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The polyphagous brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys Stål.) is an important pest in many countries. Recently it was noticed that it can feed on and cause damage to strawberries (Fragaria xananassa Duch.). The metabolic response of strawberries to brown marmorated stink bug attacks was studied. Brown marmorated stink bugs attacked strawberry fruit which had 18% lower total sugar content compared to that of the control treatment. However, organic acid content had no significant difference among the three treatments, with the exception of shikimic acid, which had the highest content in the attacked fruit. Thirty-one phenolic compounds were identified. Results showed a strong effect on secondary metabolites due to H. halys attacks. Halyomorpha halys treatment had 27% higher total analyzed phenolic content compared to the indirect Halyomorpha halys treatment. The brown marmorated stink bug significantly increased total ellagic acid derivatives (33.1% to 37% higher), hydroxycinnamic acids (22.3% higher) and anthocyanins’ (39% higher) contents. Fruit attacked by Halyomorpha halys also had higher catechin and epicatechin content than that of the control treatments. This pest had a significant influence on the plant’s secondary metabolism, and this improved our understanding of how a strawberry plant reacts to the attacks of this very important pest. H. halys-infested fruit are not suitable for commercial production, due to the production of off-flavors.

Izvedli smo lončni poskus na dveh vrstah čilija C. annuum L. 'Chili-AS Rot' in C. chinense Jacq. 'Naga Morich'. Rastline smo namakali pod dvema različnima namakalnima režimoma, in sicer optimalno namakanje do poljske kapacitete in deficitno namakanje do 50 % poljske kapacitete (nadzorovan sušni stres). Preučevali smo, kako zmanjšana količina vode oziroma sušni stres vplivata na količino in kakovost pridelka (primarne in sekundarne metabolite v plodovih čilijev). Deficitno namakanje je imelo vpliv na količino, saj so imele rastline pri vseh terminih vzorčenja manjše pridelke. Pri vrsti C. chinense 'Naga Morich' je deficitno namakanje vplivalo na samo cvetenje, saj so proti koncu cvetovi začeli odpadati. Vsebnosti sladkorjev so bile manjše pri rastlinah v sušnem stresu, tako pri vrsti C. annuum 'Chili-AS Rot' kot pri vrsti C. chinense 'Naga Morich'. Deficitno namakanje je vplivalo na vsebnost organskih kislin. Pri sorti C. annuum 'Chili-AS Rot' so bile vsebnosti citronske, kinske, fumarne, šikimske in oksalne kisline večje pri optimalno namakanih rastlinah ter vsebnosti jabolčne kisline so bile identične pri obeh tipih namakanja. Sorta C. chinense 'Naga Morich' je vsebovala več citronske kisline pri optimalnem namakanju. Vsebnosti ostalih organskih kislin so bile večje pri rastlinah v sušnih razmerah. Sorta C. annuum 'Chili-AS Rot' je vsebovala več askorbinske kisline in skupnih fenolnih spojin ter manj kapsaicina in dihidrokapsaicina pri optimalnemu namakanju pri poljski kapaciteti. Sorta C. chinense 'Naga Morich' je vsebovala več askorbinske kisline, skupnih fenolnih spojin, kapsaicina in dihidrokapsaicina pri optimalnemu namakanju. A pot experiment was conducted on two species of chilies C. annuum L. 'Chili-AS Rot' and C. chinense Jacq. 'Naga Morich'. Plants were irrigated at two different irrigation regimes, optimal irrigation or field capacity and deficit irrigation or 50 % field capacity, which can be treated as drought stress. The effects of drought stress on quantity and quality of the yield (primary and secondary metabolites), were studied. Deficit irrigation affected yield quantity, as both chili species had lower yield at deficit irrigation. Species C. chinense 'Naga Morich' under deficit irrigation abscised the flowers, thus no fruits were harvested at the third picking. Concentrations of sugars were lower at both plant species under deficit irrigation. Concentrations of organic acids in fruits of C. annuum 'Chili-AS Rot', such as citric acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, fumaric acid, quinic acid were higher at optimal irrigation. Malic acid concentrations were similar at both irrigation treatments. In the fruits of C. chinense Jacq. 'Naga Morich', the concentration of citric acid was higher with optimal irrigation. Concentrations of other organic acids were higher at deficit irrigation. C. annuum 'Chili-AS Rot' had higher concentration of ascorbic acid and total phenolic content at optimal irrigation and higher capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin concentrations in stressed plants. C. chinense 'Naga Morich' had higher concentrations of ascorbic acid, total phenolic content, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin at optimal irrigation regime.

Kmetijstvo je v zadnjih 100 letih doživelo velik napredek, zato si današnjega kmetovanja ne predstavljamo brez traktorjev in sodobnih priključkov. Tako Slovenija kot tudi Švica sta prostorsko zelo razgibani državi. Veliki nakloni hitro privedejo do nesreč s traktorji in z ostalimi priključki, zato se vsako leto v obeh državah zgodijo nesreče s smrtnimi izidi. Preprečevanje teh nesreč je ključnega pomena. Za velike naklone standardni traktorji niso primerni, zato uporabljajo predvsem gorske traktorje, gorske transporterje ter eno in dvoosne kosilnice. Vsem tem strojem je skupno to, da imajo nizko težišče, varnostno kabino, varnostni lok, varnostne pasove in sedeže, široke pnevmatike s posebnim profilom, možnost krmiljenja z vsemi štirimi kolesi, ipd. V Švici, kjer pogosto uporabljajo to mehanizacijo, je število nesreč zelo nizko, na drugi strani v Sloveniji, kjer ta vrsta mehanizacije ni tako razširjena, pogosto prihaja do prevračanj in ostalih nesreč s kmetijskimi stroji. Obstajajo trije glavni razlogi za nesreče, in sicer človek, okolje in tehnika. Človeška napaka je povod za nesrečo kar v 80 % primerov, predvsem zaradi napačne ocene situacije in prevelikega zaupanja v lastne sposobnosti. Pod okolje štejemo predvsem talne razmere, kot so razmočenost tal, senčna, sončna lega, naklon … Pri tehniki upoštevamo predvsem opremljenost traktorjev, njihovo namembnost, priključke ter starost. Agriculture has developed rapidly in the last 100 years and we cannot imagine modern farming without a tractor and other agricultural machinery. Both, Slovenia and Switzerland, are full of mountains and hills, and thats why accidents with agricultural machinery happens. Prevention of this events is crucial. Standard tractors are not good for steep inclines. Mountain tractors, mountain transporters, one or two axle harvester, all this machines have several features in common, such as low center of gravity, safety cabin, safety arc, safety belts and sits, very wide tires with a special profile, possibility of turning with all four tires, etc. Mountain mechanization is very spread out in Switzerland and they also have less accidents, due to overrolling with tractors. On the other hand Slovenia has a very poorly spreaded mountain mechanization and has more deadly accidents involving tractors and other agricultural mechanization. There are three key reasons for an accident to happen. First is the human error, which is responsible for 80 % of all accidents, because farmers have to much faith in themselves and their skills. Second is the environment. The main part of the environment is the ground. If it is too wet, shady or sunny, or if the incline is to steep there is a greater chance that something could happen. And the third reason is the mechanization by which we consider the equipemnt of tractors, their function, attachments and age.