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Bile acid (BA) signaling dysregulation is an important etiology for the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). As diverse signaling molecules synthesized in the liver by pathways initiated with CYP7A1 and CYP27A1, BAs are endogenous modulators of farnesoid x receptor (FXR). FXR activation is crucial in maintaining BA homeostasis, regulating lipid metabolism, and suppressing inflammation. Additionally, BAs interact with membrane receptors and gut microbiota to regulate energy expenditure and intestinal health. Complex modulation of BAs in vivo and the lack of suitable animal models impede our understanding of the functions of individual BAs, especially during MASLD development. Previously, we determined that acute feeding of individual BAs differentially affects lipid, inflammation, and oxidative stress pathways in a low-BA mouse model, Cyp7a1/Cyp27a1 double knockout (DKO) mice. Currently, we investigated to what degree cholic acid (CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) at physiological concentrations impact MASLD development in DKO mice. The results showed that these 3 BAs varied in the ability to activate hepatic and intestinal FXR, disrupt lipid homeostasis, and modulate inflammation and fibrosis. Additionally, UDCA activated intestinal FXR in these low-BA mice. Significant alterations in lipid uptake and metabolism in DKO mice following CA and DCA feeding indicate differences in cholesterol and lipid handling across genotypes. Overall, the DKO were less susceptible to weight gain, but more susceptible to MASH diet induced inflammation and fibrosis on CA and DCA supplements, whereas WT mice were more vulnerable to CA-induced fibrosis on the control diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades are essential signal transduction components that control a variety of cellular responses in all eukaryotes. MPKs convert extracellular stimuli into cellular responses by the phosphorylation of downstream substrates. Although MPK cascades are predicted to be very complex, only limited numbers of MPK substrates have been identified in plants. Here, we used the kinase client (KiC) assay to identify novel substrates of MPK3 and MPK6. Recombinant MPK3 or MPK6 were tested against a large synthetic peptide library representing in vivo phosphorylation sites, and phosphorylated peptides were identified by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. From this screen, we identified 23 and 21 putative client peptides of MPK3 and MPK6, respectively. To verify the phosphorylation of putative client peptides, we performed in vitro kinase assay with recombinant fusion proteins of isolated client peptides. We found that 13 and 9 recombinant proteins were phosphorylated by MPK3 and MPK6. Among them, 11 proteins were proven to be the novel substrates of two MPKs. This study suggests that the KiC assay is a useful method to identify new substrates of MPKs.

Painting is an art form of beauty has become increasingly crucial to convey Islamic messages and values in the new digital, da’wah media in the digital era, indicating in broadcasting Islam with various forms of methods, one of which is through painting (sign). This digital da’wah is a trend in society, especially the younger generation, the tendency to learn religion through social media. This research investigates the role of paintings in Islamic preaching. taking a case study of paintings on artists on the Instagram account "@_Zukkk". This research aims to analyze how the art by Zukkk plays an important role to starting da'wah in a unique way to convey Islamic values and its impact on viewers' understanding and interaction on the Instagram. This research used by Roland Barthes' semiotic study, which is a continuation of Saussure's thought in introducing the concept of connotation and denotation is the key to analysis. The results show that Zukkk's paintings have a very crucial role in da’wah Islam using a unique way. Through the expression of painting, Zukkk succeeds in providing Islamic messages, such as kindness, justice, patience, to inspiring his followers. Positive responses and powerful interactions, the many people who use the Instagram platform indicate the effectiveness of painting as a medium for delivering da’wah. The paintings are able to motivate the audience. Keywords: Dakwah, Painting, Instagram, Semiotics

ABSTRACT This article discusses da'wah through print media (Bi Al-Kitabah). This paper aims to determine the effectiveness of spreading da'wah through print media, namely newspapers. In Islamic boarding schools, newspapers become an alternative medium for students to channel their thoughts and share knowledge. Being in the Pesantren environment does not close the boundaries for students in developing their insights. The development of technology today requires the younger generation to become an innovative and highly intellectual generation. Print media must now follow the flow of the times to maintain the existence of the media, one of which is by maintaining the actuality of writing. In the Nurul Jadid Paiton Islamic boarding school in Probolinggo – especially in the Qur'an Education Center of Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School, print media is the main media that is efficient and effective in disseminating information and knowledge for readers. In this descriptive qualitative research, researchers use data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation from both offline and online sources. Based on the analysis of the collected data, it can be concluded that the use of print media in the form of newspapers in Islamic boarding schools can have a good impact on the development of knowledge, productivity of written works, and the effectiveness of spreading da'wah. Keywords: Effectiveness, Da'wah Bi al-Kitabah, Print Media ABSTRAK Artikel ini membahas dakwah melalui media cetak (Bi Al-Kitabah). Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penyebaran dakwah melalui media cetak, yaitu surat kabar. Di pesantren, koran menjadi media alternatif bagi santri untuk menyalurkan pikiran dan berbagi ilmu. Berada di lingkungan Pesantren tidak menutup batasan bagi mahasiswa dalam mengembangkan wawasannya. Perkembangan teknologi saat ini menuntut generasi muda untuk menjadi generasi yang inovatif dan intelektual tinggi. Media cetak kini harus mengikuti arus zaman untuk mempertahankan eksistensi media tersebut, salah satunya dengan menjaga aktualitas tulisan. Di pondok pesantren Nurul Jadid Paiton Probolinggo – khususnya di Pusat Pendidikan Al-Qur'an Pondok Pesantren Nurul Jadid, media cetak merupakan media utama yang efisien dan efektif dalam menyebarluaskan informasi dan pengetahuan bagi pembaca. Dalam penelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini, peneliti menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi baik dari sumber offline maupun online. Berdasarkan analisis data yang terkumpul, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media cetak berupa surat kabar di pondok pesantren dapat berdampak baik bagi pengembangan pengetahuan, produktivitas karya tulis, dan efektivitas penyebaran dakwah. Kata kunci: Efektivitas, Dakwah Bi al-Kitabah, Media Cetak

Quercetin is a flavonol belonging to the flavonoid group of polyphenols. Quercetin is reported to have a variety of biological functions, including antioxidant, pigment, auxin transport inhibitor and root nodulation factor. Additionally, quercetin is known to be involved in bacterial pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis through the transcriptional increase of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying how quercetin promotes pathogen resistance remain elusive. In this study, we showed that the transcriptional increases of PR genes were achieved by the monomerization and nuclear translocation of nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related proteins 1 (NPR1). Interestingly, salicylic acid (SA) was approximately 2-fold accumulated by the treatment with quercetin. Furthermore, we showed that the increase of SA biosynthesis by quercetin was induced by the transcriptional increases of typical SA biosynthesis-related genes. In conclusion, this study strongly suggests that quercetin induces bacterial pathogen resistance through the increase of SA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.

Fisheries activity in Lampung Bay which has been very active in recent years is the cultivation of green mussels (P. viridis) for consumption. Located in Teluk Betung Timur sub-district, this is considered appropriate because of the environmental parameters that support the life of P. viridis. The location of P. viridis cultivation is not far from coastal settlements (±500-600 m from settlements). Anthropogenic activities of coastal residents as well as the use of plastic materials in the cultivation are concerned to be the source of microplastic contamination that found in P. viridis. This study aims to determine the presence and characteristics of microplastics in P. viridis as well as to compare the abundance of microplastics in the gills and digestive organs. Taking 30 P. viridis by purposive sampling with homogeneous size. The samples were analyzed by microplastics in chemical oceanography and biology micro Laboratory, FPIK, IPB University. P. viridis tissue was destructed by using 10% KOH solution at a ratio of 1:3 (m/v) at 60 °C for 24 hours and then filtered using a 1.6 µm Whatman GF/A filter paper. Abundance of microplastics in whole soft tissue were 0.53±0.7 mgl/g. The gill organs were found to be more microplastic than the digestive organs (p

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common conditions for neonate inpatients. Indonesia faces a major challenge in which different guidelines regarding the management of this condition were present. This study aimed to compare the existing guidelines regarding prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring in order to create the best recommendation for a new hyperbilirubinemia guideline in Indonesia., Methods: Through an earlier survey regarding adherence to the neonatal hyperbilirubinemia guideline, we identified that three main guidelines are being used in Indonesia. These were developed by the Indonesian Pediatric Society (IPS), the Ministry of Health (MoH), and World Health Organization (WHO). In this study, we compared factors such as prevention, monitoring, methods for identifying, risk factors in the development of neonatal jaundice, risk factors that increase brain damage, and intervention treatment threshold in the existing guidelines to determine the best recommendations for a new guideline., Results: The MoH and WHO guidelines allow screening and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia based on visual examination (VE) only. Compared with the MoH and WHO guidelines, risk assessment is comprehensively discussed in the IPS guideline. The MoH guideline recommends further examination of an icteric baby to ensure that the mother has enough milk without measuring the bilirubin level. The MoH guideline recommends referring the baby when it looks yellow on the soles and palms. The WHO and IPS guidelines recommend combining VE with an objective measurement of transcutaneous or serum bilirubin. The threshold to begin phototherapy in the WHO guideline is lower than the IPS guideline while the exchange transfusion threshold in both guidelines are comparably equal., Conclusions: The MoH guideline is outdated. MoH and IPS guidelines are causing differences in approaches to the management hyperbilirubinemia. A new, uniform guideline is required., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2023 Sampurna MTA et al.)

Purpose: To report on the frequency of observed refractive and accommodative errors among junior high school teachers in Jakarta, Indonesia, who participated in a Helen Keller International screening, refraction and spectacle distribution program., Methods: A total of 965 teachers from 19 schools were eligible for screening; those with uncorrected distance visual acuity (VA) ≤ 6/12-3 and teachers ≥ 35 years old with uncorrected end-point print size >Jaeger (J) 6 were referred. Autorefraction and subjective refraction were performed for teachers with confirmed decreased VA. Refractive error was considered present if sphere ≤-0.75 diopters (D), sphere ≥+0.25D or cylinder ≤-0.50 D resulted in ≥ 2 lines of improvement in VA. Presbyopia was considered present if an end-point print size >J6 improved by ≥ 1 optotype with the use of a lens ≥+1.00 D., Results: Overall, 866 teachers were screened (89.7% of those eligible) with complete screening data available for 858 (99.0%), among whom 762 failed screening. Distance refraction data were available for 666 of 762 (87.4%) and near refraction data for 520 of 686 (75.8%) teachers who failed screening. Of those screened, 76.2 ± 9.0% of teachers had refractive and/or accommodative error and 57.1 ± 7.6% had uncorrected refractive and/or accommodative error. Overall and uncorrected distance refractive error affected 44.2 ± 3.7% and 36.0 ± 3.6%, respectively; overall and uncorrected presbyopia affected 66.4 ± 8.1% and 41.0 ± 6.6%, respectively., Conclusion: As defined in this program, refractive and accommodative errors were common among teachers in Jakarta.