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Objectives: There are two alternative hypotheses regarding bidirectional associations between self‐efficacy and planning in predicting health behaviour change: self‐efficacy may establish planning (cultivation hypothesis) or planning may enable the formation of self‐efficacy (enabling hypothesis). This study investigates the order in which these two social cognitions are linked in adult–adult dyads in the context of sedentary behaviours (SB). Design: A longitudinal study with 4 measurement points, spanning 8 months. Methods: A total of 320 dyads (age: 18–90 years) were enrolled. Dyads included a focus person (who received the recommendation to reduce SB and intended to change their SB), and their partners, who were willing to support the focus persons and intended to reduce their own SB as well. Data were collected at Time 1 (T1), Time 2 (1 week later, T2), Time 3 (T3, 2 months after T1) and Time 4 (T4, 8 months after T1). SB was measured with accelerometers at (T1 and T4). Mediation models with individual and dyadic reciprocal effects were tested with path analyses. Results: Only one indirect effect was found: A higher level of partners' SB reduction‐specific self‐efficacy at T2 was related to the focus person's more frequent planning to reduce SB at T3, which, in turn, predicted lower SB time among partners at T4. Conclusions: The findings provide partial support for the cultivation model (self‐efficacy prompting planning) and for dyadic reciprocal associations in the context of SB time reduction among adult dyads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of parent–child dyad interventions on behavior remain unclear. This randomized controlled trial investigated if, compared with a control condition, three types of physical activity (PA) planning interventions (individual “I‐for‐me,” dyadic “we‐for‐me,” and collaborative “we‐for‐us”) would reduce sedentary behavior (SB) time in parents and their children. The study involved 247 dyads comprising parents (aged 29–66) and their children (aged 9–15), randomized into one of the three types of PA planning‐intervention arms or the control condition. Mixed models were applied to analyze data from a preregistered trial (NCT02713438) with the outcome of accelerometer‐measured SB time, assessed at 1‐week and 36‐week follow‐ups. Although children's SB remained unaffected by the planning interventions, a small reduction of SB time was found among parents in the collaborative (p = .048) and individual (p = .042) planning conditions. The effects were observed at the 1‐week follow‐up only. While short‐term reductions in parents' SB were achieved, these were not sustained long‐term. PA planning interventions delivered to parent–child dyads did not substantially reduce children's SB, which may be due to young people's needs of increased independence from their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives Method Results Conclusions It is unclear if planning to change one behavior may prompt changes in other health behaviors or health outcomes. This study tested if physical activity (PA) planning interventions may result in (i) a body fat reduction in target persons and their dyadic partners (a ripple effect), (ii) a decrease in energy-dense food intake (a spillover effect), or an increase in energy-dense food intake (a compensatory effect). N = 320 adult-adult dyads were assigned to an individual (‘I-for-me’), dyadic (‘we-for-me’), or collaborative (‘we-for-us’) PA planning intervention or a control condition. Body fat and energy-dense food intake were measured at baseline and at the 36-week follow-up.No Time x Condition effects were found for target persons’ body fat. There was a reduction in body fat among partners participating in any PA planning intervention, compared to the control condition. Across conditions, target persons and partners reduced energy-dense food intake over time. The reduction was smaller among target persons assigned to the individual PA planning condition compared to the control condition.PA planning interventions delivered to dyads may result in a ripple effect involving body fat reduction among partners. Among target persons, the individual PA planning may activate compensatory changes in energy-dense food intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effects of individual, dyadic, and collaborative planning on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; primary outcome) and energy-dense food intake (secondary outcome) in dyads of parents and their 9-15-year-old children. Individual planning reflects an "I-for-me" planning of one person's behavior. Collaborative ("we-for-us") planning refers to joint planning of both dyad members' behavior, whereas dyadic ("we-for-me") planning involves joint planning of only the target person's behavior., Method: N = 247 dyads participated in a randomized controlled trial with individual, dyadic, or collaborative physical activity (PA) planning and control conditions (education about PA, sedentary behavior, nutrition, energy intake-expenditure balance). MVPA was measured with ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers at baseline, 1-week, and 36-week follow-ups. Energy-dense food intake was self-reported at baseline, 9-week, and 36-week follow-ups. Linear mixed models were fit for parents and children separately., Results: At the 36-week follow-up, children in the dyadic "we-for-me" planning condition decreased their MVPA compared to the control condition. At the same time, children in the dyadic planning condition also decreased energy-dense food intake at the 36-week follow-up. No effects were found among children in individual and collaborative PA planning conditions. Parents in any experimental conditions decreased energy-dense food intake., Conclusions: Children's decrease in MVPA in dyadic PA planning condition was offset by a reduction of energy intake, which may represent a compensatory mechanism. The limited effectiveness of the dyadic "we-for-me" interventions in parent-child dyads may result from young people's needs for individuation and their reactance to parental support. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).