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The critiques on modernism have challenged the current set of rules of free market societies where demands are fulfilled without considering the adverse consequences of the environment. The business environment has yet to transform to explore modern innovative entrepreneurial solutions to create harmony in the natural ecosystem. Recent studies have separately investigated the role of business growth in economic development and its negative influence on the global environment. This study analyzes global data by analyzing global data to develop a nonlinear relationship between climate change and entrepreneurship. Based on the disruptive innovation theory, we argue that economic activities cause a rise in CO2 emissions and create opportunities for entrepreneurship. Data has been taken from 45 countries to analyze the impact of climate change on entrepreneurship. The results show a nonlinear relationship exists between climate change and entrepreneurship at the global level. Policy developments are required for a sustainable environment through entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneurship has become vital for national growth. Therefore, it is essential to explore the factors that enhance entrepreneurial transformation. The literature identifies two main driving forces behind entrepreneurship: necessity and opportunity, which react differently to the socio-economic factors. This study explores the socio-economic determinants of necessity-based entrepreneurship and opportunity-based entrepreneurship. Here the yearly data of 108 countries from 2009 to 2017 is used to formulate a panel data model. Data on entrepreneurship is taken from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). HDI is used as a surrogate measure of socio-economic factors along with several control variables like cost of doing business, economic factors, governance factors and perception factors. Panel Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) estimation technique accounts for spatial heterogeneity. The panel data estimation shows that human capital improvement enhances the opportunities for entrepreneurial transformation while decreasing necessity-based entrepreneurship due to higher job creation. The findings also suggest that improvement in governance, perceived opportunities, openness, and culture are vital for enhancing opportunity-driven entrepreneurship.

Recent developments which were coined to the opening up of borders have attracted interest of many researchers from many disciplines. A lot of work can be observed regarding the role of globalization / internationalization on economic growth and social development, this study specifically explores the implications of globalization on the ultimate goal that is life longevity. Adapting from the Kuznets curve, this study proposed a quadratic function of economic globalization and life longevity. The results using panel the ARDL model for the SAARC region, it can be seen that expansion of trade globalization de jure and management of financial globalization de facto and de jure may help them to increase longevity in the long run.

Purpose Pakistan is facing the momentous hazard of money laundering and a substantial risk of terror financing, which are seriously threatening its socioeconomic well-being. The purpose of this paper is to gauge the challenges posed by these threats in contrast with the existing potential and expertise of legal entities. It also examines legal and procedural measures enforced as a counter-strategy for terror financing and money laundering and the AMLA 2010 and National Action Plan (NAP) for countering terrorism financing. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses an analytical and comparative method using figures and comparative data on the success of the NAP and AMLA 2010 as national counterterrorism strategies. Terror financing and anti-money laundering regimes are confronted with grave legal and procedural odds, noncooperation and performance issues and conflicts of interest on the part of the enforcers/politicians. This paper highlights the issues that seriously jeopardize strategies to stop money laundering and terror financing, such as geography, informal financial transfers and exchange systems, un-regulated charities and real estate sectors, the modest performance of enforcement agencies and lukewarm political support for the NAP. Findings The situation requires the improvement of weak legislation and poor coordination and the adaptation of technological advancements and novel counter-strategies, along with properly trained enforcement personnel. Originality/value This paper will prove to be a valuable reference for exploring the shortcomings and insights. This will provide useful information for legal and financial practitioners, academicians, research scholars, policymakers and journalists.

Obesity and increased BMI has raised concerns throughout the globe. As obesity is often associated with many serious medical conditions. Obesity, older age and gender are major contributing factors for knee replacement surgeries. We aimed to compare the mean duration of surgery in obese and non-obese patients undergoing total knee replacement.A Cross-sectional study is conducted at the orthopedic department at Shifa international hospital, Islamabad during June 2021-Dec 2021. Study is conducted to assess the effect of BMI on duration of total knee arthroplasty. Sample size was calculated to be 105 with 95% confidence limit. Data will be analyzed using SPSS version 22. Quantitative variables like age, BMI and duration of surgery were presented as mean and standard deviation. Qualitative variables like gender, laterality (unilateral/bilateral), and ASA were presented as frequency and percentage.There were more females undergoing the procedure than males. The predominant age group was found to be 56-65 years. On BMI classification scale, a far greater number of individuals were found to be obese constituting more than ⅗ of the study population and almost ⅕ of the patients were overweight. The Association of BMI ClassificationDuration of Surgery has a significant p value of 0.00.A linear and direct relation was observed between body mass index and duration of surgery. There may be other contributing factors and will need more data and research.

The use of DNA as evidence in judicial trials in Pakistan is fraught with issues and challenges, including sampling, profiling, analysis, inclusion and exclusion criteria, insight and oversight mechanisms, invasion of personal privacy, constitutional safeguards and court admissibility issues. These problems have diminished the significance of this robust forensic evidence and hindered the creation of a central database in the country. This paper discusses these issues and introduces suggestions for the inclusion of DNA as significant evidence in the criminal justice system of Pakistan.

The pursuit of happiness is the major goal of humanity. Multidisciplinary research efforts had tried to find its determinants. This study investigates the role of different dimensions of institutional quality of happiness for 33 Asian countries. Quality of institutes helps people feel a sense of control and achievement, which may lead to perceived wellbeing. This study has used a panel FGLS model. The results confirmed that good governance, money, openness, and employment have a significant effect on happiness. It is urged that improvement in indicators like regulatory quality and rule of law to promote employment and trade openness which may help in national happiness.

Firstly, this paper describes a phenomenon of transnational organization and general condition of world and ‘man in the world’. For developing a comprehensive framework, it presents authentic literature review beginning from modernity to post modernity using the hermeneutic-interpretivism research tradition to show the similarities between modernism and post modernism. By revealing the missing link in the quantum paradigm of ralph Kilmann (scholar of quantum organization) on one hand, it develops the possibility of reviving revealed knowledge back into the main frame knowledge of organization theory, on the other hand. By raising and addressing the question of how can the revealed knowledge addresses the current economic dilemma, the paper describes the three lenses available used to understand natural world, socio economic world and behavioral world in Newtonian verses quantum assumptions on organization theory along with their implications. For cross fertilization of ideas and better understanding of God, cosmos and human it presents an alternative of Islamic way forward suggested by scholarly views from East and West. To further substantiate, it presents the stunning insights from the renowned wisdom traditions (pragmatic civilizations) to highlight why religions matter to show (the levels of reality and levels of selfhood as well as relationship between Necessity being and contingent being), responding the situation of power and domination prevalent in organizing world by suggesting historical/civilizational ethical mode and adopting psycho, spiritual-pragmatic approach with holistic world view (Big picture).

Contemporary advertisement practices have created many social and ethical problems due to their materialistic focus. The effect of these problems can also be seen in many Muslim countries including Pakistan in terms of diversion from their cultural and religious values. This paper attempts to integrate the Islamic business ethics in contemporary advertisement practices to find the solution of the ethical dilemma which is created by these materialistic advertisement practices. The focus of Islamic way of business is not just to earn profit but to serve the society. The human welfare is the gist of Islamic business ethics. This paper attempts to evaluate advertisement in terms of Quran and Hadiths of the Holy Prophet (PBUM) and discuss unethical aspects of the contemporary advertisement practices.

Since the time of Western modernity, knowledge is compartmentalized into differentiated fields. This has however not mitigated the influence of natural science model of theorizing on social sciences. As a result, the discipline of organization theory has grown without the influence of abstract, ephemeral and metaphysical fields such as religion, history, mystic philosophy, arts and literature. With the rise of organizational cultural studies and the emergence of symbolic-interpretive view of organizing during the last three or four decades, the trend is however gradually shifting. Corporate aesthetics is a field within organization theory which places value on the aesthetical aspects of managing and organizing. Taking the lead from corporate aesthetics, this paper highlights the link between Organization theory and literature (poetry, both English and Urdu). The linguistic and conceptual instrument of metaphors is isolated as the underpinning tool of this link. The role of metaphors in organization theory seems to have further importance because of the emergence of „social construction‟ and „sense making‟ views of organizations. The paper reinforces the views of contemporary writers of organization theory that the field draws from multiple and diverse disciplines by highlighting the link between organization theory and poetry through employing metaphoricity.

The need of strategic thinking and acting becomes the imperative for higher education institutions under the conditions of change, specifically in the context of Pakistan. The role of identity and image in organizational leadership perceptions becomes the focus of this research, specifically when the models developed in advanced countries need to be refined and extended in developing countries before implementing in the delicate context of academia. Using Gioia and Thomas’s (2000) questionnaire and collecting responses on 7-point likert scale on 60 variable across 104 universities in Pakistan, this paper executed AMOS, analyzed their model using confirmatory factor analysis, and highlights the role of image and identity in developing organizational leadership perceptions, on theoretical and empirical grounds, in the face of strategic change in academia. This study not only confirms the insights of Gioia and Thomas (1996) model but also highlights their concepts conceptually as well as empirically. In this way extends their insights in the context of Pakistan and provides fresh insights discussing the role of image, identity, desired future image, and their inter-relationship on one hand and suggests means to accomplish change by adopting fluid identity on other hand in both conceptual and empirical terms. This study found that present image, desired future image, and present identity are key in making organizational leadership perception, specifically in academic institutions in Pakistan.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss the multiple complexities of the phenomena of globalization under the microscope of different perspectives, and not just the relative simplicities of the different disciplines that deal with it. This approach leads us to ask: can we engage the phenomena of globalization – globally. Methodology: Starting with the insights of Ohmae (1995), Bartlett and Ghoshal (2000) and others from globalization literature, this paper will explore the different perspectives of globalization namely: globalization of the natural environment, global economics, globalization of political/legal environments, and global technologies under the umbrella of global interconnections. This paper will also describe the insights from the arguments of the skeptical, the hyper-global, and the transformational viewpoints. Significance: Living in a global world of interconnectedness and interdependence, it is important to give comprehensive, holistic and enhanced understanding of globalization from multidiscilplinarity view point as the effects of globalization simultaneously affecting the individual as well as at a world systemic level. It can also raise the bar of corporate decision making to the better level, being more informed individual, organizational participant and citizen of nation by the interdisciplinary perspectives.

Introduction: The most interesting feature of research on power in organizations is that we are blessed and plagued by variety of approaches and theories. Being blessed means that we have multitude of ideas and approaches while plagued means that many theories are fragmented and a little integration efforts have been made yet. Consequently, the clear picture of intraorganizational power relations is quite difficult to obtain. An interdisciplinary approach is needed to define links among the many aspects of power. In this theoretical synthesis, a serious attempt is made to summarize what we know and don’t know about power in organizations. Roadmap: So, here is the roadmap for this piece of writing. We begin with the definition of power followed by a short description of relevant literature review so that the reader can get a sense of what was done with reference to key concepts, findings, and contributions from exemplar research studies on this topic. In the end, we briefly incorporate the contemporary debates, central questions that remain unanswered, and new directions for future research.

Objectives: 1. To explore, extend and refine the theory based framework of Schultze and Stabell discourses, and contradictions in KM research. 2. To discuss double edged nature of knowledge by highlighting different assumptions about knowledge and its management. 3. To discuss strategy paradoxes as additional contradictions in the domain of KM research. 4. To elaborate further specifically dialogic discourse and constructivist discourse. Methodology: Using the examples of Pakistani organization and International cases for exploring paradoxes in the land of KM and strategic management, the relevant literature has been explored from strategic management and knowledge management. For Pakistani organizations insights are taken from Brand Elections 2010 and for multinational organizations, the examples of short cases are taken from the book. Strategy: Process, Content, Context – An international perspective. The 3D view of strategy (strategy process, strategy content, strategy context) along with the exploration of different paradoxes lying in 3D view of strategy (strategy process, strategy content, strategy context) with reference to KM has been presented. Suggestions have been made to extend and further refine the theory based model of Schultze and Stabell as the direction for future research.

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the concept of global branding, what it stands for being socially responsible, and what its link with leverage is. It also highlights the range of social responsibility issues with reference to Pakistani brands and explores the relevant issues and deep insights from strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature and global branding literature in the context of Pakistani organizations. It also suggests future implications for theorists, practitioners and academicians with reference to effective strategic CSR and global branding. This paper embarks on the intellectual journey with the concept of CSR and global branding in local context of Pakistan, while reviewing the relevant literature and addressing the issue of complexity in Pakistani context. This study gives insights about the issue of complexity at the time of strategically integrating CSR into global band and sorts out three strands of complexity namely, 1) issue complexity, 2) organizational complexity, and 3) communication complexity in the context of Pakistan. The limitation of this paper is due to the limited academic literature, giving insights about how global organizations in corporate CSR initiatives for the development of brands, and insights dealing with the issues needed to be taken into account at the time of integrating into branding strategies. This paper gives fresh enquiry to the issue complexity, organizational complexity and communication complexity with reference to global brands and CSR activities in the context of Pakistan which has been applied so far.

Since the times of Western modernity, knowledge is compartmentalized as different fields. This has however, not mitigated the influence of natural science model of theorizing on social sciences. As a result the discipline of organization theory has grown without the influence of abstract, ephemeral and metaphysical fields such as; religion, history, mystic philosophy, arts and literature. With the rise of organizational cultural studies and the emergence of symbolic-interpretive view of organizing during the last three or four decades, the trend is however gradually shifting. Corporate aesthetics is one such field within organization theory which places value on the aesthetical aspects of managing and organizing. Taking lead from corporate aesthetics, this paper highlights the link between organization theory and literature (poetry, both English and Urdu). The linguistic and conceptual instrument of metaphors is isolated as the underpinning tool of this link. The role of metaphors in organization theory assumes further importance since the emergence of ‘social construction’ and ‘sense making’ view of organizations. The paper reinforces the views of contemporary writers of organization theory that the field draws from multiple and diverse disciplines by highlighting the link between organization theory and poetry through employing metaphoricity. Key words: Organization theory, poetry, metaphors, corporate aesthetics.

Organizations round the globe are trying their level best to maintain the flow of knowledge across organization in a holistic manner, keeping all the groups, sections and department on board; but most of the time the process of knowledge sharing does not seem smooth, casual and ordinary. On the contrary, it is trouble shooting, particular and situational. This paper encompasses the concept of ‘quality circle’ as described in Total Quality Management and strives to have the same incorporated as ‘knowledge circles’ in an applied manner across organization in order to establish a comprehensive and cohesive network for intra organizational knowledge sharing, that not only facilitates those involved in routine operations but paves the way towards organizational learning.

Multinational enterprises exist because they hold certain competitive advantages over their local counterparts and affect local economies through their spillover effects. Research streams exploring the raison d’ etre and consequences of MNEs are quite distant and remote. This paper analyzes and integrates these two streams of literature, i.e. the competitive advantages that MNEs hold and their spillover effects in developing countries. The paper proposes a relationship and predicts the nature of spillover effects on the basis of competitive advantages of MNEs. This paper can guide the policymakers of developing countries to differentiate between the FDI that is good for their countries and FDI that weakens the already fragile economies of developing countries. The paper also opens a new avenue for the researchers by pointing towards a potential connection between MNEs’ competitive advantages and their spillover effects for the local economies. The relationship between FDI and competitive advantages of MNEs has rarely been researched previously and thus this paper contributes significantly to the existing literature.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the assumptions underlying the population ecology theory, to point out its major weaknesses and also to suggest a solution. Design/methodology/approach: This study reviews the literature from the fields of political economy, organizational research and international management and identifies common threads pointing towards the fallacy of basic ecological assumptions. Findings: The literature from different fields suggests that not only organizations are being selected by the environment, but the environment is also being intentionally controlled, shaped or ‘selected’ and even created by the organizations. Generalizing this argument, it is proposed that all such unidirectional approaches that fail to account for the multi directional influences should be replaced with a multidirectional approach in which all of the concerned variables are given some causal authority. Originality/value: The paper provides some insights into the unwarranted and taken for granted assumptions underlying the popular approach to organizational theorizing. It offers a guideline for organizational theorists to critically evaluate existing theories and to formulate balanced theories in future. Paper type: Viewpoint