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In recent decades, the interest in having an ideal body in men has caused a pathological tendency to be muscular, followed by a tendency to use anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs). This study was designed to evaluate the mediating role of muscle dysmorphia in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and body image-related cognitive fusion with the tendency to use AAS in male athletes. Out of the total number of men referring to fitness clubs in Isfahan, Iran, 474 men were evaluated using a multistage random cluster sampling method. The questionnaires used in this research included the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory, Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire—Body Image, Young Schema Questionnaire—Short Form, and Prototype Willingness Model Questionnaire. The results demonstrated that the relationship of AAS use with body image-related cognitive fusion and the three maladaptive schemas with the mediation of muscle dysmorphia is significant. The present study provides significant implications in the discussion of prevention and treatment of AAS addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In areas with a deep floor plan, the distribution of natural light is not uniform. Consequently, relying solely on daylight may not suffice to meet the space's lighting requirements, necessitating the use of artificial lighting in darker areas. Therefore, a lighting system is needed that not only controls the glare near the windows but also increases the light at the end of the room and provides uniform daylight. One of the widely used systems is the "light shelf", which has three main functions: shading, increasing the depth of light penetration, and reducing glare. Review articles about light shelves were published in 2015 and 2017, while more than 80% of the studies have been carried out since 2016, and light shelves with more diverse forms and dynamic elements and many consolidations have been proposed. Therefore, there is a need for a more comprehensive review. The main question of this research is how different parameters (including climate, material, ceiling, and integrated systems) can help to increase the efficiency of light shelves. By using a systematic review, studies in the past three decades were classified in order to determine the effect of these parameters on improving lighting performance and controlling solar heat gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This exploratory study examines a rural critical access hospital (CAH) staff's perception of current obstacles and needs concerning the physical environment. Background: CAH intends to improve access to healthcare, coordinate with experts and providers, and serve as the rural population's healthcare hub. It is imperative to understand environmental qualities that impact the quality of care to develop effective policies and design guidelines for rural healthcare. Nevertheless, a limited number of studies have focused on user or organizational outcomes related to the physical environment of rural healthcare settings. Methods: This cross-sectional exploratory qualitative case study was conducted as part of the facility planning process for a CAH in rural North Carolina. Hospital staff participated in a survey exploring their satisfaction with the overall physical environment privacy, space allocation, and department adjacency. An open-ended question asked staff to elaborate on needed improvements and changes in their department. Results: Findings show low satisfaction levels for space allocations for emergency department, lab, surgery, and wound care. Safety and quality were the two emerging outcomes of the physical environment's shortcomings. Two clusters emerged from the content analysis, representing facility needs (rightly sized spaces, functional needs, COVID-19 needs, and improved access) and ambient conditions (clutter, visibility, flooring quality, noise, privacy, cleanliness, aesthetics, and temperature). Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that the interior and exterior facility and ambient conditions of the CAH play a key role in quality and safety outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pedagogical roles of teacher educators (TEs) in recruiting and educating future language teachers have recently gained attention among teacher education researchers. As there is scant research on the perspectives of stakeholders on these roles, this study sought to investigate the pedagogical roles of Iranian non-native TEs in educating preservice and inservice EFL teachers from the viewpoint of language institute managers. To this end, following a qualitative research design, a total of 30 institute managers were selected via the snowball sampling method and invited for semi-structured interviews. The participants' responses were audio recorded and subjected to thematic analysis to extract the main themes. The findings showed that institute managers assigned three key pedagogical roles to TEs: holding preservice/in-service teacher education courses, improving the assessment system, and designing effective language syllabuses. Language institute managers believed that effective TEs should not only be responsible for running teacher education courses but also engage in the evaluation process by designing and developing relevant instructional syllabuses in cooperation with educational managers of the institutes. The findings have implications for the professional development and practices of TEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of studies have identified childcare environments as significant resources for children's development, learning through play, and contact with nature. However, there is a lack of knowledge about how, from a child's perspective, specific outdoor physical environments in preschools stimulate children's cognitive play. Emphasizing on the value of listening to children, this study reports the perspectives of 22, 4- to 5-year-olds. The study context was an outdoor preschool with natural, mixed, and manufactured settings. A combination of photo preferences and semi-structured interviews was used to investigate children's perception of preferred settings and cognitive plays. The results identified that children mainly enjoyed functional and dramatic play. They mostly preferred mixed behavior settings that incorporated ranges of natural and manufactured elements. Compared to other settings, children found mixed settings provided the most opportunities for functional, constructive, dramatic, and game with rules play. The outcomes of this study have implications for the design of outdoor preschools, suggesting a balanced integration of nature with manufactured play features to enhance cognitive play experiences.

Objective: The present study aims to identify and analyze the educational foundations of Mosque based educational center, seeking to answer the following question: "Which foundations do these schools adhere to and what goals and principles do they follow?" Method: To examine the above-mentioned questions, this research utilized a descriptive-analytical approach and employed a comparative-inductive content analysis method to have a case study of Hazrat Rouhollah Educational Complex in Mashhad. Results: The findings of study included educational foundations, goals, principles, and educational methods obtained through the content analysis of documents within this educational set. Educational foundations were classified into macro and micro levels. Macro-level foundations (policy-making) were presented in the field of structure (inefficiency of present educational systems) and in the field of approach (the centrality of the mosque in education, prioritizing teaching over education, the scientific-moral authority of the educator, and the priority of role of the family in education). Additionally, micro-level educational foundations (implementation) in the field of educational content (prioritizing the realm of doctrinal-worship-moral education, and the realm of various aspects of human being and the necessity of attention to them) and in the field of educational methods (observing gradual progression and adapting content to the learner, diversity in the learner's capabilities and attention to them) were identified. Conclusion: The findings at both macro and micro levels can be utilized in educational systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outdoor preschools are critical for children's play and development. Integrating observational and interview methods, this study examined four-to-five-year-old children's cognitive play experiences in an outdoor preschool with natural, mixed and manufactured zones. The observational results indicated that the natural and mixed zones offered a diverse spectrum of cognitive play, were supportive of different learning styles and expanded their understanding about the world. Children preferred the diverse, challenging and constantly evolving natural settings in these zones. Integrating diverse natural and manufactured settings with loose elements, the mixed zone supported considerable opportunities for functional, exploratory and games with rules play behaviors. The accessible loose materials inspired children's imagination, social engagement and games. In contrast, the manufactured zone offered the most functional and non-play behaviors, and was perceived as an unexciting, predictable and tedious environment. The findings suggest incorporating natural features and settings in outdoor preschools to support a diverse spectrum of cognitive play.