Sanz S., Miyardeleon A., Dorisme A., Rodicio J., Suarez A., Stuva J., Diazvico T., Fernandez-Vega L., Soldevila-Verdeguer C., Sena-Ruiz F., Pujol-Cano N., Diaz-Jover P., Garcia-Perez J. M., Segura-Sampedro J. J., Pineno-Flores C., Ambrona-Zafra D., Craus-Miguel A., Jimenez-Morillas P., Mazzella A., Jayathilake A. B., Thalgaspitiya S. P. B., Wijayarathna L. S., Wimalge P. M. S. N., Sanni H. A., Ndajiwo A., Okenabirhie O., Homeida A., Younis A., Omer O. A., Abdulaziz M., Mussad A., Gilani A. M., Cengiz Y., Bjorklund I., Ahlqvist S., Thorell A., Wogensen F., Sokratous A., Breistrand M., Thorarinsdottir H., Sigurdadottir J., Nikberg M., Chabok A., Hjertberg M., Elbe P., Saraste D., Rutkowski W., Forlin L., Niska K., Sund M., Oswald D., Peros G., Bluelle R., Reinisch K., Frey D., Palma A., Zumbuhl L., Zuber M., Schmid R., Werder G., Nocito A., Gerosa A., Mahanty S., Widmer L. W., Muller J., Gubeli A., Zuk G., Gulcicek O. B., Altinel Y., Vartanoglu T., Kose E., Karahan S. R., Aydin M. C., Sahbaz N. A., Halicioglu I., Alis H., Sapci I., Adiyaman C., Pektas A. M., Cengiz T. B., Tansoker I., Isler V., Cevik M., Mutlu D., Ozben V., Ozmen B. B., Bayram S., Yolcu S., Kobal B. B., Toto O. F., Cakaloglu H. C., Karabulut K., Mutlu V., Ozkan B. B., Celik S., Semiz A., Bodur S., Gul E., Murutoglu B., Yildirim R., Baki B. 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A., Alhammali T., Salama Y., Kabariti R., Oram S., Kidd T., Cullen F., Owen C., Wilson M., Chiu S., Sarafilovic H., Ploski J., Evans E., Abbas A., Kamya S., Ishak N., Bisset C., Andress C., Chin Y. R., Patel P., Evans D., Haslegrave A., Boggon A., Laurie K., Connor K., Mann T., Nepogodiev D., Mansuri A., Davies R., Griffiths E., Shahbaz A. R., Eng C., Din F., Heveder A. L., Park E. H. G., Ravishankar R., McIntosh K., Yau J. D., Chan L., McGarvie S., Tang L., Lim H., Yap S., Park J., Ng Z., Mirza S., Ang Y. L., Walls L., Roy C., Paterson-Brown S., Camilleri-Brennan J., McLean K., D'Souza M., Pronin S., Henshall D. E., Ter E., Fouad D., Minocha A., English W., Morgan C., Townsend D., Maciejec L., Mahdi S., Akpenyi O., Hall E., Caydiid H., Rob Z., Abbott T., Torrance H. D., Irwin G., Johnston R., Gani M., Gravante G., Rajmohan S., Majid K., Dindyal S., Smith C., Palliyil M., Patel S., Nicholson L., Harvey N., Baillie K., Shillito S., Kershaw S., Bamford R., Orton P., Reunis E., Tyler R., Soon W., Jama G. M., Dhillon D., Patel K., Nanthakumaran S., Heard R., Chen K. Y., Barmayehvar B., Datta U., Kamarajah S. K., Iftekhartani S., Monaghan E., Donnelly P., Walker M., Parakh J., Blacker S., Kaul A., Paramasivan A., Farag S., Nessa A., Awadallah S., Lim J., Cheankhunng J., Gash K., Kiran R. P., Murray A., Etchill E., Dasari M., Puyana J., Haddad N., Zielinski M., Choudhry A., Caliman C., Beamon M., Duane T., Narayanan R., Swaroop M., Myers J., Deal R., Schadde E., Hemmila M., Napolitano L., To K., Makupe A., Musowoya J., Maimbo M., van der Naald N., Kumwenda D., Reece-Smith A., Otten K., Verbeek A., Prins M., Suarez A. A. B., Deane C., Dijan E., Elfiky M., Koskenvuo L., Thollot A., Limoges B., Capito C., Alexandre C., Kotobi H., Leroux J., Pinnagoda K., Henric N., Azzis O., Rosello O., Francois P., Etienne S., Buisson P., Hmila S., Clegg-Lamptey J. -N., Imoro O., Abem O. E., Papageorgiou D., Soulou V., Asturias S., Pena L., Connor D. B. O., Luc A. R., Russo A. A., Ruzzenente A., Taddei A., Cona C., Bottini C., Pascale G., Rotunno G., Solaini L., Pascale M. M., Notarnicola M., Corbellino M., Sacco M., Ubiali P., Cautiero R., Bocchetti T., Muzio E., Guglielmo V., Morandi E., Mao P., de Luca E., Ali F. M., Strupas K., Kondrotas P., Baltrunas R., Kutkevicius J., Ignatavicius P., Tan C. L., Siaw J. Y., Yam S. Y., Wilson L., Aziz M. R. A., Bondin J., Zorrilla C. D., Majbar A., Sale D., Abdullahi L., Osagie O., Faboya O., Fatuga A., Taiwo A., Nwabuoku E., Bliksoen M., Khan Z. A., Coronel J., Miranda C., Vasquez I., Helguero-Santin L. M., Rickard J., Adedeji A., Alqahtani S., Rath M., van Niekerk M., Koto M. Z., Matos-Puig R., Israelsson L., Schuetz T., Yuksek M. A., Mericliler M., Wolf B., Fairfield C., Yong G. L., Whitehurst K., Redgrave N., Musyoka C. K., Olivier J., Lee K., Cox M., Farhan-Alanie M. M. H., Callan R., Chibuye C., Ali T. H. A., Rekhis S., Rommaneh M., Sam Z. H., Pugliesi T. B., Pardo G., Harrison, E. M., Drake, T. M., Ghosh, D., Ademuyiwa, A. O., Bhangu, A., Fitzgerald, J. E., Glasbey, J., Borda-Luque, G., Costas-Chavarri, A., Ntirenganya, F., Fergusson, S. J., Ingabire, J. C. A., Ismail, L., Lilford, R., Mihaljevic, A. L., Morton, D., Mutabazi, A. Z., Adisa, A. O., Ots, R., Pinkney, T., Poskus, T., Shaw, C. A., Verjee, A., Runigamugabo, E., Khatri, C., Mohan, M., Jaffry, Z., Altamini, A., Kirby, A., Soreide, K., Cornick, J., Iyer, D., King, S., Arthur, T., Nahar, S. N., Waterman, A., Lawini, I., Rouse, T., Correa, J. C., Salem, H. K., Worku, M., Arnaud, A., Kalles, V., Aguilera, M. 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S., Haque, M., Faruq, A., Iftekhar, F., O'Shea, M., Padmore, G., Jonnalagadda, R., Litvin, A., Filatau, A., Paulouski, D., Shubianok, M., Shachykava, T., Khokha, D., Khokha, V., Djivoh, F., Lawani, I., Dossou, F., Seto, D. M., Gbessi, D. G., Noukpozounkou, B., Souaibou, Y. I., Keke, K. R., Hodonou, F., Ahounou, E., Alihonou, T., Denakpo, M., Ahlonsou, G., Bedada, A. G., Nsengiyumva, C., Kwizera, S., Barendegere, V., Choi, P., Stock, S., Jamal, L., Firdouse, M., Zani, A., Azzie, G., Kushwaha, S., Agarwal, A., Chen, T. -L., Yip, C., Montes, I., Zapata, F., Sierra, S., Lanau, M. I. V., Arango, M. C. M., Restrepo, I. M., Giraldo, R. S. R., Mendozaarango, M., Domini, E., Karlo, R., Mihanovic, J., Youssef, M., Elfeki, H., Thabet, W., Sanad, A., Tawfik, G., Zaki, A., Abdel-Hameed, N., Mostafa, M., Omar, M. F. W., Ghanem, A., Abdallah, E., Denewer, A., Emara, E., Rashad, E., Sakr, A., Elashry, R., Emile, S., Khafagy, T., Elhamouly, S., Elfarargy, A., Mamdouhmohamed, A., Saiednagy, G., Esam, A., Elwy, E., Hammad, A., Khallaf, S., Ibrahim, E., Saidbadr, A., Moustafa, A., Eldosoukymohammed, A., Elgheriany, M., Abdelmageed, E., Al Raouf, E. A., Elbanby, E., Elmasry, M., Morsyfarahat, M., Yahyamansor, E., Magdyhegazy, E., Gamal, E., Gamal, H., Kandil, H., Maherabdelrouf, D., Moaty, M., Gamal, D., El-Sagheer, N., Salah, M., Magdy, S., Salah, A., Essam, A., Ali, A., Badawy, M., Ahmed, S., Mohamed, M., Assal, A., Sleem, M., Ebidy, M., Abdelrazek, A., Zahran, D., Adam, N., Nazir, M., Hassanein, A. B., Ismail, A., Elsawy, A., Mamdouh, R., Mabrouk, M., Ahmed, L. A. M., Hassabalnaby, M., Magdy, E., Abd-Elmawla, M., Fahim, M., Mowafy, B., Mahmoud, M. I., Allam, M., Alkelani, M., El Gendy, N. H., Aboul-Naga, M. S., Alaael-Din, R., Elgendy, A. H., Ismail, M., Shalaby, M., Elsharkawy, A. A., Moghazy, M. 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A., Elhendawy, A., Latif, A., Adnan, A. B., Shaharuddin, S., Majid, A. H. H. A., Amreia, M., Al-Marakby, D., Salma, M., Basir, E. R. M., Ali, C. D. M., Ata, A. Y., Nasr, M., Rezq, A., Sheta, A., Tariq, S., Sallam, A., Darwish, A. K. Z., Elmihy, S., El Hadry, S., Farag, A., Hajah, H., Seliem, A., Aglan, A., Zohair, A., Essam, M., Moussa, O., El-Gizawy, E., Samy, M., Ali, S., Elhalawany, E., Ata, A., Elhalawany, M., Nashat, M., Soliman, S., Elazab, A., Abdelaziz, M. A., Ibrahim, K., Ibrahim, A. M., Gado, A., Hantour, U., Eldeen, E. A., Loaloa, M. R., Abouzaid, A., Ahmedbahaaeldin, M., Hashad, E., Sroor, F., Gamil, D., Mahmoudabdulhakeem, E., Zakaria, M., Mohamed, F., Abubakr, M., Ali, E., Magdy, H., Ramadan, M., Abdelatymohamed, M., Mansour, S., Abdulazizamin, H., Rabiemohamed, A., Saami, M., Ahmedredaelsayed, N., Tarek, A., Mohyeldeenmahmoud, S., El Sayed, I. M., Yusufshawky, M., Mousasalem, M., El-Din, S. A., Soliman, N. A., Talaat, M., Abdelmoenelhusseiny, S. A. -D. A., Abdullah, N., Elshaar, M., Abdelfatahibraheem, A., Abdulaziz, H., Ismail, M. K., Hamdymadkor, M., Abdelaty, M., Kader, S. M., Mohamedsalah, O., Eldafrawy, M., Zakieldeeb, A., Mahmoudeid, M., Attia, A., El-Dien, K. S., Shwky, A., Badenjki, M. A., Soliman, A., Al Attar, S. M., Sayed, F., Abdelsabour, F., Azizeldine, M. G., Shawqi, M., Hashim, A., Aamer, A., Raouf, A. M. A., Abdelshakour, M., Mahmoud, B., Mahmoud, M. A., Qenawy, M., Rashed, A. M., Dahy, A., Sayed, M., Shamsedine, A. W., Mohamed, B., Hasan, A., Saad, M. M., Abdulbassit, K., Khalidabdelatif, N., Elzahed, N., Elkashash, A., Bekhet, N. M., Hafez, S., Gad, A., Maher, M. E., Abdelsameea, A., Hafez, M., Sabe, A., Ahmed, A., Shahine, A., Dawood, K., Gaafar, S., Husseiny, R., Aboelmagd, O., Mesbah, N., Emadeldin, H., Almeligy, A., Bekhet, A. H., Hasan, D., Alhady, K., Sabe, A. K., Elnajjar, M. A., Aboelella, M., Hamsho, W., Hassan, I., Saad, H., Abdelazim, G., Mahmoud, H., Wael, N., Kandil, A. 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A., Prudhomme, T., Ballouhey, Q., Grosos, C., Fourcade, L., Cecilia, T., Jean-Francois, C., Helene, F. -C., Delforge, X., Haraux, E., Dousset, B., Schiavone, R., Gaujoux, S., Marret, J. -B., Haffreingue, A., Rod, J., Renaux-Petel, M., Lecompte, J. -F., Breaud, J., Gastaldi, P., Taieb, C., Claire, R., Anis, E., Bustangi, N., Lopez, M., Scalabre, A., Grella, M. G., Mariani, A., Podevin, G., Schmitt, F., Hervieux, E., Broch, A., Muller, C., Tabiri, S., Kojo, A. T. T., Bandoh, D., Abantanga, F., Kyereh, M., Asumah, H., Appiah, E. K., Wondoh, P., Gyedu, A., Dally, C., Amoah, K. A. M., Yifieyeh, A., Agbedinu, K., Owusu, F., Amoako-Boateng, M., Dayie, M., Hagan, R., Debrah, S., Ohene-Yeboah, M., Clegg-Lampety, J. -N., Etwire, V., Dakubo, J., Essoun, S., Bonney, W., Glover-Addy, H., Osei-Nketiah, S., Amoako, J., Adu-Aryee, N., Appeadu-Mensah, W., Bediako-Bowan, A., Dedey, F., Ekow, M., Akatibo, E., Yakubu, M., Kordorwu, H. E. 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Asnel, Rodicio, Joselui, Suarez, Aida, Stuva, Jessica, Diazvico, Tamara, Fernandez-Vega, Laura, Soldevila-Verdeguer, Carla, Sena-Ruiz, Fatima, Pujol-Cano, Natalia, Diaz-Jover, Paula, Maria Garcia-Perez, José, Jose Segura-Sampedro, Juan, Pineño-Flores, Cristina, Ambrona-Zafra, David, Craus-Miguel, Andrea, Jimenez-Morillas, Patricia, Mazzella, Angela, B Jayathilake, A, B Thalgaspitiya, S P, S Wijayarathna, L, N Wimalge, P M S, Ayomi Sanni, Hakeem, Ndajiwo, Aliyu, Okenabirhie, Ogheneochuko, Homeida, Anmar, Younis, Abobaker, Abdelbagi Omer, Omer, Abdulaziz, Mustafa, Mussad, Ali, M Gilani, Ali, Björklund, Ida, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Thorell, Ander, Wogensen, Fredrik, Sokratous, Aresti, Breistrand, Michaela, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Sigurdadottir, Johanna, Nikberg, Maziar, Chabok, Abba, Hjertberg, Maria, Elbe, Peter, Saraste, Deborah, Rutkowski, Wiktor, Forlin, Louise, Niska, Karoliina, Sund, Malin, Oswald, Denni, Peros, Georgio, Bluelle, Rafael, Reinisch, Katharina, Frey, Daniel, Palma, Adrian, 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Chibuye, Chali, Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Tebian, Rekhis, Syrine, Rommaneh, Muna, Hao Sam, Zi, Lawani, Ismail, Brunelli Pugliesi, Thay, Pardo, Gabriel, Blanco, Ruth, and GlobalSurg Collaborative: Aneel Bhangu, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Philip Alexander, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Thomas M Drake, Faustin Ntirenganya, J Edward Fitzgerald, Stuart J Fergusson, James Glasbey, Jc Allen Ingabire, Lawani Ismaïl, Hosni Khairy Salem, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Richard Lilford, Andre L Mihaljevic, Dion Morton, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Adewale O Adisa, Riinu Ots, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Tomas Poškus, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Sarah Rayne, Catherine A Shaw, Sebastian Shu, Richard Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Ewen M Harrison, Chetan Khatri, Midhun Mohan, Zahra Jaffry, Afnan Altamini, Andrew Kirby, Kjetil Søreide, Gustavo Recinos, Jen Cornick, Maria Marta Modolo, Dushyant Iyer, Sebastian King, Tom Arthur, Sayeda Nazmum Nahar, Ade Waterman, Michael Walsh, Arnav Agarwal, Augusto Zani, Mohammed Firdouse, Tyler Rouse, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Peep Talving, Mengistu Worku, Alexis Arnaud, Vassilis Kalles, Basant Kumar, Sunil Kumar, Radhian Amandito, Roy Quek, Luca Ansaloni, Ahmed Altibi, Donatas Venskutonis, Justas Zilinskas, Tomas Poskus, John Whitaker, Vanessa Msosa, Yong Yong Tew, Alexia Farrugia, Elaine Borg, Zineb Bentounsi, Tanzeela Gala, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Haya Tahboub, Osaid H Alser, Diego Romani, Sebestian Shu, Piotr Major, Aurel Mironescu, Matei Bratu, Amar Kourdouli, Aliyu Ndajiwo, Abdulaziz Altwijri, Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf, Ahmad Gudal, Al Faifi Jubran, Sam Seisay, Bettina Lieske, Irene Ortega, Jenifa Jeyakumar, Kithsiri J Senanayake, Omar Abdulbagi, Yucel Cengiz, Dmitri Raptis, Yuksel Altinel, Chia Kong, Ella Teasdale, Gareth Irwin, Michael Stoddart, Rakan Kabariti, Sukrit Suresh, Katherine Gash, Ragavan Narayanan, Mayaba 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Souaibou, Kpèmahouton René Keke, Fred Hodonou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane Ahounou, Thierry Alihonou, Max Dénakpo, Germain Ahlonsou, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Sandrine Kwizera, Venerand Barendegere, Philip Choi, Simon Stock, Luai Jamal, Georges Azzie, Sameer Kushwaha, Tzu-Ling Chen, Chingwan Yip, Irene Montes, Felipe Zapata, Sebastian Sierra, Maria Isabel Villegas Lanau, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Ivan Mendoza Restrepo, Ruben Santiago Restrepo Giraldo, Edgar Domini, Robert Karlo, Jakov Mihanovic, Mohamed Youssef, Hossam Elfeki, Waleed Thabet, Aly Sanad, Gehad Tawfik, Ahmed Zaki, Noran Abdel-Hameed, Mohamed Mostafa, Muhammad Fathi Waleed Omar, Ahmed Ghanem, Emad Abdallah, Adel Denewer, Eman Emara, Eman Rashad, Ahmad Sakr, Rehab Elashry, Sameh Emile, Toqa Khafagy, Sara Elhamouly, Arwa Elfarargy, Amna Mamdouh Mohamed, Ghada Saied Nagy, Abeer Esam, Eman Elwy, Aya Hammad, Salwa Khallaf, Eman Ibrahim, Ahmed Said Badr, Ahmed Moustafa, Amany Eldosouky Mohammed, Mohammed Elgheriany, Eman Abdelmageed, Eman Abd Al Raouf, Esraa Samir Elbanby, Maha Elmasry, Mahitab Morsy Farahat, Eman Yahya Mansor, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Esraa Gamal, Heba Gamal, Hend Kandil, Doaa Maher Abdelrouf, Mohamed Moaty, Dina Gamal, Nada El-Sagheer, Mohamed Salah, Salma Magdy, Asmaa Salah, Ahmed Essam, Ahmed Ali, Mahmoud Badawy, Sara Ahmed, Mazed Mohamed, Abdelrahman Assal, Mohamed Sleem, Mai Ebidy, Aly Abd-Elrazek, Diaaaldin Zahran, Nourhan Adam, Mohamed Nazir, Adel B Hassanein, Ahmed Ismail, Amira Elsawy, Rana Mamdouh, Mohamed Mabrouk, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Hassab Alnaby, Eman Magdy, Manar Abd-Elmawla, Marwan Fahim, Bassant Mowafy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Meran Allam, Muhammad Alkelani, Noran Halim El Gendy, Mariam Saad Aboul-Naga, Reham Alaa El-Din, Alyaa Halim Elgendy, Mohamed Ismail, Mahmoud Shalaby, Aya Adel Elsharkawy, Mahmoud Elsayed Moghazy, Khaled Hesham Elbisomy, Hend Abdel Gawad Shakshouk, Mohamed Fouad Hamed, Mai Mohamed Ebidy, Mostafa Abdelkader, Mohamed Karkeet, Hayam Ahmed, Israa Adel, Mohammad Elsayed Omar, Mohamed Ibrahim, Omar Ghoneim, Omar Hesham, Shimaa Gamal, Karim Hilal, Omar Arafa, Sawsan Adel Awad, Menatalla Salem, Fawzia Abdellatif Elsherif, Nourhan Elsabbagh, Moustafa R Aboelsoud, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Amr Hossameldin, Ethar Hany, Yomna Hosny Asar, Nourhan Anwar, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Samar Abdelhady, Eman Mohamed Morshedy, Reham Saad, Nourhan Soliman, Mahmoud Salama, Eslam Ezzat, Arwa Mohamed, Arwa Ibrahim, Alaa Fergany, Sara Mohammed, Aya Reda, Yomna Allam, Hanan Adel Saad, Afnan Abdelfatah, Aya Mohamed Fathy, Ahmed El-Sehily, Esraa Abdalmageed Kasem, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset Hassan, Ahmed Rabeih Mohammed, Abdalla Gamal Saad, Yasmin Elfouly, Nesma Elfouly, Arij Ibrahim, Amr Hassaan, Mohammed Mustafa Mohammed, Ghada Elhoseny, Mohamed Magdy, Esraa Abd Elkhalek, Yehia Zakaria, Tarek Ezzat, Ali Abo El Dahab, Mohamed Kelany, Sara Arafa, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Nermin Mohamed Badwi, Ahmad Saber Sleem, Hussien Ahmed, Kholoud Abdelbadeai, Mohamed Abozed Abdullah, Muhammad Amsyar Auni Lokman, Suraya Bahar, Anan Rady Abdelazeam, Abdelrahman Adelshone, Muhammad Bin Hasnan, Athirah Zulkifli, Siti Nur Alia Kamarulzamil, Abdelaziz Elhendawy, Aliang Latif, Ahmad Bin Adnan, Shahadatul Shaharuddin, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul Majid, Mahmoud Amreia, Dina Al-Marakby, Mahmoud Salma, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin Ismail, Elissa Rifhan Mohd Basir, Citra Dewi Mohd Ali, Aya Yehia Ata, Maha Nasr, Asmaa Rezq, Ahmed Sheta, Sherif Tariq, Abd Elkhalek Sallam, Abdelrhman Kz Darwish, Sohaila Elmihy, Shady Elhadry, Ahmed Farag, Haidar Hajeh, Abdelaziz Abdelaal, Amro Aglan, Ahmed Zohair, Mahitab Essam, Omar Moussa, Esraa El-Gizawy, Mostafa Samy, Safia Ali, Esraa El Halawany, Ahmed Ata, Mohamed El Halawany, Mohamed Nashat, Samar Soliman, Alaa Elazab, Mostada Samy, Mohamed A Abdelaziz, Khaled Ibrahim, Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim, Ammar Gado, Usama Hantour, Esraa Alm Eldeen, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Arwa Abouzaid, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa Eldin, Eman Hashad, Fathy Sroor, Doaa Gamil, Eman Mahmoud Abdulhakeem, Mahmoud Zakaria, Fawzy Mohamed, Marwan Abubakr, Elsayed Ali, Hesham Magdy, Menna Tallah Ramadan, Mohamed Abdelaty Mohamed, Salma Mansour, Hager Abdul Aziz Amin, Ahmed Rabie Mohamed, Mahmoud Saami, Nada Ahmed Reda Elsayed, Adham Tarek, Sabry Mohy Eldeen Mahmoud, Islam Magdy El Sayed, Amira Reda, Martina Yusuf Shawky, Mohammed Mousa Salem, Shahinaz Alaa El-Din, Noha Abdullah Soliman, Muhammed Talaat, Shahinaz Alaael-Dein, Ahmed Abd Elmoen Elhusseiny, Noha Abdullah, Mohammed Elshaar, Aya Abdelfatah Ibraheem, Hager Abdulaziz, Mohammed Kamal Ismail, Mona Hamdy Madkor, Mohamed Abdelaty, Sara Mahmoud Abdel-Kader, Osama Mohamed Salah, Mahmoud Eldafrawy, Ahmed Zaki Eldeeb, Mostafa Mahmoud Eid, Attia Attia, Khalid Salah El-Dien, Ayman Shwky, Mohamed Adel Badenjki, Abdelrahman Soliman, Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar, Farrag Sayed, Fahd Abdel Sabour, Mohammed G Azizeldine, Muhammad Shawqi, Abdullah Hashim, Ahmed Aamer, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelraouf, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Amal Ibrahim, Basma Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali Mahmoud, Mostafa Qenawy, Ahmed M Rashed, Ahmed Dahy, Marwa Sayed, Ahmed W Shamsedine, Bakeer Mohamed, Ahmad Hasan, Mahmoud M Saad, Khalil Abdul Bassit, Nadia Khalid Abd El-Latif, Nada Elzahed, Ahmed El Kashash, Nada Mohamed Bekhet, Sarah Hafez, Ahmed Gad, Mahmoud Elkhadragy Maher, Ahmed Abd El-Sameea, Mohamed Hafez, Ahmad Sabe, Ataa Ahmed, Ahmed Shahine, Khaled Dawood, Shireen Gaafar, Reem Husseiny, Omnia Aboelmagd, Ahmed Soliman, Nourhan Mesbah, Hossam Emadeldin, Amgad Al Meligy, Amira Hassan Bekhet, Doaa Hasan, Khaled Alhady, Ahmad Khaled Sabe, Mahmoud A Elnajjar, Majed Aboelella, Ward Hamsho, Ihab Hassan, Hala Saad, Galaleldin Abdelazim, Hend Mahmoud, Noha Wael, Ahmedali M Kandil, Ahmed Magdy, Shimaa Said Elkholy, Badr Eldin Adel, Kareem Dabbour, Saged Elsherbiney, Omar Mattar, Abdulshafi Khaled AbdRabou, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed Aly, Abdelrahman Geuoshy, Ahmedglal Elnagar, Saraibrahim Ahmed, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Amr Ahmed Saleh, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, Manar Saeed, Shady Mahmoud, Badreldin Adel Tawfik, Samar Adel Ismail, Esraay Zakaria, Mariam O Gad, Mohamed Salah Elhelbawy, Monica Bassem, Noha Maraie, Nourhan Medhat Elhadary, Nourhan Semeda, Shaza Rabie Mohamed, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, A A Essam, Dina Tarek, Khlood Ashour, Alaa Elhadad, Abdulrahman Abdel-Aty, Ibrahim Rakha, Sara Mamdouh Matter, Rasha Abdelhamed, Omar Abdelkader, Ayat Hassaan, Yasmin Soliman, Amna Mohamed, Sara Ghanem, Sara Amr Mohamed Farouk, Eman Mohamed Ibrahim, Esraa El-Taher, Merna Mostafa, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous Badr, Rofida Elsemelawy, Aya El-Sawy, Ahmad Bakr, Ahmad Abdel Razaq Al Rafati, Sten Saar, Arvo Reinsoo, Nebyou Seyoum, Tewodros Worku, Agazi Fitsum, Matti Tolonen, Ari Leppäniemi, Ville Sallinen, Benogreît Parmentier, Matthieu Peycelon, Sabine Irtan, Sabrina Dardenne, Elsa Robert, Betty Maillot, Etienne Courboin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud, Juliette Hascoet, Olivier Abbo, Amir Ait Kaci, Thomas Prudhomme, Quentin Ballouhey, Céline Grosos, Laurent Fourcade, Tolg Cecilia, Colombani Jean-Francois, Francois-Coridon Helene, Xavier Delforge, Elodie Haraux, Bertrand Dousset, Roberto Schiavone, Sebastien Gaujoux, Jean-Baptiste Marret, Aurore Haffreingue, Julien Rod, Mariette Renaux-Petel, Jean-François Lecompte, Jean Bréaud, Pauline Gastaldi, Chouikh Taieb, Raquillet Claire, Echaieb Anis, Nasir Bustangi, Manuel Lopez, Aurelien Scalabre, Maria Giovanna Grella, Aurora Mariani, Guillaume Podevin, Françoise Schmitt, Erik Hervieux, Aline Broch, Cecile Muller, Dickson Bandoh, Francis Abantanga, Martin Kyereh, Hamza Asumah, Eric Kofi Appiah, Paul Wondoh, Adam Gyedu, Charles Dally, Kwabena Agbedinu, Michael Amoah, Abiboye Yifieyeh, Kwabena Agbedinu, Frank Owusu, Mabel Amoako-Boateng, Makafui Dayie, Richmond Hagan, Sam Debrah, Micheal Ohene-Yeboah, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lampety, Victor Etwire, Jonathan Dakubo, Samuel Essoun, William Bonney, Hope Glover-Addy, Samuel Osei-Nketiah, Joachim Amoako, Niiarmah Adu-Aryee, William Appeadu-Mensah, Antoinette Bediako-Bowan, Florence Dedey, Mattew Ekow, Emmanuel Akatibo, Musah Yakubu, Hope Edem Kofi Kordorwu, Kwasi Asare-Bediako, Enoch Tackie, Kenneth Aaniana, Emmanuel Acquah, Richard Opoku-Agyeman, Anthony Avoka, Kwasi Kusi, Kwame Maison, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Gandau Naa Barnabas, Saiba Abdul-Latif, Philip Taah Amoako, Anthony Davor, Victor Dassah, Enoch Dagoe, Prince Kwakyeafriyie, Elliot Akoto, Eric Ackom, Ekow Mensah, Ebenezer Takyi Atkins, Christian Lari Coompson, Nikolaos Ivros, Christoforos Ferousis, Vasileios Kalles, Christos Agalianos, Ioannis Kyriazanos, Christos Barkolias, Angelos Tselos, Georgios Tzikos, Evangelos Voulgaris, Dimitrios Lytras, Athanasia Bamicha, Kyriakos Psarianos, Anastasios Stefanopoulos, Ioannis Patoulias, Dimitrios Sfougaris, Ioannis Valioulis, Dimitrios Balalis, Dimitrios Korkolis, Dimitrios K Manatakis, Georgios Kyrou, Georgios Karabelias, Iason-Antonios Papaskarlatos, Kolonia Konstantina, Nikolaos Zampitis, Stylianos Germanos, Aspasia Papailia, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Georgios Gkiokas, Magdalini Mitroudi, Christina Panteli, Thomas Feidantsis, Konstantinos Farmakis, Dimitrios Kyziridis, Orestis Ioannidis, Styliani Parpoudi, Georgios Gemenetzis, Stavros Parasyris, Christos Anthoulakis, Nikolaos Nikoloudis, Michail Margaritis, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Otto Coyoy-Gaitan, Javier Rosales, Luis Tale, Rafael Soley, Emmanuel Barrios, Servio Tulio Torres Rodriguez, Carlos Paz Galvez, Danilo Herrera Cruz, Guillermo Sanchez Rosenberg, Alejandro Matheu, David Monterroso Cohen, Marie Paul, Angeline Charles, Justin Chak Yiu Lam, Man Hon Andrew Yeung, Chi Ying Jacquelyn Fok, Ka Hin Gabriel Li, Anthony Chuk-Him Lai, Yuk Hong Eric Cheung, Hong Yee Wong, Ka Wai Leung, Tien Seng Bryan Lee, Wai Him Lam, Weihei Dao, Stephanie Hiu-Wai Kwok, Tsz-Yan Katie Chan, Yung Kok Ng, Twc Mak, Chi Chung Foo, James Yang, Ankur Bhatnagar, Vijaid Upadhyaya, Uday Muddebihal, Wasim Dar, K C Janardhan, Neerav Aruldas, Fidelis Jacklyn Adella, Anthonius Santoso Rulie, Ferdy Iskandar, Jonny Setiawan, Cicilia Viany Evajelista, Hani Natalie, Arlindawati Suyadi, Rudy Gunawan, Herlin Karismaningtyas, Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih Mata, Ferry Fitriya Ayu Andika, Afifatun Hasanah, T Ariani Widiastini, Nurlaila Ayu Purwaningsih, Annisa Dewi Fitriana Mukin, Dina Faizatur Rahmah, Hazmi Dwinanda Nurqistan, Hasbi Maulana Arsyad, Novia Adhitama, Wifanto Saditya Jeo, Nathania Sutandi, Audrey Clarissa, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Matthew Billy, Andreass Haloho, Nadya Johanna, Felix Lee, Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin Dorani, Martha Glynn, Mohammad Alherz, Wennweoi Goh, Haaris A Shiwani, Lorraine Sproule, Kevin C Conlon, Miklosh Bala, Asaf Kedar, Luca Turati, Federica Bianco, Francesca Steccanella, Gaetano Gallo, Mario Trompetto, Giuseppe Clerico, Matteo Papandrea, Giuseppe Sammarco, Rosario Sacco, Angelo Benevento, Luisa Giavarini, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Luigi Bucci, Gianluca Pagano, Viviana Sollazzo, Roberto Peltrini, Gaetano Luglio, Arianna Birindelli, Salomone Di Saverio, Gregorio Tugnoli, Miguel Angel Paludi, Pietro Mingrone, Domenica Pata, Francesco Selvaggi, Lucio Selvaggi, Gianluca Pellino, Natale Di Martino, Gianluca Curletti, Paolo Aonzo, Raffaele Galleano, Stefano Berti, Elisa Francone, Silvia Boni, Laura Lorenzon, Annalisa Lo Conte, Genoveffa Balducci, Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti, Laura Gavagna, Giorgio Vasquez, Simone Targa, Savino Occhionorelli, Dario Andreotti, Giacomo Pata, Andrea Armellini, Deborah Chiesa, Fabrizio Aquilino, Nicola Chetta, Arcangelo Picciariello, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Andrea Belli, Silvia De Franciscis, Annamaria Bigaran, Alessandro Favero, Stefano Mm Basso, Paola Salusso, Martina Perino, Sylvie Mochet, Diego Sasia, Francesco Riente, Marco Migliore, David Merlini, Silvia Basilicò, Carlo Corbellini, Veronica Lazzari, Yuri Macchitella, Luigi Bonavina, Daniele Angelieri, Diego Coletta, Federica Falaschi, Marco Catani, Claudia Reali, Mariastella Malavenda, Celeste Del Basso, Sergio Ribaldi, Massimo Coletti, Andrea Natili, Norma Depalma, Immacolata Iannone, Angelo Antoniozzi, Davide Rossi, Daniele Gui, Gerardo Perrotta, Matteo Ripa, Francesco Ruben Giardino, Maurizio Foco, Erika Vicario, Federico Coccolini, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Nicoletta Leone, Andrea Bondurri, Anna Maffioli, Andrea Simioni, Davide De Boni, Sandro Pasquali, Elena Goldin, Elena Vendramin, Eleonora Ciccioli, Umberto Tedeschi, Luca Bortolasi, Paola Violi, Tommaso Campagnaro, Simone Conci, Giovanni Lazzari, Calogero Iacono, Alfredo Gulielmi, Serena Manfreda, Anna Rinaldi, Maria Novella Ringressi, Beatrice Brunoni, Giuseppe Salamone, Mirko Mangiapane, Paolino De Marco, Antonella La Brocca, Roberta Tutino, Vania Silvestri, Leo Licari, Tommaso Fontana, Nicolò Falco, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Mostafa Shalaby, Pierpaolo Sileri, Claudio Arcudi, Isam Bsisu, Khaled Aljboor, Lana Abusalem, Aseel Alnusairat, Ahmad Qaissieh, Emad Al-Dakka, Ali Ababneh, Oday Halhouli, Taha Yusufali, Hussein Mohammed, Justus Lando, Robert Parker, Wairimu Ndegwa, Mantas Jokubauskas, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Justas Kuliavas, Audrius Dulskas, Narimantas E Samalavicius, Kristijonas Jasaitis, Audrius Parseliunas, Viktorija Nevieraite, Margarita Montrimaite, Evelina Slapelyte, Edvinas Dainius, Romualdas Riauka, Zilvinas Dambrauskas, Andrejus Subocius, Linas Venclauskas, Antanas Gulbinas, Saulius Bradulskis, Simona Kasputyte, Deimante Mikuckyte, Mindaugas Kiudelis, Tomas Jankus, Steponas Petrikenas, Matas Pažuskis, Zigmantas Urniežius, Mantas Vilčinskas, Vincas Jonas Banaitis, Vytautas Gaižauskas, Edvard Grisin, Povilas Mazrimas, Rokas Rackauskas, Mantas Drungilas, Karolis Lagunavicius, Vytautas Lipnickas, Dovilè Majauskyté, Valdemaras Jotautas, Tomas Abaliksta, Laimonas Uščinas, Gintaras Simutis, Adomas Ladukas, Donatas Danys, Erikas Laugzemys, Saulius Mikalauskas, Elena Zdanyte Sruogiene, Petras Višinskas, Reda Žilinskienė, Deividas Dragatas, Andrius Burmistrovas, Zygimantas Tverskis, Arturas Vaicius, Ruta Mazelyte, Antanas Zadoroznas, Nerijus Kaselis, Greta Žiubrytė, Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence Rahantasoa, Luc Hervé Samison, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina Tolotra, Cornelius Mukuzunga, Chimwemwe Kwatiwani, Nelson Msiska, Feng Yih Chai, Siti Mohd Desa Asilah, Khuzaimah Zahid Syibrah, Pui Xin Chin, Afizah Salleh, Nur Zulaika Riswan, April Camilla Roslani, Hoong-Yin Chong, Nora Abdul Aziz, Keat-Seong Poh, Chu-Ann Chai, Sandip Kumar, Mustafa Mohammed Taher, Nik Ritza Kosai, Dayang Nita Abdul Aziz, Reynu Rajan, Rokayah Julaihi, Durvesh Lacthman Jethwani, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Yahaya, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah, Susan Wndy Mathew, Kuet Jun Chung, Milaksh Kumar Nirumal, R Goh Ern Tze, Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali, Yiing Yee Gan, Jesse Ron Swire Ting, Samuel S Y Sii, Kean Leong Koay, Yi Koon Tan, Alvin Ee Zhiun Cheah, Chui Yee Wong, Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Crystal Yern Nee Chow, Prisca Al Har, Yishan Der, Fitjerald Henry, Xinwei Low, Ya Theng Neo, Hian Ee Heng, Shu Ning Kong, Cheewei Gan, Yi Ting Mok, Yee Wen Tan, Kandasami Palayan, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Yih Jeng Cheong, Kuhaendran Gunaseelan, Wan Nurul 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Pigeneswaren Yoganathan, Eu Xian Lee, Jian Er Saw, Li Jing Yeang, Pei Ying Koh, Shyang Yee Lim, Shuang Yi Teo, Nicole Grech, Daniela Magri, Kristina Cassar, Christine Mizzi, Malcolm Falzon, Nihaal Shaikh, Ruth Scicluna, Stefan Zammit, Sean Mizzi, Svetlana Doris Brincat, Thelma Tembo, Vu Thanh Hien Le, Tara Grima, Keith Sammut, Kurt Carabott, Ciskje Zarb, Andre Navarro, Thea Dimech, Georgette Marie Camilleri, Isaac Bertuello, Jeffrey Dalli, Karl Bonavia, Samantha Corro-Diaz, Marisol Manriquez-Reyes, Amina Abdelhamid, Abdelmalek Hrora, Sarah Benammi, Houda Bachri, Meryem Abbouch, Khaoula Boukhal, Redouane Mammar Bennai, Abdelkader Belkouchi, Mohamed Sobhi Jabal, Chaymae Benyaiche, Maarten Vermaas, Lucia Duinhouwer, Javier Pastora, Greta Wood, Maria Soledad Merlo, Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Taiwo Lawal, Abdussemiu Abdurrazzaaq, Muslimat Alada, Abdulrasheed Nasir, James Adeniran, Olufemi Habeeb, Ademola Popoola, Ademola Adeyeye, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Adewale Adeniyi, Henry Mendel, Bashir Bello, Umar Muktar, Adedapo Osinowo, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Oyindamola Oshati, George Ihediwa, Babajide Adenekan, Victor Nwinee, Felix Alakaloko, Olumide Elebute, Abdulrazzaq Lawal, Chris Bode, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi, Alaba Adesina, Olubukola Faturoti, Oluwatomi Odutola, Oluwaseyi Adebola, Clement Onuoha, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Omolara Williams, Fatai Balogun, Olalekan Ajai, Mobolaji Oludara, Iloba Njokanma, Roland Osuoji, Stephen Kache, Jonathan Ajah, Jerry Makama, Ahmed Adamu, Suleiman Baba, Mohammad Aliyu, Shamsudeen Aliyu, Yahaya Ukwenya, Halima Aliyu, Tunde Sholadoye, Muhammad Daniyan, Oluseyi Ogunsua, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Abdurrahaman Sheshe, Aminu Mohammad, Samson Olori, Philip Mshelbwala, Babatunde Odeyemi, Garba Samson, Oyediran Kehinde Timothy, Sani Ali Samuel, Anthony Ajiboye, Isaac Amole, Olajide Abiola, Akin Olaolorun, Torhild Veen, Arezo Kanani, Kristian Styles, Ragnar Herikstad, Johannes Wiik Larsen, Jon Arne Søreide, Elisabeth Jensen, Mads Gran, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Tina Gaarder, Peter Wiel Monrad-Hansen, Pål Aksel Næss, Giedrius Lauzikas, Joachim Wiborg, Silje Holte, Knut Magne Augestad, Gurpreet Singh Banipal, Michela Monteleone, Thomas Tetens Moe, Johannes Kurt Schultz, Najwa Nadeem, Muhammad Saqlain, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Rehman Alvi, Noman Shahzad, Kamran Faisal Bhopal, Zainab Iftikhar, Muhammad Talha Butt, Syed Asaat Ul Razi, Asdaq Ahmed, Ali Khan Niazi, Ibrahim Raza, Fatima Baluch, Ahmed Raza, Ahmad Bani-Sadar, Muhammad Adil, Awais Raza, Mahnoor Javaid, Muhammad Waqar, Maryam Ali Khan, Mohammad Mohsin Arshad, Mohammad Asim Amjad, Taher Al-Taher, Ayah Hamdan, Ayman Salman, Rana Saadeh, Aseel Musleh, Dana Jaradat, Soha Abushamleh, Sakhaa Hanoun, Amjad Abu Qumbos, Aseel Hamarshi, Ayman And Taher, Israa Qawasmi, Khalid Qurie, Marwa Altarayra, Mohammad Ghannam, Alaa Shaheen, Azher Herebat, Aram Abdelhaq, Ahmad Shalabi, Maram Abu-Toyour, Fatema Asi, Ala Shamasneh, Anwar Atiyeh, Mousa Mustafa, Rula Zaa'treh, Majd Dabboor, Enas Alaloul, Heba Baraka, Jehad Meqbil, Alaa Al-Buhaisi, Mohamedraed Elshami, Samah Afana, Sahar Jaber, Said Alyacoubi, Yousef Abuowda, Tasneem Idress, Eman Abuqwaider, Sara Al-Saqqa, Alaa Bowabsak, Alaa El Jamassi, Doaa Hasanain, Hadeel Al-Farram, Maram Salah, Aya Firwana, Marwa Hamdan, Israa Awad, Ahmad Ashour, Fayez Elian Al Barrawi, Ahmed Alkhatib, Maha Al-Faqawi, Mohamed Fares, Amjad Elmashala, Mohammad Adawi, Ihdaa Adawi, Reem Khreishi, Rose Khreishi, Ahmad Ashour, Ahed Ghaben, Gustavo Miguel Machain Vega, Jorge Torres Cardozo, Marcelo O'Higgins Roche, Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen Servin, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Larissa Ines Páez Lopez, Ramón Augusto Melo Cardozo, Fernando Espinoza, Angel David Pérez Rojas, Diana Sanchez, Camila Sanchez Samaniego, Shalon Guevara Torres, Alexander Canta Calua, Cesar Razuri, Nadia Ortiz, Xianelle Rodriguez, Nahilia Carrasco, Fridiz Saravia, Hector Shibao Miyasato, María Valcarcel-Saldaña, Ysabel Esthefany Alejos Bermúdez, Juan Carpio, Walter Ruiz Panez, Pedro Angel Toribio Orbegozo, Carolina Guzmán Dueñas, Kevin Turpo Espinoza, Ana Maria Sandoval Barrantes, Jorge Armando Chungui Bravo, Lorena Fuentes-Rivera, Carmen Fernández, Bárbara Málaga, Joselyn Ye, Ricardo Velasquez, Jannin Salcedo, Ana Lucia Contreras-Vergara, Angelica Genoveva Vergara Mejia, Maria Soledad Gonzales Montejo, Marilia Del Carmen Escalante Salas, Willy Alcca Ticona, Marvin Vargas, George Christian Manrique Sila, Robinson Mas, Arazzelly Del Pilar Paucar, Armando José Román Velásquez, Alina Robledo-Rabanal, Ludwing Alexander Zeta Solis, Kenny Turpo Espinoza, José Luis Hamasaki Hamaguchi, Erick Samuel Florez Farfan, Linda Alvi Madrid Barrientos, Juan Jaime Herrera Matta, John Jemuel V Mora, Menold Archee P Redota, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Maria Jesusa B Maño, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Christel Leanne Almanon, Maciej Walędziak, Rafał Roszkowski, Michał Janik, Anna Lasek, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Cristina Fernandes, Jose Costa-Maia, Renato Melo, Liviu Muntean, Aurel Sandu Mironescu, Lucian Corneliu Vida, Mariuca Popa, Hogea Mircea, Mihaela Vartic, Bogdan Diaconescu, Matei Razvan Bratu, Ionut Negoi, Mircea Beuran, Cezar Ciubotaru, Norbert Uzabumwana, Dieudonne Duhoranenayo, Elio Jovine, Nicola Zanini, Giovanni Landolfo, Murad Aljiffry, Faisal Idris, Mohammed Saleh A Alghamdi, Ashraf Maghrabi, Abdulmalik Altaf, Aroub Alkaaki, Ahmad Khoja, Abrar Nawawi, Sondos Turkustani, Eyad Khalifah, Adel Albiety, Sarah Sahel, Reham Alshareef, Mohammed Najjar, Ahmed Alzahrani, Ahmed Alghamdi, Wedyan Alhazmi, Ghiath Al Saied, Mohammed Alamoudi, Muhammed Masood Riaz, Mazen Hassanain, Basmah Alhassan, Abdullah Altamimi, Reem Alyahya, Norah Al Subaie, Fatema Al Bastawis, Afnan Altamimi, Thamer Nouh, Roaa Khan, Milan Radojkovic, Ljiljana Jeremic, Milica Nestorovic, Jia Hao Law, Keith Say Kwang Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat Tan, Joel Kin Tan, Lau Wen Liang Joel, Xue Wei Chan, Faith Qi Hui Leong, Choon Seng Chong, Sharon Koh, Kai Yin Lee, Kuok Chung Lee, Kent Pluke, Britta Dedekind, Puyearashid Nashidengo, Mark Ian Hampton, Johanna Joosten, Sanju Sobnach, Liana Roodt, Anthony Sander, James Pape, Niveshni Maistry, Phumudzo Ndwambi, Kamau Kinandu, Myint Tun, Frederick Du Toit, Quinn Ellison, Sule Burger, D C Grobler, Lawrence Bongani Khulu, Rachel Moore, Vicky Jennings, Astrid Leusink, Nazmie Kariem, Juan Gouws, Kathryn Chu, Heather Bougard, Fazlin Noor, Angela Dell, Stephanie Van Straten, Arvin Khamajeet, Serge Kapenda Tshisola, Kalangu Kabongo, Victor Kong, Yoshan Moodley, Frank Anderson, Thandinkosi Madiba, Flip du Plooy, Leila Hartford, Gareth Chilton, Parveen Karjiker, Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu, Maria Badicel, Robert Jaich, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Luis Garcia-Florez, Jorge L Otero-Díez, Virginia Ramos Pérez, Nuria Aguado Suárez, Javier Minguez García, Sara Corral Moreno, Maria Vicenta Collado, Virginia Jiménez Carneros, Javier García Septiem, Mariana Gonzalez, Antonio Picardo, Enrique Esteban, Esther Ferrero, Eloy Espin-Basany, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Valeria Andriola, Lorena Solar García, Elisa Contreras, Carmen García Bernardo, Janet Pagnozzi, Sandra Sanz, Alberto Miyar de León, Asnel Dorismé, Joseluis Rodicio, Aida Suarez, Jessica Stuva, Tamara Diaz Vico, Laura Fernandez-Vega, Carla Soldevila-Verdeguer, Fatima Sena-Ruiz, Natalia Pujol-Cano, Paula Diaz-Jover, José Maria Garcia-Perez, Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro, Cristina Pineño-Flores, David Ambrona-Zafra, Andrea Craus-Miguel, Patricia Jimenez-Morillas, Angela Mazzella, A B Jayathilake, Spb Thalgaspitiya, L S Wijayarathna, Pmsn Wimalge, Hakeem Ayomi Sanni, Ogheneochuko Okenabirhie, Anmar Homeida, Abobaker Younis, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Mustafa Abdulaziz, Ali Mussad, Ali Adam, Ida Björklund, Sandra Ahlqvist, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Arestis Sokratous, Michaela Breistrand, Hildur Thorarinsdottir, Johanna Sigurdadottir, Maziar Nikberg, Abbas Chabok, Maria Hjertberg, Peter Elbe, Deborah Saraste, Wiktor Rutkowski, Louise Forlin, Karoliina Niska, Malin Sund, Dennis Oswald, Georgios Peros, Rafael Bluelle, Katharina Reinisch, Daniel Frey, Adrian Palma, Dimitri Aristotle Raptis, Lucius Zumbühl, Markus Zuber, Roger Schmid, Gabriela Werder, Antonio Nocito, Alexandra Gerosa, Silke Mahanty, Lukas Werner Widmer, Julia Müller, Alissa Gübeli, Grzegorz Zuk, Osman Bilgin Gulcicek, Talar Vartanoglu, Emin Kose, Servet Rustu Karahan, Mehmet Can Aydin, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Ilkay Halicioglu, Halil Alis, Ipek Sapci, Can Adiyaman, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Turgut Bora Cengiz, Ilkan Tansoker, Vedatcan Işler, Muazzez Cevik, Deniz Mutlu, Volkan Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Sefa Bayram, Sinem Yolcu, Berna Buse Kobal, Ömer Faruk Toto, Haluk Cem Çakaloğlu, Kagan Karabulut, Vahit Mutlu, Bahar Busra Ozkan, Saban Celik, Anil Semiz, Selim Bodur, Enisburak Gül, Busra Murutoglu, Reyyan Yildirim, Bahadir Emre Baki, Ekin Arslan, Mehmet Ulusahin, Ali Guner, Kudir Tomas, Nathan Walker, Nikhita Shrimanker, Simon Cole, Ryan Breslin, Ravi Srinivasan, Mohamed Elshaer, Kristina Hunter, Ahmed Al-Bahrani, Ignatius Liew, Nora Grace Mairs, Alistair Rocke, Lachlan Dick, Mobeen Qureshi, Debkumar Chowdhury, Naomi Wright, Clare Skerritt, Dorothy Kufeji, Adrienne Ho, Tharindra Dissanayake, Athula Tennakoon, Wadah Ali, Shujing Jane Lim, Charlene Tan, Stephen O'Neill, Catrin Jones, Stephen Knight, Dima Nassif, Abhishek Sharma, Oliver Warren, Rebecca White, Aia Mehdi, Nathan Post, Eliana Kalakouti, Enkhbat Dashnyam, Frederick Stourton, Ioannis Mykoniatis, Chelise Currow, Francisca Wong, Ashish Gupta, Veeranna Shatkar, Joshua Luck, Suraj Kadiwar, Alexander Smedley, Rebecca Wakefield, Philip Herrod, James Blackwell, Jonathan Lund, Fraser Cohen, Ashwath Bandi, Stefano Giuliani, Giles Bond-Smith, Theodore Pezas, Neda Farhangmehr, Tomas Urbonas, Miklos Perenyei, Philip Ireland, Natalie Blencowe, Kirk Bowling, David Bunting, Lydia Longstaff, Kenneth Keogh, Hyunjin Jeon, Muhammad Rafaih Iqbal, Shivun Khosla, Anna Jeffery, James Perera, Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem, Tariq Alhammali, Yahya Salama, Shaun Oram, Thomas Kidd, Fraser Cullen, Christopher Owen, Michael Wilson, Seehui Chiu, Hannah Sarafilovic, Jennifer Ploski, Elizabeth Evans, Athar Abbas, Sylvia Kamya, Norzawani Ishak, Carly Bisset, Cedar Andress, Ye Ru Chin, Priya Patel, David Evans, Aidan Haslegrave, Adam Boggon, Kirsten Laurie, Katie Connor, Thomas Mann, Anahita Mansuri, Rachel Davies, Ewen Griffiths, Aized Raza Shahbaz, Calvin Eng, Farhat Din, Ariadne L'Heveder, Esther Hg Park, Ramanish Ravishankar, Kirsten McIntosh, Jih Dar Yau, Luke Chan, Susan McGarvie, Lingshan Tang, Hui Lim, Suhhuey Yap, Jay Park, Zhan Herr Ng, Shahrukh Mirza, Yun Lin Ang, Luke Walls, Chloe Roy, Simon Paterson-Brown, Julian Camilleri-Brennan, Kenneth Mclean, Michelle S D'Souza, Savva Pronin, David Ewart Henshall, Eunice Zuling Ter, Dina Fouad, Ashish Minocha, William English, Catrin Morgan, Dominic Townsend, Laura Maciejec, Shareef Mahdi, Onyinye Akpenyi, Elisabeth Hall, Hanaan Caydiid, Zakaria Rob, Tom Abbott, Hew D Torrance, Robin Johnston, Mohammed Aki Gani, Gianpiero Gravante, Shivanchan Rajmohan, Kiran Majid, Shiva Dindyal, Christopher Smith, Madanmohan Palliyil, Sanjay Patel, Luke Nicholson, Neil Harvey, Katie Baillie, Sam Shillito, Suzanne Kershaw, Rebecca Bamford, Peter Orton, Elke Reunis, Robert Tyler, Wai Cheong Soon, Guled M Jama, Dharminder Dhillon, Khyati Patel, Shayanthan Nanthakumaran, Rachel Heard, Kar Yan Chen, Behrad Barmayehvar, Uttaran Datta, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Sharad Karandikar, Sobhana Iftekhar Tani, Eimear Monaghan, Philippa Donnelly, Michael Walker, Jehangirshaw Parakh, Sarah Blacker, Anil Kaul, Arjun Paramasivan, Sameh Farag, Ashrafun Nessa, Salwa Awadallah, Jieqi Lim, James Chean Khun Ng, Ravi P Kiran, Alice Murray, Eric Etchill, Mohini Dasari, Juan Puyana, Nadeem Haddad, Martin Zielinski, Asad Choudhry, Celeste Caliman, Mieshia Beamon, Therese Duane, Mamta Swaroop, Jonathan Myers, Rebecca Deal, Erik Schadde, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Kathleen To, Alex Makupe, Joseph Musowoya, Niels van der Naald, Dayson Kumwenda, Alex Reece-Smith, Kars Otten, Anna Verbeek, Marloes Prins, Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez, Ruben Balmaceda, Chelsea Deane, Emilio Dijan, Mahmoud Elfiky, Laura Koskenvuo, Aurore Thollot, Bernard Limoges, Carmen Capito, Challine Alexandre, Henri Kotobi, Julien Leroux, Kalitha Pinnagoda, Nicolas Henric, Olivier Azzis, Olivier Rosello, Poddevin Francois, Sara Etienne, Philippe Buisson, Sophian Hmila, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey, Osman Imoro, Owusu Emmanuel Abem, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Vasiliki Soulou, Sabrina Asturias, Lenin Peña, Donal B O'Connor, Alberto Realis Luc, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Andrea Ruzzenente, Antonio Taddei, Camilla Cona, Corrado Bottini, Giovanni Pascale, Giuseppe Rotunno, Leonardo Solaini, Marco Maria Pascale, Margherita Notarnicola, Mario Corbellino, Michele Sacco, Paolo Ubiali, Roberto Cautiero, Tommaso Bocchetti, Elena Muzio, Vania Guglielmo, Eugenio Morandi, Patrizio Mao, Emilia de Luca, Farah Mahmoud Ali, Justas Žilinskas, Kestutis Strupas, Paulius Kondrotas, Robertas Baltrunas, Juozas Kutkevicius, Povilas Ignatavicius, Choy Ling Tan, Jia Yng Siaw, Sir Young Yam, Ling Wilson, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, John Bondin, Carmina Diaz Zorrilla, Anass Majbar, Danjuma Sale, Lawal Abdullahi, Olabisi Osagie, Omolara Faboya, Adedeji Fatuga, Agboola Taiwo, Emeka Nwabuoku, Marte Bliksøen, Zain Ali Khan, Jazmin Coronel, Cesar Miranda, Idelso Vasquez, Luis M Helguero-Santin, Jennifer Rickard, Adesina Adedeji, Saleh Alqahtani, Max Rath, Michael Van Niekerk, Modise Zacharia Koto, Roel Matos-Puig, Leif Israelsson, Tobias Schuetz, Mahmut Arif Yuksek, Meric Mericliler, Mehmet Ulusahin, Bernhard Wolf, Cameron Fairfield, Guo Liang Yong, Katharine Whitehurst, Natalie Redgrave, Caroluce K Musyoka, James Olivier, Kathryn Lee, Michael Cox, Muhamed M H Farhan-Alanie, Rory Callan, Chali Chibuye, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Syrine Rekhis, Muna Rommaneh, Zi Hao Sam, Thays Brunelli Pugliesi, Gabriel Pardo, Ruth Blanco
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Male ,paediatric ,Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,Primary outcome ,gastro-enterologic surgery ,Risk Factors ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,paediatrics ,Prospective cohort study ,Child ,Digestive System Surgical Procedures ,Original Research ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Paediatric surgery ,Health Policy ,Human development (humanity) ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,3. Good health ,CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Child, Preschool ,surgical infection ,Female ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Surgical site infection ,Cohort study ,Human ,AFRICA ,medicine.medical_specialty ,CARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTION ,Adolescent ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,NO ,03 medical and health sciences ,MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES ,medicine ,Humans ,Surgical Wound Infection ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,In patient ,Human Development Index ,business.industry ,Kirurgi ,Risk Factor ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Digestive System Surgical Procedure ,GLOBAL BURDEN ,3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology ,Surgery ,Prospective Studie ,Cohort Studie ,business - Abstract
Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p
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- 2020
26. Insulin resistance and obesity, and their association with depression in relatively young people: findings from a large UK birth cohort
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Perry, B. I., Khandaker, G. M., Marwaha, S., Thompson, Andrew D., Zammit, S., Singh, Swaran P., Upthegrove, R., Perry, BI [0000-0002-1533-026X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Inflammation ,Male ,Depressive Disorder ,obesity ,Pediatric Obesity ,Adolescent ,Depression ,Interleukin-6 ,Original Articles ,Comorbidity ,ALSPAC ,United Kingdom ,Body Mass Index ,C-Reactive Protein ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,insulin resistance ,Glucose Intolerance ,overweight ,Humans ,Female ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,RC ,Glucose Metabolism Disorders - Abstract
Background\ud \ud Depression frequently co-occurs with disorders of glucose and insulin homeostasis (DGIH) and obesity. Low-grade systemic inflammation and lifestyle factors in childhood may predispose to DGIH, obesity and depression. We aim to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among DGIH, obesity and depression, and to examine the effect of demographics, lifestyle factors and antecedent low-grade inflammation on such associations in young people.\ud \ud Methods\ud \ud Using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort, we used regression analyses to examine: (1) cross-sectional and (2) longitudinal associations between measures of DGIH [insulin resistance (IR); impaired glucose tolerance] and body mass index (BMI) at ages 9 and 18 years, and depression (depressive symptoms and depressive episode) at age 18 years and (3) whether sociodemographics, lifestyle factors or inflammation [interleukin-6 (IL-6) at age 9 years] confounded any such associations.\ud \ud Results\ud \ud We included 3208 participants. At age 18 years, IR and BMI were positively associated with depression. These associations may be explained by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. There were no longitudinal associations between DGIH/BMI and depression, and adjustment for IL-6 and C-reactive protein did not attenuate associations between IR/BMI and depression; however, the longitudinal analyses may have been underpowered.\ud \ud Conclusions\ud \ud Young people with depression show evidence of DGIH and raised BMI, which may be related to sociodemographic and lifestyle effects such as deprivation, smoking, ethnicity and gender. In future, studies with larger samples are required to confirm this. Preventative strategies for the poorer physical health outcomes associated with depression should focus on malleable lifestyle factors.
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- 2019
27. Childhood sleep disturbance and risk of psychotic experiences at 18: UK birth cohort
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Thompson, A., Lereya, S. T., Lewis, G., Zammit, S., Fisher, H. L., and Wolke, D.
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- 2015
28. PTH-077 Fertility and pregnancy related misconceptions in female patients with inflammatory bowel disease
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Zammit, S Chetcuti, Caruana, M, Katsanos, K, Mantzaris, G, Cesarini, M, Kopylov, U, Zammit, L, Brookes, M, and Ellul, P
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- 2015
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29. PTH-078 Pregnancy outcomes in female patients with inflammatory bowel disease
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Zammit, S Chetcuti, Caruana, M, Katsanos, K, Mantzaris, G, Cesarini, M, Kopylov, U, Zammit, L, Brookes, M, and Ellul, P
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- 2015
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30. Mood, anxiety and psychotic phenomena measure a common psychopathological factor
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Stochl, J., Khandaker, G. M., Lewis, G., Perez, J., Goodyer, I. M., Zammit, S., Sullivan, S., Croudace, T. J., and Jones, P. B.
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- 2015
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31. Associations of cannabis and cigarette use with psychotic experiences at age 18: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
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Gage, S. H., Hickman, M., Heron, J., Munafò, M. R., Lewis, G., Macleod, J., and Zammit, S.
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- 2014
32. Effectiveness and predictors of response to somatostatin analogues in patients with gastrointestinal angiodysplasias: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
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Goltstein, Lia C.M.J., Grooteman, K.V., Rocco, A. Di, Holleran, G., Frago, S., Salgueiro, P.S., Aparicio, T., Scaglione, G., Zammit, S, Prados-Manzano, R., Benamouzig, R., Nardone, G., McNamara, D., Benallaoua, M., Michopoulos, S., Sidhu, R., Kievit, W., Drenth, J.P.H., Geenen, E.J.M. van, Goltstein, Lia C.M.J., Grooteman, K.V., Rocco, A. Di, Holleran, G., Frago, S., Salgueiro, P.S., Aparicio, T., Scaglione, G., Zammit, S, Prados-Manzano, R., Benamouzig, R., Nardone, G., McNamara, D., Benallaoua, M., Michopoulos, S., Sidhu, R., Kievit, W., Drenth, J.P.H., and Geenen, E.J.M. van
- Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal angiodysplasias are vascular malformations that often cause red blood cell transfusion-dependent anaemia. Several studies suggest that somatostatin analogues might decrease rebleeding rates, but the true effect size is unknown. We therefore aimed to investigate the efficacy of somatostatin analogues on red blood cell transfusion requirements of patients with gastrointestinal angiodysplasias and to identify subgroups that might benefit the most from somatostatin analogue therapy. METHODS: We did a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane on Jan 15, 2016, with an updated search on April 25, 2021. All published randomised controlled trials and cohort studies that reported on somatostatin analogue therapy in patients with gastrointestinal angiodysplasias were eligible for screening. We excluded studies without original patient data, single case reports, small case series (ie, <10 participants), studies in which patients had a specific aetiology of gastrointestinal angiodysplasias, and studies in which somatostatin analogue therapy was initiated simultaneously with other treatment modalities. Authors of eligible studies were invited to share individual patient data. Aggregated data was used if individual patient data were not provided. The primary outcome was the mean reduction in the number of red blood cell transfusions during somatostatin analogue therapy, compared with baseline, expressed as the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and absolute mean decrease. We defined patients as either good responders (≥50% reduction in the number of red blood cell transfusions) or poor responders (<50% reduction). A mixed-effects negative binomial regression was used to account for clustering of patients and skewness in data. This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), number CRD42020213985. FINDINGS: We identified 11 eligible studies (one ran
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- 2021
33. Development of Proteomic Prediction Models for Transition to Psychotic Disorder in the Clinical High-Risk State and Psychotic Experiences in Adolescence
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Mongan, D, Focking, M, Healy, C, Susai, SR, Heurich, M, Wynne, K, Nelson, B, McGorry, PD, Amminger, GP, Nordentoft, M, Krebs, M-O, Riecher-Rossler, A, Bressan, RA, Barrantes-Vidal, N, Borgwardt, S, Ruhrmann, S, Sachs, G, Pantelis, C, van der Gaag, M, de Haan, L, Valmaggia, L, Pollak, TA, Kempton, MJ, Rutten, BPF, Whelan, R, Cannon, M, Zammit, S, Cagney, G, Cotter, DR, McGuire, P, Mongan, D, Focking, M, Healy, C, Susai, SR, Heurich, M, Wynne, K, Nelson, B, McGorry, PD, Amminger, GP, Nordentoft, M, Krebs, M-O, Riecher-Rossler, A, Bressan, RA, Barrantes-Vidal, N, Borgwardt, S, Ruhrmann, S, Sachs, G, Pantelis, C, van der Gaag, M, de Haan, L, Valmaggia, L, Pollak, TA, Kempton, MJ, Rutten, BPF, Whelan, R, Cannon, M, Zammit, S, Cagney, G, Cotter, DR, and McGuire, P
- Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Biomarkers that are predictive of outcomes in individuals at risk of psychosis would facilitate individualized prognosis and stratification strategies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether proteomic biomarkers may aid prediction of transition to psychotic disorder in the clinical high-risk (CHR) state and adolescent psychotic experiences (PEs) in the general population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This diagnostic study comprised 2 case-control studies nested within the European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). EU-GEI is an international multisite prospective study of participants at CHR referred from local mental health services. ALSPAC is a United Kingdom-based general population birth cohort. Included were EU-GEI participants who met CHR criteria at baseline and ALSPAC participants who did not report PEs at age 12 years. Data were analyzed from September 2018 to April 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: In EU-GEI, transition status was assessed by the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States or contact with clinical services. In ALSPAC, PEs at age 18 years were assessed using the Psychosis-Like Symptoms Interview. Proteomic data were obtained from mass spectrometry of baseline plasma samples in EU-GEI and plasma samples at age 12 years in ALSPAC. Support vector machine learning algorithms were used to develop predictive models. RESULTS: The EU-GEI subsample (133 participants at CHR (mean [SD] age, 22.6 [4.5] years; 68 [51.1%] male) comprised 49 (36.8%) who developed psychosis and 84 (63.2%) who did not. A model based on baseline clinical and proteomic data demonstrated excellent performance for prediction of transition outcome (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.95; positive predictive value [PPV], 75.0%; and negative predictive value [NPV], 98.6%). Functional analysis of differentially expr
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- 2021
34. Feasibility and diagnostic yield of small-bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with surgically altered gastric anatomy: the SAGA study
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Dray, X., Riccioni, Maria Elena, Wurm Johansson, G., Keuchel, M., Perrod, G., Martin, A., Tortora, Annalisa, Nemeth, A., Baltes, P., Perez-Cuadrado-Robles, E., Chetcuti Zammit, S., Lee, P. S., Leenhardt, R., Koulaouzidis, A., Cadoni, S., Fernandez-Urien Sainz, I., Mcnamara, D., Margalit-Yehuda, R., Beaumont, H., Mussetto, A., Spada, Cristiano, Elli, L., Triantafyllou, K., Ellul, P., Bruno, M., Rondonotti, E., Robertson, A., Cortegoso Valdivia, P., Riccioni M. E. (ORCID:0000-0002-9239-4312), Tortora A., Spada C. (ORCID:0000-0002-5692-0960), Dray, X., Riccioni, Maria Elena, Wurm Johansson, G., Keuchel, M., Perrod, G., Martin, A., Tortora, Annalisa, Nemeth, A., Baltes, P., Perez-Cuadrado-Robles, E., Chetcuti Zammit, S., Lee, P. S., Leenhardt, R., Koulaouzidis, A., Cadoni, S., Fernandez-Urien Sainz, I., Mcnamara, D., Margalit-Yehuda, R., Beaumont, H., Mussetto, A., Spada, Cristiano, Elli, L., Triantafyllou, K., Ellul, P., Bruno, M., Rondonotti, E., Robertson, A., Cortegoso Valdivia, P., Riccioni M. E. (ORCID:0000-0002-9239-4312), Tortora A., and Spada C. (ORCID:0000-0002-5692-0960)
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Little is known about small-bowel (SB) capsule endoscopy (CE) in patients with a history of gastric surgery. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic yield (DY) of orally ingested SB-CE in patients with surgically altered gastric anatomy. Methods: Twenty-four European centers retrospectively identified patients who had SB-CE after total or subtotal gastrectomy. The primary outcome was the DY of SB-CE (intermediate P1 to highly P2 relevant findings). Secondary outcomes were gastric and SB transit times, completion, cleanliness, and adverse event rates. Results: Studied were 248 procedures from 243 patients (mean age, 62 years) with a history of partial gastrectomy (Billroth I, 13.1%; Billroth II, 34.6%), total gastrectomy (7.4%), Whipple procedure (12.8%), sleeve gastrectomy (7.2%), or gastric bypass surgery (24.7%). Obscure GI bleeding was the most frequent indication (85.1%). SB completion rate was 84.3%. One capsule retention in the SB was noted (adverse event rate, 4%). Median SB transit time was 286 minutes (interquartile range [235; 387]). Cleanliness was rated as adequate in 92.1% of procedures. After exclusion of abnormalities found at the upper anastomotic site, the DY was 43.6%, with inflammatory/ulcerated lesions observed more frequently (23.4%) than vascular lesions (21.0%). Conclusions: SB-CE seems to be feasible and safe in selected patients with a history of major gastric surgery and comes with a high DY. The spectrum of abnormal SB findings in these patients may be different from what is known from the literature in nonoperated patients.
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- 2021
35. A population-based longitudinal study of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, IQ and subsequent risk of psychotic experiences in adolescence
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Khandaker, G. M., Stochl, J., Zammit, S., Lewis, G., and Jones, P. B.
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- 2014
36. Common versus psychopathology-specific risk factors for psychotic experiences and depression during adolescence
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Kounali, D., Zammit, S., Wiles, N., Sullivan, S., Cannon, M., Stochl, J., Jones, P., Mahedy, L., Gage, S. H., Heron, J., and Lewis, G.
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- 2014
37. Prognosis of schizophrenia in persons with and without a history of cannabis use
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Manrique-Garcia, E., Zammit, S., Dalman, C., Hemmingsson, T., Andreasson, S., and Allebeck, P.
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- 2014
38. Bullying in elementary school and psychotic experiences at 18 years: a longitudinal, population-based cohort study
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Wolke, D., Lereya, S. T., Fisher, H. L., Lewis, G., and Zammit, S.
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- 2014
39. Streptococcus gallolyticus bacteraemia in hepatobiliary–pancreatic and colonic pathologies
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Zammit, S. Chetcuti, Azzopardi, N., and Ellul, P.
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- 2014
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40. Individual- and area-level influence on suicide risk: a multilevel longitudinal study of Swedish schoolchildren
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Zammit, S., Gunnell, D., Lewis, G., Leckie, G., Dalman, C., and Allebeck, P.
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- 2014
41. Analysis of 10 independent samples provides evidence for association between schizophrenia and a SNP flanking fibroblast growth factor receptor 2
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O'Donovan, M C, Norton, N, Williams, H, Peirce, T, Moskvina, V, Nikolov, I, Hamshere, M, Carroll, L, Georgieva, L, Dwyer, S, Holmans, P, Marchini, J L, Spencer, C C A, Howie, B, Leung, H-T, Giegling, I, Hartmann, A M, Möller, H-J, Morris, D W, Shi, Y, Feng, G, Hoffmann, P, Propping, P, Vasilescu, C, Maier, W, Rietschel, M, Zammit, S, Schumacher, J, Quinn, E M, Schulze, T G, Iwata, N, Ikeda, M, Darvasi, A, Shifman, S, He, L, Duan, J, Sanders, A R, Levinson, D F, Adolfsson, R, Ösby, U, Terenius, L, Jönsson, E G, Cichon, S, Nöthen, M M, Gill, M, Corvin, A P, Rujescu, D, Gejman, P V, Kirov, G, Craddock, N, Williams, N M, and Owen, M J
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- 2009
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42. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring intellectual disability: sibling analysis in an intergenerational Danish cohort
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Madley-Dowd, P, Kalkbrenner, AE, Heuvelman, H, Heron, J, Zammit, S, Rai, D, and Schendel, D
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Background Maternal smoking has known adverse effects on fetal development. However, research on the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring intellectual disability (ID) is limited, and whether any associations are due to a causal effect or residual confounding is unknown. Method Cohort study of all Danish births between 1995 and 2012 (1 066 989 persons from 658 335 families after exclusions), with prospectively recorded data for cohort members, parents and siblings. We assessed the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (18.6% exposed, collected during prenatal visits) and offspring ID (8051 cases, measured using ICD-10 diagnosis codes F70–F79) using logistic generalised estimating equation regression models. Models were adjusted for confounders including measures of socio-economic status and parental psychiatric diagnoses and were adjusted for family averaged exposure between full siblings. Adjustment for a family averaged exposure allows calculation of the within-family effect of smoking on child outcomes which is robust against confounders that are shared between siblings. Results We found increased odds of ID among those exposed to maternal smoking in pregnancy after confounder adjustment (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.28–1.42) which attenuated to a null effect following adjustment for family averaged exposure (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.78–1.06). Conclusions Our findings are inconsistent with a causal effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring ID risk. By estimating a within-family effect, our results suggest that prior associations were the result of unmeasured genetic or environmental characteristics of families in which the mother smokes during pregnancy.
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- 2020
43. Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: An international, multicentre, prospective cohort study
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Harrison, E.M. Drake, T.M. Ghosh, D. Ademuyiwa, A.O. Bhangu, A. Fitzgerald, J.E. Glasbey, J. Borda-Luque, G. Costas-Chavarri, A. Ntirenganya, F. Fergusson, S.J. Ingabire, J.C.A. Ismaïl, L. Lilford, R. Mihaljevic, A.L. Morton, D. Mutabazi, A.Z. Adisa, A.O. Ots, R. Pinkney, T. Poškus, T. Shaw, C.A. Verjee, A. Runigamugabo, E. Khatri, C. Mohan, M. Jaffry, Z. Altamini, A. Kirby, A. Soreide, K. Cornick, J. Iyer, D. King, S. Arthur, T. Nahar, S.N. Waterman, A. Lawini, I. Rouse, T. Correa, J.C. Salem, H.K. Worku, M. Arnaud, A. Kalles, V. Aguilera, M.L. Recinos, G. Quek, R. Altibi, A. Whitaker, J. Bent, Z. Al-Slaibi, I. Tahboub, H. Alser, O.H. Shu, S. Mironescu, A. Bratu, M. Altwijri, A. Alsaggaf, M.U. Jubran, A.F. Seisay, S. Jeyakumar, J. Senanayake, K. Abdulbagi, O. Raptis, D. Kong, C. Suresh, S. Scott, M. Grizhja, B. Ymeri, S. Galiqi, G. Klappenbach, R. Antezana, D. Beleño, A.E.M. Costa, C. Sanchez, B. Aviles, S. Modolo, M.M. Fermani, C.G. Balmaceda, R. Villalobos, S. Carmona, J.M. Hamill, D. Deutschmann, P. Sandler, S. Cox, D. Nataraja, R. Sharpin, C. Ljuhar, D. Gray, D. Haines, M. Iyer, D. Niranjan, N. D'Amours, S. Ashtari, M. Franco, H. Mitul, A.R. Karim, S. Aman, N.F. Estee, M.M. Salma, U. Razzaque, J. Hamidkanta, T. Tori, S. Alamin, Md.S. Roy, S. Al Amin, Md.S. Haque, M. Faruq, A. Iftekhar, F. O'Shea, M. Padmore, G. Jonnalagadda, R. Litvin, A. Filatau, A. Paulouski, D. Shubianok, M. Shachykava, T. Khokha, D. Khokha, V. Djivoh, F. Lawani, I. Dossou, F. Seto, D.M. Gbessi, D.G. Noukpozounkou, B. Souaibou, Y.I. Keke, K.R. Hodonou, F. Ahounou, E. Alihonou, T. Dénakpo, M. Ahlonsou, G. Bedada, A.G. Nsengiyumva, C. Kwizera, S. Barendegere, V. Choi, P. Stock, S. Jamal, L. Firdouse, M. Zani, A. Azzie, G. Kushwaha, S. Agarwal, A. Chen, T.-L. Yip, C. Montes, I. Zapata, F. Sierra, S. Lanau, M.I.V. Arango, M.C.M. Restrepo, I.M. Sierra, S. Giraldo, R.S.R. Mendozaarango, M. Domini, E. Karlo, R. Mihanovic, J. Youssef, M. Elfeki, H. Thabet, W. Sanad, A. Tawfik, G. Zaki, A. Abdel-Hameed, N. Mostafa, M. Omar, M.F.W. Ghanem, A. Abdallah, E. Denewer, A. Emara, E. Rashad, E. Sakr, A. Elashry, R. Emile, S. Khafagy, T. Elhamouly, S. Elfarargy, A. Mamdouhmohamed, A. Saiednagy, G. Esam, A. Elwy, E. Hammad, A. Khallaf, S. Ibrahim, E. Saidbadr, A. Moustafa, A. Eldosoukymohammed, A. Elgheriany, M. Abdelmageed, E. Al Raouf, E.A. Elbanby, E. Elmasry, M. Morsyfarahat, M. Yahyamansor, E. Magdyhegazy, E. Gamal, E. Gamal, H. Kandil, H. Maherabdelrouf, D. Moaty, M. Gamal, D. El-Sagheer, N. Salah, M. Magdy, S. Salah, A. Essam, A. Ali, A. Badawy, M. Ahmed, S. Mohamed, M. Assal, A. Sleem, M. Ebidy, M. Abdelrazek, A. Zahran, D. Adam, N. Nazir, M. Hassanein, A.B. Ismail, A. Elsawy, A. Mamdouh, R. Mabrouk, M. Ahmed, L.A.M. Hassabalnaby, M. Magdy, E. Abd-Elmawla, M. Fahim, M. Mowafy, B. Mahmoud, M.I. Allam, M. Alkelani, M. El Gendy, N.H. Aboul-Naga, M.S. Alaael-Din, R. Elgendy, A.H. Ismail, M. Shalaby, M. Elsharkawy, A.A. Moghazy, M.E. Elbisomy, K.H. Shakshouk, H.A.G. Hamed, M.F. Ebidy, M.M. Abdelkader, M. Karkeet, M. Ahmed, H. Adel, I. Omar, M.E. Ibrahim, M. Ghoneim, O. Hesham, O. Gamal, S. Hilal, K. Arafa, O. Awad, S.A. Salem, M. Elsherif, F.A. Elsabbagh, N. Aboelsoud, M.R. Rida, A.H.E.F. Hossameldin, A. Hany, E. Asar, Y.H. Anwar, N. Gadelkarim, M. Abdelhady, S. Morshedy, E.M. Saad, R. Soliman, N. Salama, M. Ezzat, E. Mohamed, A. Ibrahim, A. Fergany, A. Mohammed, S. Reda, A. Allam, Y. Saad, H.A. Abdelfatah, A. Fathy, A.M. El-Sehily, A. Kasem, E.A. Hassan, A.T.A. Mohammed, A.R. Saad, A.G. Elfouly, Y. Elfouly, N. Ibrahim, A. Hassaan, A. Mohammed, M.M. Elhoseny, G. Magdy, M. Elkhalek, E.A. Zakaria, Y. Ezzat, T. El Dahab, A.A. Kelany, M. Arafa, S. Hassan, O.M.M. Badwi, N.M. Sleem, A.S. Ahmed, H. Abdelbadeai, K. Abdullah, M.A. Lokman, M. Bahar, S. Radyabdelazeam, A. Adelshone, A. Hasnan, M.B. Zulkifli, A. Kamarulzamil, S.N.A. Elhendawy, A. Latif, A. Adnan, A.B. Shaharuddin, S. Majid, A.H.H.A. Amreia, M. Al-Marakby, D. Salma, M. Ismail, M. Basir, E.R.M. Ali, C.D.M. Ata, A.Y. Nasr, M. Rezq, A. Sheta, A. Tariq, S. Sallam, A. Darwish, A.K.Z. Elmihy, S. El Hadry, S. Farag, A. Hajah, H. Seliem, A. Aglan, A. Zohair, A. Essam, M. Moussa, O. El-Gizawy, E. Samy, M. Ali, S. Elhalawany, E. Ata, A. Elhalawany, M. Nashat, M. Soliman, S. Elazab, A. Samy, M. Abdelaziz, M.A. Ibrahim, K. Ibrahim, A.M. Gado, A. Hantour, U. Eldeen, E.A. Loaloa, M.R. Abouzaid, A. Ahmedbahaaeldin, M. Hashad, E. Sroor, F. Gamil, D. Mahmoudabdulhakeem, E. Zakaria, M. Mohamed, F. Abubakr, M. Ali, E. Magdy, H. Ramadan, M. Abdelatymohamed, M. Mansour, S. Abdulazizamin, H. Rabiemohamed, A. Saami, M. Ahmedredaelsayed, N. Tarek, A. Mohyeldeenmahmoud, S. El Sayed, I.M. Reda, A. Yusufshawky, M. Mousasalem, M. El-Din, S.A. Soliman, N.A. Talaat, M. Abdelmoenelhusseiny, S.A.-D.A. Abdullah, N. Ahmedbahaaeldin, M. Elshaar, M. Abdelfatahibraheem, A. Abdulaziz, H. Ismail, M.K. Hamdymadkor, M. Abdelaty, M. Kader, S.M. Mohamedsalah, O. Eldafrawy, M. Zakieldeeb, A. 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Semiz, A. Bodur, S. Gül, E. Murutoglu, B. Yildirim, R. Baki, B.E. Arslan, E. Ulusahin, M. Guner, A. Walker, N. Shrimanker, N. Stoddart, M. Cole, S. Breslin, R. Srinivasan, R. Elshaer, M. Hunter, K. Al-Bahrani, A. Liew, I. Mairs, N.G. Rocke, A. Dick, L. Qureshi, M. Chowdhury, D. Wright, N. Skerritt, C. Ho, A. Dissanayake, T. Tennakoon, A. Ali, W. Lim, S.J. Tan, C. O'Neill, S. Jones, C. Knight, S. Nassif, D. Sharma, A. Warren, O. White, R. Mehdi, A. Post, N. Kalakouti, E. Dashnyam, E. Stourton, F. Mykoniatis, I. Currow, C. Wong, F. Gupta, A. Shatkar, V. Luck, J. Kadiwar, S. Smedley, A. Wakefield, R. Herrod, P. Blackwell, J. Lund, J. Cohen, F. Bandi, A. Giuliani, S. Bond-Smith, G. Pezas, T. Farhangmehr, N. Urbonas, T. Perenyei, M. Ireland, P. Blencowe, N. Bowling, K. Bunting, D. Longstaff, L. Smart, N. Keogh, K. Jeon, H. Iqbal, M.R. Khosla, S. Jeffery, A. Perera, J. Teasdale, E. Ibrahem, A.A. Alhammali, T. Salama, Y. Kabariti, R. Oram, S. Kidd, T. Cullen, F. Owen, C. Wilson, M. Chiu, S. Sarafilovic, H. Ploski, J. Evans, E. Abbas, A. Kamya, S. Ishak, N. Bisset, C. Andress, C. Chin, Y.R. Patel, P. Evans, D. Jeffery, A. Perera, J. Haslegrave, A. Boggon, A. Laurie, K. Connor, K. Mann, T. Nepogodiev, D. Mansuri, A. Davies, R. Griffiths, E. Shahbaz, A.R. Eng, C. Din, F. Heveder, A.L. Park, E.H.G. Ravishankar, R. McIntosh, K. Yau, J.D. Chan, L. McGarvie, S. Tang, L. Lim, H. Yap, S. Park, J. Ng, Z. Mirza, S. Ang, Y.L. Walls, L. Teasdale, E. Roy, C. Paterson-Brown, S. Camilleri-Brennan, J. McLean, K. D'Souza, M. Pronin, S. Henshall, D.E. Ter, E. Fouad, D. Minocha, A. English, W. Morgan, C. Townsend, D. Maciejec, L. Mahdi, S. Akpenyi, O. Hall, E. Caydiid, H. Rob, Z. Abbott, T. Torrance, H.D. Irwin, G. Johnston, R. Gani, M. Gravante, G. Rajmohan, S. Majid, K. Dindyal, S. Smith, C. Palliyil, M. Patel, S. Nicholson, L. Harvey, N. Baillie, K. Shillito, S. Kershaw, S. Bamford, R. Orton, P. Reunis, E. Tyler, R. Soon, W. Jama, G.M. Dhillon, D. Patel, K. Nanthakumaran, S. Heard, R. Chen, K.Y. Barmayehvar, B. Datta, U. Kamarajah, S.K. Iftekhartani, S. Monaghan, E. Donnelly, P. Walker, M. Parakh, J. Blacker, S. Kaul, A. Paramasivan, A. Farag, S. Nessa, A. Awadallah, S. Lim, J. Cheankhunng, J. Gash, K. Kiran, R.P. Murray, A. Etchill, E. Dasari, M. Puyana, J. Haddad, N. Zielinski, M. Choudhry, A. Caliman, C. Beamon, M. Duane, T. Narayanan, R. Swaroop, M. Myers, J. Deal, R. Schadde, E. Hemmila, M. Napolitano, L. To, K. Makupe, A. Musowoya, J. Maimbo, M. van der Naald, N. Kumwenda, D. Reece-Smith, A. Otten, K. Verbeek, A. Prins, M. Suarez, A.A.B. Balmaceda, R. Deane, C. Dijan, E. Elfiky, M. Koskenvuo, L. Thollot, A. Limoges, B. Capito, C. Alexandre, C. Kotobi, H. Leroux, J. Rod, J. Pinnagoda, K. Henric, N. Azzis, O. Rosello, O. Francois, P. Etienne, S. Buisson, P. Hmila, S. Clegg-Lamptey, J.-N. Imoro, O. Abem, O.E. Wondoh, P. Papageorgiou, D. Soulou, V. Asturias, S. Peña, L. Connor, D.B.O. Luc, A.R. Russo, A.A. Ruzzenente, A. Taddei, A. Cona, C. Bottini, C. Pascale, G. Rotunno, G. Solaini, L. Pascale, M.M. Notarnicola, M. Corbellino, M. Sacco, M. Ubiali, P. Cautiero, R. Bocchetti, T. Muzio, E. Guglielmo, V. Morandi, E. Mao, P. de Luca, E. Ali, F.M. Žilinskas, J. Strupas, K. Kondrotas, P. Baltrunas, R. Kutkevicius, J. Ignatavicius, P. Tan, C.L. Siaw, J.Y. Yam, S.Y. Wilson, L. Aziz, M.R.A. Bondin, J. Zorrilla, C.D. Majbar, A. Sale, D. Abdullahi, L. Osagie, O. Faboya, O. Fatuga, A. Taiwo, A. Nwabuoku, E. Bliksøen, M. Khan, Z.A. Coronel, J. Miranda, C. Vasquez, I. Helguero-Santin, L.M. Rickard, J. Adedeji, A. Alqahtani, S. Rath, M. van Niekerk, M. Koto, M.Z. Matos-Puig, R. Israelsson, L. Schuetz, T. Yuksek, M.A. Mericliler, M. Uluşahin, M. Wolf, B. Fairfield, C. Yong, G.L. Whitehurst, K. Wilson, M. Redgrave, N. Musyoka, C.K. Olivier, J. Lee, K. Cox, M. Farhan-Alanie, M.M.H. Callan, R. Chibuye, C. Ali, T.H.A. Rekhis, S. Rommaneh, M. Sam, Z.H. Lawani, I. Pugliesi, T.B. Pardo, G. GlobalSurg Collaborative
- Abstract
Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda. ©
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- 2020
44. Insulin resistance and obesity, and their association with depression in relatively young people: findings from a large UK birth cohort
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Perry, BI, Khandaker, GM, Marwaha, S, Thompson, A, Zammit, S, Singh, SP, Upthegrove, R, Perry, BI, Khandaker, GM, Marwaha, S, Thompson, A, Zammit, S, Singh, SP, and Upthegrove, R
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Depression frequently co-occurs with disorders of glucose and insulin homeostasis (DGIH) and obesity. Low-grade systemic inflammation and lifestyle factors in childhood may predispose to DGIH, obesity and depression. We aim to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among DGIH, obesity and depression, and to examine the effect of demographics, lifestyle factors and antecedent low-grade inflammation on such associations in young people. METHODS: Using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort, we used regression analyses to examine: (1) cross-sectional and (2) longitudinal associations between measures of DGIH [insulin resistance (IR); impaired glucose tolerance] and body mass index (BMI) at ages 9 and 18 years, and depression (depressive symptoms and depressive episode) at age 18 years and (3) whether sociodemographics, lifestyle factors or inflammation [interleukin-6 (IL-6) at age 9 years] confounded any such associations. RESULTS: We included 3208 participants. At age 18 years, IR and BMI were positively associated with depression. These associations may be explained by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. There were no longitudinal associations between DGIH/BMI and depression, and adjustment for IL-6 and C-reactive protein did not attenuate associations between IR/BMI and depression; however, the longitudinal analyses may have been underpowered. CONCLUSIONS: Young people with depression show evidence of DGIH and raised BMI, which may be related to sociodemographic and lifestyle effects such as deprivation, smoking, ethnicity and gender. In future, studies with larger samples are required to confirm this. Preventative strategies for the poorer physical health outcomes associated with depression should focus on malleable lifestyle factors.
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- 2020
45. S134. INCIDENCE, IMPACT AND TRAJECTORIES OF PSYCHOTIC EXPERIENCES FROM CHILDHOOD TO ADULTHOOD, AND PREDICTION OF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
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Zammit, S, Heron, J, Rammos, A, Jones, H, Kounali, D, Sullivan, S, Croft, J, Cannon, M, David, A, Fletcher, P, Holmans, P, Jones, P, Linden, D, Lewis, G, Owen, M, O’Donovan, M, Thompson, A, Wolke, D, Zammit, S, Heron, J, Rammos, A, Jones, H, Kounali, D, Sullivan, S, Croft, J, Cannon, M, David, A, Fletcher, P, Holmans, P, Jones, P, Linden, D, Lewis, G, Owen, M, O’Donovan, M, Thompson, A, and Wolke, D
- Abstract
Background Given the global burden of disease of psychotic disorders and the promise of benefit from early intervention, there is an imperative to understand the developmental trajectories from onset of psychotic experiences to clinical disorder and to improve identification of individuals at greatest risk. The aims of this study therefore were: 1) to describe, for the first time, the change in incidence of psychotic experiences in the general population from childhood through early adulthood; 2) to describe the prevalence and burden of unmet clinical need of at-risk mental states and psychotic disorder among young adults in the general population; 3) to examine the predictive ability of both self-reported and interviewer-rated measures of psychotic experiences during childhood and adolescence in identifying psychotic disorder by early adulthood; and 4) to describe longitudinal profiles of psychotic experiences from childhood through early adulthood and investigate a comprehensive range of childhood determinants of symptom persistence. Methods We used data from the ALSPAC birth cohort study. Psychotic experiences and disorder were assessed using semi-structured interviews at ages 12, 18, and 24 (N=7,900 with any data). Incidence rates were estimated using flexible parametric modeling, and positive predictive values (PPVs), sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were estimated for prediction. Longitudinal profiles were constructed based on interviewer ratings and frequency of experiences, with profiles describing no experiences (62.5%), episodic experiences (26.5%), persistent/recurrent low frequency (9.1%), and persistent/recurrent high frequency (1.9%) groups. Multinomial regression was used to examine risk factors for persistence, covering socio-demographic, genetic, behavioural, cognitive, and psychological characteristics during childhood. Results The incidence rate of psychotic experiences increased between ages 12 and 24, peaking during la
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- 2020
46. A Population-Based Cohort Study Examining the Incidence and Impact of Psychotic Experiences From Childhood to Adulthood, and Prediction of Psychotic Disorder
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Sullivan, SA, Kounali, D, Cannon, M, David, AS, Fletcher, PC, Holmans, P, Jones, H, Jones, PB, Linden, DEJ, Lewis, G, Owen, MJ, O'Donovan, M, Rammos, A, Thompson, A, Wolke, D, Heron, J, Zammit, S, Sullivan, SA, Kounali, D, Cannon, M, David, AS, Fletcher, PC, Holmans, P, Jones, H, Jones, PB, Linden, DEJ, Lewis, G, Owen, MJ, O'Donovan, M, Rammos, A, Thompson, A, Wolke, D, Heron, J, and Zammit, S
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the incidence, course, and outcome of psychotic experiences from childhood through early adulthood in the general population and examined prediction of psychotic disorder. METHODS: This was a population-based cohort study using the semistructured Psychosis-Like Symptoms Interview at ages 12, 18, and 24 (N=7,900 with any data). Incidence rates were estimated using flexible parametric modeling, and positive predictive values (PPVs), sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were estimated for prediction. RESULTS: The incidence rate of psychotic experiences increased between ages 13 and 24, peaking during late adolescence. Of 3,866 participants interviewed at age 24, 313 (8.1%, 95% CI=7.2, 9.0) had a definite psychotic experience since age 12. A total of 109 individuals (2.8%) met criteria for a psychotic disorder up to age 24, of whom 70% had sought professional help. Prediction of current psychotic disorder at age 24 (N=47, 1.2%), by both self-report and interviewer-rated measures of psychotic experiences at age 18 (PPVs, 2.9% and 10.0%, respectively), was improved by incorporating information on frequency and distress (PPVs, 13.3% and 20.0%, respectively), although sensitivities were low. The PPV of an at-risk mental state at age 18 predicting incident disorder at ages 18-24 was 21.1% (95% CI=6.1, 45.6) (sensitivity, 14.3%, 95% CI=4.0, 32.7). CONCLUSIONS: The study results show a peak in incidence of psychotic experiences during late adolescence as well as an unmet need for care in young people with psychotic disorders. Because of the low sensitivity, targeting individuals in non-help-seeking samples based only on more severe symptom cutoff thresholds will likely have little impact on population levels of first-episode psychosis.
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- 2020
47. T21. DEVELOPMENT OF PROTEOMIC PREDICTION MODELS FOR OUTCOMES IN THE CLINICAL HIGH RISK STATE AND PSYCHOTIC EXPERIENCES IN ADOLESCENCE: MACHINE LEARNING ANALYSES IN TWO NESTED CASE-CONTROL STUDIES
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Mongan, D, Föcking, M, Healy, C, Raj Susai, S, Cagney, G, Cannon, M, Zammit, S, Nelson, B, McGorry, P, Nordentoft, M, Krebs, M-O, Riecher-Rössler, A, Bressan, R, Barrantes-Vidal, N, Borgwardt, S, Ruhrmann, S, Sachs, G, Van der Gaag, M, Rutten, B, Pantelis, C, De Haan, L, Valmaggia, L, Kempton, M, McGuire, P, Cotter, D, Mongan, D, Föcking, M, Healy, C, Raj Susai, S, Cagney, G, Cannon, M, Zammit, S, Nelson, B, McGorry, P, Nordentoft, M, Krebs, M-O, Riecher-Rössler, A, Bressan, R, Barrantes-Vidal, N, Borgwardt, S, Ruhrmann, S, Sachs, G, Van der Gaag, M, Rutten, B, Pantelis, C, De Haan, L, Valmaggia, L, Kempton, M, McGuire, P, and Cotter, D
- Abstract
Background Individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis have an approximately 20% probability of developing psychosis within 2 years, as well as an associated risk of non-psychotic disorders and functional impairment. People with subclinical psychotic experiences (PEs) are also at risk of future psychotic and non-psychotic disorders and decreased functioning. It is difficult to accurately predict outcomes in individuals at risk of psychosis on the basis of symptoms alone. Biomarkers for accurate prediction of outcomes could inform the clinical management of this group. Methods We conducted two nested case-control studies. We employed discovery-based proteomic methods to analyse protein expression in baseline plasma samples in EU-GEI and age 12 plasma samples in ALSPAC using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Differential expression of quantified proteomic markers was determined by analyses of covariance (with false discovery rate of 5%) comparing expression levels for each marker between those who did not and did not develop psychosis in Study 1 (adjusting for age, gender, body mass index and years in education), and between those who did and did not develop PEs in Study 2 (adjusting for gender, body mass index and maternal social class). Support vector machine algorithms were used to develop models for prediction of transition vs. non-transition (as determined by the Comprehensive Assessment of At Risk Mental States) and poor vs. good functional outcome at 2 years in Study 1 (General Assessment of Functioning: Disability subscale score =60 vs. >60). Similar algorithms were used to develop a model for prediction of PEs vs. no PEs at age 18 in Study 2 (as determined by the Psychosis Like Symptoms Interview). Results In Study 1, 35 of 166 quantified proteins were significantly differentially expressed between CHR participants who did and did not develop psychosis. Functional enrichment analysis provided evidence for particular im
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- 2020
48. Identification in 2 Independent Samples of a Novel Schizophrenia Risk Haplotype of the Dystrobrevin Binding Protein Gene
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Williams, N. M., Morris, D.W., Spurlock, G, Bray, J. N., Stephens, M, Norton, M, Williams, H, Clement, M, Dwyer, S, Curran, C, Wilkinson, J, Moskvina, V, Waddington, J. L., Gill, M, Corvin, A.P., Zammit, S, Kirov, G, Owen, M. J., and O'Donovan, M. C.
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Schizophrenia -- Research ,Schizophrenia -- Genetic aspects ,Health ,Psychology and mental health - Published
- 2004
49. Characterisation, mutation detection, and association analysis of alternative promoters and 5′ UTRs of the human dopamine D3 receptor gene in schizophrenia
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Anney, R J, Rees, M I, Bryan, E, Spurlock, G, Williams, N, Norton, N, Williams, H, Cardno, A, Zammit, S, Jones, S, Jones, G, Hoogendoorn, B, Smith, K, Hamshere, M L, Coleman, S, Guy, C, O'Donovan, M C, Owen, M J, and Buckland, P R
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- 2002
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50. A systematic genomewide linkage study in 353 sib pairs with schizophrenia
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Williams, N.M., Norton, N., Williams, H., Ekholm, B., Hamshere, M.L., Lindblom, Y., Chowdari, K.V., Cardno, A.G., Zammit, S., Jones, L.A., Murphy, K.C., Sanders, R.D., McCarthy, G., Gray, M.Y., Jones, G., Holmans, P., Nimgaonkar, V., Adolfson, R., Osby, U., Terenius, L., Sedvall, G., O'Dnovan, M.C., and Owen, M.J.
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Human genetics -- Research ,Schizophrenia -- Research ,Biological sciences - Published
- 2003
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