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Objectives: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is routinely administered after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) to decrease the duration of neutropenia and diminish the incidence of febrile neutropenia. Nevertheless, the most advantageous timeframe for administering G-CSF in the transplantation setting remains elusive. Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 200 patients diagnosed with hematological malignancies who underwent auto-HSCT between July 2017 and January 2022. Patients were divided into two groups of 100 individuals based on the timing of G-CSF administration after auto-HSCT. In the first group, G-CSF was administered on post-transplantation day +1, while in the second group, G-CSF was administered on post-transplantation day +5. Patient demographics and clinical outcomes, including time to neutrophil engraftment, time to platelet engraftment, length of hospital stay, duration of fever, and incidence of bacterial and fungal bloodstream infections, were compared between the two groups. Results: We identified a significantly shorter platelet engraftment time in the day +5 group than in the day +1 group (P<0.001), though the groups were similar regarding neutrophil engraftment time. The total number of G-CSF injections differed significantly according to the administration schedule. The number of red blood cells and length of hospital stay was greater in the day +1 group (all P<0.001). The incidence of bacterial and fungal bloodstream infections and duration of fever did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: Delayed administration of G-CSF on day +5 is as effective as early administration and can positively influence platelet engraftment, transfusion support, and hospitalization time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Summary: Tinea incognita (TI) can mimic other dermatoses, presenting a diagnostic challenge for dermatologists. In some uncertain cases, it is crucial to accurately identify the causative agent using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. The global issue of drug‐resistant dermatophytosis is increasing, with Trichophyton (T.) indotineae being the main cause. This study presents four cases of TI (diagnosed as eczema) by terbinafine‐resistant T. indotineae strains and reviews the current global TI epidemiology based on geographical continent and related conditions. Furthermore, squalene epoxidase (SQLE)‐associated resistance mechanisms are evaluated. Lesions caused by terbinafine‐resistant T. indotineae strains do not respond to allylamine antifungals, thus allowing the infection to spread. Among T. indotineae isolates, the SQLE F397L substitution is the most prevalent mutation contributing to azole resistance. F397L and L393F replacements in SQLE were detected in all isolates that exhibited high‐level resistance. L393S was seen in isolates with low‐resistant strains. Interestingly, and for the first time, an L393F amino acid substitution in the SQLE gene product was detected in the Iranian clinical T. indotineae strain. Also, a genomics‐based update on terbinafine resistance that focuses on T. indotineae is discussed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patients with relapsing or primary refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, still have unsatisfactory outcomes after high dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Brentuximab Vedotin (BV) is the only approved agent for maintenance therapy for up to one year in these patients, however, this agent is often not available or affordable for many patients, especially in the developing countries. In this study, we used Everolimus as maintenance therapy after ASCT among patients with relapsing/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma., Materials and Methods: We collected the data of 20 patients with primary refractory or relapsing Hodgkin lymphoma who had undergone ASCT between June 2016 and June 2021. Everolimus was started at 10 mg daily on day +90 after ASCT for at least two years in patients with stable disease status, confirmed by imaging modalities. Patients were followed for disease status and drug side effects every 3 months., Results: In our single-arm case-series study, the median duration of treatment was 22.95 months. Except for three patients, who had progression, others had no progression and are still receiving Everolimus (85%). No serious side effect was seen. We had no mortality due to disease recurrence., Conclusion: Until now, results showed promising effects of Everolimus in patients with relapsing or primary refractory Hodgkin lymphoma as maintenance therapy after ASCT., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available on the website., (Copyright Ⓒ2023 Asia-Pacific Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group (APBMT).)