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(1) Background: Well-known monosodium glutamate (E-621, MSG), originally used as a food flavor enhancer, was approved approximately in all countries, but the toxicity versus the safety of (MSG) are still unclear due to variable scientific toxicological reports. Moreover, it was reported to trigger elevated frequencies of nausea and headaches in humans and provide deleterious effects on laboratory animals. The objectives of the present study were to (i) estimate the possible toxic effects of the food additive MSG (ii) and the ameliorating protective effects of the dietary supplement spirulina (Spirulina platensis) on the biochemical parameters of blood and the damage produced in organs of Swiss mice after applying a supplementary daily dose of MSG for 4 weeks. (2) Methods: The present study was conducted on 20 mature Swiss mice, which were randomly organized into four groups of five Swiss mice. The treatments were (I) the control group, in which Swiss mice were fed only animal feed and drinking water; group II MSG1, which received 1 mL of MSG; group III MSG0.5, which was treated with 0.5 mL of MSG; and (IV) the group MSGS, which was treated with 1 mL of monosodium glutamate and 1 mL of spirulina (aiming to reduce the MSG toxicity). (3) Results: At the end of the experiment, Swiss mice treated with MSG demonstrated a passiveness regarding behavioral aspects. As we hypothesized, the parameters of the spirulina group reached similar values to the control group, and no histopathological observations have been found. Altogether, our findings evidenced that monosodium glutamate leads to histopathological changes in Swiss mice kidneys and caused important modifications for all biochemical parameters of the blood serum. Noticeably, the potential protective effect of Spirulina platensis was proved and was described by using the FTIR spectroscopy technique. (4) Conclusions: A diet rich in antioxidants and other plant-derived bioactive compounds may provide healthy nutrition, alleviating the potential side effects of some food additives.

During a period of 6 months beginnings with October 2016 until March 2017, were analysed meat products such as: Haiducesc smoked chest, Premium jambon, as well as semi-smoked assortments: Pork salami, Pintea salami and Pancetta salami obtained at SC. “Ferma Zootehnică” SRL Baia Mare. The results are reported at 100 g of product and were as follow: Haiducesc smoked chest: 31.87% water, 3.2 g salt, 2.51 mg nitrites; Premium jambon: 32.16% water, 3.38 g salt, 2.78 mg nitrites; Pork salami: 53.2% water, 2.13 g salt, 2.32 mg nitrites; Pintea salami: 51.8% water, 2.21 g salt, 2.95 mg nitrites; Pancetta salami: 46.08% water, 2.21 g salt, 2.04 mg nitrites. The obtained values fit in the allowed limits of the European norms STAS 6352/1-88 and 6353-85, therefore the products obtained are very good quality.

Research conducted on the parasitological pollution in some digestive helminthosis in horses, (parascaridiosis, strongillidosis and oxyuriasis), made in January 2011 in the village of Crasna, Salaj county on a herd of 72 horses from households (40 adults and 32 young horses), using diagnostic methods ovohelmintoscopics with enrichment of faeces taken (method Willis) and the scaling technique of curettage in anal pit area, revealed a different incidence of the main digestive helmintoze studied in correlation with age category and area of origin of the samples. Thus, mean parascaridiosis values are of 12.5% in adults and of 34.0% in young horses and riding in strongillidosis to an average of 82.5% in adult horses and, respectively, to 34.5% in young horses. In exchange for pinworm infection extensivity of parasitism in adult horses is 18.0% and respectively, 15.0% in young horses. Linked to the intensity of parasitism in helmintosis taken in study, the data obtained reveals different levels of pollution coproparasitologic Eggtester, in correlation with the area of origin and age. Thus, adult and youth horse parascaridiosis, dominates the low and medium infestations (100%) and in adult horses strongilidosis dominate the medium infestations (84.0%) and low infestations (75%) in young horses.

Investigations conducted on a sample of 33 ocean fish of consumption, mackerel and herring uneviscerated and frosen, packed in plastic bags, different weights and purchased from supermarket chain stores, concerning the incidence and intensity of parasitism by larvae of Anisakis sp. to gut and visceral level, lesion picture caused and also some morphological measurements, reveals an incidence of anisakiasis of 60.0% to 72.2% in mackerel and respectively in herring. Regarding the infestation intensity of Anisakis larvae sp., infestations dominate weakly the mackerel (44.4%), followed by medium (33.3%) and massive (22.0%). In contrast to the herring are dominant the medium infestations (46.1%), followed by massive (30.7%) and low infestations (23.1%).Table of lesion caused by larval stages in gut and visceral level is characterized by intestinal congestion, hemorrhagic enteritis and hemoragico – necrotic and the presence of larval cystic foci on serous of gut, kidneys, liver and gonads. Morphological investigations carried out on a sample of 20 larvae, collected from herring and mackerel, regarding biometric aspects, cuticular and of color, body size variables highlights from 13.0 mm / 0.6 mm minimum to 27.0 / 0.6 mm maximum, with an average of 20.0 mm / 0.5 mm, comparable to those presented in the speciality literature.

Investigations were done on 7 alive samples in agonic or death stage, taken from an extensive exploitation pond, in north-east Transylvanian zone, with an water surface of 0,2 ha and a total fish quantity of about 200 kg, second summer carp of an average weight of 300 g/individual. As a result of clinical, bacterioscopy and bacteriology and also necropsy laboratory exam it were put in evidence some aspects. So, clinical exam has revealed, by the presence of integument hemorrhagic ulcerous lesions, also the presence of some crustacaee ectoparasites, Argulus foliaceus species, which have made easier the disease spreading in whole effective. Necropsy exam puts in evidence, anatomy-clinic, the presence of integument hemorrhagic lesions under a point or diffuse form, but also ulcers and muscle – cutaneous necrosis. As a following of bacterioscopy exam of smears done from pathologic material taken in cutaneous lesions and colored by Gram method it was ascertained the presence of a bacterial polymorph flora, of bacillus and cocobacillus type, Gram negative. Bacteriologic exam (cultural), realized on ordinary culture mediums (sauce, water) and selective mediums (agar with blood) isolates in pure culture germs from Aeromonas kind, basis on morphological and cultural characters, which are framed in Aeromonas genus patterns described by speciality literature. As a following of biochemical characters exam, with the help of multitest API20E system it was established that Aeromonas spp. strains isolated, belong to hydrophila group 1 species, species which is responsible of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia performing in carp. By testing the sensitiveness to antibodies and chemiotherapy in strains which have been found as diagnosis (diffusiometric method of antibiogram), it was ascertained that group 1 Aeromonas hydrophila strains, isolated from disease pesthole, were in decreasing order sensitive to : Eurofloxocin, Florfenicol (Floron) and Oxitetracycline and resistant to Ampiciline, Amoxicilin, Eritromicin.

Investigations carried out on a herd of 485 sheep (ovine adult and youth), a private unit of household type, regarding the incidence of pod dermatitis and the picture in dynamic of clinical anatomical changes in the period January-April 2011, highlights the increasing frequency of their 2.2% in January to 2.7% in February, 3.4% in March and 4.6 in April. Of all disease, are dominant lesions of pod dermatitis with necrobacilium (66.1%), followed by lesions of felon (15.9%), suppurative pod dermatitis (12.9%) and other causes (6.4%).

Abstract Background Tartrazine (Yellow 5 or E102) is a synthetic food dye able to modify perception and behavior, causing agitation, confusion, rhinitis and can produce hyperactivity syndrome in children when is combined with benzoates. Additionally, it can trigger oxidative stress which consequently generates metabolic disorders. Therefore, the study was designed to evaluate the harmful effects of the food additive tartrazine and to observe beneficial properties of blackthorn fruits (Prunus spinosa) on the blood and organs of albino Wistar rats. Materials and methods This study was carried out on 20 mature Wistar rats, randomly divided into four groups of five animals. Over the course of the experiment, the control group received only food and drinking water, group I received 75 mg of tartrazine dissolved in (250 ml) water group II was given 75 mg of tartrazine and 200 mg of dried blackthorn fruit powder 200 mg dissolved simultaneously in (250 ml) of tartrazine-water mixture (aiming to reduce the tartrazine toxicity) and group III received a higher dose of tartrazine (100 mg) in (250 ml) of water. Results At the end of the experiment, values regarding kidney and liver weight were significantly increased, while the weight of the spleen was slightly decreased compared with the weight of the control group. Biochemical and hematological assays, of the blood samples show that the addition of tartrazine in the diet of rats caused significant changes in all biochemical and hematological parameters of the blood. In the group II, which received (P. spinosa) powder combined with tartrazine, the biochemical and hematological parameters had average values similar to the control group. Conclusions Histopathological assay showed that the application of tartrazine in the group I, II and III produced lesions of the kidneys, spleen and the liver for all rodents. Tartrazine was able to generate histopathological changes, which caused significantly tissue lesions of the liver and significant changes in blood parameters. Blackthorn powder showed a promising protective role for the blood parameters but demonstrated no significant benefits for the organs.

Contagious sheep footrot is an infectious disease with chronic evolution, usually enzootic, characterized by necrotic or necrotic-purulent inflammation of the soft tissues of the hoof, which causes partial or total detachment of the horn. Cu-based products represented by (I) 1-hydroxyquinoline + Cu on 5% hydroxyapatite, (II) 2 Hydroxyquinoline + Cu + NO3 on 5% Hydroxyapatite and (III) 3 Nitrohydroxyquinoline + Cu on 5% Hydroxyapatite were conditioned in aqueous suspension in a volume of 100 ml, pH 6,0 – 6,4. The products were placed into wells, 20 μL/well, along with 0.5 % copper sulphate solution (Cu control) and Enroxil and Oxitetracycline (control for antibiotics). The results demonstrated that 7 of the samples (58.33 %) are sensitive to the product I, 6 samples (50%) to the product III, 4 samples (33.33 %) to the product 2 and the 0.5% Copper sulphate solution only has a bacteriostatic effect. In comparison to the two antibiotics, 9 samples (75 %) are sensitive to enrofloxacin and only 5 samples (41.66 %) to oxytetracycline. Regarding the associations of microorganisms in the samples with resistance, we have found that these are represented by the most common germs of genus Bacillus, Corynebacterium and Gram negative bacteria, and rarer associations with Micrococcus and Staphylococcus.

The investigations carried out on a sample of 53 breeders (31 females and 22 males), in a fishing farm of Suatu village, County of Cluj, concerning the incidence of hemorrhagic bacterial septicaemia, diagnosis and profilactico-therapeutic possibilities. Results highlights a incidence of bacteriosis differentiated according to the category of breeders, 54.8% in females and 36.3% in males. Necropsy examination carried out on 3 specimen of suspected bacteriosis, highlights the presence of hemorrhagic skin lesions, which are dotted or diffuse, respectively musculo-cutaneous necrosis and ulcers. Regarding the internal injuries, opening of the body cavity, revealed consistency changes and septicemy form in major internal organs, as well as the presence of a liquid hollow looking sanguinolent. The bacterioscopic examination of smears from the pathologic material (skin surface end internal samples) and colored with the Gram method, reveled bacterial microflora, represented by coccobacillus and straight bacilli or slightly curved, both Gram negative. Furthermore, the bacteriological (culture) exam performed on usual and selective culture mediae, distinguishes the isolation of pure culture bacteriae belonging to the genus Aeromonas. The exam of biochemical traits, with the aid of API 20 E multitest determines that the isolated strains of Aeromonas spp. belong to the species Aeromonas hydrophila, indicted in the emergence and evolution of the bacterial of haemorrhagic septicaemia. Testing strains sensitivity to antibiotics and chemotherapy (through antibiograma level), reflects the isolated bacteria’s values of sensitivity in decreasing order: amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, florfenicol and enrofloxacilin. However, reduced sensitivity was recorded to tetracycline and ampicillin and resistance to erythromycin. Â

This paper presents a study on the interaction of children with special needs and horses, which attempts to demonstrate the effects of hipoterapy in helping children with disabilities. The research was conducted on a group of 20 children with disabilities who participated in this type of therapy for 8 months (January-August 2015) in Leorinţ Leisure Center and Riding Therapy, which owns 6 horses. This study was conducted by a psychologist pre- and post-evaluation and there were followed skills and cognitive function, motor skills, spatial-temporal orientation skills, sensory-perceptual organization, examining language and personality of children. In the first stage an initial assessment of children was made representing the starting point to see to what extent children are, what special needs they have and what gaps need to be recovered or what skills and qualities may be based in therapy. After 3 months of hippotherapy, in April 2015, there was made intermediar evaluation of beneficiaries to see if the intended results were achieved and where to optimise the therapy. The final evaluation was conducted in August 2015, after four months from the intermediar evaluation. Applying hippotherapy for children with various disabilities, it was found that children moving better, move better, speak more easily, communicate and become more careful. Besides outcomes of hippotherapy and results are measurable and easily to observe such as satisfaction to participate in hippotherapy sessions and getting into contact with the horses.

The health status of cows is evaluated and depending on haematological and biochemical profile of blood. Nutrition is the main technological factor that can produce profound changes in the metabolic profile in animals (Dhiman et al., 1991; Khaled et al., 1999; Ingvartsen, 2006). Blood parameters analyze can lead to identify if there are errors in nutrition of lactating cows (Payne et al., 1970). The aim of this study was the evaluation of metabolic and biochemical changes that occur during colostrum period and in terms of number of lactations in cows. The biological material was represented by a total of 60 heads of dairy cows from a family farm from Sălaj County, Romania. The cows are all from Holstein breed and presented no clinical signs of any specific pathology. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each cow and analyzed. 10 individuals from each of the six lactations have been randomly selected. Haematological and biochemical parameters showed variations depending on factors analyzed here. In lactation 1 Hb was 7.55±3.05 (g/dl), while in lactation 6 the value was 12.5±2.10 (g/dl). RBC ranged as follows: in lactation 1 - 28.50±2.05 and in lactation 6 - 30.02±2.05. Lymphocytes varied within very wide limits under the influence of lactation: in lactation 1 - 2.8±1.56 and in lactation 6 - 7.55±1.80. The number of lactations and lactation rank have influenced blood biochemical and hematological parameters in dairy cows. Biochemical parameters are influenced by post-partum day, showing the lowest values in the early days of colostral period and the highest in the last few days of the same period.

The study focussed on the Romanian spotted breed-Simmental type was aimed to evaluating the productive potential and some reproductive indices in the period 2013-2015 in Sona farm from Brasov county. The main indicators taken into consideration to analyze the whole herd were the following: milk yield, milk quality, age of first calving, mammary repose and calving interval. Analyzing milk production, this was increasing from 5439 kg in 2013 to 7400 kg in 2015, with an average for the entire period of 6324.33 kg with 4.23% fat and 3.42% protein. Also the fat and protein content have increased over this period, from 4.13 % for fat and 3.25 % for protein in 2013, to 4.34 % and 3.56 respectively in 2015. Analyzing the main indicators of reproduction for a period of three years it was found that calving interval is on average of 401 days and mammary repose is around of 54 days. It is clearly observed that during this period the production is increasing, this shows that cows from the Sona farm records genetic progress regarding qualitative and quantitative milk production. The research has done much to show the productive potential and popularity of the Romanian spotted breed-Simmental type in Transylvania region.

Quality analysis of 576 milk samples, obtained from the eight controls was performed in 2015 at the didactics UASVM farm from Cojocna. The biological material was represented by a 107 cows of Romanian spotted breed. On this population, individual and overall, were analized more aspects: productive performances and the main milk quality indicators such as fat, protein, lactose, pH, with particular reference to somatic cell counts as the main indicator of subclinical mastitis and the content of urea as the main indicator of nutritional aspects of the dairy cows. Following the official control of milk production, it was found that the milk production was on average 14.76 kg/day with a quite high values of coefficient of variability, between 31.05% and 40.47%, depending on the controls, which indicating a strong heterogeneity of this trait. The chemical characteristics of 576 samples showed considerable variations from one control to another. The amount of total fat and protein was found to be on average of 3.92% and 3.37% respectively. Regarding the content of urea and somatic cells, in all tested milk samples, the lowest value was found in the fifth control, with an average of 8.04±0.6 mg/dl and 69.20±23.3 cell/mlx103, while the highest was in the first control 19.37±0.7 mg/dl for urea, and 263.17±31.7 cell/mlx103 for the somatic cells.