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23. Barriers and facilitators to HIV care engagement: Recommendations from people with HIV in rural Arkansas.

Author

Marshall, Sarah Alexandra, Tao, Jun, Horton, Heather K., Montgomery, Madeline C., Baloh, Jure, Gu, Mofan, Mabin, Cornelius, Cima, Mike, Nunn, Amy S., Chan, Philip A., and Zaller, Nickolas D.

Subjects
HIV infections, RESEARCH, HEALTH services accessibility, RURAL health services, SOCIAL support, INTERVIEWING, SOCIAL stigma, PATIENTS' attitudes, QUALITATIVE research, HEALTH attitudes, RESEARCH funding, PATIENT compliance, CONTENT analysis, THEMATIC analysis, MEDICAL case management, RURAL population, PSYCHOLOGY of HIV-positive persons, TRANSPORTATION, TELEMEDICINE, PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience
Abstract

Purpose: Little is known about factors affecting HIV care engagement and retention among rural people with HIV (PWH) in the South. About half of PWH in Arkansas reside in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to explore factors affecting engagement and retention in HIV care among PWH in rural areas of Arkansas. Methods: We conducted an exploratory qualitative study in 2020 and completed individual interviews (N = 11) with PWH in rural counties in Arkansas. Findings: Content analysis revealed the following themes: (1) Barriers to HIV care included long distances to the nearest HIV clinic and transportation issues along with anticipating and/or experiencing HIV‐related stigma; (2) facilitators of HIV care included having a helpful HIV care provider and Ryan White case manager and a social support network that aided them in prioritizing their own health; (3) participants had the most favorable reactions to Ryan White case management, peer navigators, and telemedicine for HIV treatment/care; and (4) participants demonstrated resilience overcoming various obstacles as they worked toward being healthy mentally and physically while living with HIV. Conclusion: Interventions need to address multilevel factors, including hiring PWH as peer navigators and/or caseworkers and offering HIV care via telemedicine, to improve HIV care engagement and retention among rural populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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38. Characterizing Firearm Assault Injury Among Young Black Men Using Arkansas Hospital Discharge Data.

Author

Lovelady, Nakita N., Zaller, Nickolas D., Stewart, Mary Kate, Cheney, Ann M., Porter III, Austin, and Haynes, Tiffany F.

Subjects
*INJURY risk factors, *PSYCHOLOGY of Black people, *HOSPITALS, *LENGTH of stay in hospitals, *STATISTICS, *PSYCHOLOGY of men, *VIOLENCE in the community, *SUBSTANCE abuse, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *AGE distribution, *SHOOTINGS (Crime), *POPULATION geography, *HOSPITAL costs, *VIOLENCE, *MENTAL health, *FISHER exact test, *RISK assessment, *CRIME victims, *PEARSON correlation (Statistics), *RESEARCH funding, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *CHI-squared test, *SOCIAL classes, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *DEATH, *DATA analysis software, *ODDS ratio, *DISCHARGE planning, *SECONDARY analysis
Abstract

Using statewide hospital discharge data from 2005 to 2014, this study aimed to describe and identify predictors of firearm assault among young Black men ages 18 to 44 in Arkansas. Descriptive analyses of data were performed for patient demographics (age, marital status, residential location, etc.), injury, and health care information (hospital charges, length of stay, mortality, time, day and season of injury, etc.). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant predicting factors for firearm assault among this population. Most of the sample survived firearm assault injury, were ages 18–35, were not married, resided in Central Arkansas, and were admitted to a Central Arkansas hospital during night hours on weekends. The majority had a short hospital stay, and total charges exceeded $34 million during the study observation years. Most patients had no diagnosis of a mental disorder, and a little less than half had drug use disorders. Being ages 18–25, living in the Central region of Arkansas, and being married were all significant predictors of firearm assault for this population. Death was also significantly associated with firearm assault. Our findings lay the groundwork for understanding firearm assault injury among young Black men in Arkansas. Research should be expanded to examine other important data sources for firearm assault and to further explore the context of predicting factors, in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of firearm assault and to better inform future prevention efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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46. HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Awareness and Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Only and Men Who Have Sex with Both Men and Women

Author

Tao, Jun, primary, Montgomery, Madeline C., additional, Chu, Christina T., additional, Sosnowy, Collette, additional, Almonte, Alexi, additional, Goedel, William C., additional, Silva, Elizabeth S., additional, Reisopoulos, Antonio, additional, Marshall, Sarah Alexandra, additional, Zaller, Nickolas D., additional, Rogers, Brooke G., additional, Nunn, Amy S., additional, Marshall, Brandon D.L., additional, and Chan, Philip A., additional

Published
2020
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