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V magistrskem diplomskem delu z naslovom Uresničevanje pravil o mednarodni zaščiti v Republiki Sloveniji so celostno prikazane značilnosti instituta mednarodne zaščite v RS ter njihovo uresničevanje v praksi. Krovni zakon, ki ureja to področje, je bil večkrat spremenjen. T. i. migracijska kriza (2015-16) je vplivala tudi na razvoj politik, kar je rezultiralo v pripravi programov in strategij ter v konkretnih ukrepih za obvladovanje situacije. Pri vključevanju migrantov v družbo je ključnega pomena njihova integracija, ki je sestavni del migracijske politike. Na področju migrantske problematike igrajo pomembno vlogo tudi nevladne organizacije ter Varuh človekovih pravic, in sicer v vlogi korekcijskega, nadzornega in evalvacijskega mehanizma. Tudi sodna praksa sodišč na nacionalni in evropski ravni korigira odločitve izvršne oblasti v konkretnih primerih prosilcev za mednarodno zaščito. Naraščajoč trend migracij iz tretjega sveta v EU bo nedvomno narekoval nadaljnje spremembe na področju zakonodaje in politik. The master's thesis titled Implementation of the regulations on International Protection in the Republic of Slovenia comprehensively presents the characteristics of the institute of International Protection in the Republic of Slovenia and their implementation in practice. The umbrella law governing the scope has been amended several times. The so-called migration crisis (2015-16) also effected the development of policies, which resulted in the preparation of programs and strategies as well as in concrete actions for managing the situation. The integration, which is an integral part of migrant policy, is crucial for effective social inclusion of migrants. In the field of migrant issues, the non-governmental organizations and The Human Rights Ombudsman also play an important role as a correctional, monitoring and evaluation mechanism. The case law of the courts at the national and EU level also corrects the decisions of the executive authorities in concrete cases of applicants for international protection. Growing migration trend from the Third World to the EU will undoubtedly dictate further changes in migration legislation and policy.

Število razseljenih oseb, ki so po pomorskih poteh ali po zahodnobalkanski poti vstopile v Evropo, je leta 2015 preseglo milijon. Migracijski val je zaradi geografskega položaja dosegel tudi Slovenijo, kar je sprva pomenilo logistični, namestitveni in humanitarni izziv. Po umiritvi razmer pa so se v strahu pred tem, da bi država postala migrantski žep in s sklicevanjem na nacionalno varnost, ohranitev temeljnih funkcij države ter zaščito državljanov, začele odvijati zakonodajne spremembe. Dva dodatna člena Zakona o tujcih uvajata novo kategorijo – spremenjene razmere. V kolkor so aktivirane skladno s predpisanim postopkom, dajejo policiji široka pooblastila odločanja na mejnih prehodih. Vstop v državo bo tekom spremenjenih razmer omogočen le osebam, ki bodo vstopile zakonito, nekaterim ranljivim kategorijam in tistim, ki bodo v Sloveniji zaprosili za azil in so vstopili iz države, v kateri obstajajo sistemske pomankljivosti azilnega postopka oziroma obstoji tveganje, da bodo podvrženi mučenju. Taka ureditev pomeni de facto suspenz Ženevske konvencije o statusu beguncev, kršitev načela nevračanja in prepovedi kolektivnega izgona, nespoštovanje Dublinskega postopka in Schengenskega zakonika, hude kršitve Evropske konvencije za človekove pravice ter neskladje z ustavnimi določbami. Tematiko problematike množičnih migracij sta že obravnavali tudi obe evropski sodišči. Najpomembnejši sodbi vsebujeta obsodbo kršitve načela nevračanja v primeru Hirsi Jamaa in interpretacijo postopka po Dublinski uredbi. The number of displaced persons who entered Europe in 2015 through maritime routes or the Western Balkan route exceeded 1 million. Due to the geographical position, the migration wave reached Slovenia, which initially consequent to logistical, accommodation and humanitarian challenges. After the situation calmed, legislative changes took place, considering fear that the country would become a migrant pocket and with reference to national security, preservation of the basic state functions and citizens protection. Two additional articles of the Aliens Act introduced a new category of so-called changed conditions, which, if activated in accordance with prescribed procedure, gives wide decision-making powers to the police at the ports of entry. Entrance will be allowed only for persons who possess identification papers, some vulnerable categories and those who will apply for asylum in Slovenia, regarding they came from the country with systemic deficiencies in the asylum procedure or if there is a serious risk of torture. Such an arrangement constitutes a suspension of the Refugee Convention, breach of the non-refoulement principle and the collective expulsion prohibition. It also failures to comply with the Dublin Regulation and Schengen Code, European Convention on Human Rights and several constitutional provisions. The issue of migration has already been addressed by both European courts. The most important judgments include strict conviction of non-refoulement violation (Case of Hirsi Jamaa and others) and the interpretation of the Dublin procedure.

Magistrsko diplomsko delo obravnava problematiko postopka združitve družine, s katerim se srečajo begunci, če želijo s svojo družino ponovno zaživeti v novi državi. Ponovno najti svojo družino in se združiti je ena najbolj perečih tem v zvezi z begunci zlasti zato, ker se je v zadnjih letih močno povečalo število beguncev in posledično število prošenj za združitev družin. Z združitvijo se beguncu omogoča uresničitev temeljnih človekovih pravic, med katere spada pravica do družinskega življenja. Spodbujanje združitve z družino podpirajo številni mednarodni, regionalni in nacionalni viri, pomembno vlogo pa ima tudi UNHCR. Ta se zavzema za mehanizme za združitev družine, ki so hitri in učinkoviti ter opozarja na problematiko, ki se pojavlja tako v zakonodaji kot v praksi držav članic. Zaradi tako imenovane begunske krize je čedalje bolj v ospredju nacionalni interes javne varnosti in javnega reda držav članic, ki svoje interese branijo v upravnih in sodnih postopkih ter zaostrujejo pogoje za združitev. Direktiva 2003/86/ES o pravici do združitve z družino je posebno pozornost posvetila beguncem in določila ugodnejše pogoje za uveljavljanje njihove pravice do združitve. Kljub temu so države članice obveznosti iz Direktive implementirale ozko, kar je vodilo do neusklajenih nacionalnih zakonodaj in praks sodišč. Na problematiko in kolizijo interesov je opozorilo Sodišče Evropske Unije in Evropsko Sodišče za človekove pravice, ki vedno znova poudarjata pomen človekovih pravic, ki v državi pribega pripadajo beguncu ter, kljub nacionalnim interesom držav članic, preko sodne prakse ustvarjajo ugodnejše pogoje za združitev. This master thesis deals with the issues of family reunification procedure which refugees in a new country are faced with. Finding your family again and being reunited is one of the most topical issues in relation to refugees. The number of asylum applicants strongly increased from 2015 to 2017. Consequently, there also increased the number of applications for family reunification which allows a refugee the realization of his fundamental human right as the right to family life. Promotion of activities concerning family reunification is supported by a number of international, regional and national legal sources, as well as UNHCR. The latter has an important role since it seeks to promote mechanisms for family reunification that are rapid and effective and warns about the problems, which are occurring in both, legislation and in practice of the member states. Due to the so-called refugee crisis, there is an increase of the protection of public security and public order of the member states, which are defended in administrative and judicial procedures, and are consequently tightening the conditions for the reunification. Directive 2003/86/EC on the right to family reunification devoted a special attention to refugees and set out more favourable conditions to exercise their right. Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights have pointed out the issues through a series of cases, where they over and over again stress the importance of human rights, that belong to a refugee in the country of flight and, despite the national interests of the states, through case law create more favourable conditions for family reunification.

Humanitarna kriza, ki je zaradi arabske pomladi in državljanske vojne v Siriji državljane Sirije in drugih vojnih območjih na Bližnjem vzhodu pregnala v beg, je leta 2015 z največjo intenziteto dosegla tudi meje Evrope. Prvoten odziv oblasti je temeljil na dosledni izvedbi kontingentnega načrta in distinkciji med migranti in begunci, saj so idejo o vzpostavitvi koridorja, ki bi prestop čez mejo omogočal vsem, sprva zavračale. Vlada je najprej z dejanskimi, nato pa s pravnimi ukrepi zaostrovala azilno politiko in oteževala dostop do mednarodne zaščite. V imenu preprečitve nastanka humanitarne krize na ozemlju Slovenije je vlada sprejela ukrep, ki je omogočal postavitev tehničnih ovir na meji, dopolnitev Zakona o obrambi ter spremembe azilne zakonodaje. Nevladne organizacije so ves čas opozarjale na neskladnost teh ukrepov ter vladi očitale, da so ti v navzkrižju z nacionalno in evropsko azilno zakonodajo ter pravnimi dokumenti s področja človekovih pravic. Pred vsemi vidiki je bilo v ospredju dojemanje situacije kot varnostne grožnje. Med celotnim obdobjem sodelovanja Slovenije na balkanski migracijski poti so imeli pri oblikovanju podob migrantov in migracij v slovenski javnosti ključno vlogo tudi mediji in politični diskurz. Slovenska politična strategija, ki je bila osredotočena predvsem na izvajanje uspešnih ukrepov sekuritizacije, je bila popolnoma v skladu s slovenskimi strukturami beguncev, kot so bili prikazani v medijih, in sicer kot varnostne, gospodarske in kulturne grožnje, ki jo je treba nadzorovati. The humanitarian crisis, which, due to the Arab Spring and Civil War in Syria, forced the citizens of Syria and other war zones in the Middle East to flee, reached the borders of Europe with the greatest intensity in 2015. The initial response of the authorities was based on a consistent implementation of the contingency plan and the distinction between migrants and refugees, while the idea of establishing a corridor that would allow crossing the border for all refugees, was at first rejected. Initially, with actual then the legal measures, the government tightened its asylum policy and made it difficult to gain access to international protection. In the name of preventing the emergence of a humanitarian crisis on the territory of Slovenia, the government adopted a measure to set up technical barriers at the border, supplement the Defense Act and made changes to asylum legislation. Non-governmental organizations have always warned against the inconsistency of these measures, and the conflicts with national and European asylum legislation, as well as legal documents in the field of human rights. The situation was overall perceived as a security threat. During the entire period of Slovenia's participation in the Balkan migration route, the media and political discourse also played a key role in the creation of images of migrants and migrations in the Slovene public. The Slovenian political strategy, which focused primarily on the implementation of successful securitization measures, was fully in line with the Slovenian structures of refugees, as shown in the media, as a security, economic and cultural threat that needs to be controlled.

Kolektivni izgoni so v času povečanim migracij v Evropi znova aktualna problematika. Predstavljajo izgon skupine ljudi, pri katerem posamezna oseba ni deležna individualne obravnave. Številne mednarodne pogodbe vsebujejo postopkovna pravila, ki varujejo tujce pred takšnim izgonom. Protokol številka 4 k Evropski konvenciji o človekovih pravicah je bil prvi mednarodni pravni akt, ki je eksplicitno določil prepoved kolektivnih izgonov tujcev. Evropsko sodišče za človekove pravice je to prepoved opredelilo in ugotovilo, da so bili do sedaj tujci podvrženi kolektivnemu izgonu v 6 primerih. Varstvo zoper kolektivnih izgon tujcev vsebuje tudi pravo Evropske Unije. V zadnjih letih je zaradi prihoda večjega števila migrantov veliko držav v Evropi zaostrilo svojo zakonodajo in izvajalo ukrepe, ki niso bili v skladu s prevzetimi mednarodnimi obveznostmi. Politike nadzora nad migracijami gredo v smeri preprečevanja dostopa do mednarodne zaščite. Države članice sprejemajo ukrepe, s katerimi pribežnikom odrekajo zaščito in poskušajo preusmeriti tok tujcev in prosilcev za mednarodno zaščito v druge države. Tudi Republika Slovenija je v letu 2017 sprejela spremembe zakonodaje, ki sledijo temu trendu. Sprejeta novela v primeru povečanih migracij namreč predvideva ukrepe, ki kršijo pravice tujcev in prosilcev za mednarodno zaščito, niso skladni z mednarodnim pravom, Evropsko konvencijo o človekovih pravicah, pravom Evropske Unije in Ustavo Republike Slovenije. Collective expulsions in time of increased migration into Europe are again topical issue. They represent the expulsion of a group of people in which a person does not receive individual examination. Several international treaties contain procedural rules that protect aliens against such expulsion. Protocol No. 4 to the European Convention on Human Rights was the first international legal instrument to explicitly set the prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens. European Court of Human Rights has defined this prohibition and found that aliens have been subjected to collective expulsion in 6 cases. Protection against such expulsion is also contained in the legal system of the European Union. In recent years, due to arrival of a large number of migrants, many countries in Europe have restricted their legislation and implemented measures that were not in accordance with their international commitments. Migration control policies in Europe are going in the direction of the denial of access to international protection. Member states are taking measures to exclude those fleeing international protection and trying to shift the flow of aliens and asylum seekers to other countries. Following this trend, Republic of Slovenia adopted amendments to the laws regulating aliens in 2017. Adoption of an amendment in the event of increased migration envisages measures that violate the rights of aliens and asylum seekers and are not consistent with international law, European Convention on Human Rights, European Union law and the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia.

V diplomski nalogi avtor proučuje problematiko izbrisa, razpada Jugoslavije in posledično nastanek Republike Slovenije. Slovenske oblasti so le nekaj mesecev po osamosvojitvi iz registra stalnih prebivalcev Republike Slovenije samovoljno, brez pravne podlage izbrisale 25.671 oseb. Žrtve izbrisa so bili državljani bivših republik SFRJ, ki niso zaprosili za državljanstvo Republike Slovenije po 40. členu Zakona o državljanstvu Republike Slovenije ali jim je bila izdana negativna odločba. Za te osebe so tako začele veljati določbe Zakona o tujcih. Praktično čez noč so ti ljudje postali tujci na ozemlju države, v kateri so živeli in delali velik del svojega življenja. Nekateri so bili v Sloveniji celo rojeni. Izbrisani so kaj kmalu postali predmet politične manipulacije. Vladajoče elite so problem izbrisanih s skrajno primitivno metodo komuniciranja izkoriščale za doseganje lastnih političnih ciljev. Sistematično kršenje človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin jih niti malo ni zanimalo. Prvo resno opozorilo sta zakonodajna in izvršilna veja oblasti prejeli leta 1999, ko je Ustavno sodišče odločilo, da je Zakon o tujcih v neskladju z Ustavo Republike Slovenije. Ugotovilo je, da je bil izbris nezakonito dejanje državnih oblasti. Ustavno sodišče je v tej odločbi zakonodajalcu naložilo obveznost, da popravi nastale krivice. To je vsaj navidezno skušalo storiti, a ukrep ni šel v pričakovano smer. Zato je Ustavno sodišče leta 2003 sprejelo v odločanje Zakon o urejanju statusa državljanov drugih držav naslednic nekdanje SFRJ v Republiki Sloveniji, ki ga je razglasilo za protiustavnega, saj državljanom drugih republik nekdanje SFRJ, ki so bili 26. februarja 1992 izbrisani iz registra stalnega prebivalstva, od navedenega dne ni priznala stalnega prebivanja. Od takrat naprej smo bili priča še intenzivnejšim diskreditacijam izbrisanih, politična elita pa je postala za reševanje njihovega problema praktično nema. Vse do leta 2010, ko je Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve pod vodstvom takratne ministrice začelo s postopki za implementacijo odločbe Ustavnega sodišča iz leta 2003. Sistematsko kršenje človekovih pravic ni moglo dolgo ostati skrito pred očmi mednarodne javnosti. Opozorila o kršenju pravic izbrisanim so prihajala praktično iz vseh uglednih mednarodnih institucij, ki se ukvarjajo z zaščito človekovih pravic. Čedalje bolj so bili glasni očitki, da je Republika Slovenija izbrisanim kršila mnoge človekove pravice, ki so priznane tudi s pravnimi akti mednarodnega prava. V ta namen tudi avtor daje velik poudarek mednarodnopravnemu varstvu človekovih pravic. Največji preboj, ki je tlakoval pot sistemski ureditvi problematike izbrisanih, zagotovo predstavlja sodba Velikega senata Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice v zadevi Kurić in drugi proti Sloveniji. Pritožnikom je s to sodbo bila priznana pravica do odškodnine zaradi izbrisa, ki je pred domačimi sodišči izbrisani verjetno ne bi nikoli dočakali. Poleg odškodnin je Evropsko sodišče za človekove pravice v sodbi od Republike Slovenije zahtevalo vzpostavitev sistemske rešitve problema izbrisanih z vzpostavitvijo odškodninske sheme. Problem izbrisanih še vse do današnjih dni ni v celoti rešen. Mnogo izbrisanih še danes čaka na pravično odpravo krivic. Odgovornost Vlade Republike Slovenije, da izpere trdovraten madež naše osamosvojitve in državnosti, je ogromna. Treba bo storiti vse, da si Republika Slovenija s pravično rešitvijo vsaj malo povrne izgubljen ugled in kredibilnost v mednarodni skupnosti. In this thesis, the author studies the problem of the "erasure", the dissolution of Yugoslavia and, as a consequence, the formation of the Republic of Slovenia. Only a few months after Slovenia gained independence, the Slovenian authorities had arbitrarily and without legal ground erased 25,671 persons from the Permanent Population Register of Republic of Slovenia. The victims of the "erasure" were citizens of former Republics of SFRY who did not apply for citizenship of the Republic of Slovenia under the Article 40 of the Citizenship of the Republic of Slovenia Act or whose application for citizenship was refused. The provisions of the Aliens Act became applicable for these people. Practically over night, these people became aliens within the territory of a country in which they had lived and worked for a great part of their lives. Some of them were even born in Slovenia. The "erased" soon became subject to political manipulation. For their own political goals, the ruling elites took advantage of the problem of the "erased" with an extremely primitive method of communication. The systematic violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms was the least of their concerns. The legislative and executive branches received the first serious warning in 1999 when the Constitutional Court decided that the Aliens Act was inconsistent with the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia. The court established that the "erasure" was a wrongful act of state authority. In this Decision, the Constitutional Court obliged the legislature to correct this injustice. It appeared that they had tried to correct it however, this measure did not work as well as expected. Therefore, in 2003, the Constitutional Court decided on the Act Regulating the Legal Status of Citizens of Former Yugoslavia Living in the Republic of Slovenia, and declared this Act as unconstitutional, as it did not recognize the citizens of other Republics of the former SFRY who were removed from the register of permanent residents on 26 February 1992, permanent residence from the mentioned date. Since then, we had witnessed even more intensive discrediting of the "erased", and the political elite had become practically numb in finding a solution for this problem. Up until 2010, when the Ministry of Interior, under the authority of the then minister, began the processes of implementation of the Decision of the Constitutional Court from 2003. The systematic violation of human rights could not stay hidden from the eyes of international public for too long. Warnings about violation of the rights of the "erased" had started coming from practically all the respected international institutions dealing with defending human rights. The accusations that the Republic of Slovenia violated many human rights of the "erased", the rights which are recognized by the legal acts of the international law, became increasingly loud. To this end, the author of this thesis places heavy emphasis on the meaning of the international legal protection of human rights. The greatest breakthrough, which paved the way for regulatory framework of problems of the "erased", was definitely the ruling of the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights on the Kurić and Others v. Slovenia case. The complainants were given the right to compensation due to the "erasure" the "erased" would have probably never gotten this right before national courts. Beside these compensations, the European Court of Human Rights also demanded that the Republic of Slovenia creates a systematic solution of the problem of the "erased" by establishing a compensation scheme. To this day, the problem of the "erased" has not been fully resolved. A great number of the "erased" is still waiting for a rightful abolition of this injustice. The Government of the Republic of Slovenia has an immense responsibility to remove this stubborn stain on our independence and statehood. It will take every effort for the Republic of Slovenia to restore the lost reputation and credibility in the international community.

Razpad Jugoslavije in nastanek samostojne Republike Slovenije je potekal v zelo burnih okoliščinah. Bil je to čas propada socializma v vzhodnoevropskih državah in tako tudi v samoupravni Jugoslaviji ter v Sovjetski zvezi, ki je bila pravzaprav jamstvo za obstoj jugoslovanske države. Pri razpadanju jugoslovanske federacije je Slovenija imela pomembno vlogo, ne pa najodločilnejše. Odločitev Slovenije, da zapusti Jugoslavijo, ni bila enostavna, saj je vanjo v povojnih desetletjih vložila veliko energije in sredstev. Veliko Slovencev je verjelo v reformiranje Jugoslavije v federalizirano in demokratično državo, ki bi zagotovila nacionalne pravice tam živečim narodom. Za samostojnost so se odločili šele, ko je reformiranje Jugoslavije postalo brezupen projekt. Da bi rešila politične težave je Jugoslavije že leta 1974 sprejela novo ustavo. Ta je vzpostavila model za večnacionalne federacije. Odnose med federacijo in federalnimi državami je postavila na načelo izvirne suverenosti federalnih držav in izvedene suverenosti federacije. Ustava je omogočila veto s strani zveznih republik in provinc Jugoslavije na vse odločitve, ki bi negativno vplivale nanje. Rezultat ustave je bil skoraj popolna paraliza federalnega sistema v času gospodarske in politične krize leta 1980. Z rojstvom nacionalizma (predvsem srbskega) ter želje Srbije po večji centralizaciji Jugoslavije, je slednje naletelo na nestrinjanje Slovenije, ki se ji je kasneje pridružila še Hrvaška. Slovenija je skupaj s Hrvaška ponudila rešitev, to je reformiranje Jugoslavije v konfederacijo, in če bi to ne bilo uspešno, razglasitev samostojnosti obeh držav. Kriza v Jugoslaviji je vzbudila skrb mednarodne skupnosti zlasti Evropske Unije. Mednarodna skupnost je nasprotovala odcepitvi držav od Jugoslavije, saj se je zavzemala za njeno teritorialno celovitost. 16. decembra 1991 so se na pobudo nemške diplomacije sestali zunanji ministri Evropske Unije. Na tem srečanju je nastala Deklaracija o smernicah za priznanje novih držav v vzhodni Evropi in Sovjetski Zvezi, v kateri je določila več posebnih pogojev za priznanje držav. Z Deklaracijo o smernicah za priznanje novih držav je mednarodna skupnost uradno spremenila svoje stališče glede celovitosti Jugoslavije in legitimnosti nastanka novih držav. 25. junija 1991 sta Slovenija in Hrvaška s plebiscitom razglasili svojo neodvisnost, sledila je krvava državljanska vojna, sprva oborožen konflikt v Sloveniji, ki se je nato razširil še na Hrvaško, Bosno in Hercegovino ter Kosovo. Skupščina Republike Slovenije je 6. decembra 1990 sprejela Zakon o plebiscitu o samostojnosti in neodvisnosti Republike Slovenije in Razglas državljanom Republike Slovenije. Z zakonom je bilo določeno, da glasovalni upravičenci z »da« ali »ne« odgovorijo na vprašanje: »Ali naj republika Slovenija postane samostojna in neodvisna država«. Zakon je določal, da je odločitev, da Slovenija postane samostojna in neodvisna država, sprejeta, če se zanjo izreče večina vseh glasovalnih upravičencev. Pozitivna odločitev zavezuje Skupščino Republike Slovenije, da sprejme v šestih mesecih ustavne in druge akte ter ukrepe, ki so potrebni, da Republika Slovenija prevzame izvrševanje suverenih pravic, ki jih je prenesla na organe Socialistične Federativne Republike Jugoslavije. Plebiscit je bil razpisan na dan 23. decembra 1990. Da se je Slovenija lahko osamosvojila, je morala sprejeti številne zakone ter mednarodne pogodbe. Najpomembnejša zakona, poleg seveda Ustave, sta bila Zakon o državljanstvu Republike Slovenije ter Zakon o tujcih. S sprejetjem Zakona o državljanstvu Republike Slovenije je omogočila pridobitev slovenskega državljanstva vsem, ki so si to želeli, a so morali za državljanstvo zaprositi. Tisti, ki to niso želeli in zanj niso zaprosili, so po Zakonu o tujcih postali tujci. Slovenija je podpisnica številnih mednarodnih pogodb in dokumentov. Najpomembnejši mednarodni dokumenti s področja človekovih pravic so: Splošna deklaracija človekovih p The disintegration of Yugoslavia and the emergence of the independent state of Slovenia were happening in a very turbulent time. It was the time when socialism broke down in the eastern European states including self-governing Yugoslavia and especially the Soviet Union, which was in fact the guarantee for the existence of Yugoslavia. Slovenia played an important role in the downfall of Yugoslavia, but its role was not decisive. Slovenia’s decision to leave Yugoslavia was not an easy one, especially because it put a lot of energy and resources into it in the years following the war. A lot of Slovenes believed in the reformation of Yugoslavia into a federal and democratic state, which would ensure national rights to its citizens. Their decision for independence became a reality when the reformation of Yugoslavia became a hopeless project. Yugoslavia adopted a new constitution in 1974 in order to solve its political issues . The constitution established a model for a multinational federation. The relationship between the federation and federal states was found on the original principle of sovereignty of the federal states and implemented sovereignty of the federation. The constitution entitled the federal republics and provinces of Yugoslavia the right to veto on every decision, which would have a harmful effect on them. The outcome of the constitution was almost total paralysis of the federal system in the economic and political depression in 1980. The birth of nationalism (especially in Serbia) and the cravings of Serbia for a larger centralization of Yugoslavia led into a disagreement of Slovenia, which was later joined by Croatia. Slovenia together with Croatia offered a solution that was to reform Yugoslavia into a confederation and if that would not be successful, to declare their independence. The crisis in Yugoslavia aroused the concern of the international community especially the European Union. The international community opposed the separation of Yugoslavia because it strived for its territorial integrity. Initiative of the German diplomacy led to a meeting of the foreign ministers of the European Union, which happened on 16th December 1991. At the meeting the Declaration on the Guidelines on the Recognition of New States in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union arose and in it special conditions for the recognition of states were stated. With the Declaration on the Guidelines on the Recognition of New States in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union the international community officially changed its opinion about the integrity of Yugoslavia and the legitimacy of newly created states. On 25th June 1991 Slovenia and Croatia declared their independence after the plebiscite and that was followed by a bloody civil war, first an armed conflict in Slovenia which expanded to Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo. On 6th December 1990 the Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia passed the Plebiscite Law for the Independence and Sovereignty of the Republic of Slovenia and announcement to citizens of the Republic of Slovenia. The law stipulated that the voters should answer with “yes” or “no” to the question: “Should the Republic of Slovenia become a separate and independent state?” The law stated that the decision of Slovenia to become an independent state would be adopted if the majority of its voters express their approval. The passed decision obligates The Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia to pass constitutional and other acts necessary for the Republic of Slovenia to assume enforcement of its sovereign rights which were passed down to the authorities of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, in a timeline of six months. The plebiscite was held on 23rd December 1990. In order to get its independence Slovenia had to accept numerous acts and international treaties. The most important acts besides the Constitution were the Citizenship Act of the Republic of Slovenia and the Aliens act. With the passing of the Citizenship Act of the Republic of Slovenia it enabled all who wan