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The aim of this work was to develop and validate of method for the determination of topiramate (TPM) by a high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled to triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in MRM mode in the human plasma, saliva, and hair, and implementation of this method for the determination of TPM in patients with epilepsy. Saliva may as an alternative matrix for monitoring drug level, and hair drug content may be a reliable biomarker of the history of drug exposure, allowing to assess patient long-term compliance. Chromatographic separation was achieved in 3 min on a Kinetex analytical column (5 μm C18 100 Å, 100×2.1 mm) using an isocratic elution of acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium acetate at a ratio of 80:20 (v/v) and a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Detection of TPM and internal standard (IS) (TPM-d12) was performed in negative ion mode (ESI−). The following transitions were used m/z 338 → 77.90; 338 → 95.90 for TPM and 350.3 → 78.20 for IS. The method showed to be selective, accurate, precise, and linear for TPM over the concentration ranges of 0.20-30 μg/mL (plasma, saliva), and 5.0-500.0 ng/mL (hair). The simple and robust LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied for the determination of TPM in patients with epilepsy.

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that significantly affects the social and professional life of patients, causing distortion of reality and loss of identity and cognitive abilities. Psychopharmacological treatment is an integral part of modern psychiatry, and the introduction of new “atypical” antipsychotic drugs has brought significant progress in the treatment of this disorder. One of these drugs is olanzapine, which has an effective effect on the productive symptoms of schizophrenia while having an almost minimal potential to cause extrapyramidal syndrome. However, its effectiveness is confronted with frequent side effects, referred to as “metabolic disorders”. Therefore, to ensure the effectiveness of treatment and to minimize the side effects caused by olanzapine, it is recommended to monitor the drug level during therapy. This article reviews the bioanalytical methodologies that enable efficient extraction and sensitive analysis of olanzapine. We considered the advantages and disadvantages of different sample pretreatment methods, including traditional and novel strategies. The analytical conditions required for the separation and detection of olanzapine and its metabolites were analyzed using chromatographic methods combined with various detectors.

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that significantly affects the social and professional life of patients, causing distortion of reality and loss of identity and cognitive abilities. Psychopharmacological treatment is an integral part of modern psychiatry, and the introduction of new "atypical" antipsychotic drugs has brought significant progress in the treatment of this disorder. One of these drugs is olanzapine, which has an effective effect on the productive symptoms of schizophrenia while having an almost minimal potential to cause extrapyramidal syndrome. However, its effectiveness is confronted with frequent side effects, referred to as "metabolic disorders". Therefore, to ensure the effectiveness of treatment and to minimize the side effects caused by olanzapine, it is recommended to monitor the drug level during therapy. This article reviews the bioanalytical methodologies that enable efficient extraction and sensitive analysis of olanzapine. We considered the advantages and disadvantages of different sample pretreatment methods, including traditional and novel strategies. The analytical conditions required for the separation and detection of olanzapine and its metabolites were analyzed using chromatographic methods combined with various detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental disorder that affects approximately 2-3% of the population. The mainstay of treatment in bipolar disorder is lithium, which has also found an important application in the potentiation of antidepressants in drug-resistant depression, in the course of both bipolar disorder and recurrent depressive disorders., Views: The narrow therapeutic range of lithium and the frequent side effects it causes necessitates the monitoring of its concentration in the blood, which requires the periodic presence of the patient in a clinical laboratory. This is costly and inconvenient for patients, and is a common obstacle for psychiatrists who are reluctant to prescribe this effective drug precisely because of the inconvenience of having to monitor blood levels. If regular monitoring of lithium levels could be carried out without the need to puncture the vein and visit a clinic it would save time for both patients and healthcare professionals, avoid discomfort, and make difficult-to-reach patients easier to manage., Conclusions: Saliva in the monitoring of the lithium level is a promising biological material and offers the possibility to quickly estimate the individual lithium dosage for a specific patient which will provide the required therapeutic level. Saliva can be collected at home without the involvement of qualified personnel. Providing a more convenient and effective means of monitoring lithium therapy (e.g. the proposed non-invasive saliva level test) would enable safer, more effective therapy (more likely to maintain therapeutic blood levels) and an individualized therapeutic approach to a patient., Competing Interests: Absent./Nie występuje., (Copyright © 2021 Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology.)

Purpose: Along with the aging process, we can observe a deterioration of cognitive functions with the simultaneous occurrence of behavioural and psychological symptoms in the elderly population. Dementia with accompanying psychosis is becoming a growing problem, not only in medical but also in social terms. This article focuses on the issues related to the occurrence of psychosis in dementia, and the need to develop new treatment., Views: Psychosis in the elderly is different from that occurring with schizophrenia, as it is characterized by a different course and frequent resistance to treatment. In case of elderly patients, psychosis is probably associated with dysregulation of the serotonergic system. Due to the difficulties in using pharmacology in this age group, it is very important to individualize treatment. Antipsychotics are the main treatment used but they have many side effects, so in fact there is a lack of effective and safe solutions. Although pimavanserin is considered to be an effective alternative in the treatment of psychosis, it also carries a higher risk of mortality in this age group., Conclusions: The search for new, effective and safer drugs in the treatment of dementia-related psychosis works in many directions. New animal models are emerging that allow the screening of various drug "candidates". The available research suggests that the serotoninergic system is a good direction for the search for new therapeutic solutions. As the number of elderly people with dementia increases, there is a great medical need to make it easier for them and their caregivers to function., Competing Interests: Absent./Nie występuje., (Copyright © 2021 Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology.)