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1. Pre-exposure to gamma rays alleviates the harmful effect of salinity on cowpea plants

Author: Mohammed A. H. M. A., Mohamed H. I., Zaki L. M., and Mogazy A. M.
Subjects: lipid peroxidation, non enzymatic antioxidants, nucleic acids, protein electrophoresis, yield, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract: Soil salinity is one of the most severe factors limiting growth and physiological response in cowpea plants. In this study, the low concentrations of NaCl (25mM) increased plant growth, photosynthetic pigments content, total soluble protein content, nucleic acids contents (DNA and RNA), lipid peroxidation, non enzymatic antioxidants (anthocyanin, ascorbic acids and α-tocopherol), number of legumes per plant, number of seeds per legume, number of seeds per plants, legume length, fresh and dry weight of legumes and weight of 1000 seeds and total soluble proteins and carbohydrate contents in harvested seeds as compared to control. On the other hand, the high concentrations of NaCl (50, 100 and 200 mM) caused reduction in plant growth, photosynthetic pigments content, total soluble protein content, nucleic acids contents (DNA and RNA), all yield attributes and harvested seeds components but increased lipid peroxidation and non enzymatic antioxidants (anthocyanin, ascorbic acids and α-tocopherol). Electrophoretic studies of proteins showed three types of modifications are observed in the protein patterns of cowpea seeds, some protein bands were disappeared, other proteins were selectively increased and synthesis of new set of protein was induced. Some of these responses were observed under gamma rays and salinity treatments, while others were induced by either gamma rays or salinity. Seeds irradiation with gamma rays alleviates the adverse effect of salt stress compared to non irradiated seeds.
Published: 2012

2. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Ferrari, A, Santomauro, D, Aali, A, Abate, Y, Abbafati, C, Abbastabar, H, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdollahi, A, Abdullahi, A, Abegaz, K, Abeldaño Zuñiga, R, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, L, Abualruz, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Ackerman, I, Addo, I, Addolorato, G, Adebiyi, A, Adepoju, A, Adewuyi, H, Afyouni, S, Afzal, S, Agodi, A, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, S, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, L, Ahmed, M, Ajami, M, Akinosoglou, K, Akkaif, M, Al Hasan, S, Alalalmeh, S, Al-Aly, Z, Albashtawy, M, Aldridge, R, Alemu, M, Alemu, Y, Alene, K, Al-Gheethi, A, Alharrasi, M, Alhassan, R, Ali, M, Ali, R, Ali, S, Alif, S, Aljunid, S, Al-Marwani, S, Almazan, J, Alomari, M, Al-Omari, B, Altaany, Z, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Alwafi, H, Al-Wardat, M, Al-Worafi, Y, Aly, S, Alzoubi, K, Amare, A, Amegbor, P, Ameyaw, E, Amin, T, Amindarolzarbi, A, Amiri, S, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, D, Andrade, P, Andrei, C, Ansari, H, Antony, C, Anwar, S, Anwer, R, Anyanwu, P, Arab, J, Arabloo, J, Arafat, M, Araki, D, Aravkin, A, Arkew, M, Armocida, B, Arndt, M, Arooj, M, Artamonov, A, Aruleba, R, Arumugam, A, Ashbaugh, C, Ashemo, M, Ashraf, M, Asika, M, Askari, E, Astell-Burt, T, Athari, S, Atorkey, P, Atout, M, Atreya, A, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avan, A, Awotidebe, A, Awuviry-Newton, K, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayuso-Mateos, J, Azadnajafabad, S, Azevedo, R, Babu, A, Badar, M, Badiye, A, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bah, S, Bai, R, Baker, J, Bakkannavar, S, Bako, A, Balakrishnan, S, Bam, K, Banik, P, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Bardideh, E, Barker-Collo, S, Barqawi, H, Barrow, A, Barteit, S, Barua, L, Bashiri Aliabadi, S, Basiru, A, Basu, S, Bathini, P, Batra, K, Baune, B, Bayileyegn, N, Behnam, B, Behnoush, A, Beiranvand, M, Bejarano Ramirez, D, Bell, M, Bello, O, Beloukas, A, Bensenor, I, Berezvai, Z, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, R, Bettencourt, P, Bhagavathula, A, Bhala, N, Bhandari, D, Bhargava, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, V, Bhatti, G, Bhatti, J, Bhatti, M, Bhatti, R, Bhutta, Z, Bikbov, B, Bishai, J, Bisignano, C, Bitra, V, Bjørge, T, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, A, Bogale, E, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Bonny, A, Bora Basara, B, Borhany, H, Boxe, C, Brady, O, Bragazzi, N, Braithwaite, D, Brant, L, Brauer, M, Breitner, S, Brenner, H, Brown, J, Brugha, T, Bulamu, N, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, Burns, R, Busse, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, Z, Byun, J, Caetano dos Santos, F, Calina, D, Cámera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cao, C, Capodici, A, Carr, S, Carreras, G, Carugno, A, Carvalho, M, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Catapano, A, Cattaruzza, M, Caye, A, Cegolon, L, Cembranel, F, Cenderadewi, M, Cerin, E, Chakraborty, P, Chan, J, Chan, R, Chandika, R, Chandrasekar, E, Charalampous, P, Chattu, V, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, V, Chen, A, Chen, C, Chen, H, Chen, N, Cheng, E, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chimoriya, R, Ching, P, Cho, W, Choi, S, Chong, B, Chong, Y, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, S, Chu, D, Chukwu, I, Chung, E, Chutiyami, M, Claassens, M, Cogen, R, Columbus, A, Conde, J, Cortesi, P, Cousin, E, Criqui, M, Cruz-Martins, N, Dadras, O, Dai, S, Dai, X, Dai, Z, Dalaba, M, Damiani, G, Das, J, Das, S, Dashti, M, Dávila-Cervantes, C, Davletov, K, De Leo, D, Debele, A, Debopadhaya, S, Decleene, N, Deeba, F, Degenhardt, L, Del Bo', C, Delgado-Enciso, I, Demetriades, A, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Dervenis, N, Desai, H, Desai, R, Deuba, K, Dhama, K, Dharmaratne, S, Dhingra, S, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Diaz, L, Diaz, M, Dima, A, Ding, D, Dirac, M, Do, T, do Prado, C, Dohare, S, Dominguez, R, Dong, W, Dongarwar, D, D'Oria, M, Dorsey, E, Doshmangir, L, Dowou, R, Driscoll, T, Dsouza, H, Dsouza, V, Dube, J, Dumith, S, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Duraisamy, S, Durojaiye, O, Dzianach, P, Dziedzic, A, Eboreime, E, Ebrahimi, A, Edinur, H, Edvardsson, D, Eikemo, T, Eini, E, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, T, El Sayed, I, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elemam, N, Elgohary, G, Elhadi, M, Elmeligy, O, Elnahas, G, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Engelbert Bain, L, Erkhembayar, R, Eshrati, B, Estep, K, Fabin, N, Fagbamigbe, A, Falzone, L, Fareed, M, Farinha, C, Faris, M, Faro, A, Farrokhi, P, Fatehizadeh, A, Fauk, N, Feigin, V, Feng, X, Fereshtehnejad, S, Feroze, A, Ferreira, N, Ferreira, P, Fischer, F, Flavel, J, Flood, D, Flor, L, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Force, L, Fortuna, D, Foschi, M, Franklin, R, Freitas, A, Fukumoto, T, Furtado, J, Gaal, P, Gadanya, M, Gaidhane, A, Gaihre, S, Galali, Y, Ganbat, M, Gandhi, A, Ganesan, B, Ganie, M, Ganiyani, M, Gardner, W, Gebi, T, Gebregergis, M, Gebrehiwot, M, Gebremariam, T, Gebremeskel, T, Gela, Y, Georgescu, S, Getachew Obsa, A, Gething, P, Getie, M, Ghadiri, K, Ghadirian, F, Ghailan, K, Ghajar, A, Ghasemi, M, Ghasempour Dabaghi, G, Ghasemzadeh, A, Ghazy, R, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Ghorbani, M, Ghotbi, E, Gibson, R, Gill, T, Ginindza, T, Girmay, A, Glasbey, J, Göbölös, L, Godinho, M, Goharinezhad, S, Goldust, M, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Gona, P, Gorini, G, Goulart, A, Grada, A, Grivna, M, Guan, S, Guarducci, G, Gubari, M, Gudeta, M, Guha, A, Guicciardi, S, Gulati, S, Gulisashvili, D, Gunawardane, D, Guo, C, Gupta, A, Gupta, B, Gupta, I, Gupta, M, Gupta, R, Gupta, V, Gutiérrez, R, Habibzadeh, F, Habibzadeh, P, Haddadi, R, Hadi, N, Haep, N, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hafiz, A, Hagins, H, Halboub, E, Halimi, A, Haller, S, Halwani, R, Hamilton, E, Hankey, G, Hannan, M, Haque, M, Harapan, H, Haro, J, Hartvigsen, J, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, I, Hasanian, M, Hasnain, M, Hassan, A, Haubold, J, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Hebert, J, Hegazi, O, Heidari, G, Helfer, B, Hemmati, M, Hendrie, D, Henson, C, Hezam, K, Hiraike, Y, Hoan, N, Holla, R, Hon, J, Hossain, M, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hsu, J, Huang, J, Hugo, F, Hushmandi, K, Hussain, J, Hussein, N, Huynh, C, Huynh, H, Hwang, B, Iannucci, V, Ihler, A, Ikiroma, A, Ikuta, K, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Imam, M, Immurana, M, Irham, L, Islam, M, Islam, S, Islami, F, Ismail, F, Ismail, N, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iwu, C, Iyer, M, Jaafari, J, Jacobsen, K, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jafarinia, M, Jaggi, K, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jahrami, H, Jain, A, Jain, N, Jairoun, A, Jaiswal, A, Jakovljevic, M, Jatau, A, Javadov, S, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, S, Jayaram, S, Jee, S, Jeganathan, J, Jeyakumar, A, Jha, A, Jiang, H, Jin, Y, Jonas, J, Joo, T, Joseph, A, Joseph, N, Joshua, C, Jozwiak, J, Jürisson, M, K, V, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kadashetti, V, Kalani, R, Kalankesh, L, Kaliyadan, F, Kalra, S, Kamenov, K, Kamyari, N, Kanagasabai, T, Kandel, H, Kanmanthareddy, A, Kanmodi, K, Kantar, R, Karaye, I, Karim, A, Karimi, S, Karimi, Y, Kasraei, H, Kassel, M, Kauppila, J, Kawakami, N, Kayode, G, Kazemi, F, Kazemian, S, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Keller, C, Kempen, J, Kerr, J, Keshtkar, K, Kesse-Guyot, E, Keykhaei, M, Khajuria, H, Khalaji, A, Khalid, A, Khalid, N, Khalilian, A, Khamesipour, F, Khan, A, Khan, I, Khan, M, Khanmohammadi, S, Khatab, K, Khatami, F, Khatatbeh, M, Khater, A, Khayat Kashani, H, Khidri, F, Khodadoust, E, Khormali, M, Khorrami, Z, Kifle, Z, Kim, M, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Knudsen, A, Kocarnik, J, Kochhar, S, Koh, H, Kolahi, A, Kompani, F, Koren, G, Korzh, O, Kosen, S, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Krishan, K, Krishna, V, Krishnamoorthy, V, Kuate Defo, B, Kuddus, M, Kuitunen, I, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kumar, R, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Kyu, H, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Ladan, M, Laflamme, L, Lafranconi, A, Lahariya, C, Lai, D, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lám, J, Lan, Q, Lan, T, Landires, I, Lanfranchi, F, Langguth, B, Laplante-Lévesque, A, Larijani, B, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Le, H, Le, L, Le, N, Le, T, Leasher, J, Ledda, C, Lee, M, Lee, P, Lee, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Legrand, K, Lenzi, J, Leong, E, Leung, J, Li, M, Li, W, Li, X, Li, Y, Lim, L, Lim, S, Lindstrom, M, Linn, S, Liu, G, Liu, R, Liu, S, Liu, W, Liu, X, Llanaj, E, Lo, C, López-Bueno, R, Loreche, A, Lorenzovici, L, Lozano, R, Lubinda, J, Lucchetti, G, Lunevicius, R, Lusk, J, Lv, H, Ma, Z, Machairas, N, Madureira-Carvalho, Á, Magaña Gómez, J, Maghazachi, A, Maharjan, P, Mahasha, P, Maheri, M, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoud, M, Mahmoudi, E, Majeed, A, Makris, K, Malakan Rad, E, Malhotra, K, Malik, A, Malik, I, Malta, D, Manla, Y, Mansour, A, Mansouri, P, Mansournia, M, Mantilla Herrera, A, Mantovani, L, Manu, E, Marateb, H, Mardi, P, Martinez, G, Martinez-Piedra, R, Martini, D, Martins-Melo, F, Martorell, M, Marx, W, Maryam, S, Marzo, R, Mathangasinghe, Y, Mathieson, S, Mathioudakis, A, Mattumpuram, J, Maugeri, A, Mayeli, M, Mazidi, M, Mazzotti, A, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mckowen, A, Mcphail, M, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, K, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mekene Meto, T, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mensah, G, Mentis, A, Meo, S, Meresa, H, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Mestrovic, T, Mettananda, K, Mettananda, S, Michalek, I, Miller, P, Miller, T, Mills, E, Minh, L, Mirijello, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirutse, M, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M, Mirzaei, M, Mirzaei, R, Misganaw, A, Mishra, A, Mitchell, P, Mittal, C, Moazen, B, Moberg, M, Mohamed, J, Mohamed, M, Mohamed, N, Mohammadi, E, Mohammadi, S, Mohammed, H, Mohammed, S, Mohr, R, Mokdad, A, Molinaro, S, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Mondello, S, Moodi Ghalibaf, A, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreira, R, Morovatdar, N, Morrison, S, Morze, J, Mosapour, A, Mosser, J, Mossialos, E, Motappa, R, Mougin, V, Mouodi, S, Mrejen, M, Msherghi, A, Mubarik, S, Mueller, U, Mulita, F, Munjal, K, Murillo-Zamora, E, Murlimanju, B, Mustafa, G, Muthu, S, Muzaffar, M, Myung, W, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, P, Naik, G, Nainu, F, Nair, S, Najmuldeen, H, Nangia, V, Naqvi, A, Narayana, A, Nargus, S, Nascimento, G, Nashwan, A, Nasrollahizadeh, A, Natto, Z, Nayak, B, Nayak, V, Nduaguba, S, Negash, H, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Nejadghaderi, S, Nesbit, O, Netsere, H, Ng, M, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, D, Nguyen, H, Niazi, R, Nikolouzakis, T, Nikoobar, A, Nikoomanesh, F, Nikpoor, A, Nnaji, C, Nnyanzi, L, Noman, E, Nomura, S, Norrving, B, Nri-Ezedi, C, Ntaios, G, Ntsekhe, M, Nurrika, D, Nzoputam, C, Nzoputam, O, Oancea, B, Odetokun, I, O'Donnell, M, Oguntade, A, Oguta, J, Okati-Aliabad, H, Okeke, S, Okekunle, A, Okonji, O, Olagunju, A, Olasupo, O, Olatubi, M, Oliveira, G, Olufadewa, I, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Omar, H, Omer, G, Omonisi, A, Onie, S, Onwujekwe, O, Ordak, M, Orish, V, Ortega-Altamirano, D, Ortiz, A, Ortiz-Brizuela, E, Osman, W, Ostroff, S, Osuagwu, U, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Ouyahia, A, Ouyang, G, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padron-Monedero, A, Padubidri, J, Palicz, T, Palladino, C, Pan, F, Pandi-Perumal, S, Pangaribuan, H, Panos, G, Panos, L, Pantea Stoian, A, Pardhan, S, Parikh, R, Pashaei, A, Pasovic, M, Passera, R, Patel, J, Patel, S, Patil, S, Patoulias, D, Patthipati, V, Pawar, S, Pazoki Toroudi, H, Pease, S, Peden, A, Pedersini, P, Peng, M, Pensato, U, Pepito, V, Peprah, E, Peprah, P, Perdigão, J, Pereira, M, Perianayagam, A, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Petermann-Rocha, F, Petri, W, Pham, H, Philip, A, Phillips, M, Pigeolet, M, Pigott, D, Pillay, J, Piracha, Z, Pirouzpanah, S, Plass, D, Plotnikov, E, Poddighe, D, Polinder, S, Postma, M, Pourtaheri, N, Prada, S, Pradhan, P, Prakash, V, Prasad, M, Prates, E, Priscilla, T, Pritchett, N, Puri, P, Puvvula, J, Qasim, N, Qattea, I, Qazi, A, Qian, G, Rabiee Rad, M, Radhakrishnan, R, Radhakrishnan, V, Raeisi Shahraki, H, Rafferty, Q, Raggi, A, Raghav, P, Rahim, M, Rahman, M, Rahmani, S, Rahmanian, M, Rahmawaty, S, Rajaa, S, Ramadan, M, Ramasamy, S, Ramasubramani, P, Ramazanu, S, Rana, K, Ranabhat, C, Rancic, N, Rane, A, Rao, C, Rao, K, Rao, M, Rao, S, Rashidi, M, Rathnaiah Babu, G, Rauniyar, S, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Razo, C, Reddy, M, Redwan, E, Reifels, L, Reiner Jr, R, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, A, Reshmi, B, Reyes, L, Rezaei, N, Rezaei Hachesu, P, Rezaeian, M, Rickard, J, Rodrigues, C, Rodriguez, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rotimi, K, Rout, H, Roy, B, Roy, N, Roy, P, Rubagotti, E, S N, C, Saad, A, Saber-Ayad, M, Sabour, S, Sacco, S, Sachdev, P, Saddik, B, Saddler, A, Sadee, B, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghi, M, Saeb, M, Saeed, U, Safi, S, Sagar, R, Sagoe, D, Saif, Z, Sajid, M, Sakshaug, J, Salam, N, Salami, A, Salaroli, L, Saleh, M, Salem, M, Sallam, M, Samadzadeh, S, Samargandy, S, Samodra, Y, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanna, F, Santos, I, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sarasmita, M, Sarikhani, Y, Sarmiento-Suárez, R, Sarode, G, Sarode, S, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sathyanarayan, A, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Scarmeas, N, Schaarschmidt, B, Schmidt, M, Schneider, I, Schumacher, A, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Sedighi, M, Senapati, S, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Sethi, Y, Setoguchi, S, Seylani, A, Shadid, J, Shafie, M, Shah, H, Shah, N, Shah, P, Shahbandi, A, Shahid, S, Shahid, W, Shahwan, M, Shaikh, M, Shakeri, A, Shalash, A, Sham, S, Shamim, M, Shamshirgaran, M, Shamsi, M, Shanawaz, M, Shankar, A, Shannawaz, M, Sharath, M, Sharifan, A, Sharifi-Rad, J, Sharma, M, Sharma, R, Sharma, S, 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Yadollahpour, Ali, Yaghoubi, Sajad, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yang, Lin, Yano, Yuichiro, Yao, Yao, Yaribeygi, Habib, Yazdanpanah, Mohammad Hosein, Ye, Pengpeng, Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad, Yesuf, Subah Abderehim, Yezli, Saber, Yiğit, Arzu, Yiğit, Vahit, Yigzaw, Zeamanuel Anteneh, Yismaw, Yazachew, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Yu, Yong, Yusuf, Hadiza, Zahid, Mondal Hasan, Zakham, Fathiah, Zaki, Leila, Zaki, Nazar, Zaman, Burhan Abdullah, Zamora, Nelson, Zand, Ramin, Zandieh, Ghazal G Z, Zar, Heather J, Zarrintan, Armin, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zhang, Haijun, Zhang, Ning, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhao, Hanqing, Zhong, Chenwen, Zhong, Panliang, Zhou, Juexiao, Zhu, Zhaohua, Ziafati, Makan, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Zoladl, Mohammad, Zumla, Alimuddin, Zyoud, Samer H, Vos, Theo, and Murray, Christopher J L
Abstract: Background: Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases. It can also facilitate more rigorous monitoring of progress towards national and international health targets, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. For three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has filled that need. A global network of collaborators contributed to the production of GBD 2021 by providing, reviewing, and analysing all available data. GBD estimates are updated routinely with additional data and refined analytical methods. GBD 2021 presents, for the first time, estimates of health loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The GBD 2021 disease and injury burden analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries using 100 983 data sources. Data were extracted from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, censuses, household surveys, disease-specific registries, health service contact data, and other sources. YLDs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific prevalence of sequelae by their respective disability weights, for each disease and injury. YLLs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific deaths by the standard life expectancy at the age that death occurred. DALYs were calculated by summing YLDs and YLLs. HALE estimates were produced using YLDs per capita and age-specific mortality rates by location, age, sex, year, and cause.
Published: 2024

3. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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Nguyen, DH, Nguyen, HQ, Niazi, RK, Nikolouzakis, TK, Nikoobar, A, Nikoomanesh, F, Nikpoor, AR, Nnaji, CA, Nnyanzi, LA, Noman, EA, Nomura, S, Norrving, B, Nri-Ezedi, CA, Ntaios, G, Ntsekhe, M, Nurrika, D, Nzoputam, CI, Nzoputam, OJ, Oancea, B, Odetokun, IA, O'Donnell, MJ, Oguntade, AS, Oguta, JO, Okati-Aliabad, H, Okeke, SR, Okekunle, AP, Okonji, OC, Olagunju, AT, Olasupo, OO, Olatubi, MI, Oliveira, GMM, Olufadewa, II, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Omar, HA, Omer, GL, Omonisi, AEE, Onie, S, Onwujekwe, OE, Ordak, M, Orish, VN, Ortega-Altamirano, DV, Ortiz, A, Ortiz-Brizuela, E, Osman, WMS, Ostroff, SM, Osuagwu, UL, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Ouyahia, A, Ouyang, G, Owolabi, MO, P A, MP, Padron-Monedero, A, Padubidri, JR, Palicz, T, Palladino, C, Pan, F, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Pangaribuan, HU, Panos, GD, Panos, LD, Pantea Stoian, AM, Pardhan, S, Parikh, RR, Pashaei, A, Pasovic, M, Passera, R, Patel, J, Patel, SK, Patil, S, Patoulias, D, Patthipati, VS, Pawar, S, Pazoki Toroudi, H, 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Y, Yusuf, H, Zahid, MH, Zakham, F, Zaki, L, Zaki, N, Zaman, BA, Zamora, N, Zand, R, Zandieh, GGZ, Zar, HJ, Zarrintan, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, H, Zhang, N, Zhang, Y, Zhao, H, Zhong, C, Zhong, P, Zhou, J, Zhu, Z, Ziafati, M, Zielińska, M, Zimsen, SRM, Zoladl, M, Zumla, A, Zyoud, SH, Vos, T, and Murray, CJL
Published: 2024

4. Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026

Author: Micah, A, Bhangdia, K, Cogswell, I, Lasher, D, Lidral-Porter, B, Maddison, E, Nguyen, T, Patel, N, Pedroza, P, Solorio, J, Stutzman, H, Tsakalos, G, Wang, Y, Warriner, W, Zhao, Y, Zlavog, B, Abbafati, C, Abbas, J, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abdelmasseh, M, Abdulah, D, Abedi, A, Abegaz, K, Abhilash, E, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Abrigo, M, Abubaker Ali, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adem, M, Afzal, M, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed Rashid, T, Aji, B, Akbarialiabad, H, Akelew, Y, Al Hamad, H, Alam, K, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Al-Hanawi, M, Alhassan, R, Aljunid, S, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Amare, A, Ameyaw, E, Amini-Rarani, M, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, T, Anwar, S, Appiah, F, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aravkin, A, Aremu, O, Aruleba, R, Athari, S, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayanore, M, Azari, S, Baig, A, Bantie, A, Barrow, A, Baskaran, P, Basu, S, Batiha, A, Baune, B, Berezvai, Z, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Boachie, M, Bodolica, V, Botelho, J, Braithwaite, D, Breitborde, N, Busse, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Catala-Lopez, F, Chansa, C, Charan, J, Chattu, V, Chen, S, Chukwu, I, Dadras, O, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dargahi, A, Debela, S, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Desye, B, Dharmaratne, S, Diao, N, Doan, L, Dodangeh, M, dos Santos, W, Doshmangir, L, Dube, J, Eini, E, El Sayed Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Enyew, D, Eskandarieh, S, Ezati Asar, M, Fagbamigbe, A, Faraon, E, Fatehizadeh, A, Fattahi, H, Fekadu, G, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Fowobaje, K, Freitas, A, Fukumoto, T, Fullman, N, Gaal, P, Gamkrelidze, A, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gebrehiwot, M, Gerema, U, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S, Ghanbari, R, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Golechha, M, Golinelli, D, Goshu, Y, Goyomsa, G, Guha, A, Gunawardane, D, Gupta, B, Hamidi, S, Harapan, H, Hashempour, R, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Heredia-Pi, I, Herteliu, C, Heyi, D, Hezam, K, Hiraike, Y, Hlongwa, M, Holla, R, Hoque, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hussain, S, Ilesanmi, O, Immurana, M, Iradukunda, A, Ismail, N, Isola, G, J, L, Jakovljevic, M, Jalili, M, Janodia, M, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, S, Jemere, D, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kaambwa, B, Kadashetti, V, Kadel, R, Kadir, D, Kalankesh, L, Kamath, R, Kandel, H, Kantar, R, Karanth, S, Karaye, I, Karimi, S, Kassa, B, Kayode, G, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Keshri, V, Keskin, C, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khajuria, H, Khayat Kashani, H, Kifle, Z, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kohler, S, Kompani, F, Kosen, S, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kusuma, D, Lam, J, Lamnisos, D, Larsson, A, Lee, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Lenzi, J, Lim, L, Lorenzovici, L, Lozano, R, Machado, V, Madadizadeh, F, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Mahmoudi, R, Majeed, A, Malekpour, M, Manda, A, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Marrugo Arnedo, C, Martorell, M, Masoud, A, Mathews, E, Maude, R, Mechili, E, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mendes, J, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mesregah, M, Mestrovic, T, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirutse, M, Mirza, M, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M, Misganaw, A, Moccia, M, Moghadasi, J, Mohammadi, E, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadshahi, M, Mohammed, S, Mohseni, M, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Mossialos, E, Mostafavi, E, Mousavi Isfahani, H, Mpundu-Kaambwa, C, Murthy, S, Muthupandian, S, Nagarajan, A, Naidoo, K, Naimzada, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, A, Nayak, B, Ndejjo, R, Noroozi, N, Noubiap, J, Nuruzzaman, K, Nzoputam, C, Nzoputam, O, Oancea, B, Obi, F, Ogunkoya, A, Oh, I, Okonji, O, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olakunde, B, Omar Bali, A, Onwujekwe, O, Opio, J, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, Palicz, T, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Parekh, T, Pasupula, D, Patel, J, Patton, G, Paudel, U, Paun, M, Pawar, S, Perna, S, Perumalsamy, N, Petcu, I, Piracha, Z, Poursadeqiyan, M, Pourtaheri, N, Prada, S, Rafiei, S, Raghav, P, Rahim, F, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Ranabhat, C, Raru, T, Rashedi, S, Rashidi, M, Ravangard, R, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Redwan, E, Reiner, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, M, Rezaei, N, Riaz, M, Rodriguez, J, Saad, A, Saddik, B, Sadeghian, S, Saeb, M, Saeed, U, Sahu, M, Saki, M, Salamati, P, Salari, H, Salehi, S, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanmarchi, F, Santos, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sao Jose, B, Sarikhani, Y, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Savic, M, Sayadi, Y, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Servan-Mori, E, Setshegetso, N, Seylani, A, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shakhmardanov, M, Shanawaz, M, Sharew, M, Sharew, N, Sharma, R, Shayan, M, Sheikh, A, Shenoy, S, Shetty, A, Shetty, P, Shivakumar, K, Silva, L, Simegn, W, Singh, J, Singh, K, Skhvitaridze, N, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Socea, B, Solomon, Y, Song, S, Stefan, S, Suleman, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tat, N, Tat, V, Tefera, B, Tichopad, A, Tobe-Gai, R, Tovani-Palone, M, Tudor Car, L, Tufa, D, Vasankari, T, Vasic, M, Vervoort, D, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Vu, L, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, C, Wassie, G, Wickramasinghe, N, Yaya, S, Yigit, A, Yigit, V, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaki, L, Zaman, B, Zangeneh, A, Zare Dehnavi, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zeng, W, Zhang, Z, Zuhlke, L, Zuniga, Y, Hay, S, Murray, C, Dieleman, J, Micah A. E., Bhangdia K., Cogswell I. E., Lasher D., Lidral-Porter B., Maddison E. R., Nguyen T. N. N., Patel N., Pedroza P., Solorio J., Stutzman H., Tsakalos G., Wang Y., Warriner W., Zhao Y., Zlavog B. S., Abbafati C., Abbas J., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbasi-Kangevari Z., Abdelmasseh M., Abdulah D. M., Abedi A., Abegaz K. H., Abhilash E. S., Aboagye R. G., Abolhassani H., Abrigo M. R. M., Abubaker Ali H., Abu-Gharbieh E., Adem M. H., Afzal M. S., Ahmadi A., Ahmed H., Ahmed Rashid T., Aji B., Akbarialiabad H., Akelew Y., Al Hamad H., Alam K., Alanezi F. M., Alanzi T. M., Al-Hanawi M. K., Alhassan R. K., Aljunid S. M., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N. J., Amare A. T., Ameyaw E. K., Amini-Rarani M., Amu H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei T., Anwar S. L., Appiah F., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aravkin A. Y., Aremu O., Aruleba R. T., Athari S. S., Avila-Burgos L., Ayanore M. A., Azari S., Baig A. A., Bantie A. T., Barrow A., Baskaran P., Basu S., Batiha A. -M. M., Baune B. T., Berezvai Z., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhaskar S., Boachie M. K., Bodolica V., Botelho J. S. B., Braithwaite D., Breitborde N. J. K., Busse R., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Catala-Lopez F., Chansa C., Charan J., Chattu V. K., Chen S., Chukwu I. S., Dadras O., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dargahi A., Debela S. A., Denova-Gutierrez E., Desye B., Dharmaratne S. D., Diao N., Doan L. P., Dodangeh M., dos Santos W. M., Doshmangir L., Dube J., Eini E., El Sayed Zaki M., El Tantawi M., Enyew D. B., Eskandarieh S., Ezati Asar M., Fagbamigbe A. F., Faraon E. J. A., Fatehizadeh A., Fattahi H., Fekadu G., Fischer F., Foigt N. A., Fowobaje K. R., Freitas A., Fukumoto T., Fullman N., Gaal P. A., Gamkrelidze A., Garcia-Gordillo M. A., Gebrehiwot M., Gerema U., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari S. -H., Ghanbari R., Ghashghaee A., Gholamrezanezhad A., Golechha M., Golinelli D., Goshu Y. A., Goyomsa G. G., Guha A., Gunawardane D. A., Gupta B., Hamidi S., Harapan H., Hashempour R., Hayat K., Heidari G., Heredia-Pi I., Herteliu C., Heyi D. Z., Hezam K., Hiraike Y., Hlongwa M. M., Holla R., Hoque M. E., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc S., Hussain S., Ilesanmi O. S., Immurana M., Iradukunda A., Ismail N. E., Isola G., J L. M., Jakovljevic M., Jalili M., Janodia M. D., Javaheri T., Jayapal S. K., Jemere D. M., Joo T., Joseph N., Jozwiak J. J., Jurisson M., Kaambwa B., Kadashetti V., Kadel R., Kadir D. H., Kalankesh L. R., Kamath R., Kandel H., Kantar R. S., Karanth S. D., Karaye I. M., Karimi S. E., Kassa B. G., Kayode G. A., Keikavoosi-Arani L., Keshri V. R., Keskin C., Khader Y. S., Khafaie M. A., Khajuria H., Khayat Kashani H. R., Kifle Z. D., Kim H., Kim J., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kohler S., Kompani F., Kosen S., Koulmane Laxminarayana S. L., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kusuma D., Lam J., Lamnisos D., Larsson A. O., Lee S. -W., Lee S. W. H., Lee W. -C., Lee Y. H., Lenzi J., Lim L. -L., Lorenzovici L., Lozano R., Machado V. S. M., Madadizadeh F., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahmoudi R., Majeed A., Malekpour M. -R., Manda A. L., Mansouri B., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Marrugo Arnedo C. A., Martorell M., Masoud A., Mathews E., Maude R. J., Mechili E. A., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mendes J. J. J. M., Meretoja A., Meretoja T. J., Mesregah M. K., Mestrovic T., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirutse M. K., Mirza M., Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M., Misganaw A., Moccia M., Moghadasi J., Mohammadi E., Mohammadi M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadshahi M., Mohammed S., Mohseni M., Mokdad A. H., Monasta L., Mossialos E., Mostafavi E., Mousavi Isfahani H., Mpundu-Kaambwa C., Murthy S., Muthupandian S., Nagarajan A. J., Naidoo K. S., Naimzada M. D., Nangia V., Naqvi A. A., Nayak B. P., Ndejjo R., Nguyen T. H., Noroozi N., Noubiap J. J., Nuruzzaman K. M., Nzoputam C. I., Nzoputam O. J., Oancea B., Obi F. C. A., Ogunkoya A., Oh I. -H., Okonji O. C., Olagunju A. T., Olagunju T. O., Olakunde B. O., Omar Bali A., Onwujekwe O. E., Opio J. N., Otoiu A., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., Palicz T., Palladino R., Pana A., Parekh T., Pasupula D. K., Patel J., Patton G. C., Paudel U., Paun M., Pawar S., Perna S., Perumalsamy N., Petcu I. -R., Piracha Z. Z., Poursadeqiyan M., Pourtaheri N., Prada S. I., Rafiei S., Raghav P. R., Rahim F., Rahman M. H. U., Rahman M., Rahmani A. M., Ranabhat C. L., Raru T. B., Rashedi S., Rashidi M. -M., Ravangard R., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Redwan E. M. M., Reiner R. C., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei M., Rezaei N., Riaz M. A., Rodriguez J. A. B., Saad A. M. A., Saddik B., Sadeghian S., Saeb M. R., Saeed U., Sahu M., Saki M., Salamati P., Salari H., Salehi S., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sanmarchi F., Santos J. V., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sao Jose B. P., Sarikhani Y., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Savic M., Sayadi Y., Schwendicke F., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Servan-Mori E., Setshegetso N., Seylani A., Shahabi S., Shaikh M. A., Shakhmardanov M. Z., Shanawaz M., Sharew M. M. S., Sharew N. T., Sharma R., Shayan M., Sheikh A., Shenoy S. M., Shetty A., Shetty P. H., Shivakumar K. M., Silva L. M. L. R., Simegn W., Singh J. A., Singh K., Skhvitaridze N., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Socea B., Solomon Y., Song S., Stefan S. C., Suleman M., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tat N. Y., Tat V. Y., Tefera B. N., Tichopad A., Tobe-Gai R., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tudor Car L., Tufa D. G., Vasankari T. J., Vasic M., Vervoort D., Vlassov V., Vo B., Vu L. G., Waheed Y., Wamai R. G., Wang C., Wassie G. T., Wickramasinghe N. D., Yaya S., Yigit A., Yigit V., Yonemoto N., Younis M. Z., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zaki L., Zaman B. A., Zangeneh A., Zare Dehnavi A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zeng W., Zhang Z. -J., Zuhlke L. J., Zuniga Y. M. H., Hay S. I., Murray C. J. L., Dieleman J. L., Micah, A, Bhangdia, K, Cogswell, I, Lasher, D, Lidral-Porter, B, Maddison, E, Nguyen, T, Patel, N, Pedroza, P, Solorio, J, Stutzman, H, Tsakalos, G, Wang, Y, Warriner, W, Zhao, Y, Zlavog, B, Abbafati, C, Abbas, J, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abdelmasseh, M, Abdulah, D, Abedi, A, Abegaz, K, Abhilash, E, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Abrigo, M, Abubaker Ali, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adem, M, Afzal, M, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed Rashid, T, Aji, B, Akbarialiabad, H, Akelew, Y, Al Hamad, H, Alam, K, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Al-Hanawi, M, Alhassan, R, Aljunid, S, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Amare, A, Ameyaw, E, Amini-Rarani, M, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, T, Anwar, S, Appiah, F, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aravkin, A, Aremu, O, Aruleba, R, Athari, S, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayanore, M, Azari, S, Baig, A, Bantie, A, Barrow, A, Baskaran, P, Basu, S, Batiha, A, Baune, B, Berezvai, Z, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Boachie, M, Bodolica, 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Iradukunda, A, Ismail, N, Isola, G, J, L, Jakovljevic, M, Jalili, M, Janodia, M, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, S, Jemere, D, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kaambwa, B, Kadashetti, V, Kadel, R, Kadir, D, Kalankesh, L, Kamath, R, Kandel, H, Kantar, R, Karanth, S, Karaye, I, Karimi, S, Kassa, B, Kayode, G, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Keshri, V, Keskin, C, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khajuria, H, Khayat Kashani, H, Kifle, Z, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kohler, S, Kompani, F, Kosen, S, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kusuma, D, Lam, J, Lamnisos, D, Larsson, A, Lee, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Lenzi, J, Lim, L, Lorenzovici, L, Lozano, R, Machado, V, Madadizadeh, F, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Mahmoudi, R, Majeed, A, Malekpour, M, Manda, A, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Marrugo Arnedo, C, Martorell, M, Masoud, A, Mathews, E, Maude, R, Mechili, E, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mendes, J, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mesregah, M, Mestrovic, T, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirutse, M, Mirza, M, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M, Misganaw, A, Moccia, M, Moghadasi, J, Mohammadi, E, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadshahi, M, Mohammed, S, Mohseni, M, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Mossialos, E, Mostafavi, E, Mousavi Isfahani, H, Mpundu-Kaambwa, C, Murthy, S, Muthupandian, S, Nagarajan, A, Naidoo, K, Naimzada, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, A, Nayak, B, Ndejjo, R, Noroozi, N, Noubiap, J, Nuruzzaman, K, Nzoputam, C, Nzoputam, O, Oancea, B, Obi, F, Ogunkoya, A, Oh, I, Okonji, O, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olakunde, B, Omar Bali, A, Onwujekwe, O, Opio, J, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, Palicz, T, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Parekh, T, Pasupula, D, Patel, J, Patton, G, Paudel, U, Paun, M, Pawar, S, Perna, S, Perumalsamy, N, Petcu, I, Piracha, Z, Poursadeqiyan, M, Pourtaheri, N, Prada, S, Rafiei, S, Raghav, P, Rahim, F, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Ranabhat, C, Raru, T, Rashedi, S, Rashidi, M, Ravangard, R, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Redwan, E, Reiner, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, M, 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E., Bhangdia K., Cogswell I. E., Lasher D., Lidral-Porter B., Maddison E. R., Nguyen T. N. N., Patel N., Pedroza P., Solorio J., Stutzman H., Tsakalos G., Wang Y., Warriner W., Zhao Y., Zlavog B. S., Abbafati C., Abbas J., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbasi-Kangevari Z., Abdelmasseh M., Abdulah D. M., Abedi A., Abegaz K. H., Abhilash E. S., Aboagye R. G., Abolhassani H., Abrigo M. R. M., Abubaker Ali H., Abu-Gharbieh E., Adem M. H., Afzal M. S., Ahmadi A., Ahmed H., Ahmed Rashid T., Aji B., Akbarialiabad H., Akelew Y., Al Hamad H., Alam K., Alanezi F. M., Alanzi T. M., Al-Hanawi M. K., Alhassan R. K., Aljunid S. M., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N. J., Amare A. T., Ameyaw E. K., Amini-Rarani M., Amu H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei T., Anwar S. L., Appiah F., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aravkin A. Y., Aremu O., Aruleba R. T., Athari S. S., Avila-Burgos L., Ayanore M. A., Azari S., Baig A. A., Bantie A. T., Barrow A., Baskaran P., Basu S., Batiha A. -M. 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A., Gupta B., Hamidi S., Harapan H., Hashempour R., Hayat K., Heidari G., Heredia-Pi I., Herteliu C., Heyi D. Z., Hezam K., Hiraike Y., Hlongwa M. M., Holla R., Hoque M. E., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc S., Hussain S., Ilesanmi O. S., Immurana M., Iradukunda A., Ismail N. E., Isola G., J L. M., Jakovljevic M., Jalili M., Janodia M. D., Javaheri T., Jayapal S. K., Jemere D. M., Joo T., Joseph N., Jozwiak J. J., Jurisson M., Kaambwa B., Kadashetti V., Kadel R., Kadir D. H., Kalankesh L. R., Kamath R., Kandel H., Kantar R. S., Karanth S. D., Karaye I. M., Karimi S. E., Kassa B. G., Kayode G. A., Keikavoosi-Arani L., Keshri V. R., Keskin C., Khader Y. S., Khafaie M. A., Khajuria H., Khayat Kashani H. R., Kifle Z. D., Kim H., Kim J., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kohler S., Kompani F., Kosen S., Koulmane Laxminarayana S. L., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kusuma D., Lam J., Lamnisos D., Larsson A. O., Lee S. -W., Lee S. W. H., Lee W. -C., Lee Y. H., Lenzi J., Lim L. -L., Lorenzovici L., Lozano R., Machado V. S. M., Madadizadeh F., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahmoudi R., Majeed A., Malekpour M. -R., Manda A. L., Mansouri B., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Marrugo Arnedo C. A., Martorell M., Masoud A., Mathews E., Maude R. J., Mechili E. A., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mendes J. J. J. M., Meretoja A., Meretoja T. J., Mesregah M. K., Mestrovic T., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirutse M. K., Mirza M., Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M., Misganaw A., Moccia M., Moghadasi J., Mohammadi E., Mohammadi M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadshahi M., Mohammed S., Mohseni M., Mokdad A. H., Monasta L., Mossialos E., Mostafavi E., Mousavi Isfahani H., Mpundu-Kaambwa C., Murthy S., Muthupandian S., Nagarajan A. J., Naidoo K. S., Naimzada M. D., Nangia V., Naqvi A. A., Nayak B. P., Ndejjo R., Nguyen T. H., Noroozi N., Noubiap J. J., Nuruzzaman K. M., Nzoputam C. I., Nzoputam O. J., Oancea B., Obi F. C. A., Ogunkoya A., Oh I. -H., Okonji O. C., Olagunju A. T., Olagunju T. O., Olakunde B. O., Omar Bali A., Onwujekwe O. E., Opio J. N., Otoiu A., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., Palicz T., Palladino R., Pana A., Parekh T., Pasupula D. K., Patel J., Patton G. C., Paudel U., Paun M., Pawar S., Perna S., Perumalsamy N., Petcu I. -R., Piracha Z. Z., Poursadeqiyan M., Pourtaheri N., Prada S. I., Rafiei S., Raghav P. R., Rahim F., Rahman M. H. U., Rahman M., Rahmani A. M., Ranabhat C. L., Raru T. B., Rashedi S., Rashidi M. -M., Ravangard R., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Redwan E. M. M., Reiner R. C., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei M., Rezaei N., Riaz M. A., Rodriguez J. A. B., Saad A. M. A., Saddik B., Sadeghian S., Saeb M. R., Saeed U., Sahu M., Saki M., Salamati P., Salari H., Salehi S., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sanmarchi F., Santos J. V., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sao Jose B. P., Sarikhani Y., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Savic M., Sayadi Y., Schwendicke F., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Servan-Mori E., Setshegetso N., Seylani A., Shahabi S., Shaikh M. A., Shakhmardanov M. Z., Shanawaz M., Sharew M. M. S., Sharew N. T., Sharma R., Shayan M., Sheikh A., Shenoy S. M., Shetty A., Shetty P. H., Shivakumar K. M., Silva L. M. L. R., Simegn W., Singh J. A., Singh K., Skhvitaridze N., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Socea B., Solomon Y., Song S., Stefan S. C., Suleman M., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tat N. Y., Tat V. Y., Tefera B. N., Tichopad A., Tobe-Gai R., Tovani-Palone M. R., Tudor Car L., Tufa D. G., Vasankari T. J., Vasic M., Vervoort D., Vlassov V., Vo B., Vu L. G., Waheed Y., Wamai R. G., Wang C., Wassie G. T., Wickramasinghe N. D., Yaya S., Yigit A., Yigit V., Yonemoto N., Younis M. Z., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zaki L., Zaman B. A., Zangeneh A., Zare Dehnavi A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zeng W., Zhang Z. -J., Zuhlke L. J., Zuniga Y. M. H., Hay S. I., Murray C. J. L., and Dieleman J. L.
Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019; 293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provid
Published: 2023

5. Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Sheena, B, Hiebert, L, Han, H, Ippolito, H, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbastabar, H, Abdoli, A, Abubaker Ali, H, Adane, M, Adegboye, O, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Aghaie Meybodi, M, Ahadinezhad, B, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, M, Rashid, T, Akalu, G, Aklilu, A, Akram, T, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alem, A, Alem, D, Alhalaiqa, F, Alhassan, R, Ali, L, Ali, M, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Alkhayyat, M, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Altawalah, H, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Anoushiravani, A, Ansar, A, Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Argaw, A, Argaw, Z, Arshad, M, Artamonov, A, Ashraf, T, Atlaw, D, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Azari Jafari, A, Azarian, G, Bagheri, S, Bahadory, S, Baig, A, Banach, M, Barati, N, Barrow, A, Batiha, A, Bejarano Ramirez, D, Belgaumi, U, Berhie, A, Bhagat, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bodicha, B, Bojia, H, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, Butt, Z, Camera, L, Chakinala, R, Chakraborty, P, Charan, J, Chen, S, Choi, J, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, F, Chu, D, Chung, S, Cortesi, P, Cowie, B, Culbreth, G, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, De La Hoz, F, Debela, S, Dedefo, M, Demeke, F, Demie, T, Demissie, G, Derbew Molla, M, Desta, A, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, M, Didehdar, M, Doan, L, Dorostkar, F, Drake, T, Eghbalian, F, Ekholuenetale, M, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, M, Elsharkawy, A, Enany, S, Enyew, D, Erkhembayar, R, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Ezzikouri, S, Farrokhpour, H, Fetensa, G, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gaidhane, S, Galles, N, Gallus, S, Gebremeskel, T, Gebreyohannes, E, Ghadiri, K, Ghaffari, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S, Ghashghaee, A, Gholami, A, Gholizadeh, A, Gilani, A, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gorini, G, Goshu, Y, Griswold, M, Gubari, M, Gupta, B, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Haddadi, R, Halwani, R, Hamid, S, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Haque, S, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Hariri, S, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, S, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Heyi, D, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Huang, J, Hussein, N, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irham, L, Islam, J, Ismail, N, Jacobsen, K, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Javadi Mamaghani, A, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jha, R, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalhor, R, Kandel, H, Kanko, T, Kantar, R, Karaye, I, Kassa, B, Kemp Bohan, P, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khan, G, Khan, I, Khan, J, Khan, M, Khanali, J, Khater, A, Khatib, M, Khodadost, M, Khoja, A, Khosravizadeh, O, Khubchandani, J, Kim, G, Kim, H, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kocarnik, J, Kolahi, A, Koteeswaran, R, Kumar, G, La Vecchia, C, Lal, D, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lazarus, J, Ledda, C, Lee, D, Lee, S, Lee, Y, Levi, M, Li, J, Lim, S, Lobo, S, Lopukhov, P, Loureiro, J, Maclachlan, J, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekpour, M, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, M, Martins-Melo, F, Matthews, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Minh, L, Mirica, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, E, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Mohamadkhani, A, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, S, Moka, N, Mokdad, A, Moludi, J, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Muniyandi, M, Murray, C, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, M, Narasimha Swamy, S, Natto, Z, Nayak, B, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Negru, S, Nejadghaderi, S, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, H, Ngwa, C, Niazi, R, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nowroozi, A, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Ochir, C, Odukoya, O, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olakunde, B, Omar Bali, A, Omer, E, Otstavnov, S, Oumer, B, Padubidri, J, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Park, E, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, U, Paudel, U, Petcu, I, Piracha, Z, Pollok, R, Postma, M, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rafiei, A, Rafiei, S, Raghuram, P, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rahmawaty, S, Rajesh, A, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rashidi, M, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Rezazadeh-Khadem, S, Rodriguez, J, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Saeb, M, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Sampath, C, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanmarchi, F, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Seidu, A, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, M, Shannawaz, M, Shenoy, S, Shetty, J, Shetty, P, Shibuya, K, Shin, J, Shobeiri, P, Sibhat, M, Singh, A, Singh, J, Singh, S, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sohrabpour, A, Song, S, Tabaeian, S, Tadesse, E, Taheri, M, Tampa, M, Tan, K, Tavakoli, A, Tbakhi, A, Tefera, B, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tesfaw, H, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Tohidast, S, Tollosa, D, Tosti, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, M, Trihandini, I, Tusa, B, Ullah, I, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Varthya, S, Vo, B, Waheed, Y, Weldesenbet, A, Woldemariam, M, Xu, S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yaseri, M, Yeshaw, Y, Yigit, V, Yirdaw, B, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zahir, M, Zaki, L, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, M, Vos, T, Ward, J, Dirac, M, Sheena B. S., Hiebert L., Han H., Ippolito H., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbasi-Kangevari Z., Abbastabar H., Abdoli A., Abubaker Ali H., Adane M. M., Adegboye O. A., Adnani Q. E. S., Advani S. M., Afzal M. S., Afzal S., Aghaie Meybodi M., Ahadinezhad B., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi S., Ahmed H., Ahmed M. B., Rashid T. A., Akalu G. T., Aklilu A., Akram T., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Alem A., Alem D. T., Alhalaiqa F. A. N., Alhassan R. K., Ali L., Ali M. A., Alimohamadi Y., Alipour V., Alkhayyat M., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Altawalah H., Amini S., Amu H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C. L., Andrei T., Anoushiravani A., Ansar A., Anyasodor A. E., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Argaw A. M., Argaw Z. G., Arshad M., Artamonov A. A., Ashraf T., Atlaw D., Ausloos F., Ausloos M., Azadnajafabad S., Azangou-Khyavy M., Azari Jafari A., Azarian G., Bagheri S., Bahadory S., Baig A. A., Banach M., Barati N., Barrow A., Batiha A. -M. M., Bejarano Ramirez D. F., Belgaumi U. I., Berhie A. Y., Bhagat D. S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja V. S., Bijani A., Biondi A., Bodicha B. B. A., Bojia H. A., Boloor A., Bosetti C., Braithwaite D., Briko N. I., Butt Z. A., Camera L. A., Chakinala R. C., Chakraborty P. A., Charan J., Chen S., Choi J. -Y. J., Choudhari S. G., Chowdhury F. R., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Cortesi P. A., Cowie B. C., Culbreth G. T., Dadras O., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., De La Hoz F. P., Debela S. A., Dedefo M. G., Demeke F. M., Demie T. G. G., Demissie G. D., Derbew Molla M., Desta A. A., Dhamnetiya D., Dhimal M. L., Dhimal M., Didehdar M., Doan L. P., Dorostkar F., Drake T. M., Eghbalian F., Ekholuenetale M., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elhadi M., Elmonem M. A., Elsharkawy A., Enany S., Enyew D. B., Erkhembayar R., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Ezzikouri S., Farrokhpour H., Fetensa G., Fischer F., Foroutan M., Gad M. M., Gaidhane A. M., Gaidhane S., Galles N. C., Gallus S., Gebremeskel T. G., Gebreyohannes E. A., Ghadiri K., Ghaffari K., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari S. -H., Ghashghaee A., Gholami A., Gholizadeh A., Gilani A., Goel A., Golechha M., Goleij P., Golinelli D., Gorini G., Goshu Y. A., Griswold M. G., Gubari M. I. M., Gupta B., Gupta S., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Haddadi R., Halwani R., Hamid S. S., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Haque S., Harapan H., Hargono A., Hariri S., Hasaballah A. I., Hasan S. M. M., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari G., Herteliu C., Heyi D. Z., Hezam K., Holla R., Hosseini M. -S., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Househ M., Huang J., Hussein N. R., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Irham L. M., Islam J. Y., Ismail N. E., Jacobsen K. H., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Javadi Mamaghani A., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jebai R., Jha R. P., Joseph N., Joukar F., Kaambwa B., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kalhor R., Kandel H., Kanko T. K. T., Kantar R. S., Karaye I. M., Kassa B. G., Kemp Bohan P. M., Keykhaei M., Khader Y. S., Khajuria H., Khan G., Khan I. A., Khan J., Khan M. A., Khanali J., Khater A. M., Khatib M. N., Khodadost M., Khoja A. T., Khosravizadeh O., Khubchandani J., Kim G. R., Kim H., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kocarnik J. M., Kolahi A. -A., Koteeswaran R., Kumar G. A., La Vecchia C., Lal D. K., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lazarus J. V., Ledda C., Lee D. W., Lee S. -W., Lee Y. Y., Levi M., Li J., Lim S. S., Lobo S. W., Lopukhov P. D., Loureiro J. A., MacLachlan J. H., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Majeed A., Makki A., Malekpour M. -R., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansournia M. A., Martins-Melo F. R., Matthews P. C., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Meretoja T. J., Mersha A. G., Mestrovic T., Miller T. R., Minh L. H. N., Mirica A., Mirmoeeni S., Mirrakhimov E. M., Misra S., Mithra P., Moazen B., Mohamadkhani A., Mohammadi M., Mohammed S., Moka N., Mokdad A. H., Moludi J., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Moradi G., Moradzadeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mostafavi E., Mubarik S., Muniyandi M., Murray C. J. L., Naghavi M., Naimzada M. D., Narasimha Swamy S., Natto Z. S., Nayak B. P., Nazari J., Negoi I., Negru S. M., Nejadghaderi S. A., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen H. L. T., Ngwa C. H., Niazi R. K., Nnaji C. A., Noubiap J. J., Nowroozi A., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Ochir C., Odukoya O. O., Oh I. -H., Olagunju A. T., Olakunde B. O., Omar Bali A., Omer E., Otstavnov S. S., Oumer B., Padubidri J. R., Pana A., Pandey A., Park E. -C., Pashazadeh Kan F., Patel U. K., Paudel U., Petcu I. -R., Piracha Z. Z., Pollok R. C. G., Postma M. J., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Rafiei A., Rafiei S., Raghuram P. M., Rahman M., Rahmani A. M., Rahmawaty S., Rajesh A., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rashidi M., Rashidi M. -M., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Rezazadeh-Khadem S., Rodriguez J. A. B., Rwegerera G. M., Sabour S., Saddik B., Saeb M. R., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Saif-Ur-Rahman K. M., Salahi S., Salimzadeh H., Sampath C., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sanmarchi F., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Seidu A. -A., Sepanlou S. G., Seylani A., Shahabi S., Shaikh M. A., Shaker E., Shakhmardanov M. Z., Shannawaz M., Shenoy S. M., Shetty J. K., Shetty P. H., Shibuya K., Shin J. I., Shobeiri P., Sibhat M. M., Singh A. D., Singh J. A., Singh S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Sohrabpour A. A., Song S., Tabaeian S. P., Tadesse E. G., Taheri M., Tampa M., Tan K. -K., Tavakoli A., Tbakhi A., Tefera B. N., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tesfaw H. M., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Tohidast S. A., Tollosa D. N., Tosti M. E., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran M. T. N., Trihandini I., Tusa B. S., Ullah I., Vacante M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Varthya S. B., Vo B., Waheed Y., Weldesenbet A. B., Woldemariam M., Xu S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yaseri M., Yeshaw Y., Yigit V., Yirdaw B. W., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zahir M., Zaki L., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zastrozhin M. S., Vos T., Ward J. W., Dirac M. A., Sheena, B, Hiebert, L, Han, H, Ippolito, H, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbastabar, H, Abdoli, A, Abubaker Ali, H, Adane, M, Adegboye, O, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Aghaie Meybodi, M, Ahadinezhad, B, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, M, Rashid, T, Akalu, G, Aklilu, A, Akram, T, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alem, A, Alem, D, Alhalaiqa, F, Alhassan, R, Ali, L, Ali, M, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Alkhayyat, M, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Altawalah, H, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Anoushiravani, A, Ansar, A, Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Argaw, A, Argaw, Z, Arshad, M, Artamonov, A, Ashraf, T, Atlaw, D, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Azari Jafari, A, Azarian, G, Bagheri, S, Bahadory, S, Baig, A, Banach, M, Barati, N, Barrow, A, Batiha, A, Bejarano Ramirez, D, Belgaumi, U, Berhie, A, Bhagat, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bodicha, B, Bojia, H, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, Butt, Z, Camera, L, Chakinala, R, Chakraborty, P, Charan, J, Chen, S, Choi, J, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, F, Chu, D, Chung, S, Cortesi, P, Cowie, B, Culbreth, G, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, De La Hoz, F, Debela, S, Dedefo, M, Demeke, F, Demie, T, Demissie, G, Derbew Molla, M, Desta, A, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, M, Didehdar, M, Doan, L, Dorostkar, F, Drake, T, Eghbalian, F, Ekholuenetale, M, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, M, Elsharkawy, A, Enany, S, Enyew, D, Erkhembayar, R, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Ezzikouri, S, Farrokhpour, H, Fetensa, G, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gaidhane, S, Galles, N, Gallus, S, Gebremeskel, T, Gebreyohannes, E, Ghadiri, K, Ghaffari, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S, Ghashghaee, A, Gholami, A, Gholizadeh, A, Gilani, A, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gorini, G, Goshu, Y, Griswold, M, Gubari, M, Gupta, B, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Haddadi, R, Halwani, R, Hamid, S, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Haque, S, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Hariri, S, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, S, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Heyi, D, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Huang, J, Hussein, N, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irham, L, Islam, J, Ismail, N, Jacobsen, K, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Javadi Mamaghani, A, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jha, R, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalhor, R, Kandel, H, Kanko, T, Kantar, R, Karaye, I, Kassa, B, Kemp Bohan, P, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khan, G, Khan, I, Khan, J, Khan, M, Khanali, J, Khater, A, Khatib, M, Khodadost, M, Khoja, A, Khosravizadeh, O, Khubchandani, J, Kim, G, Kim, H, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kocarnik, J, Kolahi, A, Koteeswaran, R, Kumar, G, La Vecchia, C, Lal, D, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lazarus, J, Ledda, C, Lee, D, Lee, S, Lee, Y, Levi, M, Li, J, Lim, S, Lobo, S, Lopukhov, P, Loureiro, J, Maclachlan, J, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekpour, M, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, M, Martins-Melo, F, Matthews, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Minh, L, Mirica, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, E, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Mohamadkhani, A, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, S, Moka, N, Mokdad, A, Moludi, J, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Muniyandi, M, Murray, C, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, M, Narasimha Swamy, S, Natto, Z, Nayak, B, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Negru, S, Nejadghaderi, S, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, H, Ngwa, C, Niazi, R, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nowroozi, A, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Ochir, C, Odukoya, O, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olakunde, B, Omar Bali, A, Omer, E, Otstavnov, S, Oumer, B, Padubidri, J, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Park, E, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, U, Paudel, U, Petcu, I, Piracha, Z, Pollok, R, Postma, M, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rafiei, A, Rafiei, S, Raghuram, P, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rahmawaty, S, Rajesh, A, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rashidi, M, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Rezazadeh-Khadem, S, Rodriguez, J, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Saeb, M, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Sampath, C, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanmarchi, F, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Seidu, A, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, M, Shannawaz, M, Shenoy, S, Shetty, J, Shetty, P, Shibuya, K, Shin, J, Shobeiri, P, Sibhat, M, Singh, A, Singh, J, Singh, S, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sohrabpour, A, Song, S, Tabaeian, S, Tadesse, E, Taheri, M, Tampa, M, Tan, K, Tavakoli, A, Tbakhi, A, Tefera, B, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tesfaw, H, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Tohidast, S, Tollosa, D, Tosti, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, M, Trihandini, I, Tusa, B, Ullah, I, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Varthya, S, Vo, B, Waheed, Y, Weldesenbet, A, Woldemariam, M, Xu, S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yaseri, M, Yeshaw, Y, Yigit, V, Yirdaw, B, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zahir, M, Zaki, L, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, M, Vos, T, Ward, J, Dirac, M, Sheena B. 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H., Yaseri M., Yeshaw Y., Yigit V., Yirdaw B. W., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zahir M., Zaki L., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zastrozhin M. S., Vos T., Ward J. W., and Dirac M. A.
Abstract: Background: Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to HBV, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This included estimates for 194 WHO member states, for which we compared our estimates to WHO elimination targets. Methods: The primary data sources were population-based serosurveys, claims and hospital discharges, cancer registries, vital registration systems, and published case series. We estimated chronic HBV infection and the burden of HBV-related diseases, defined as an aggregate of cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, and acute hepatitis B. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool, to estimate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and aetiological proportions of cirrhosis. We used mortality-to-incidence ratios modelled with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to estimate the incidence of liver cancer. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) model, a tool that selects models and covariates on the basis of out-of-sample performance, to estimate mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute hepatitis B. Findings: In 2019, the estimated global, all-age prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 4·1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·7 to 4·5), corresponding to 316 million (284 to 351) infected people. There was a 31·3% (29·0 to 33·9) decline in all-age prevalence between 1990 and 2019, with a more marked decline of 76·8% (76·2 to 77·5) in prevalence in children younger than 5 years. HBV-related diseases resulted in 555 0
Published: 2022

6. Systematic gene deletion and functional characterization of histidine kinase phosphorelay receptors (HKRs) in the human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus

Author: Chapeland-Leclerc, F., Dilmaghani, A., Ez-Zaki, L., Boisnard, S., Da Silva, B., Gaslonde, T., Porée, F.H., and Ruprich-Robert, G.
Published: 2015
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7. Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000-2018

Author: Bhattacharjee, NV, Schaeffer, LE, Hay, SI, Lu, D, Schipp, MF, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Donkers, KM, Abady, GG, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abebo, ZH, Abejie, AN, Abosetugn, AE, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Adamu, AL, Adedeji, IA, Adegbosin, AE, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Agudelo-Botero, M, Aji, B, Akinyemi, OO, Alamneh, AA, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Albright, J, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Alemu, BW, Alhassan, RK, Ali, BA, Ali, S, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Anbesu, EW, Ancuceanu, R, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Antonio, CAT, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arora, A, Artanti, KD, Asemahagn, MA, Asmare, WN, Atout, MMW, Ausloos, M, Awoke, N, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayanore, MA, Aynalem, YA, Ayza, MA, Azene, ZN, Darshan, BB, Badiye, AD, Baig, AA, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Bärnighausen, TW, Basaleem, H, Bayati, M, Baye, BA, Bedi, N, Belay, SA, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Birhan, TA, Birihane, BM, Bitew, ZW, Bohlouli, S, Bohluli, M, Bojia, HA, Boloor, A, Brady, OJ, Bragazzi, NL, Brunoni, AR, Budhathoki, SS, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, Cárdenas, R, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castro, F, Cernigliaro, A, Charan, J, Chatterjee, P, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, S, Chowdhury, MAK, Chu, D-T, Collison, ML, Cook, AJ, Cork, MA, Couto, RAS, Dagnew, B, Dai, H, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darwesh, AM, Darwish, AH, Daryani, A, Das, JK, Gupta, RD, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davis, AC, Weaver, ND, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Deribe, K, Desalew, A, Deshpande, A, Dessie, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, GP, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Dipeolu, IO, Doan, LP, Duko, B, Duraes, AR, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Earl, L, Zaki, MES, Tantawi, ME, Elema, TB, Elhabashy, HR, El-Jaafary, SI, Faris, PS, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Feigin, VL, Feleke, BE, Ferede, TY, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Franklin, RC, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, S, Gardner, WM, Geberemariyam, BS, Gebregiorgis, BG, Gebremedhin, KB, 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Quintanilla B.P.A., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Ayza M.A., Azene Z.N., Darshan B.B., Badiye A.D., Baig A.A., Bakkannavar S.M., Banach M., Banik P.C., Barnighausen T.W., Basaleem H., Bayati M., Baye B.A., Bedi N., Belay S.A., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Birhan T.A., Birihane B.M., Bitew Z.W., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Bojia H.A., Boloor A., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Brunoni A.R., Budhathoki S.S., Nagaraja S.B., Butt Z.A., Cardenas R., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castro F., Cernigliaro A., Charan J., Chatterjee P., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Chowdhury M.A.K., Chu D.-T., Collison M.L., Cook A.J., Cork M.A., Couto R.A.S., Dagnew B., Dai H., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Darwesh A.M., Darwish A.H., Daryani A., Das J.K., Gupta R.D., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davis A.C., Weaver N.D., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Desalew A., Deshpande A., Dessie A., Deuba K., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhimal M., Dhungana G.P., Diaz D., Didarloo A., Dipeolu I.O., Doan L.P., Duko B., Duraes A.R., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Earl L., Zaki M.E.S., Tantawi M.E., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., Faris P.S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Feigin V.L., Feleke B.E., Ferede T.Y., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Franklin R.C., Gad M.M., Gaidhane S., Gardner W.M., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebregiorgis B.G., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremichael B., Ghaffarpasand F., Gilani S.A., Ginindza T.G., Glagn M., Golechha M., Gonfa K.B., Goulart B.N.G., Gudi N., Guido D., Guled R.A., Guo Y., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Hasaballah A.I., Hassan A., Hayat K., Hegazy M.I., Heidari B., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., de Hidru H.D., Ho H.C., Hoang C.L., Holla R., Hon J., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hsairi M., Hu G., Huda T.M., Hwang B.-F., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Islam M.M., Iwu C.C.D., Iwu C.J., Jain A., Janodia M.D., Javaheri T., John-Akinola Y.O., Johnson K.B., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamyari N., Kanchan O.T., Kapoor N., Matin B.K., Karimi S.E., Kasaye H.K., Kassahun G., Kassebaum N.J., Kayode G.A., Karyani A.K., Keiyoro P.N., Kelkay B., Khalid N., Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khatib M.N., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinyoki D.K., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kosen S., Krishan K., Kulkarni V., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Kumar N., Kumar P., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Vecchia C.L., Lad S.D., Lami F.H., Landires I., Lansingh V.C., Lasrado S., Lee P.H., LeGrand K.E., Letourneau I.D., Lewycka S., Li B., Li M.-C., Li S., Liu X., Lodha R., Lopez J.C.F., Louie C., Machado D.B., Maled V., Maleki S., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Manafi N., Mansournia M.A., Mapoma C.C., Marczak L.B., Martins-Melo F.R., Mehndiratta M.M., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Mekonnen T.C., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha E.W., Mersha A.M., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirrakhimov E.M., Misra S., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad D.K., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed J.A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Montero-Zamora P.A., Moradi M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosser J.F., Mousavi S.M., Khaneghah A.M., Munro S.B., Muriithi M.K., Mustafa G., Muthupandian S., Nagarajan A.J., Naik G., Naimzada M.D., Nangia V., Nascimento B.R., Nayak V.C., Ndejjo R., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen D.N., Nguyen H.L.T., Nigussie S.N., Nigussie T.T.N., Nikbakhsh R., Nnaji C.A., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Oghenetega O.B., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Omer M.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Osgood-Zimmerman A.E., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Owolabi M.O., Mahesh P.A., Padubidri J.R., Pana A., Pandey A., Pandi-Perumal S.R., Pangaribuan H.U., Parsekar S.S., Pasupula D.K., Patel U.K., Pathak A., Pathak M., Pattanshetty S.M., Patton G.C., Paulos K., Pepito V.C.F., Pickering B.V., Pinheiro M., Piwoz E.G., Pokhrel K.N., Pourjafar H., Prada S.I., Pribadi D.R.A., Syed Z.Q., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Rahim F., Rahimzadeh S., Rahman A., Rahman M.H.U., Rahmani A.M., Rai R.K., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S.J., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Rawat R., Regassa L.D., Rego M.A.S., Reiner R.C., Reshmi B., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A.I., Rickard J., Roever L., Rumisha S.F., Rwegerera G.M., Sagar R., Sajadi S.M., Salem M.R., Samy A.M., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarker A.R., Sartorius B., Sathian B., Saxena D., Sbarra A.N., Sengupta D., Senthilkumaran S., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shalash A.S., Shannawaz M., Sheikh A., Shetty B.S.K., Shetty R.S., Shibuya K., Shiferaw W.S., Shin J.I., Silva D.A.S., Singh N.P., Singh P., Singh S., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Soheili A., Soltani S., Sorrie M.B., Spurlock E.E., Steuben K.M., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Swartz S.J., Tadesse E.G., Tamiru A.T., Tapak L., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Tesema G.A., Tesfay F.H., Teshome A., Tessema Z.T., Thankappan K.R., Thapar R., Thomas N., Topor-Madry R., Tovani-Palone M.R., Traini E., Tran B.X., Truong P.N., Tsegaye B.T.B.T., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Uzochukwu B.S.C., VanderHeide J.D., Violante F.S., Vo B., Wado Y.D., Waheed Y., Wamai R.G., Wang F., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wiens K.E., Wiysonge C.S., Woyczynski L., Wu A.-M., Wu C., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y.G., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yosef T., Younis M.Z., Yousuf A.Y., Yu C., Yu Y., Yuce D., Zafar S., Zaidi S.S., Zaki L., Zakzuk J., Zamanian M., Zar H.J., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zelellw D.A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Zhao X.-J.G., Zodpey S., Zuniga Y.M.H., Collaborators, Local Burden of Disease Exclusive Breastfeeding, and Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto
Subjects: RJ101, Psychological intervention, Breastfeeding, Social Sciences, geography, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, Prevalence, Psychology, policy making, 030212 general & internal medicine, Policy Making, humans, media_common, CHILD GROWTH FAILURE, Developing world, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Psychology, Biological, Geography, Psychology, Experimental, Health Status Disparitie, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Breast Feeding, breast feeding, Scale (social sciences), Science & Technology - Other Topics, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, AFRICA, Social Psychology, Inequality, spatial analysis, media_common.quotation_subject, public policy, Population, prevalence, Public policy, Developing country, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Public Policy, Local Burden of Disease Exclusive Breastfeeding Collaborators, Article, Developing Countrie, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, Humans, Nutrition disorders, education, Developing Countries, 030304 developmental biology, Spatial Analysis, Science & Technology, Neurosciences, Health Status Disparities, developing countries, health status disparities, Risk factors, Neurosciences & Neurology, Breast feeding
Abstract: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)—giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life—is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for example, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) of ≥70% EBF prevalence by 2030. While six LMICs are projected to meet the WHO GNT of ≥70% EBF prevalence at a national scale, only three are predicted to meet the target in all their district-level units by 2030., Bhattacharjee and Schaeffer et al. map exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in 94 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), finding increased EBF practice and reduced subnational variation across the majority of LMICs from 2000 to 2018. However, only six LMICs will meet WHO’s target of ≥70% EBF by 2030 nationally, and only three will achieve this in all districts.
Published: 2021

8. Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

Author: Kinyoki, D, Ross, J, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Munro, S, Schaeffer, L, Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M, Abbasi, M, Abbastabar, H, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, N, Abebo, T, Abegaz, K, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abushouk, A, Accrombessi, M, Acharya, D, Adabi, M, Adebiyi, A, Adedeji, I, Adekanmbi, V, Adeoye, A, Adetokunboh, O, Adham, D, Aduroja, P, Advani, S, Afarideh, M, Aghaali, M, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, R, Ajumobi, O, Akal, C, Akalu, T, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, S, Alamene, G, Alanzi, T, Rabanal, J, Alema, N, Ali, B, Ali, M, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Amare, A, Amegah, A, Amini, S, Rarani, M, Amiri, F, Amit, A, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, Z, Antonio, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Araya, E, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Arnlov, J, Arzani, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Asgari, S, Asghari, B, Ashagre, A, Asrat, A, Ataeinia, B, Atalay, H, Atnafu, D, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Azadmehr, A, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Azene, Z, Babaee, E, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Bahrami, M, Baig, A, Bakhtiari, A, Bakkannavar, S, Balakrishnan, S, Bali, A, Banach, M, Banik, P, Baradaran-Seyed, Z, Baraki, A, Barboza, M, Barnighausen, T, Barua, L, Basaleem, H, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bayih, M, Baynes, H, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, Y, Bennett, D, Berbada, D, Berhe, K, Berhe, A, Berman, A, Bernstein, R, Bhageerathy, R, Bhandari, D, Bharadwaj, P, Bhattacharjee, N, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bilano, V, Bililign, N, Sayeed, M, Birara, S, Birhane, M, Birhanu, M, Biswas, R, Bitew, Z, Bogale, K, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Borzi, A, Borzouei, S, Brady, O, Bragazzi, N, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, 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El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elemineh, D, El-Jaafary, S, El-Khatib, Z, Elsharkawy, A, El-Sherbiny, Y, Elyazar, I, Emamian, M, Enany, S, Endalew, D, Endalifer, M, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esteghamati, A, Etemadi, A, Etisso, A, Fanzo, J, Farahmand, M, Faraj, A, Farashi, S, Fareed, M, Farioli, A, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Farzam, H, Fatima, S, Fattahi, N, Fauk, N, Fazaeli, A, Fentahun, N, Ferede, T, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flohr, C, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Forster, J, Francis, J, Fukumoto, T, Gayesa, R, Geberemariyam, B, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebremariam, H, Gebremariam, K, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremeskel, G, Gebreslassie, A, Gebretsadik, G, Gedefaw, G, Geramo, Y, Gesesew, H, Geta, B, Getenet, A, Gezae, K, Ghaffarifar, F, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghajarzadeh, M, Ghashghaee, A, Ghiasvand, H, Gholamian, A, Gilani, S, Gill, T, Ginawi, I, Goli, S, Gomes, N, Gopalani, S, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, A, 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T., Filip I., Fischer F., Flohr C., Foigt N. A., Folayan M. O., Fomenkov A. A., Foroutan M., Forster J., Francis J. M., Fukumoto T., Gayesa R. T., Geberemariyam B. S., Gebrehiwot T. T., Gebremariam H., Gebremariam K. T., Gebremedhin K. B. B., Gebremeskel G. G., Gebreslassie A. A. A., Gebretsadik G. G. G., Gedefaw G. A., Geramo Y. C. D., Gesesew H. A., Geta B., Getenet A. B., Gezae K. E., Ghaffarifar F., Ghafourifard M., Ghajar A., Ghajarzadeh M., Ghashghaee A., Ghiasvand H., Gholamian A., Gilani S. A., Gill T. K., Ginawi I. A., Goli S., Gomes N. G. M., Gopalani S. V., Goudarzi H., Goulart A. C., Govindakarnavar A., Grada A., Grivna M., Guimaraes R. A., Guled R. A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile M. T., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hall B. J., Halvaei I., Hamadeh R. R., Hamidi Y., Handiso D. W., Hankey G. J., Haririan H., Hariyani N., Hasaballah A. I., Hasan M. M., Hasankhani M., Hasanpoor E., Hasanzadeh A., Hashemian M., Hassanipour S., Hassen H. Y., Havmoeller R., Hawkes C., Hayat K., Hayelom D. H., Heidari B., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Hendrie D., Henok A., Henry N. J., Herrero M., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., de Hidru H. D., Hoang C. L., Hoek H. W., Hole M. K., Holla R., Hollerich G., Rad E. H., Hong S. H., Hoogar P., Horino M., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Housseh M., Hsairi M., Hu G., Huda T. M., Humayun A., Hwang B. -F., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic M. D., Imani-Nasab M. H., Inbaraj L. R., Iqbal U., Irvani S. S. N., Islam S. M. S., Iwu C. C. D., Iwu C. J., Izadi N., Jaafari J., Jaca A., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Balalami N. J., Jafarinia M., Jahani M. A., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Jalilian F., Jayatilleke A. U., Jeemon P., Jehan F., Jenabi E., Jha R. P., Jha V., Ji J. S., Jia P., John O., John-Akinola Y. O., Johnson K. B., Jonas J. B., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jozwiak J. J., Jungari S. B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kahsay A., Kahssay M., Kalani H., Kalankesh L. L., Kalhor R., Kamiab Z., Kanchan T., Kapil U., Kapoor N., Karami M., Matin B. K., Karch A., Karim M. A., Karki S., Kasaeian A., Kasahun G. G., Kasaye H. K., Kassa T. D., Kassaye H. G., Kassebaum N. J., Karyani A. K., Kengne A. P., Ketema D. B., Khader Y. S., Khafaie M. A., Khaksarian M., Khalid N., Khalil I. A., Khalilov R., Khan A., Khan E. A., Khan M. N., Khan M. S., Khatab K., Khater A., Khater M. M., Khatib M. N., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaei-Pool M., Khazaei M., Khazaei S., Khodayari M. T., Khosravi M. H., Khundkar R., Kiadaliri A., Kianipour N., Kiirithio D. N., Kim Y. J., Kimokoti R. W., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kolola T., Komaki H., Kondlahalli S. K. M., Koolivand A., Koul P. A., Koyanagi A., Kraemer M. U. G., Krishan K., Krohn K. J., Kugbey N., Kumar M., Kumar P., Kumar V., Kurmi O. P., Kuti O., Vecchia C. L., Lacey B., Lad D. P., Lal A., Lal D. K., Lami F. H., Lamichhane P., Lang J. J., Lansingh V. C., Lasrado S., Lebedev G., Lee P. H., Lee S. W. H., Leili M., Letourneau I. D., Lewycka S., Li S., Lim L. -L., Linn S., Liu S., Lodha R., Longbottom J., Lopez J. C. F., Lorkowski S., Macarayan E. R. K., Madadin M., El Razek H. M. A., El Razek M. M. A., Maghavani D. P., Mahasha P. W., Mahotra N. B., Maled V., Maleki A., Maleki S., Malta D. C., Manafi A., Manafi F., Manafi N., Manohar N. D., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansournia M. A., Mapoma C. C., Marami D., Marczak L. B., Arnedo C. A. M., Martins-Melo F. R., Masaka A., Massenburg B. B., Maulik P. K., Mayala B. K., Mazidi M., Mehndiratta M. M., Mehri F., Mehta K. M., Meitei W. B., Mekonnen F. A., Mekonnen T., Meles G. G., Meles H. G., Melese A., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha M. B., Mensah G. A., Meretoja T. J., Miazgowski T., Kostova N. M., Miller T. R., Mills E. J., Mini G. K., Mir S. M., Miri M., Mirjalali H., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei R., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mithra P., Moazen B., Mohamadi E., Mohamadi-Bolbanabad A., Mohammad K. A., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D. K., Darwesh A. M., Mezerji N. M. G., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M., Mohammadoo-Khorasani M., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Mohammed J. A., Mohammed A. S., Mohebi F., Mokari A., Mokdad A. H., Montanez J. C., Montero-Zamora P. A., Moodley Y., Moossavi M., Moradi G., Moradi M., Moradi Y., Moradi-Joo M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradpour F., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morrison S. D., Mosapour A., Mosser J. F., Mouodi S., Khaneghah A. M., Mozaffarian D., Mueller U. O., Murray C. J. L., Murthy G. V. S., Musa K. I., Mustafa G., Muthupandian S., Nabavizadeh B., Naderi M., Nadkarni G. N., Nagarajan A. J., Naghavi M., Naheed A., Naik G., Najafi F., Nansseu J. R., Narayan K. M. V., Nascimento B. R., Nayak V., Nazari J., Ndwandwe D. E., Negoi I., Negoi R. I., Ngunjiri J. W., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen H. L. T., Nigatu D., Nigatu Y. T., Nikbakhsh R., Ningrum D. N. A., Nnaji C. A., Nong V. M., Noubiap J. J., Nowak C., Oancea B., Ofori-Asenso R., Oghenetega O. B., Oh I. -H., Oladimeji O., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A. T., Olagunju T. O., Olusanya B. O., Olusanya J. O., Oluwasanu M. M., Omer M. O., Onwujekwe O. E., Asante K. O., Oren E., Orisakwe O. E., Ortiz A., Osarenotor O., Osgood-Zimmerman A. E., Owolabi M. O., P. A M., Padubidri J. R., Pakshir K., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Parsian H., Pashaei T., Pasupula D. K., Patel S. K., Pathak A., Pathak M., Pati S., Patle A., Patton G. C., Paulos K., Toroudi H. P., Pepito V. C. F., Perico N., Petri W. A., Pickering B. V., Pigott D. M., Pirestani M., Piroozi B., Pirsaheb M., Pokhrel K. N., Postma M. J., Pourjafar H., Pourmalek F., Kalhori R. P., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Prada S. I., Preotescu L., Pribadi D. R. A., Syed Z. Q., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M. A., Rahman S., Rai R. K., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Rajati F., Ramezanzadeh K., Rana S. M., Ranabhat C. L., Rao S. J., Rasella D., Rashedi V., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D. 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R., VanderHeide J., Varavikova E., Varughese S., Vasankari T. J., Vasseghian Y., Veisani Y., Venkatesh S., Venketasubramanian N., Verma M., Vidale S., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vollmer S., Vukovic R., Waheed Y., Wang H., Wang Y., Wang Y. -P., Weldesamuel G. T., Werdecker A., Wiangkham T., Wiens K. E., Wijeratne T., Wolde H. F., Wondafrash D. Z., Wonde T. E., Wondmieneh A. B., Wu A. -M., Xu G., Yadegar A., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S. H. Y., Yamada T., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeshaneh A., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y. G., Yilma M. T., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Youm Y., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yousof H. -A. S. A., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Moghadam T. Z., Zaki L., Zaman S. B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zarafshan H., Zepro N. B., Zerfu T. A., Zewale T. A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhao X. -J., Zodpey S., Zomorodian K., Zotor F. B., Afshin A., and Hay S. I.
Abstract: A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.
Published: 2020

9. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Vos, T, Lim, S, Abbafati, C, Abbas, K, Abbasi, M, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abolhassani, H, Aboyans, V, Abrams, E, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abu-Raddad, L, Abushouk, A, Acebedo, A, Ackerman, I, Adabi, M, Adamu, A, Adebayo, O, Adekanmbi, V, Adelson, J, Adetokunboh, O, Adham, D, Afshari, M, Afshin, A, Agardh, E, Agarwal, G, Agesa, K, Aghaali, M, Aghamir, S, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmadpour, E, Akalu, T, Akinyemi, R, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alam, S, Alam, T, Alanzi, T, Albertson, S, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Alema, N, Ali, M, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Amini, S, Amini-Rarani, M, Aminorroaya, A, Amiri, F, Amit, A, Amugsi, D, Amul, G, Anderlini, D, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Anjomshoa, M, 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R., Thomson A. M., Tohidinik H. R., Tonelli M., Topor-Madry R., Torre A. E., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R. R., Tran B. X., Travillian R., Troeger C. E., Truelsen T. C., Tsai A. C., Tsatsakis A., Tudor Car L., Tyrovolas S., Uddin R., Ullah S., Undurraga E. A., Unnikrishnan B., Vacante M., Vakilian A., Valdez P. R., Varughese S., Vasankari T. J., Vasseghian Y., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vollset S. E., Vongpradith A., Vukovic A., Vukovic R., Waheed Y., Walters M. K., Wang J., Wang Y., Wang Y. -P., Ward J. L., Watson A., Wei J., Weintraub R. G., Weiss D. J., Weiss J., Westerman R., Whisnant J. L., Whiteford H. A., Wiangkham T., Wiens K. E., Wijeratne T., Wilner L. B., Wilson S., Wojtyniak B., Wolfe C. D. A., Wool E. E., Wu A. -M., Wulf Hanson S., Wunrow H. Y., Xu G., Xu R., Yadgir S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yamagishi K., Yaminfirooz M., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yearwood J. A., Yeheyis T. Y., Yeshitila Y. G., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Yoosefi Lebni J., Younis M. Z., Younker T. P., Yousefi Z., Yousefifard M., Yousefinezhadi T., Yousuf A. Y., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zaki L., Zaman S. B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zangeneh A., Zastrozhin M. S., Zewdie K. A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhao J. T., Zhao Y., Zheng P., Zhou M., Ziapour A., Zimsen S. R. M., Naghavi M., and Murray C. J. L.
Abstract: Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw value
Published: 2020

10. Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Sheena, BS, Hiebert, L, Han, H, Ippolito, H, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbastabar, H, Abdoli, A, Ali, HA, Adane, MM, Adegboye, OA, Adnani, QES, Advani, SM, Afzal, MS, Afzal, S, Meybodi, MA, Ahadinezhad, B, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, MB, Rashid, TA, Akalu, GT, Aklilu, A, Akram, T, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alem, AZ, Alem, DT, Alhalaiqa, FAN, Alhassan, RK, Ali, L, Ali, MA, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Alkhayyat, M, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altawalah, H, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Anoushiravani, A, Ansar, A, Anyasodor, AE, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Argaw, AM, Argaw, ZG, Arshad, M, Artamonov, AA, Ashraf, T, Atlaw, D, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Jafari, AA, Azarian, G, Bagheri, S, Bahadory, S, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Barati, N, Barrow, A, Batiha, A-MM, Ramirez, DFB, Belgaumi, UI, Berhie, AY, Bhagat, DS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, VS, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bodicha, BBA, Bojia, HA, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Briko, NI, Butt, ZA, Camera, LA, Chakinala, RC, Chakraborty, PA, Charan, J, Chen, S, Choi, J-YJ, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, FR, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cortesi, PA, Cowie, BC, Culbreth, GT, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, De la Hoz, FP, Debela, SA, Dedefo, MG, Demeke, FM, Demie, TGG, Demissie, GD, Molla, MD, Desta, AA, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, ML, Dhimal, M, Didehdar, M, Doan, LP, Dorostkar, F, Drake, TM, Eghbalian, F, Ekholuenetale, M, El Sayed, I, Zaki, MES, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, MA, Elsharkawy, A, Enany, S, Enyew, DB, Erkhembayar, R, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Ezzikouri, S, Farrokhpour, H, Fetensa, G, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gaidhane, S, Galles, NC, Gallus, S, Gebremeskel, TG, Gebreyohannes, EA, Ghadiri, K, Ghaffari, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S-H, Ghashghaee, A, Gholami, A, Gholizadeh, A, Gilani, A, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gorini, G, Goshu, YA, Griswold, MG, Gubari, MIM, Gupta, B, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Haddadi, R, Halwani, R, Hamid, SS, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Haque, S, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Hariri, S, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, SMM, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Heyi, DZ, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hosseini, M-S, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Huang, J, Hussein, NR, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Irham, LM, Islam, JY, Ismail, NE, Jacobsen, KH, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Mamaghani, AJ, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jha, RP, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalhor, R, Kandel, H, Kanko, TKT, Kantar, RS, Karaye, IM, Kassa, BG, Bohan, PMK, Keykhaei, M, Khader, YS, Khajuria, H, Khan, G, Khan, IA, Khan, J, Ab Khan, M, Khanali, J, Khater, AM, Khatib, MN, Khodadost, M, Khoja, AT, Khosravizadeh, O, Khubchandani, J, Kim, GR, Kim, H, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kocarnik, JM, Kolahi, A-A, Koteeswaran, R, Kumar, GA, La Vecchia, C, Lal, DK, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lazarus, J, Ledda, C, Lee, DW, Lee, S-W, Lee, YY, Levi, M, Li, J, Lim, SS, Lobo, SW, Lopukhov, PD, Loureiro, JA, MacLachlan, JH, Razek, HMAE, Razek, MMAE, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekpour, M-R, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, MA, Martins-Melo, FR, Matthews, PC, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, TJ, Mersha, AG, Mestrovic, T, Miller, TR, Minh, LHN, Mirica, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, EM, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Mohamadkhani, A, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, S, Moka, N, Mokdad, AH, Moludi, J, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Muniyandi, M, Murray, CJL, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, MD, Swamy, SN, Natto, ZS, Nayak, BP, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Negru, SM, Nejadghaderi, SA, Kandel, SN, Nguyen, HLT, Ngwa, CH, Niazi, RK, Nnaji, CA, Noubiap, JJ, Nowroozi, A, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Ochir, C, Odukoya, OO, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Olakunde, BO, Bali, AO, Omer, E, Otstavnov, SS, Oumer, B, Padubidri, JR, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Park, E-C, Kan, FP, Patel, UK, Paudel, U, Petcu, I-R, Piracha, ZZ, Pollok, RCG, Postma, MJ, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rafiei, A, Rafiei, S, Raghuram, PM, Rahman, M, Rahmani, AM, Rahmawaty, S, Rajesh, A, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rao, SJ, Rashidi, M, Rashidi, M-M, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Rezazadeh-Khadem, S, Rodriguez, JAB, Rwegerera, GM, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Saeb, MR, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Sampath, C, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Sanmarchi, F, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Seidu, A-A, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, MA, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, MZ, Shannawaz, M, Shenoy, SM, Shetty, JK, Shetty, PH, Shibuya, K, Shin, JI, Shobeiri, P, Sibhat, MM, Singh, AD, Singh, JA, Singh, S, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sohrabpour, AA, Song, S, Tabaeian, SP, Tadesse, EG, Taheri, M, Tampa, M, Tan, K-K, Tavakoli, A, Tbakhi, A, Tefera, BN, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tesfaw, HM, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Tohidast, SA, Tollosa, DN, Tosti, ME, Tovani-Palone, MR, Traini, E, Mai, TNT, Trihandini, I, Tusa, BS, Ullah, I, Vacante, M, Tahbaz, SV, Valdez, PR, Varthya, SB, Vo, B, Waheed, Y, Weldesenbet, AB, Woldemariam, M, Xu, S, Jabbari, SHY, Yaseri, M, Yeshaw, Y, Yigit, V, Yirdaw, BW, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zahir, M, Zaki, L, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, MS, Vos, T, Ward, JW, Dirac, MA, Sheena, BS, Hiebert, L, Han, H, Ippolito, H, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbastabar, H, Abdoli, A, Ali, HA, Adane, MM, Adegboye, OA, Adnani, QES, Advani, SM, Afzal, MS, Afzal, S, Meybodi, MA, Ahadinezhad, B, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, MB, Rashid, TA, Akalu, GT, Aklilu, A, Akram, T, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alem, AZ, Alem, DT, Alhalaiqa, FAN, Alhassan, RK, Ali, L, Ali, MA, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Alkhayyat, M, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altawalah, H, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Anoushiravani, A, Ansar, A, Anyasodor, AE, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Argaw, AM, Argaw, ZG, Arshad, M, Artamonov, AA, Ashraf, T, Atlaw, D, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Jafari, AA, Azarian, G, Bagheri, S, Bahadory, S, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Barati, N, Barrow, A, Batiha, A-MM, Ramirez, DFB, Belgaumi, UI, Berhie, AY, Bhagat, DS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, VS, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bodicha, BBA, Bojia, HA, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Briko, NI, Butt, ZA, Camera, LA, Chakinala, RC, Chakraborty, PA, Charan, J, Chen, S, Choi, J-YJ, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, FR, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cortesi, PA, Cowie, BC, Culbreth, GT, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, De la Hoz, FP, Debela, SA, Dedefo, MG, Demeke, FM, Demie, TGG, Demissie, GD, Molla, MD, Desta, AA, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, ML, Dhimal, M, Didehdar, M, Doan, LP, Dorostkar, F, Drake, TM, Eghbalian, F, Ekholuenetale, M, El Sayed, I, Zaki, MES, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, MA, Elsharkawy, A, Enany, S, Enyew, DB, Erkhembayar, R, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Ezzikouri, S, Farrokhpour, H, Fetensa, G, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gaidhane, S, Galles, NC, Gallus, S, Gebremeskel, TG, Gebreyohannes, EA, Ghadiri, K, Ghaffari, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S-H, Ghashghaee, A, Gholami, A, Gholizadeh, A, Gilani, A, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gorini, G, Goshu, YA, Griswold, MG, Gubari, MIM, Gupta, B, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Haddadi, R, Halwani, R, Hamid, SS, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Haque, S, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Hariri, S, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, SMM, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Heyi, DZ, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hosseini, M-S, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Huang, J, Hussein, NR, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Irham, LM, Islam, JY, Ismail, NE, Jacobsen, KH, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Mamaghani, AJ, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jha, RP, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalhor, R, Kandel, H, Kanko, TKT, Kantar, RS, Karaye, IM, Kassa, BG, Bohan, PMK, Keykhaei, M, Khader, YS, Khajuria, H, Khan, G, Khan, IA, Khan, J, Ab Khan, M, Khanali, J, Khater, AM, Khatib, MN, Khodadost, M, Khoja, AT, Khosravizadeh, O, Khubchandani, J, Kim, GR, Kim, H, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kocarnik, JM, Kolahi, A-A, Koteeswaran, R, Kumar, GA, La Vecchia, C, Lal, DK, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lazarus, J, Ledda, C, Lee, DW, Lee, S-W, Lee, YY, Levi, M, Li, J, Lim, SS, Lobo, SW, Lopukhov, PD, Loureiro, JA, MacLachlan, JH, Razek, HMAE, Razek, MMAE, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekpour, M-R, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, MA, Martins-Melo, FR, Matthews, PC, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, TJ, Mersha, AG, Mestrovic, T, Miller, TR, Minh, LHN, Mirica, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, EM, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Mohamadkhani, A, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, S, Moka, N, Mokdad, AH, Moludi, J, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Muniyandi, M, Murray, CJL, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, MD, Swamy, SN, Natto, ZS, Nayak, BP, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Negru, SM, Nejadghaderi, SA, Kandel, SN, Nguyen, HLT, Ngwa, CH, Niazi, RK, Nnaji, CA, Noubiap, JJ, Nowroozi, A, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Ochir, C, Odukoya, OO, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Olakunde, BO, Bali, AO, Omer, E, Otstavnov, SS, Oumer, B, Padubidri, JR, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Park, E-C, Kan, FP, Patel, UK, Paudel, U, Petcu, I-R, Piracha, ZZ, Pollok, RCG, Postma, MJ, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rafiei, A, Rafiei, S, Raghuram, PM, Rahman, M, Rahmani, AM, Rahmawaty, S, Rajesh, A, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rao, SJ, Rashidi, M, Rashidi, M-M, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Rezazadeh-Khadem, S, Rodriguez, JAB, Rwegerera, GM, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Saeb, MR, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Sampath, C, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Sanmarchi, F, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Seidu, A-A, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, MA, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, MZ, Shannawaz, M, Shenoy, SM, Shetty, JK, Shetty, PH, Shibuya, K, Shin, JI, Shobeiri, P, Sibhat, MM, Singh, AD, Singh, JA, Singh, S, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sohrabpour, AA, Song, S, Tabaeian, SP, Tadesse, EG, Taheri, M, Tampa, M, Tan, K-K, Tavakoli, A, Tbakhi, A, Tefera, BN, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tesfaw, HM, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Tohidast, SA, Tollosa, DN, Tosti, ME, Tovani-Palone, MR, Traini, E, Mai, TNT, Trihandini, I, Tusa, BS, Ullah, I, Vacante, M, Tahbaz, SV, Valdez, PR, Varthya, SB, Vo, B, Waheed, Y, Weldesenbet, AB, Woldemariam, M, Xu, S, Jabbari, SHY, Yaseri, M, Yeshaw, Y, Yigit, V, Yirdaw, BW, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zahir, M, Zaki, L, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, MS, Vos, T, Ward, JW, and Dirac, MA
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to HBV, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This included estimates for 194 WHO member states, for which we compared our estimates to WHO elimination targets. METHODS: The primary data sources were population-based serosurveys, claims and hospital discharges, cancer registries, vital registration systems, and published case series. We estimated chronic HBV infection and the burden of HBV-related diseases, defined as an aggregate of cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, and acute hepatitis B. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool, to estimate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and aetiological proportions of cirrhosis. We used mortality-to-incidence ratios modelled with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to estimate the incidence of liver cancer. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) model, a tool that selects models and covariates on the basis of out-of-sample performance, to estimate mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute hepatitis B. FINDINGS: In 2019, the estimated global, all-age prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 4·1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·7 to 4·5), corresponding to 316 million (284 to 351) infected people. There was a 31·3% (29·0 to 33·9) decline in all-age prevalence between 1990 and 2019, with a more marked decline of 76·8% (76·2 to 77·5) in prevalence in children younger than 5 years. HBV-related diseases resulted in 555 0
Published: 2022

11. A study of smoking cessation in Egypt: Perspective for success

Author: El Shahat, H. M., Mobasher, A. A. M. T., Zaki, L. A., Fawzy, M. H., Nour, E. I. D., Lu, Rushan, editor, Mackay, Judith, editor, Niu, Shiru, editor, and Peto, Richard, editor
Published: 2000
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12. REFRIGERATION PERFORMANCE MODELING ON FLAKE ICE MACHINE.

Author: Pujianto, Andreas, Abrori, M. Zaki L., Sidhi, Sigit D. P., Prasetyo, Djoko, and Nurfauzi, Akhmad
Subjects: SUPERHEATING reactors, MACHINISTS, VAPOR compression cycle, REFRIGERATION & refrigerating machinery, ACQUISITION of data
Published: 2023

13. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Abbafati, C., Machado, D.B., Cislaghi, B., Salman, O.M., Karanikolos, M., McKee, M., Abbas, K.M., Brady, O.J., Larson, H.J., Trias-Llimós, S., Cummins, S., Langan, S.M., Sartorius, B., Hafiz, A., Jenabi, E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N., Borzouei, S., Azarian, G., Khazaei, S., Abbasi, M., Asghari, B., Masoumi, S., Komaki, H., Taherkhani, A., Adabi, M., Abbasifard, M., Bazmandegan, G., Kamiab, Z., Vakilian, A., Anjomshoa, M., Mokari, A., Sabour, S., Shahbaz, M., Saeedi, R., Ahmadieh, H., Yousefinezhadi, T., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Nikbakhsh, R., Safi, S., Asgari, S., Irvani, S.N., Jahanmehr, N., Ramezanzadeh, K., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Khayamzadeh, M., Abbastabar, H., Shirkoohi, R., Fazlzadeh, M., Janjani, H., Hosseini, M., Mansournia, M., Tohidinik, H., Bakhtiari, A., Fazaeli, A., Mousavi, S., Hasanzadeh, A., Nabavizadeh, B., Malekzadeh, R., Hashemian, M., Pourshams, A., Salimzadeh, H., Sepanlou, S.G., Afarideh, M., Esteghamati, A., Esteghamati, S., Ghajar, A., Heidari, B., Rezaei, N., Mohamadi, E., Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Rahim, F., Eskandarieh, S., Sahraian, M., Mohebi, F., Aminorroaya, A., Ebrahimi, H., Farzadfar, F., Mohajer, B., Pishgar, F., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Shabani, M., Zarafshan, H., Abolhassani, H., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Abdollahi, M., Farahmand, M., Salamati, P., Mehrabi Nasab, E., Tajdini, M., Aghamir, S., Mirzaei, R., Dibaji Forooshani, Z., Khater, M.M., Abd-Allah, F., Abdelalim, A., Abualhasan, A., El-Jaafary, S.I., Hassan, A., Elsharkawy, A., Khater, A.M., Elhabashy, H.R., Salem, M.R.R., Salem, H., Sadeghi, M., Jafarinia, M., Amini-Rarani, M., Mohammadifard, N., Sarrafzadegan, N., Abdollahpour, I., Sarveazad, A., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Yoosefi Lebni, J., Manafi, N., Pazoki Toroudi, H., Dorostkar, F., Alipour, V., Sheikhtaheri, A., Arabloo, J., Azari, S., Ghashghaee, A., Rezapour, A., Naserbakht, M., Kabir, A., Mehri, F., Yousefifard, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Babaee, E., Eshrati, B., Goharinezhad, S., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Abedi, P., Rashedi, V., Kumar, V., Elgendy, I.Y., Basu, S., Park, J., Pereira, A., Norheim, O.F., Eagan, A.W., Cahill, L.E., Sheikh, A., Abushouk, A.I., Kraemer, M.U.G., Thakur, B., Bärnighausen, T.W., Shrime, M.G., Abedi, A., Doshi, C.P., Abegaz, K.H., Geberemariyam, B.S., Aynalem, Y.A., Shiferaw, W.S., Abosetugn, A.E., Aboyans, V., Abrams, E.M., Gitimoghaddam, M., Kissoon, N., Stubbs, J.L., Brauer, M., Iyamu, I.O., Kopec, J.A., Pourmalek, F., Ribeiro, A.P., Malta, D.C., Gomez, R.S., Abreu, L.G., Abrigo, M.R.M., Almulhim, A.M., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Pottoo, F.H., Menezes, R.G., Alanzi, T.M., Alumran, A.K., Abu Haimed, A.K., Madadin, M., Alanezi, F.M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Saddik, B., Abu-Raddad, L.J., Samy, A.M., El Nahas, N., Shalash, A.S., Nabhan, A.F., Kamath, A.M., Kassebaum, N.J., Aravkin, A.Y., Kochhar, S., Sorensen, R.J.D., Afshin, A., Burkart, K., Cromwell, E.A., Dandona, L., Dharmaratne, S.D., Gakidou, E., Hay, S.I., Kyu, H.H., Lopez, A.D., Lozano, R., Misganaw, A.T., Mokdad, A.H., Naghavi, M., Pigott, D.M., Reiner Jr, R.C., Roth, G.A., Stanaway, J.D., Vollset, S., Vos, T., Wang, H., Lim, S.S., Murray, C.J.L., Kalani, R., Ikuta, K.S., Cho, D.Y., Kneib, C.J., Crowe, C.S., Massenburg, B.B., Morrison, S.D., Acebedo, A., Adelson, J.D., Agesa, K.M., Alam, T., Albertson, S.B., Anderson, J.A., Antony, C.M., Ashbaugh, C., Assmus, M., Azhar, G., Balassyano, S., Bannick, M.S., Barthelemy, C.M., Bender, R.G., Bennitt, F.B., Bertolacci, G.J., Biehl, M.H., Bisignano, C., Boon-Dooley, A.S., Briant, P.S., Bryazka, D., Bumgarner, B.R., Callender, C.S., Cao, J., Castle, C.D., Castro, E., Causey, K., Cercy, K.M., Chalek, J., Charlson, F.J., Cohen, A.J., Comfort, H., Compton, K., Croneberger, A.J., Cruz, J.A., Cunningham, M., Dandona, R., Dangel, W.J., Dean, F.E., DeCleene, N.K., Deen, A., Degenhardt, L., Dingels, Z.V., Dippenaar, I.N., Dirac, M.A., Dolgert, A.J., Emmons-Bell, S., Estep, K., Farag, T., Feigin, V.L., Feldman, R., Ferrara, G., Ferrari, A.J., Fitzgerald, R., Force, L.M., Fox, J.T., Frank, T.D., Fu, W., Fukutaki, K., Fuller, J.E., Fullman, N., Galles, N.C., Gardner, W.M., Gershberg Hayoon, A., Goren, E., Gorman, T.M., Gottlich, H.C., Guo, G., Haddock, B., Hagins, H., Haile, L.M., Hamilton, E.B., Han, C., Han, H., Harvey, J.D., Henny, K., Henrikson, H.J., Henry, N.J., Herbert, M.E., Hsiao, T., Huynh, C.K., Iannucci, V.C., Ippolito, H., Irvine, C.M.S., Jafari, H., Jahagirdar, D., James, S.L., Johnson, C.O., Johnson, S.C., Keller, C., Kemmer, L., Kendrick, P.J., Knight, M., Kocarnik, J.M., Krohn, K.J., Larson, S.L., Lau, K.M., Ledesma, J.R., Leever, A.T., LeGrand, K.E., Lescinsky, H., Lin, C., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Lo, J., Lu, A., Ma, J., Maddison, E.R., Manguerra, H., Marks, A., Martopullo, I., Mastrogiacomo, C.I., May, E.A., Mooney, M.D., Mosser, J.F., Mullany, E.C., Mumford, J., Munro, S.B., Nandakumar, V., Nguyen, J., Nguyen, M., Nichols, E., Nixon, M.R., Odell, C.M., Ong, K.L., Orji, A.U., Ostroff, S.M., Pasovic, M., Paulson, K.R., Pease, S.A., Pennini, A., Pierce, M., Pilz, T.M., Pletcher, M., Rao, P.C., Razo, C., Redford, S.B., Reinig, N., Reitsma, M.B., Rhinehart, P., Robalik, T., Roberts, S., Roberts, N.L.S., Rolfe, S., Sbarra, A.N., Schaeffer, L.E., Shackelford, K.A., Shadid, J., Sharara, F., Shaw, D.H., Sheena, B.S., Simpson, K.E., Smith, A., Spencer, C.N., Spurlock, E.E., Stark, B.A., Steiner, C., Steuben, K.M., Sylte, D.O., Tang, M., Taylor, H.J., Terrason, S., Thomson, A.M., Torre, A.E., Travillian, R., Troeger, C.E., Vongpradith, A., Walters, M.K., Wang, J., Watson, A., Watson, S., Whisnant, J.L., Whiteford, H.A., Wiens, K.E., Wilner, L.B., Wilson, S., Wool, E.E., Wozniak, S.S., Wu, J., Wulf Hanson, S., Wunrow, H., Xu, R., Yadgir, S., Yearwood, J.A., York, H.W., Yuan, C., Zhao, J.T., Zheng, P., Zimsen, S.R.M., Zlavog, B.S., Chang, A.Y., Oren, E., Buchbinder, R., Chin, K.L., Guo, Y., Polkinghorne, K.R., Thrift, A.G., Lee, S.W.H., Ackerman, I.N., Cicuttini, F.M., Li, S., Zaman, S., Suleria, H., Zhang, J., Cowie, B.C., Wijeratne, T., Patton, G.C., Sawyer, S.M., Adair, T., Meretoja, A., Adetokunboh, O.O., Adamu, A.A., Iwu, C.J., Parry, C.D.H., Seedat, S., Ndwandwe, D.E., Mahasha, P.W., Stein, D.J., Nnaji, C.A., Sambala, E.Z., Wiysonge, C.S., Adebayo, O.M., Ilesanmi, O.S., Owolabi, M.O., Adeoye, A.M., Adedeji, I.A., Adekanmbi, V., Ibitoye, S.E., John-Akinola, Y.O., Oluwasanu, M.M., Oghenetega, O.B., Akinyemi, R.O., Zandian, H., Adham, D., Zahirian Moghadam, T., Advani, S.M., Teagle, W.L., Braithwaite, D., Agasthi, P., Saadatagah, S., Afshari, M., Agardh, E.E., Allebeck, P., Danielsson, A., Deuba, K., Carrero, J.J., Mohammad, D.K., Fereshtehnejad, S., Ärnlöv, J., Nowak, C., Cederroth, C.R., Ahmadi, A., Pathak, A., Mills, E.J., Kurmi, O.P., Olagunju, A.T., Agarwal, G., Sathish, T., Aghaali, M., Mohammadbeigi, A., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Maleki, S., Naderi, M., Salahshoor, M.R., Pourmirza Kalhori, R., Almasi, A., Salimi, Y., Siabani, S., Ziapour, A., Barzegar, A., Khazaie, H., Kianipour, N., Amiri, F., Salehi Zahabi, S., Mirzaei, M., Shamsi, M., Najafi, F., Jalali, A., Ghadiri, K., Heydarpour, F., Fattahi, N., Karami Matin, B., Kazemi Karyani, A., Pirsaheb, M., Rajati, F., Sadeghi, E., Safari, Y., Sharafi, K., Soltani, S., Vasseghian, Y., Atafar, Z., Jalilian, F., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Saeidi, S., Soofi, M., Zangeneh, A., Mansouri, B., Ahmadi, M., Khafaie, M.A., Safiri, S., Moghadaszadeh, M., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., Doshmangir, L., Jadidi-Niaragh, F., Ghafourifard, M., Spotin, A., Khodayari, M., Samadi Kafil, H., Kalankesh, L.R., Ahmadpour, E., Yousefi, B., Ansari, F., Hassankhani, H., Karimi, S., Haririan, H., Mereta, S., Ahmed, M.B., Feyissa, G.T., Ciobanu, L.G., Aji, B., Aynalem, G.L., Gebresillassie, B., Tefera, Y.G., Akalu, T.Y., Baraki, A.G., Tesema, G.A., Tessema, Z.T., Tamiru, A.T., Azene, Z.N., Netsere, H.B., Yano, Y., Akinyemiju, T., Wu, C., Zadey, S., Samad, Z., Ji, J.S., Doshi, P.P., John, O., Jha, V., Maulik, P.K., Pesudovs, K., Resnikoff, S., Mitchell, P.B., Sachdev, P.S., Akombi, B., Godinho, M.A., Ivers, R.Q., Peden, A.E., Biswas, R., Boufous, S., Akunna, C.J., Alahdab, F., Hammer, M.S., van Donkelaar, A., Al-Aly, Z., Dellavalle, R.P., Alam, S., Martin, R.V., Alam, N., De Leo, D., Tadakamadla, S.K., Alam, K., Alcalde-Rabanal, J.E., Avila-Burgos, L., Serván-Mori, E., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Rodríguez-Ramírez, S., Morales, L., Poznańska, A., Wojtyniak, B., Rivera, J.A., Campos-Nonato, I.R., Campuzano Rincon, J., Sánchez-Pimienta, T.G., Mengesha, M.B., Welay, F.T., Alema, N.M., Demsie, D.G., Teame, H., Teklehaimanot, B.F., Alemu, B.W., Gultie, T., Bante, A.B., Yeshitila, Y.G., Geramo, Y.C.D., Glagn, M., Sorrie, M.B., W/hawariat, F.G., Amare, A., Kasa, A., Alemu, Y., Mihretie, K.M., Atnafu, D.D., Demeke, F.M., Melese, A., Bante, S.A., Dessie, G.A., Mengesha, E.W., Nigatu, D., Almadi, M.A.H., Alhabib, K.F., Mohammad, Y., Altirkawi, K.A., Temsah, M., Kugbey, N., Ayanore, M.A., Alhassan, R.K., Ali, M., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Kalhor, R., Alijanzadeh, M., Alinia, C., Yusefzadeh, H., Didarloo, A., Alizade, H., Nikpoor, A., Aljunid, S.M., Alla, F., Leal, L.F., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Moradzadeh, R., Zamanian, M., Nazari, J., Amini, S., Ghamari, F., Almasri, N.A., Khan, M., Al-Mekhlafi, H.M., Bedi, N., Alonso, J., Ciber, E.S.P., Al-Raddadi, R.M., Zakzuk, J., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N.J., Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A., Malagón-Rojas, J.N., Gezae, K., Gesesew, H.A., Muthupandian, S., Gebremeskel, G.G., Berhe, K., Amare, B., Ayza, M.A., Gebremeskel, L.G., Gebreslassie, A.A.A., Bitew, H., Zewdie, K.A., Tela, F.G.G., Gill, T.K., Noubiap, J., Lassi, Z.S., Bhandari, D., Amit, A.L., Antonio, C.T., Faraon, E.A., Lopez, J.F., Atre, S.R., Ballew, S.H., Matsushita, K., Khoja, A.T., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Ghadimi, M., Shafaat, O., Fanzo, J., Amugsi, D.A., Amul, G.H., Koh, D.S.Q., Venketasubramanian, N., Anbesu, E.W., Mohammed, J.A., Wondmeneh, T.G., Andrei, C., Negoi, R.I., Davitoiu, D.V., Manda, A., Negoi, I., Preotescu, L., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Ancuceanu, R., Hasan, M., Leung, J., Anderlini, D., Mamun, A.A., Maravilla, J.C., McGrath, J.J., Lalloo, R., Uddin, R., Erskine, H.E., Knibbs, L.D., Mantilla Herrera, A.M., Santomauro, D.F., Mirica, A., Ausloos, M., Herteliu, C., Oţoiu, A., Pana, A., Andrei, T., Ştefan, S., Androudi, S., Angus, C., Ansari, I., Pourjafar, H., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Khammarnia, M., Antonazzo, I., Ferrara, P., Conti, S., Cortesi, P.A., Fornari, C., Lee, P.H., Antriyandarti, E., Yousefi, Z., Rafiei, A., Javidnia, J., Faridnia, R., Anvari, D., Goudarzian, A., Moosazadeh, M., Rezai, M., Daryani, A., Fareed, M., Anwer, R., Appiah, S., Paudel, D., Dichgans, M., Riahi, S., Rajabpour-Sanati, A., Arab-Zozani, M., Arba, A.A.K., Aremu, O., Ariani, F., Aripov, T., Armoon, B., Mahdavi, M.M., Arowosegbe, O.O., Tediosi, F., Aryal, K.K., Mosapour, A., Yaminfirooz, M., Arzani, A., Bijani, A., Jahani, M.A., Mouodi, S., Zamani, M., Asaad, M., Dianatinasab, M., Bahrami, M., Pakshir, K., Asadi-Pooya, A.A., Bayati, M., Shahabi, S., Athari, S., Atout, M.M.W., Atteraya, M.S., Brugha, T., Ausloos, F., Avokpaho, E.F.G., Room, R., Islam, M., Edvardsson, D., Rahman, M., Ayala Quintanilla, B., Gething, P.W., Briggs, A.M., Ayano, G., Hendrie, D., Miller, T.R., Azzopardi, P.S., Hoogar, P., B, D.B., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, N., Mithra, P., Shetty, R.S., Thapar, R., Padubidri, J., Bakkannavar, S.M., Nayak, V.C., Rastogi, P., Shetty, B.K., Bhageerathy, R., Gudi, N., Boloor, A., Holla, R., Rathi, P., Unnikrishnan, B., Janodia, M.D., Lang, J.J., Badawi, A., Orpana, H.M., Bhutta, Z.A., Shield, K.D., Chattu, V., Badiye, A.D., Kapoor, N., Bagherzadeh, M., Rabiee, N., Bagli, E., Baig, A.A., Bairwa, M., Lodha, R., Sagar, R., Rath, G.K., Bhardwaj, P., Charan, J., Kanchan, T., Joshi, A., Pakhare, A.P., Bakhshaei, M., Naghshtabrizi, B., Balachandran, A., Hoek, H.W., Postma, M.J., Geremew, A., Gebrehiwot, A.M., Balakrishnan, S., Desalew, A., Bojia, H.A., Mohammed, A.S., Regassa, L.D., Parmar, P.G.K., Balalla, S., Baldasseroni, A., Stokes, M.A., Ball, K., Islam, S., Maddison, R., Balzi, D., Levi, M., Banach, M., Banerjee, S.K., Banik, P.C., Barua, L., Faruque, M., Barboza, M.A., Barker-Collo, S.L., Jonas, J.B., Panda-Jonas, S., De Neve, J., Kohler, S., Moazen, B., Mohammed, S., Barrero, L.H., Basaleem, H., Bassat, Q., Haro, J.M., Koyanagi, A., Car, J., Greaves, F., Majeed, A., Davis, A.C., Steiner, T.J., Kusuma, D., Palladino, R., Rawaf, S., Saxena, S., Rawaf, D.L., Baune, B.T., Karch, A., Baye, B.A., Darega Gela, J., Kolola, T., Becker, J.S., DeLang, M., West, J., Gad, M.M., Serre, M.L., Gallus, S., Lugo, A., Beghi, E., Pupillo, E., Bosetti, C., Giussani, G., Bikbov, B., Perico, N., Remuzzi, G., Imani-Nasab, M., Nouraei Motlagh, S., Sharafi, Z., Behzadifar, M., Béjot, Y., Bekuma, T.T., Yilma, M.T., Bell, M.L., Bello, A.K., Rafiee, A., Keddie, S.H., Lucas, T.C.D., Dolecek, C., Dunachie, S.J., Rumisha, S.F., Weiss, D.J., Lewington, S., Collins, E.L., Nandi, A.K., Zhao, Y., Bennett, D.A., Karim, M.A., Lacey, B., Khundkar, R., Yaya, S., Goulart, A.C., Santos, I.S., Bensenor, I.M., Lotufo, P.A., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Castaldelli-Maia, J., Wang, Y., Furtado, J.M., Benziger, C.P., Berman, A.E., Mazidi, M., Bernabe, E., Dargan, P.I., Molokhia, M., Shibuya, K., Douiri, A., Wolfe, C.D.A., Hay, R.J., Flohr, C., Suchdev, P.S., Ram, P., Bernstein, R.S., Liu, Y., Bhagavathula, A.S., Khan, G., Grivna, M., Bhala, N., Chandan, J.S., Gaidhane, A.M., Quazi Syed, Z., Saxena, D., Khatib, M., Bhat, A.G., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Das, J.K., Bibi, S., Bilano, V., Bin Sayeed, M., Cherbuin, N., D'Amico, E., Grosso, G., Borzì, A.M., Biondi, A., Vacante, M., Valli, A., Birihane, B.M., Bisanzio, D., Hassan, S., Bjørge, T., Øverland, S., Bockarie, M.J., Mensah, G.A., Sliwa, K., Gholamian, A., Bohlouli, S., Esmaeilnejad, S., Bohluli, M., Bolla, S.R., Borges, G., Bose, D., Bourne, R., Brayne, C., Breitborde, N.J.K., Fisher, J.L., Breitner, S., Brenner, H., Breusov, A.V., Rakovac, I., Briko, N.I., Lopukhov, P.D., Glushkova, E.V., Korshunov, V.A., Polibin, R.V., Jakovljevic, M., Briko, A.N., Britton, G.B., Castro, F., Moreno Velásquez, I., Burnett, R.T., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Busse, R., Butt, Z.A., Caetano dos Santos, F., Cai, T., Hall, B.J., Cahuana Hurtado, Lucero, Cámera, L.A., Valdez, P.R., Tudor Car, L., Cárdenas, R., Gorini, G., Carreras, G., Fernandes, E., Freitas, M., Pereira, D.M., Santos, J.V., Ribeiro, D., Pinheiro, M., Massano, J., das Neves, J., Dias da Silva, D., Carvalho, F., Costa, V.M., Silva, J.P., Morgado-da-Costa, J., Castelpietra, G., Catalá-López, F., Pakhale, S., Cerin, E., Yip, P., Ho, H., Chang, J., Chang, A.R., Chang, K., Cooper, O.R., Chaturvedi, S., Chimed-Ochir, O., Chirinos-Caceres, J.L., Choi, J.J., Christensen, H., Truelsen, T.C., Chu, D., Kivimäki, M., Chung, S., Kumar, M., Ward, J.L., Chung, M.T., Cirillo, M., Virclo, R., Classen, T.K.D., Lauriola, P., Corso, B., Hugo, F.N., Kieling, C., Cousin, E., Duncan, B.B., Goulart, B.N.G., Schmidt, 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Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Advani, Shailesh M, Afshin, Ashkan, Aghaali, Mohammad, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Ali, Muhammad, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyru, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Allebeck, Peter, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alumran, Arwa Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Aminorroaya, Arya, Amit, Arianna Maever L, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari, Iman, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Antony, Catherine M, Anvari, Davood, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Aryal, Krishna K, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, Asgari, Samaneh, Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azarian, Ghasem, Babaee, Ebrahim, Badiye, Ashish D, Bagli, Eleni, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Balassyano, Shelly, Banach, Maciej, Banik, Palash Chandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barzegar, Akbar, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bayati, Mohsen, Bazmandegan, Gholamreza, Bedi, Neeraj, Bell, Michellr L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Biondi, Antonio, Bisanzio, Donal, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bjørge, Tone, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao, Borzì, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Brady, Oliver J, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Bumgarner, Blair R, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cai, Tianji, Callender, Charlton SKH, Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cederroth, Christopher R, Cerin, Ester, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chin, Ken Lee, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Comfort, Haley, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cowden, Richard G, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Croneberger, Andrew J, Cunningham, Matthew, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Damiani, Giovanni, D'Amico, Emanuele, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolao, Desai, Rupak, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dippenaar, Ilse N, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshi, Chirag P, Doshmangir, Leila, Doyle, Kerrie E, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duraes, Andre Rodrigue, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Estep, Kara, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraj, Anwar, Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferreira, Manuela L, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Flohr, Carsten, Foigt, Nataliya A, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Freitas, Marisa, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fuller, John E, Furtado, João M, Gad, Mohamed M, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gething, Peter W, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholamian, Asadollah, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goulart, Alessandra C, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Subodh Sharan, Haagsma, Juanita A, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamagharib Abdullah, Kanaan, Han, Chieh, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohanne, Hankey, Graeme J, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hay, Simon I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Henny, Kiana, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hole, Michael K, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hoy, Damian G, Hu, Guoqing, Huda, Tanvir M, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Islam, Mdmohaimenul, Iso, Hiroyasu, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahagirdar, Deepa, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jalali, Amir, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L, Janjani, Hosna, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S, Jonas, Jost B, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kamiab, Zahra, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karch, André, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Karimi, Seyed Asaad, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Kayode, Gbenga A, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalid, Nauman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Maseer, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Amir M, Khater, Mona M, Khazaei, Salman, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kim, Cho-il, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kinfu, Yohanne, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael A, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumar, Vivek, Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lansky, Sonia, Larson, Samantha Leigh, Larsson, Anders O, Lasrado, Savita, Lassi, Zohra S, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Lee, Paul H, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Leever, Andrew T, Legrand, Kate E, Leonardi, Matilde, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Linn, Shai, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lu, Alton, Lunevicius, Raimunda, Madadin, Mohammed, Maddison, Emilie R, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manafi, Navid, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I, Mathur, Manu Raj, May, Erin A, Mcalinden, Colm, Mcgrath, John J, Mckee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M, Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda, Memiah, Peter T N, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Milne, George J, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Moazen, Babak, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Dara K, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A, Mokari, Amin, Mokdad, Ali H, Momen, Natalie C, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mooney, Meghan D, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Moreno Velásquez, Ilai, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Dougla, Mosser, Jonathan F, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabavizadeh, Behnam, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Nikpoor, Amin Reza, Nixon, Molly R, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nomura, Shuhei, Noubiap, Jean Jacque, Nouraei Motlagh, Soraya, Nowak, Christoph, Oţoiu, Adrian, Odell, Christopher M, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Ong, Kanyin L, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ortiz, Alberto, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakshir, Keyvan, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Park, Jame, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Jenil R, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Patton, George C, Paulson, Katherine R, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Pease, Spencer A, Peden, Amy E, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pigott, David M, Pilgrim, Thoma, Pilz, Tessa M, Piradov, Michael A, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Poznańska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I, Prakash, Sanjay, Preotescu, Liliana, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Raggi, Alberto, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Ram, Pradhum, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Sowmya J, Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rastogi, Prateek, Rathi, Priya, Rawal, Lal, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Nima, Rezai, Mohammad sadegh, Rezapour, Aziz, Rickard, Jennifer, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostamian, Morteza, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Salem, Marwa R Rashad, Salimi, Yahya, Salomon, Joshua A, Salz, Inbal, Samad, Zainab, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Saylan, Mete, Schaeffer, Lauren E, Schiavolin, Silvia, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Sekerija, Mario, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shabani, Mahsima, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbaz, Mohammad, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomar, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharara, Fablina, Sharma, Rajesh, Shaw, David H, Sheikh, Aziz, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Shrime, Mark G, Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Simonetti, Biagio, Simpson, Kyle E, Singh, Jasvinder A, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Soheili, Amin, Sokhan, Anton, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A, Stubbs, Jacob L, Sudaryanto, Agu, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sykes, Bryan L, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Taherkhani, Amir, Tang, Muming, Taveira, Nuno, Taylor, Heather Jean, Teagle, Whitney L, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thomas, Nihal, Thrift, Amanda G, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Foti, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Trias-Llimós, Sergi, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Vacante, Marco, Vakilian, Alireza, Valdez, Pascual R, Valli, Alessandro, Vardavas, Constantine, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogale, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidale, Simone, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vujcic, Isidora S, Vukovic, Ana, Vukovic, Rade, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Walters, Magdalene K, Wang, Hongbo, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Watson, Stefanie, Wei, Jingkai, Weiss, Jordan, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wiangkham, Taweewat, Wiens, Kirsten E, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Wool, Eve E, Wu, Ai-Min, Wu, Junjie, Xu, Gelin, Yamada, Tomohide, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yearwood, Jamal A, Yeheyis, Tomas Y, Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yoosefi Lebni, Javad, York, Hunter W, Younis, Mustafa Z, Younker, Theodore Patrick, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zakzuk, Josefina, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zheng, Peng, Zhou, Maigeng, Ziapour, Arash, Murray, Christopher J L, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Demographics, GBD 2019 Demographics Collaborator, Violante FS, Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Department of Earth Systems Analysis, Biomechanical Engineering, TechMed Centre, Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Research Methodology, Measurement and Data Analysis, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, Inorganic Materials Science, MESA+ Institute, Biomedical and Environmental Sensorsystems, Mesoscale Chemical Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Nonlinear Solid Mechanics, Digital Society Institute, Pervasive Systems, Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Multi Scale Mechanics, Engineering Fluid Dynamics, Physics of Complex Fluids, Developmental BioEngineering, Physics of Fluids, Elastomer Technology and Engineering, Medical Cell Biophysics, European Membrane Institute, Department of Earth Observation Science, Biomaterials Science and Technology, Sustainable Process Technology, Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management, Department of Natural Resources, XUV Optics, Databases (Former), Department of Water Resources, Psychology, Health & Technology, Membrane Science & Technology, Department of Public Health, Clinicum, HUS Neurocenter, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Environmental Sciences
Subjects: Male, very elderly, Demographic transition, HALE, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, preschool child, Global Burden of Disease, Carga Global de Enfermedades, 0302 clinical medicine, newborn, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, and Risk Factors Study, 80 and over, 030212 general & internal medicine, Birth Rate, Child, Migration, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Injuries, Geography, Mortality rate, 1. No poverty, DEATH, Censuses, General Medicine, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities, Middle Aged, Demographic analysis, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, demographic analysis, Estilo de Vida Saludable, risk factor, Child, Preschool, Demography/statistics & numerical data, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors, Fertility, Mortality, Migration, Population, epidemiology, Female, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, CHILD-MORTALITY, Live Birth, Global Health Metrics, TRANSITION, demographics, GBD, fertility, mortality, hale, Adult, Adolescent, Total fertility rate, Population, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, Birth rate, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Life Expectancy, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Demografía, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, human, Mortality, education, Preschool, Aged, Demography, Spatial Analysis, questionnaire, Infant, Newborn, Klinisk medicin, HIV, Infant, Global Burden of Diseases, sex-specific fertility, Live Birth/epidemiology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], MODEL, Fertilidad, Fertility, Demographic change, Life expectancy, NA, global disease burden, Clinical Medicine, population research
Abstract: Background Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings The global TFR decreased from 2.72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2.66-2.79) in 2000 to 2.31 (2.17-2.46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134.5 million (131.5-137.8) in 2000 to a peak of 139.6 million (133.0-146.9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135.3 million (127.2-144.1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2.1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27.1% (95% UI 26.4-27.8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67.2 years (95% UI 66.8-67.6) in 2000 to 73.5 years (72.8-74.3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50.7 million (49.5-51.9) in 2000 to 56.5 million (53.7-59.2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9.6 million (9.1-10.3) in 2000 to 5.0 million (4.3-6.0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25.7%, from 6.2 billion (6.0-6.3) in 2000 to 7.7 billion (7.5-8.0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58.6 years (56.1-60.8) in 2000 to 63.5 years (60.8-66.1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. Interpretation Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2020
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14. Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15-49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-18: a modelling study

Author: Sartorius, B., VanderHeide, J.D., Yang, M., Goosmann, E.A., Hon, J., Haeuser, E., Cork, M.A., Perkins, S., Jahagirdar, D., Schaeffer, L.E., Serfes, A.L., LeGrand, K.E., Abbastabar, H., Abebo, Z.H., Abosetugn, A.E., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Accrombessi, M.M.K., Adebayo, O.M., Adegbosin, A.E., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O.O., Adeyinka, D.A., Ahinkorah, B.O., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, M.B., Akalu, Y., Akinyemi, O.O., Akinyemi, R.O., Aklilu, A., Akunna, C.J., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, N., Alamneh, A.A., Alanzi, T.M., Alemu, B.W., Alhassan, R.K., Ali, T., Alipour, V., Amini, S., Ancuceanu, R., Ansari, F., Anteneh, Z.A., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Appiah, S.C.Y., Arabloo, J., Asemahagn, M.A., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., Asmare, W.N., Atnafu, D.D., Atout, M.M.W., Atreya, A., Ausloos, M., Awedew, A.F., Ayala Quintanilla, B.P., Ayanore, M.A., Aynalem, Y.A., Ayza, M.A., Azari, S., Azene, Z.N., Babar, Z.-U.-D., Baig, A.A., Balakrishnan, S., Banach, M., Bärnighausen, T.W., Basu, S., Bayati, M., Bedi, N., Bekuma, T.T., Bezabhe, W.M.M., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhutta, Z.A., Bibi, S., Bikbov, B., Birhan, T.A., Bitew, Z.W., Bockarie, M.J., Boloor, A., Brady, O.J., Bragazzi, N.L., Briko, A.N., Briko, N.I., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Butt, Z.A., Cárdenas, R., Carvalho, F., Charan, J., Chatterjee, S., Chattu, S.K., Chattu, V.K., Chowdhury, M.A.K., Chu, D.-T., Cook, A.J., Cormier, N.M., Cowden, R.G., Culquichicon, C., Dagnew, B., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Damiani, G., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Daoud, F., Daryani, A., das Neves, J., Davis Weaver, N., Derbew Molla, M., Deribe, K., Desta, A.A., Deuba, K., Dharmaratne, S.D., Dhungana, G.P., Diaz, D., Djalalinia, S., Doku, P.N., Dubljanin, E., Duko, B., Eagan, A.W., Earl, L., Eaton, J.W., Effiong, A., El Sayed Zaki, M., El Tantawi, M., Elayedath, R., El-Jaafary, S.I., Elsharkawy, A., Eskandarieh, S., Eyawo, O., Ezzikouri, S., Fasanmi, A.O., Fasil, A., Fauk, N.K., Feigin, V.L., Ferede, T.Y., Fernandes, E., Fischer, F., Foigt, N.A., Folayan, M.O., Foroutan, M., Francis, J.M., Fukumoto, T., Gad, M.M., Geberemariyam, B.S., Gebregiorgis, B., Gebremichael, B., Gesesew, H.A., Getacher, L., Ghadiri, K., Ghashghaee, A., Gilani, S.A., Ginindza, T.G., Glagn, M., Golechha, M., Gona, P.N., Gubari, M.I.M., Gugnani, H.C., Guido, D., Guled, R.A., Hall, B.J., Hamidi, S., Handiso, D.W., Hargono, A., Hashi, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Hayat, K., Herteliu, C., de Hidru, H.D., Holla, R., Hosgood, H.D., Hossain, N., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Househ, M., Hwang, B.-F., Ibitoye, S.E., Ilesanmi, O.S., Ilic, I.M., Ilic, M.D., Irvani, S.S.N., Iwu, C.C.D., Iwu, C.J., Iyamu, I.O., Jain, V., Jakovljevic, M., Jalilian, F., Jha, R.P., Johnson, K.B., Joshua, V., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J.J., Kabir, A., Kalankesh, L.R., Kalhor, R., Kamath, A., Kamyari, N., Kanchan, T., Karami Matin, B., Karch, A., Karimi, S.E., Kasa, A.S., Kassahun, G., Kayode, G.A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Keiyoro, P.N., Kelkay, B., Khalid, N., Khan, G., Khan, J., Khan, M.N., Khatab, K., Khazaei, S., Kim, Y.J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kochhar, S., Kopec, J.A., Kosen, S., Koulmane Laxminarayana, S., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Kuate Defo, B., Kugbey, N., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kurmi, O.P., Kusuma, D., Kuupiel, D., Kyu, H.H., La Vecchia, C., Lal, D.K., Lam, J.O., Landires, I., Lasrado, S., Lazarus, J.V., Lazzar-Atwood, A., Lee, P.H., Leshargie, C.T., Li, B., Liu, X., Lopukhov, P.D., Amin, H.I.M., Madi, D., Mahasha, P.W., Majeed, A., Maleki, A., Maleki, S., Mamun, A.A., Manafi, N., Mansournia, M.A., Martins-Melo, F.R., Masoumi, S.Z., Mayala, B.K., Meharie, B.G., Meheretu, H.A.A., Meles, H.G., Melku, M., Mendoza, W., Mengesha, E.W., Meretoja, T.J., Mersha, A.M., Mestrovic, T., Miller, T.R., Mirica, A., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Mohamad, O., Mohammad, Y., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammed, J.A., Mohammed, S., Mokdad, A.H., Mokonnon, T., Molokhia, M., Moradi, M., Moradi, Y., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Mosser, J.F., Munro, S.B., Mustafa, G., Muthupandian, S., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Naghavi, M., Naveed, M., Nayak, V.C., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Nepal, S., Netsere, H.B., Ngalesoni, F.N., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Ngunjiri, J.W., Nigatu, Y.T., Nigussie, S.N., Nnaji, C.A., Noubiap, J.J., Nuñez-Samudio, V., Oancea, B., Odukoya, O.O., Ogbo, F.A., Oladimeji, O., Olagunju, A.T., Olusanya, B.O., Olusanya, J.O., Omer, M.O., Omonisi, A.E.E., Onwujekwe, O.E., Orisakwe, O.E., Otstavnov, N., Owolabi, M.O., Mahesh, P.A., Padubidri, J.R., Pakhale, S., Pana, A., Pandi-Perumal, S.R., Patel, U.K., Pathak, M., Patton, G.C., Pawar, S., Peprah, E.K., Pokhrel, K.N., Postma, M.J., Pottoo, F.H., Pourjafar, H., Pribadi, D.R.A., Quazi Syed, Z., Rafiei, A., Rahim, F., Rahman, M.H.U., Rahmani, A.M., Ram, P., Rana, J., Ranabhat, C.L., Rao, S., Rao, S.J., Rathi, P., Rawaf, D.L., Rawaf, S., Rawassizadeh, R., Renjith, V., Reta, M.A., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Ribeiro, A.I., Ross, J.M., Rumisha, S.F., Sagar, R., Sahu, M., Sajadi, S.M., Salem, M.R., Samy, A.M., Sathian, B., Schutte, A.E., Seidu, A.-A., Sha, F., Shafaat, O., Shahbaz, M., Shaikh, M.A., Shaka, M.F., Sheikh, A., Shibuya, K., Shin, J.I., Shivakumar, K.M., Sidemo, N.B., Singh, J.A., Skryabin, V.Y., Skryabina, A.A., Soheili, A., Soltani, S., Somefun, O.D., Sorrie, M.B., Spurlock, E.E., Sufiyan, M.B., Taddele, B.W., Tadesse, E.G., Tamir, Z., Tamiru, A.T., Tanser, F.C., Taveira, N., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Tekalegn, Y., Tesfay, F.H., Tessema, B., Tessema, Z.T., Thakur, B., Tolani, M.A., Topor-Madry, R., Torrado, M., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Traini, E., Tsai, A.C., Tsegaye, G.W., Ullah, I., Ullah, S., Umeokonkwo, C.D., Unnikrishnan, B., Vardavas, C., Violante, F.S., Vo, B., Wado, Y.D., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R.G., Wang, Y., Ward, P., Werdecker, A., Wickramasinghe, N.D., Wijeratne, T., Wiysonge, C.S., Wondmeneh, T.G., Yamada, T., Yaya, S., Yeshaw, Y., Yeshitila, Y.G., Yilma, M.T., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yosef, T., Yusefzadeh, H., Zaidi, S.S., Zaki, L., Zamanian, M., Zastrozhin, M.S., Zastrozhina, A., Zewdie, D.T., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z.-J., Ziapour, A., Hay, S.I., Dwyer-Lindgren, L., LBD HIV Incidence Mortality Collaborators, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Khatab, Khaled, Sartorius B., VanderHeide J.D., Yang M., Goosmann E.A., Hon J., Haeuser E., Cork M.A., Perkins S., Jahagirdar D., Schaeffer L.E., Serfes A.L., LeGrand K.E., Abbastabar H., Abebo Z.H., Abosetugn A.E., Abu-Gharbieh E., Accrombessi M.M.K., Adebayo O.M., Adegbosin A.E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adeyinka D.A., Ahinkorah B.O., Ahmadi K., Ahmed M.B., Akalu Y., Akinyemi O.O., Akinyemi R.O., Aklilu A., Akunna C.J., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam N., Alamneh A.A., Alanzi T.M., Alemu B.W., Alhassan R.K., Ali T., Alipour V., Amini S., Ancuceanu R., Ansari F., Anteneh Z.A., Anvari D., Anwer R., Appiah S.C.Y., Arabloo J., Asemahagn M.A., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Asmare W.N., Atnafu D.D., Atout M.M.W., Atreya A., Ausloos M., Awedew A.F., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Ayza M.A., Azari S., Azene Z.N., Babar Z.-U.-D., Baig A.A., Balakrishnan S., Banach M., Barnighausen T.W., Basu S., Bayati M., Bedi N., Bekuma T.T., Bezabhe W.M.M., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Bibi S., Bikbov B., Birhan T.A., Bitew Z.W., Bockarie M.J., Boloor A., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Briko A.N., Briko N.I., Burugina Nagaraja S., Butt Z.A., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu S.K., Chattu V.K., Chowdhury M.A.K., Chu D.-T., Cook A.J., Cormier N.M., Cowden R.G., Culquichicon C., Dagnew B., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Daoud F., Daryani A., das Neves J., Davis Weaver N., Derbew Molla M., Deribe K., Desta A.A., Deuba K., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Doku P.N., Dubljanin E., Duko B., Eagan A.W., Earl L., Eaton J.W., Effiong A., El Sayed Zaki M., El Tantawi M., Elayedath R., El-Jaafary S.I., Elsharkawy A., Eskandarieh S., Eyawo O., Ezzikouri S., Fasanmi A.O., Fasil A., Fauk N.K., Feigin V.L., Ferede T.Y., Fernandes E., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebregiorgis B., Gebremichael B., Gesesew H.A., Getacher L., Ghadiri K., Ghashghaee A., Gilani S.A., Ginindza T.G., Glagn M., Golechha M., Gona P.N., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guido D., Guled R.A., Hall B.J., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Hargono A., Hashi A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Herteliu C., de Hidru H.D., Holla R., Hosgood H.D., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hwang B.-F., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Irvani S.S.N., Iwu C.C.D., Iwu C.J., Iyamu I.O., Jain V., Jakovljevic M., Jalilian F., Jha R.P., Johnson K.B., Joshua V., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamyari N., Kanchan T., Karami Matin B., Karch A., Karimi S.E., Kasa A.S., Kassahun G., Kayode G.A., Kazemi Karyani A., Keiyoro P.N., Kelkay B., Khalid N., Khan G., Khan J., Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khazaei S., Kim Y.J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kochhar S., Kopec J.A., Kosen S., Koulmane Laxminarayana S., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kuate Defo B., Kugbey N., Kulkarni V., Kumar M., Kumar N., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Kuupiel D., Kyu H.H., La Vecchia C., Lal D.K., Lam J.O., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lazarus J.V., Lazzar-Atwood A., Lee P.H., Leshargie C.T., Li B., Liu X., Lopukhov P.D., Amin H.I.M., Madi D., Mahasha P.W., Majeed A., Maleki A., Maleki S., Mamun A.A., Manafi N., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masoumi S.Z., Mayala B.K., Meharie B.G., Meheretu H.A.A., Meles H.G., Melku M., Mendoza W., Mengesha E.W., Meretoja T.J., Mersha A.M., Mestrovic T., Miller T.R., Mirica A., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mohamad O., Mohammad Y., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed J.A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Mokonnon T., Molokhia M., Moradi M., Moradi Y., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosser J.F., Munro S.B., Mustafa G., Muthupandian S., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Naveed M., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Nepal S., Netsere H.B., Ngalesoni F.N., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J.W., Nigatu Y.T., Nigussie S.N., Nnaji C.A., Noubiap J.J., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Odukoya O.O., Ogbo F.A., Oladimeji O., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Omer M.O., Omonisi A.E.E., Onwujekwe O.E., Orisakwe O.E., Otstavnov N., Owolabi M.O., Mahesh P.A., Padubidri J.R., Pakhale S., Pana A., Pandi-Perumal S.R., Patel U.K., Pathak M., Patton G.C., Pawar S., Peprah E.K., Pokhrel K.N., Postma M.J., Pottoo F.H., Pourjafar H., Pribadi D.R.A., Quazi Syed Z., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahman M.H.U., Rahmani A.M., Ram P., Rana J., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S., Rao S.J., Rathi P., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Renjith V., Reta M.A., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A.I., Ross J.M., Rumisha S.F., Sagar R., Sahu M., Sajadi S.M., Salem M.R., Samy A.M., Sathian B., Schutte A.E., Seidu A.-A., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shahbaz M., Shaikh M.A., Shaka M.F., Sheikh A., Shibuya K., Shin J.I., Shivakumar K.M., Sidemo N.B., Singh J.A., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Soheili A., Soltani S., Somefun O.D., Sorrie M.B., Spurlock E.E., Sufiyan M.B., Taddele B.W., Tadesse E.G., Tamir Z., Tamiru A.T., Tanser F.C., Taveira N., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalegn Y., Tesfay F.H., Tessema B., Tessema Z.T., Thakur B., Tolani M.A., Topor-Madry R., Torrado M., Tovani-Palone M.R., Traini E., Tsai A.C., Tsegaye G.W., Ullah I., Ullah S., Umeokonkwo C.D., Unnikrishnan B., Vardavas C., Violante F.S., Vo B., Wado Y.D., Waheed Y., Wamai R.G., Wang Y., Ward P., Werdecker A., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wijeratne T., Wiysonge C.S., Wondmeneh T.G., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y.G., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yosef T., Yusefzadeh H., Zaidi S.S., Zaki L., Zamanian M., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zewdie D.T., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Local Burden of Disease HIV Collaborators, Duko, Bereket, Yeshaw, Yigizie, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Clinicum
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, sub-Saharan Africa, Male, HIV Antibodie, Epidemiology, HIV incidences, HIV Infections, mortality rate, HIV Antibodies, Modelling study, Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence, 0302 clinical medicine, Africa, Northern, RA0421, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Medicine, Northern, HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, 10. No inequality, uncertainty, Mozambique, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, HIV mortality, Mortality rate, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, 1. No poverty, Hiv incidence, article, Mauritania, Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient, Articles, tracking, Middle Aged, health care planning, 3. Good health, Lesotho, AIDS, Infectious Diseases, QR180, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, Female, prenatal care, anti human immunodeficiency virus agent, seroepidemiology, Human, Adult, Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, Immunology, antiretroviral therapy, Unit (housing), 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, blood, Human immunodeficiency virus infection, Virology, Seroprevalence, Humans, human, Developing Countries, Estimation, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Subnational mappings, business.industry, Seroepidemiologic Studie, HIV, Anti-HIV Agent, PREVENTION, 030112 virology, mortality, monitoring, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Human immunodeficiency virus antibody, Africa, business, HIV incidence, Subnational mapping, Sub-Saharan Africa, Local burden of disease, Public health, Demography
Abstract: Background. High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000–18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. Findings. The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1–3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4–1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7–0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6–888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique, had the highest estimated HIV incidence (4661·7 [2544·8–8120·3]) cases per 100 000 people in 2018 and Inhassunge District, Zambezia Province, Mozambique, had the highest estimated HIV mortality rate (1163·0 [679·0–1866·8]) deaths per 100 000 people. Further, the rate of reduction in HIV incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2018, as well as the ratio of new infections to the number of people living with HIV was highly variable. Although most second-level administrative units had declines in the number of new cases (3316 [81·1%] of 4087 units) and number of deaths (3325 [81·4%]), nearly all appeared well short of the targeted 75% reduction in new cases and deaths between 2010 and 2020. Interpretation. Our estimates suggest that most second-level administrative units in sub-Saharan Africa are falling short of the targeted 75% reduction in new cases and deaths by 2020, which is further compounded by substantial within-country variability. These estimates will help decision makers and programme implementers expand access to ART and better target health resources to higher burden subnational areas. This work was primarily supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (grant OPP1132415). Additionally, O Adetokunboh acknowledges the support of the Department of Science and Innovation, and National Research Foundation of South Africa. M Ausloos, A Pana, and C Herteliu are partially supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (Romania; project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084). T W Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. M J Bockarie is supported by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership. F Carvalho and E Fernandes acknowledge support from Portuguese national funds (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior; UIDB/info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB/50006/2020/PT, UIDB/04378/2020, and UIDP/04378/2020. K Deribe is supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant 201900/Z/16/Z) as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. B-F Hwang was partially supported by China Medical University (CMU107-Z-04), Taichung, Taiwan. M Jakovljevic acknowledges support of the Serbia Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development (grant OI 175 014). M N Khan acknowledges the support of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh. Y J Kim was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia, Malaysia, (XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004). K Krishnan is supported by University Grants Commission Centre of Advanced Study, (CAS II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. M Kumar would like to acknowledge National Institutes of Health and Fogarty International Cente (K43TW010716). I Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación, which is supported by the Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Panama. W Mendoza is a program analyst in population and development at the UN Population Fund Country Office in Peru, which does not necessarily endorse this study. M Phetole received institutional support from the Grants, Innovation and Product Development Unit, South African Medical Research Council. O Odukoya acknowledges support from the Fogarty International Center of the US National Institutes of Health (K43TW010704). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the US National Institutes of Health. O Oladimeji is grateful for the support from Walter Sisulu University, Eastern Cape, South Africa, the University of Botswana, Botswana, and the University of Technology of Durban, Durban, South Africa. J R Padubidri acknowledges support from Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India. G C Patton is supported by an Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council research fellowship. P Rathi acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal India. A I Ribeiro was supported by National Funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, under the programme of Stimulus of Scientific Employment–Individual Support (info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/CEEC IND 2018/CEECIND/02386/2018/CP1538/CT0001/PT). A M Samy acknowledges the support of the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. F Sha was supported by the Shenzhen Social Science Fund (SZ2020C015) and the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (KQTD20190929172835662). A Sheikh is supported by Health Data Research UK. N Taveira acknowledges partial funding by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal, and Aga Khan Development Network—Portugal Collaborative Research Network in Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa (332821690), and by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (RIA2016MC-1615). C S Wiysonge is supported by the South African Medical Research Council. Y Zhang was supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (Q20201104) and Open Fund Project of Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control (OHIC2020Y01).
Published: 2021

15. The global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Safiri, S, Sepanlou, S, Ikuta, K, Bisignano, C, Salimzadeh, H, Delavari, A, Ansari, R, Roshandel, G, Merat, S, Fitzmaurice, C, Force, L, Nixon, M, Abbastabar, H, Abegaz, K, Afarideh, M, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, M, Akinyemiju, T, Alahdab, F, Ali, R, Alikhani, M, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almadi, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Raddadi, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, S, Anber, N, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Arabloo, J, Arefi, Z, Asghari Jafarabadi, M, Azadmehr, A, Badawi, A, Baheiraei, N, Barnighausen, T, Basaleem, H, Behzadifar, M, Belayneh, Y, Berhe, K, Bhattacharyya, K, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bjorge, T, Borzi, A, Bosetti, C, Bou-Orm, I, Brenner, H, Briko, A, Briko, N, Carreras, G, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Cerin, E, Chiang, P, Chido-Amajuoyi, O, Daryani, A, Davitoiu, D, Demoz, G, Desai, R, Dianati Nasab, M, Eftekhari, A, El Sayed, I, Elbarazi, I, Emamian, M, Endries, A, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, A, Etemadi, A, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, M, Gallus, S, Ghaseni-Kebria, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gorini, G, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hasanpour-Heidari, S, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassanipour, S, Hay, S, Hoang, C, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, M, Innos, K, Irvani, S, Islami, F, Jaca, A, Jafari Balalami, N, Jafari Delouei, N, Jafarinia, M, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Javanbakht, M, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Joukar, F, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, T, Kassaw, M, Kengne, A, Khader, Y, Khaksarian, M, Khalilov, R, Khan, E, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaee-Pool, M, Khazaei, S, Khosravi Shadmani, F, Khubchandani, J, Kim, D, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kocarnik, J, Komaki, H, Kopec, J, Koyanagi, A, Kuipers, E, Kumar, V, La Vecchia, C, Lami, F, Lopez, A, Lopukhov, P, Lunevicius, R, Majeed, A, Majidinia, M, Manafi, A, Manafi, N, Manda, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mantovani, L, Mehta, D, Meier, T, Meles, H, Mendoza, W, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Mir, S, Mirzaei, H, Mohammad, K, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Moossavi, M, Moradi, G, Moradpour, F, Moradzadeh, R, Nahvijou, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Negru, S, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, T, Ningrum, D, Ogbo, F, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Pana, A, Pereira, D, Pirestani, M, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rahmati, M, Rajati, F, Raoofi, S, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reiner, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Saad, A, Saadatagah, S, Saddik, B, Salehi, F, Zahabi, S, Salz, I, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric Milicevic, M, Sarveazad, A, Satpathy, M, Schneider, I, Sekerija, M, Shaahmadi, F, Shabaninejad, H, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharafi, Z, Sharif, M, Sharifi, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shirkoohi, R, Siddappa Malleshappa, S, Silva, D, Sisay, M, Smarandache, C, Soofi, M, Soreide, K, Soshnikov, S, Starodubov, V, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Sullman, M, Taherkhani, A, Tesfay, B, Topor-Madry, R, Traini, E, Tran, B, Tran, K, Ullah, I, Uthman, O, Vacante, M, Vahedian-Azimi, A, Valli, A, Varavikova, E, Vujcic, I, Westerman, R, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yisma, E, Yu, C, Zadnik, V, Zahirian Moghadam, T, Zaki, L, Zandian, H, Zhang, Z, Murray, C, Naghavi, M, Malekzadeh, R, Safiri S., Sepanlou S. G., Ikuta K. S., Bisignano C., Salimzadeh H., Delavari A., Ansari R., Roshandel G., Merat S., Fitzmaurice C., Force L. M., Nixon M. R., Abbastabar H., Abegaz K. H., Afarideh M., Ahmadi A., Ahmed M. B., Akinyemiju T., Alahdab F., Ali R., Alikhani M., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Almadi M. A. H., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Raddadi R. M., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini S., Anber N. H., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Arabloo J., Arefi Z., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Azadmehr A., Badawi A., Baheiraei N., Barnighausen T. W., Basaleem H., Behzadifar M., Belayneh Y. M., Berhe K., Bhattacharyya K., Biadgo B., Bijani A., Biondi A., Bjorge T., Borzi A. M., Bosetti C., Bou-Orm I. R., Brenner H., Briko A. N., Briko N. I., Carreras G., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Cerin E., Chiang P. P. -C., Chido-Amajuoyi O. G., Daryani A., Davitoiu D. V., Demoz G. T., Desai R., Dianati Nasab M., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., Elbarazi I., Emamian M. H., Endries A. Y., Esmaeilzadeh F., Esteghamati A., Etemadi A., Farzadfar F., Fernandes E., Fernandes J. C., Filip I., Fischer F., Foroutan M., Gad M. M., Gallus S., Ghaseni-Kebria F., Ghashghaee A., Gorini G., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hasanpour-Heidari S., Hasanzadeh A., Hassanipour S., Hay S. I., Hoang C. L., Hostiuc M., Househ M., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic M. D., Innos K., Irvani S. S. N., Islami F., Jaca A., Jafari Balalami N., Jafari Delouei N., Jafarinia M., Jahani M. A., Jakovljevic M., James S. L., Javanbakht M., Jenabi E., Jha R. P., Joukar F., Kasaeian A., Kassa T. D., Kassaw M. W., Kengne A. P., Khader Y. S., Khaksarian M., Khalilov R., Khan E. A., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaee-Pool M., Khazaei S., Khosravi Shadmani F., Khubchandani J., Kim D., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kocarnik J. M., Komaki H., Kopec J. A., Koyanagi A., Kuipers E. J., Kumar V., La Vecchia C., Lami F. H., Lopez A. D., Lopukhov P. D., Lunevicius R., Majeed A., Majidinia M., Manafi A., Manafi N., Manda A. -L., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mantovani L. G., Mehta D., Meier T., Meles H. G., Mendoza W., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Mir S. M., Mirzaei H., Mohammad K. A., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani M., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A. H., Monasta L., Moossavi M., Moradi G., Moradpour F., Moradzadeh R., Nahvijou A., Naik G., Najafi F., Nazari J., Negoi I., Negru S., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen T. H., Ningrum D. N. A., Ogbo F. A., Olagunju A. T., Olagunju T. O., Pana A., Pereira D. M., Pirestani M., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Qorbani M., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rahmati M., Rajati F., Raoofi S., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Reiner R. C., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Saad A. M., Saadatagah S., Saddik B., Salehi F., Zahabi S. S., Salz I., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Santric Milicevic M. M., Sarveazad A., Satpathy M., Schneider I. J. C., Sekerija M., Shaahmadi F., Shabaninejad H., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi Z., Sharif M., Sharifi A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shirkoohi R., Siddappa Malleshappa S. K., Silva D. A. S., Sisay M., Smarandache C. -G., Soofi M., Soreide K., Soshnikov S., Starodubov V. I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Sullman M., Taherkhani A., Tesfay B. E., Topor-Madry R., Traini E., Tran B. X., Tran K. B., Ullah I., Uthman O. A., Vacante M., Vahedian-Azimi A., Valli A., Varavikova E., Vujcic I. S., Westerman R., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yisma E., Yu C., Zadnik V., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zaki L., Zandian H., Zhang Z. -J., Murray C. J. L., Naghavi M., Malekzadeh R., Safiri, S, Sepanlou, S, Ikuta, K, Bisignano, C, Salimzadeh, H, Delavari, A, Ansari, R, Roshandel, G, Merat, S, Fitzmaurice, C, Force, L, Nixon, M, Abbastabar, H, Abegaz, K, Afarideh, M, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, M, Akinyemiju, T, Alahdab, F, Ali, R, Alikhani, M, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Almadi, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Raddadi, R, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, S, Anber, N, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Arabloo, J, Arefi, Z, Asghari Jafarabadi, M, Azadmehr, A, Badawi, A, Baheiraei, N, Barnighausen, T, Basaleem, H, Behzadifar, M, Belayneh, Y, Berhe, K, Bhattacharyya, K, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bjorge, T, Borzi, A, Bosetti, C, Bou-Orm, I, Brenner, H, Briko, A, Briko, N, Carreras, G, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Cerin, E, Chiang, P, Chido-Amajuoyi, O, Daryani, A, Davitoiu, D, Demoz, G, Desai, R, Dianati Nasab, M, Eftekhari, A, El Sayed, I, Elbarazi, I, Emamian, M, Endries, A, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, A, Etemadi, A, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, M, Gallus, S, Ghaseni-Kebria, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gorini, G, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hasanpour-Heidari, S, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassanipour, S, Hay, S, Hoang, C, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, M, Innos, K, Irvani, S, Islami, F, Jaca, A, Jafari Balalami, N, Jafari Delouei, N, Jafarinia, M, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Javanbakht, M, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Joukar, F, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, T, Kassaw, M, Kengne, A, Khader, Y, Khaksarian, M, Khalilov, R, Khan, E, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaee-Pool, M, Khazaei, S, Khosravi Shadmani, F, Khubchandani, J, Kim, D, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kocarnik, J, Komaki, H, Kopec, J, Koyanagi, A, Kuipers, E, Kumar, V, La Vecchia, C, Lami, F, Lopez, A, Lopukhov, P, Lunevicius, R, Majeed, A, Majidinia, M, Manafi, A, Manafi, N, Manda, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mantovani, L, Mehta, D, Meier, T, Meles, H, Mendoza, W, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Mir, S, Mirzaei, H, Mohammad, K, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Moossavi, M, Moradi, G, Moradpour, F, Moradzadeh, R, Nahvijou, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Negru, S, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, T, Ningrum, D, Ogbo, F, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Pana, A, Pereira, D, Pirestani, M, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rahmati, M, Rajati, F, Raoofi, S, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reiner, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Saad, A, Saadatagah, S, Saddik, B, Salehi, F, Zahabi, S, Salz, I, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric Milicevic, M, Sarveazad, A, Satpathy, M, Schneider, I, Sekerija, M, Shaahmadi, F, Shabaninejad, H, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharafi, Z, Sharif, M, Sharifi, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shirkoohi, R, Siddappa Malleshappa, S, Silva, D, Sisay, M, Smarandache, C, Soofi, M, Soreide, K, Soshnikov, S, Starodubov, V, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Sullman, M, Taherkhani, A, Tesfay, B, Topor-Madry, R, Traini, E, Tran, B, Tran, K, Ullah, I, Uthman, O, Vacante, M, Vahedian-Azimi, A, Valli, A, Varavikova, E, Vujcic, I, Westerman, R, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yisma, E, Yu, C, Zadnik, V, Zahirian Moghadam, T, Zaki, L, Zandian, H, Zhang, Z, Murray, C, Naghavi, M, Malekzadeh, R, Safiri S., Sepanlou S. G., Ikuta K. S., Bisignano C., Salimzadeh H., Delavari A., Ansari R., Roshandel G., Merat S., Fitzmaurice C., Force L. M., Nixon M. R., Abbastabar H., Abegaz K. H., Afarideh M., Ahmadi A., Ahmed M. B., Akinyemiju T., Alahdab F., Ali R., Alikhani M., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Almadi M. A. H., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Raddadi R. M., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini S., Anber N. H., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Arabloo J., Arefi Z., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Azadmehr A., Badawi A., Baheiraei N., Barnighausen T. W., Basaleem H., Behzadifar M., Belayneh Y. M., Berhe K., Bhattacharyya K., Biadgo B., Bijani A., Biondi A., Bjorge T., Borzi A. M., Bosetti C., Bou-Orm I. R., Brenner H., Briko A. N., Briko N. I., Carreras G., Carvalho F., Castaneda-Orjuela C. A., Cerin E., Chiang P. P. -C., Chido-Amajuoyi O. G., Daryani A., Davitoiu D. V., Demoz G. T., Desai R., Dianati Nasab M., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., Elbarazi I., Emamian M. H., Endries A. Y., Esmaeilzadeh F., Esteghamati A., Etemadi A., Farzadfar F., Fernandes E., Fernandes J. C., Filip I., Fischer F., Foroutan M., Gad M. M., Gallus S., Ghaseni-Kebria F., Ghashghaee A., Gorini G., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hasanpour-Heidari S., Hasanzadeh A., Hassanipour S., Hay S. I., Hoang C. L., Hostiuc M., Househ M., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic M. D., Innos K., Irvani S. S. N., Islami F., Jaca A., Jafari Balalami N., Jafari Delouei N., Jafarinia M., Jahani M. A., Jakovljevic M., James S. L., Javanbakht M., Jenabi E., Jha R. P., Joukar F., Kasaeian A., Kassa T. D., Kassaw M. W., Kengne A. P., Khader Y. S., Khaksarian M., Khalilov R., Khan E. A., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaee-Pool M., Khazaei S., Khosravi Shadmani F., Khubchandani J., Kim D., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kocarnik J. M., Komaki H., Kopec J. A., Koyanagi A., Kuipers E. J., Kumar V., La Vecchia C., Lami F. H., Lopez A. D., Lopukhov P. D., Lunevicius R., Majeed A., Majidinia M., Manafi A., Manafi N., Manda A. -L., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mantovani L. G., Mehta D., Meier T., Meles H. G., Mendoza W., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Mir S. M., Mirzaei H., Mohammad K. A., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani M., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A. H., Monasta L., Moossavi M., Moradi G., Moradpour F., Moradzadeh R., Nahvijou A., Naik G., Najafi F., Nazari J., Negoi I., Negru S., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen T. H., Ningrum D. N. A., Ogbo F. A., Olagunju A. T., Olagunju T. O., Pana A., Pereira D. M., Pirestani M., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Qorbani M., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rahmati M., Rajati F., Raoofi S., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Reiner R. C., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Saad A. M., Saadatagah S., Saddik B., Salehi F., Zahabi S. S., Salz I., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Santric Milicevic M. M., Sarveazad A., Satpathy M., Schneider I. J. C., Sekerija M., Shaahmadi F., Shabaninejad H., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi Z., Sharif M., Sharifi A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shirkoohi R., Siddappa Malleshappa S. K., Silva D. A. S., Sisay M., Smarandache C. -G., Soofi M., Soreide K., Soshnikov S., Starodubov V. I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Sullman M., Taherkhani A., Tesfay B. E., Topor-Madry R., Traini E., Tran B. X., Tran K. B., Ullah I., Uthman O. A., Vacante M., Vahedian-Azimi A., Valli A., Varavikova E., Vujcic I. S., Westerman R., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yisma E., Yu C., Zadnik V., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zaki L., Zandian H., Zhang Z. -J., Murray C. J. L., Naghavi M., and Malekzadeh R.
Abstract: Background: Data about the global, regional, and country-specific variations in the levels and trends of colorectal cancer are required to understand the impact of this disease and the trends in its burden to help policy makers allocate resources. Here we provide a status report on the incidence, mortality, and disability caused by colorectal cancer in 195 countries and territories between 1990 and 2017. Methods: Vital registration, sample vital registration, verbal autopsy, and cancer registry data were used to generate incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) estimates of colorectal cancer at the global, regional, and national levels. We also determined the association between development levels and colorectal cancer age-standardised DALY rates, and calculated DALYs attributable to risk factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer. All of the estimates are reported as counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 person-years, with some estimates also presented by sex and 5-year age groups. Findings: In 2017, there were 1·8 million (95% UI 1·8–1·9) incident cases of colorectal cancer globally, with an age-standardised incidence rate of 23·2 (22·7–23·7) per 100 000 person-years that increased by 9·5% (4·5–13·5) between 1990 and 2017. Globally, colorectal cancer accounted for 896 000 (876 300–915 700) deaths in 2017, with an age-standardised death rate of 11·5 (11·3–11·8) per 100 000 person-years, which decreased between 1990 and 2017 (−13·5% [–18·4 to −10·0]). Colorectal cancer was also responsible for 19·0 million (18·5–19·5) DALYs globally in 2017, with an age-standardised rate of 235·7 (229·7–242·0) DALYs per 100 000 person-years, which decreased between 1990 and 2017 (−14·5% [–20·4 to −10·3]). Slovakia, the Netherlands, and New Zealand had the highest age-standardised incidence rates in 2017. Greenland, Hungary, and Slovakia had the highest age-standardised death rates in 2017. Numbers of incident cases and deaths were higher
Published: 2019

16. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Author: Fitzmaurice, C, Abate, D, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdel-Rahman, O, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulle, A, Abebe, N, Abraha, H, Abu-Raddad, L, Abualhasan, A, Adedeji, I, Advani, S, Afarideh, M, Afshari, M, Aghaali, M, Agius, D, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadian, E, Ahmadpour, E, Ahmed, M, Akbari, M, Akinyemiju, T, Al-Aly, Z, Alabdulkader, A, Alahdab, F, Alam, T, Alamene, G, Alemnew, B, Alene, K, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Bakeshei, F, Almadi, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alsharif, U, Alsowaidi, S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, E, Amini, S, Amoako, Y, Anbari, Z, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansariadi, A, Appiah, S, Arab-Zozani, M, Arabloo, J, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Areri, H, Artaman, A, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, E, Ashagre, A, Assadi, R, Ataeinia, B, Atalay, H, Ataro, Z, Atique, S, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Awoke, N, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Ayele, H, Babaee, E, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Bagherzadeh, M, Bagli, E, Balakrishnan, S, Balouchi, A, Barnighausen, T, Battista, R, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, B, Belay, Y, Belayneh, Y, Berfield, K, Berhane, A, Bernabe, E, Beuran, M, Bhakta, N, Bhattacharyya, K, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Bin Sayeed, M, Birungi, C, Bisignano, C, Bitew, H, Bjorge, T, Bleyer, A, Bogale, K, Bojia, H, Borzi, A, Bosetti, C, Bou-Orm, I, Brenner, H, Brewer, J, Briko, A, Briko, N, Bustamante-Teixeira, M, Butt, Z, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castro, C, Castro, F, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Chaiah, Y, Chanie, W, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, P, Chauhan, N, Chehrazi, M, Chiang, P, Chichiabellu, T, Chido-Amajuoyi, O, Chimed-Ochir, O, Choi, J, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Constantin, M, Costa, V, Crocetti, E, Crowe, C, Curado, M, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Darwish, A, Daryani, A, Das Neves, J, Demeke, F, Demis, A, Demissie, B, Demoz, G, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Derakhshani, A, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Desalegn, B, Desta, M, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Dinberu, M, Djalalinia, S, Doku, D, Drake, T, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duken, E, Ebrahimi, H, Effiong, A, Eftekhari, A, El Sayed, I, Zaki, M, El-Jaafary, S, El-Khatib, Z, Elemineh, D, Elkout, H, Ellenbogen, R, Elsharkawy, A, Emamian, M, Endalew, D, Endries, A, Eshrati, B, Fadhil, I, Fallah, V, Faramarzi, M, Farhangi, M, Farioli, A, Farzadfar, F, Fentahun, N, Fernandes, E, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Force, L, Foroutan, M, Freitas, M, Fukumoto, T, Futran, N, Gallus, S, Gankpe, F, Gayesa, R, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebremeskel, G, Gedefaw, G, Gelaw, B, Geta, B, Getachew, S, Gezae, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gill, P, Ginindza, T, Girmay, A, Gizaw, M, Gomez, R, Gopalani, S, Gorini, G, Goulart, B, Grada, A, Ribeiro Guerra, M, Guimaraes, A, Gupta, P, Gupta, R, Hadkhale, K, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Hanfore, L, Haro, J, Hasankhani, M, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassen, H, Hay, R, Hay, S, Henok, A, Henry, N, Herteliu, C, Hidru, H, Hoang, C, Hole, M, Hoogar, P, Horita, N, Hosgood, H, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hussen, M, Ileanu, B, Ilic, M, Innos, K, Irvani, S, Iseh, K, Islam, S, Islami, F, Jafari Balalami, N, Jafarinia, M, Jahangiry, L, Jahani, M, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Javanbakht, M, Jayaraman, S, Jee, S, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Jonas, J, Jonnagaddala, J, Joo, T, Jungari, S, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kamangar, F, Karch, A, Karimi, N, Karimian, A, Kasaeian, A, Kasahun, G, Kassa, B, Kassa, T, Kassaw, M, Kaul, A, Keiyoro, P, Kelbore, A, Kerbo, A, Khader, Y, Khalilarjmandi, M, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khang, Y, Khatab, K, Khater, A, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaee-Pool, M, Khazaei, S, Khoja, A, Khosravi, M, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kim, D, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Komaki, H, Koyanagi, A, Krohn, K, Bicer, B, Kugbey, N, Kumar, V, Kuupiel, D, La Vecchia, C, Lad, D, Lake, E, Lakew, A, Lal, D, Lami, F, Lan, Q, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lazarus, J, Leigh, J, Leshargie, C, Liao, Y, Limenih, M, Listl, S, Lopez, A, Lopukhov, P, Lunevicius, R, Madadin, M, Magdeldin, S, El Razek, H, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Manafi, A, Manafi, N, Manamo, W, Mansourian, M, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Maroufizadeh, S, Martini, S, Mashamba-Thompson, T, Massenburg, B, Maswabi, M, Mathur, M, Mcalinden, C, Mckee, M, Meheretu, H, Mehrotra, R, Mehta, V, Meier, T, Melaku, Y, Meles, G, Meles, H, Melese, A, Melku, M, Memiah, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Merat, S, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Mihretie, K, Miller, T, Mills, E, Mir, S, Mirzaei, H, Mishra, R, Moazen, B, Mohammad, D, Mohammad, K, Mohammad, Y, Darwesh, A, Mohammadbeigi, A, Mohammadi, H, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadian, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, A, Mohammed, J, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, Moossavi, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Joo, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradpour, F, Morawska, L, Morgado-Da-costa, J, Morisaki, N, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mousavi, S, Muche, A, Muhammed, O, Musa, J, Nabhan, A, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Nagel, G, Nahvijou, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Naldi, L, Nam, H, Nasiri, N, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Neupane, S, Newcomb, P, Nggada, H, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nikniaz, L, Ningrum, D, Nirayo, Y, Nixon, M, Nnaji, C, Nojomi, M, Nosratnejad, S, Shiadeh, M, Obsa, M, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Oluwasanu, M, Omonisi, A, Onwujekwe, O, Oommen, A, Oren, E, Ortega-Altamirano, D, Ota, E, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakhale, S, Pakpour, A, Pana, A, Park, E, Parsian, H, Pashaei, T, Patel, S, Patil, S, Pennini, A, Pereira, D, Piccinelli, C, Pillay, J, Pirestani, M, Pishgar, F, Postma, M, Pourjafar, H, Pourmalek, F, Pourshams, A, Prakash, S, Prasad, N, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, M, Rahman, M, Rajati, F, Rana, S, Raoofi, S, Rath, G, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reiner, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, A, Ribeiro, D, Ronfani, L, 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K, Tsadik, A, Ullah, I, Uthman, O, Vacante, M, Vaezi, M, Varona Perez, P, Veisani, Y, Vidale, S, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vollset, S, Vos, T, Vosoughi, K, Vu, G, Vujcic, I, Wabinga, H, Wachamo, T, Wagnew, F, Waheed, Y, Weldegebreal, F, Weldesamuel, G, Wijeratne, T, Wondafrash, D, Wonde, T, Wondmieneh, A, Workie, H, Yadav, R, Yadegar, A, Yadollahpour, A, Yaseri, M, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaneh, A, Yimam, M, Yimer, E, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yousefi, B, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Zabeh, E, Zadnik, V, Moghadam, T, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zandian, H, Zangeneh, A, Zaki, L, Zendehdel, K, Zenebe, Z, Zewale, T, Ziapour, A, Zodpey, S, Murray, C, Fitzmaurice C., Abate D., Abbasi N., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdel-Rahman O., Abdelalim A., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulle A. S. M., Abebe N. D., Abraha H. N., Abu-Raddad L. J., Abualhasan A., Adedeji I. A., Advani S. M., Afarideh M., Afshari M., Aghaali M., Agius D., Agrawal S., Ahmadi A., Ahmadian E., Ahmadpour E., Ahmed M. B., Akbari M. E., Akinyemiju T., Al-Aly Z., Alabdulkader A. M., Alahdab F., Alam T., Alamene G. M., Alemnew B. T. T., Alene K. A., Alinia C., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Bakeshei F. A., Almadi M. A. H., Almasi-Hashiani A., Alsharif U., Alsowaidi S., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini E., Amini S., Amoako Y. A., Anbari Z., Anber N. H., Andrei C. L., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansariadi A., Appiah S. C. Y., Arab-Zozani M., Arabloo J., Arefi Z., Aremu O., Areri H. A., Artaman A., Asayesh H., Asfaw E. T., Ashagre A. F., Assadi R., Ataeinia B., Atalay H. T., Ataro Z., Atique S., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Avokpaho E. F. G. A., Awasthi A., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B. P., Ayanore M. A., Ayele H. T., Babaee E., Bacha U., Badawi A., Bagherzadeh M., Bagli E., Balakrishnan S., Balouchi A., Barnighausen T. W., Battista R. J., Behzadifar M., Bekele B. B., Belay Y. B., Belayneh Y. M., Berfield K. K. S., Berhane A., Bernabe E., Beuran M., Bhakta N., Bhattacharyya K., Biadgo B., Bijani A., Bin Sayeed M. S., Birungi C., Bisignano C., Bitew H., Bjorge T., Bleyer A., Bogale K. A., Bojia H. A., Borzi A. M., Bosetti C., Bou-Orm I. R., Brenner H., Brewer J. D., Briko A. N., Briko N. I., Bustamante-Teixeira M. T., Butt Z. A., Carreras G., Carrero J. J., Carvalho F., Castro C., Castro F., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chaiah Y., Chanie W. F., Chattu V. K., Chaturvedi P., Chauhan N. S., Chehrazi M., Chiang P. P. -C., Chichiabellu T. Y., Chido-Amajuoyi O. G., Chimed-Ochir O., Choi J. -Y. J., Christopher D. J., Chu D. -T., Constantin M. -M., Costa V. M., Crocetti E., Crowe C. S., Curado M. P., Dahlawi S. M. A., Damiani G., Darwish A. H., Daryani A., Das Neves J., Demeke F. M., Demis A. B., Demissie B. W., Demoz G. T., Denova-Gutierrez E., Derakhshani A., Deribe K. S., Desai R., Desalegn B. B., Desta M., Dey S., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhimal M., Diaz D., Dinberu M. T. T., Djalalinia S., Doku D. T., Drake T. M., Dubey M., Dubljanin E., Duken E. E., Ebrahimi H., Effiong A., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., Zaki M. E. S., El-Jaafary S. I., El-Khatib Z., Elemineh D. A., Elkout H., Ellenbogen R. G., Elsharkawy A., Emamian M. H., Endalew D. A., Endries A. Y., Eshrati B., Fadhil I., Fallah V., Faramarzi M., Farhangi M. A., Farioli A., Farzadfar F., Fentahun N., Fernandes E., Feyissa G. T., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J. L., Force L. M., Foroutan M., Freitas M., Fukumoto T., Futran N. D., Gallus S., Gankpe F. G., Gayesa R. T., Gebrehiwot T. T., Gebremeskel G. G., Gedefaw G. A., Gelaw B. K., Geta B., Getachew S., Gezae K. E., Ghafourifard M., Ghajar A., Ghashghaee A., Gholamian A., Gill P. S., Ginindza T. T. G., Girmay A., Gizaw M., Gomez R. S., Gopalani S. V., Gorini G., Goulart B. N. G., Grada A., Ribeiro Guerra M., Guimaraes A. L. S., Gupta P. C., Gupta R., Hadkhale K., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R. R., Hamidi S., Hanfore L. K., Haro J. M., Hasankhani M., Hasanzadeh A., Hassen H. Y., Hay R. J., Hay S. I., Henok A., Henry N. J., Herteliu C., Hidru H. D., Hoang C. L., Hole M. K., Hoogar P., Horita N., Hosgood H. D., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hussen M. M., Ileanu B., Ilic M. D., Innos K., Irvani S. S. N., Iseh K. R., Islam S. M. S., Islami F., Jafari Balalami N., Jafarinia M., Jahangiry L., Jahani M. A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., James S. L., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S., Jee S. H., Jenabi E., Jha R. P., Jonas J. B., Jonnagaddala J., Joo T., Jungari S. B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kamangar F., Karch A., Karimi N., Karimian A., Kasaeian A., Kasahun G. G., Kassa B., Kassa T. D., Kassaw M. W., Kaul A., Keiyoro P. N., Kelbore A. G., Kerbo A. A., Khader Y. S., Khalilarjmandi M., Khan E. A., Khan G., Khang Y. -H., Khatab K., Khater A., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaee-Pool M., Khazaei S., Khoja A. T., Khosravi M. H., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim D., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Komaki H., Koyanagi A., Krohn K. J., Bicer B. K., Kugbey N., Kumar V., Kuupiel D., La Vecchia C., Lad D. P., Lake E. A., Lakew A. M., Lal D. K., Lami F. H., Lan Q., Lasrado S., Lauriola P., Lazarus J. V., Leigh J., Leshargie C. T., Liao Y., Limenih M. A., Listl S., Lopez A. D., Lopukhov P. D., Lunevicius R., Madadin M., Magdeldin S., El Razek H. M. A., Majeed A., Maleki A., Malekzadeh R., Manafi A., Manafi N., Manamo W. A., Mansourian M., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Maroufizadeh S., Martini S. M. S., Mashamba-Thompson T. P., Massenburg B. B., Maswabi M. T., Mathur M. R., McAlinden C., McKee M., Meheretu H. A. A., Mehrotra R., Mehta V., Meier T., Melaku Y. A., Meles G. G., Meles H. G., Melese A., Melku M., Memiah P. T. N., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Merat S., Meretoja T. J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Mihretie K. M. M., Miller T. R., Mills E. J., Mir S. M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei H. R., Mishra R., Moazen B., Mohammad D. K., Mohammad K. A., Mohammad Y., Darwesh A. M., Mohammadbeigi A., Mohammadi H., Mohammadi M., Mohammadian M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani M., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed A. S., Mohammed J. A., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A. H., Monasta L., Moodley Y., Moosazadeh M., Moossavi M., Moradi G., Moradi-Joo M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradpour F., Morawska L., Morgado-Da-costa J., Morisaki N., Morrison S. D., Mosapour A., Mousavi S. M., Muche A. A., Muhammed O. S. S., Musa J., Nabhan A. R., Naderi M., Nagarajan A. J., Nagel G., Nahvijou A., Naik G., Najafi F., Naldi L., Nam H. S., Nasiri N., Nazari J., Negoi I., Neupane S., Newcomb P. A., Nggada H. A., Ngunjiri J. W., Nguyen C. T., Nikniaz L., Ningrum D. N. A., Nirayo Y. L., Nixon M. R., Nnaji C. A., Nojomi M., Nosratnejad S., Shiadeh M. N., Obsa M. S., Ofori-Asenso R., Ogbo F. A., Oh I. -H., Olagunju A. T., Olagunju T. O., Oluwasanu M. M., Omonisi A. E., Onwujekwe O. E., Oommen A. M., Oren E., Ortega-Altamirano D. D. V., Ota E., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., P A M., Padubidri J. R., Pakhale S., Pakpour A. H., Pana A., Park E. -K., Parsian H., Pashaei T., Patel S., Patil S. T., Pennini A., Pereira D. M., Piccinelli C., Pillay J. D., Pirestani M., Pishgar F., Postma M. J., Pourjafar H., Pourmalek F., Pourshams A., Prakash S., Prasad N., Qorbani M., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi M., Rahman M. A., Rajati F., Rana S. M., Raoofi S., Rath G. K., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Reiner R. C., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A. I., Ribeiro D., Ronfani L., Roro E. M., Roshandel G., Rostami A., Saad R. S., Sabbagh P., Sabour S., Saddik B., Safiri S., Sahebkar A., Salahshoor M. R., Salehi F., Salem H., Salem M. R., Salimzadeh H., Salomon J. A., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Santric Milicevic M. M., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Savic M., Sawhney M., Sayyah M., Schneider I. J. 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E., Onwujekwe O. E., Oommen A. M., Oren E., Ortega-Altamirano D. D. V., Ota E., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., P A M., Padubidri J. R., Pakhale S., Pakpour A. H., Pana A., Park E. -K., Parsian H., Pashaei T., Patel S., Patil S. T., Pennini A., Pereira D. M., Piccinelli C., Pillay J. D., Pirestani M., Pishgar F., Postma M. J., Pourjafar H., Pourmalek F., Pourshams A., Prakash S., Prasad N., Qorbani M., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi M., Rahman M. A., Rajati F., Rana S. M., Raoofi S., Rath G. K., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Reiner R. C., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A. I., Ribeiro D., Ronfani L., Roro E. M., Roshandel G., Rostami A., Saad R. S., Sabbagh P., Sabour S., Saddik B., Safiri S., Sahebkar A., Salahshoor M. R., Salehi F., Salem H., Salem M. R., Salimzadeh H., Salomon J. A., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Santric Milicevic M. M., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Savic M., Sawhney M., Sayyah M., Schneider I. J. 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Abstract: Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs fo
Published: 2019

17. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author: Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration, Fitzmaurice C, Abate D, Abbasi N, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdel-Rahman O, Abdelalim A, Abdoli A, Abdollahpour I, Abdulle ASM, Abebe ND, Abraha HN, Abu-Raddad LJ, Abualhasan A, Adedeji IA, Advani SM, Afarideh M, Afshari M, Aghaali M, Agius D, Agrawal S, Ahmadi A, Ahmadian E, Ahmadpour E, Ahmed MB, Akbari ME, Akinyemiju T, Al-Aly Z, AlAbdulKader AM, Alahdab F, Alam T, Alamene GM, Alemnew BTT, Alene KA, Alinia C, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Bakeshei FA, Almadi MAH, Almasi-Hashiani A, Alsharif U, Alsowaidi S, Alvis-Guzman N, Amini E, Amini S, Amoako YA, Anbari Z, Anber NH, Andrei CL, Anjomshoa M, Ansari F, Ansariadi A, Appiah SCY, Arab-Zozani M, Arabloo J, Arefi Z, Aremu O, Areri HA, Artaman A, Asayesh H, Asfaw ET, Ashagre AF, Assadi R, Ataeinia B, Atalay HT, Ataro Z, Atique S, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Avokpaho EFGA, Awasthi A, Awoke N, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayanore MA, Ayele HT, Babaee E, Bacha U, Badawi A, Bagherzadeh M, Bagli E, Balakrishnan S, Balouchi A, Bärnighausen TW, Battista RJ, Behzadifar M, Bekele BB, Belay YB, Belayneh YM, Berfield KKS, Berhane A, Bernabe E, Beuran M, Bhakta N, Bhattacharyya K, Biadgo B, Bijani A, Bin Sayeed MS, Birungi C, Bisignano C, Bitew H, Bjørge T, Bleyer A, Bogale KA, Bojia HA, Borzì AM, Bosetti C, Bou-Orm IR, Brenner H, Brewer JD, Briko AN, Briko NI, Bustamante-Teixeira MT, Butt ZA, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Castro C, Castro F, Catalá-López F, Cerin E, Chaiah Y, Chanie WF, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi P, Chauhan NS, Chehrazi M, Chiang PP, Chichiabellu TY, Chido-Amajuoyi OG, Chimed-Ochir O, Choi JJ, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Constantin MM, Costa VM, Crocetti E, Crowe CS, Curado MP, Dahlawi SMA, Damiani G, Darwish AH, Daryani A, das Neves J, Demeke FM, Demis AB, Demissie BW, Demoz GT, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Derakhshani A, Deribe KS, Desai R, Desalegn BB, Desta M, Dey S, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal M, Diaz D, Dinberu MTT, Djalalinia S, Doku DT, Drake TM, Dubey M, Dubljanin E, Duken EE, Ebrahimi H, Effiong A, Eftekhari A, El Sayed I, Zaki MES, El-Jaafary SI, El-Khatib Z, Elemineh DA, Elkout H, Ellenbogen RG, Elsharkawy A, Emamian MH, Endalew DA, Endries AY, Eshrati B, Fadhil I, Fallah V, Faramarzi M, Farhangi MA, Farioli A, Farzadfar F, Fentahun N, Fernandes E, Feyissa GT, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Force LM, Foroutan M, Freitas M, Fukumoto T, Futran ND, Gallus S, Gankpe FG, Gayesa RT, Gebrehiwot TT, Gebremeskel GG, Gedefaw GA, Gelaw BK, Geta B, Getachew S, Gezae KE, Ghafourifard M, Ghajar A, Ghashghaee A, Gholamian A, Gill PS, Ginindza TTG, Girmay A, Gizaw M, Gomez RS, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Goulart BNG, Grada A, Ribeiro Guerra M, Guimaraes ALS, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Hadkhale K, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Hanfore LK, Haro JM, Hasankhani M, Hasanzadeh A, Hassen HY, Hay RJ, Hay SI, Henok A, Henry NJ, Herteliu C, Hidru HD, Hoang CL, Hole MK, Hoogar P, Horita N, Hosgood HD, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hussen MM, Ileanu B, Ilic MD, Innos K, Irvani SSN, Iseh KR, Islam SMS, Islami F, Jafari Balalami N, Jafarinia M, Jahangiry L, Jahani MA, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, James SL, Javanbakht M, Jayaraman S, Jee SH, Jenabi E, Jha RP, Jonas JB, Jonnagaddala J, Joo T, Jungari SB, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kamangar F, Karch A, Karimi N, Karimian A, Kasaeian A, Kasahun GG, Kassa B, Kassa TD, Kassaw MW, Kaul A, Keiyoro PN, Kelbore AG, Kerbo AA, Khader YS, Khalilarjmandi M, Khan EA, Khan G, Khang YH, Khatab K, Khater A, Khayamzadeh M, Khazaee-Pool M, Khazaei S, Khoja AT, Khosravi MH, Khubchandani J, Kianipour N, Kim D, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Komaki H, Koyanagi A, Krohn KJ, Bicer BK, Kugbey N, Kumar V, Kuupiel D, La Vecchia C, Lad DP, Lake EA, Lakew AM, Lal DK, Lami FH, Lan Q, Lasrado S, Lauriola P, Lazarus JV, Leigh J, Leshargie CT, Liao Y, Limenih MA, Listl S, Lopez AD, Lopukhov PD, Lunevicius R, Madadin M, Magdeldin S, El Razek HMA, Majeed A, Maleki A, Malekzadeh R, Manafi A, Manafi N, Manamo WA, Mansourian M, Mansournia MA, Mantovani LG, Maroufizadeh S, Martini SMS, Mashamba-Thompson TP, Massenburg BB, Maswabi MT, Mathur MR, McAlinden C, McKee M, Meheretu HAA, Mehrotra R, Mehta V, Meier T, Melaku YA, Meles GG, Meles HG, Melese A, Melku M, Memiah PTN, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Merat S, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Mihretie KMM, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Mir SM, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei HR, Mishra R, Moazen B, Mohammad DK, Mohammad KA, Mohammad Y, Darwesh AM, Mohammadbeigi A, Mohammadi H, Mohammadi M, Mohammadian M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani M, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed AS, Mohammed JA, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Moodley Y, Moosazadeh M, Moossavi M, Moradi G, Moradi-Joo M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradpour F, Morawska L, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morisaki N, Morrison SD, Mosapour A, Mousavi SM, Muche AA, Muhammed OSS, Musa J, Nabhan AR, Naderi M, Nagarajan AJ, Nagel G, Nahvijou A, Naik G, Najafi F, Naldi L, Nam HS, Nasiri N, Nazari J, Negoi I, Neupane S, Newcomb PA, Nggada HA, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CT, Nikniaz L, Ningrum DNA, Nirayo YL, Nixon MR, Nnaji CA, Nojomi M, Nosratnejad S, Shiadeh MN, Obsa MS, Ofori-Asenso R, Ogbo FA, Oh IH, Olagunju AT, Olagunju TO, Oluwasanu MM, Omonisi AE, Onwujekwe OE, Oommen AM, Oren E, Ortega-Altamirano DDV, Ota E, Otstavnov SS, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakhale S, Pakpour AH, Pana A, Park EK, Parsian H, Pashaei T, Patel S, Patil ST, Pennini A, Pereira DM, Piccinelli C, Pillay JD, Pirestani M, Pishgar F, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Pourmalek F, Pourshams A, Prakash S, Prasad N, Qorbani M, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi M, Rahman MA, Rajati F, Rana SM, Raoofi S, Rath GK, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Reiner RC, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Ribeiro AI, Ribeiro D, Ronfani L, Roro EM, Roshandel G, Rostami A, Saad RS, Sabbagh P, Sabour S, Saddik B, Safiri S, Sahebkar A, Salahshoor MR, Salehi F, Salem H, Salem MR, Salimzadeh H, Salomon JA, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Santric Milicevic MM, Sartorius B, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Savic M, Sawhney M, Sayyah M, Schneider IJC, Schöttker B, Sekerija M, Sepanlou SG, Sepehrimanesh M, Seyedmousavi S, Shaahmadi F, Shabaninejad H, Shahbaz M, Shaikh MA, Shamshirian A, Shamsizadeh M, Sharafi H, Sharafi Z, Sharif M, Sharifi A, Sharifi H, Sharma R, Sheikh A, Shirkoohi R, Shukla SR, Si S, Siabani S, Silva DAS, Silveira DGA, Singh A, Singh JA, Sisay S, Sitas F, Sobngwi E, Soofi M, Soriano JB, Stathopoulou V, Sufiyan MB, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Takahashi K, Tamtaji OR, Tarawneh MR, Tassew SG, Taymoori P, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah MH, Temsah O, Tesfay BE, Tesfay FH, Teshale MY, Tessema GA, Thapa S, Tlaye KG, Topor-Madry R, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran BX, Tran KB, Tsadik AG, Ullah I, Uthman OA, Vacante M, Vaezi M, Varona Pérez P, Veisani Y, Vidale S, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vollset SE, Vos T, Vosoughi K, Vu GT, Vujcic IS, Wabinga H, Wachamo TM, Wagnew FS, Waheed Y, Weldegebreal F, Weldesamuel GT, Wijeratne T, Wondafrash DZ, Wonde TE, Wondmieneh AB, Workie HM, Yadav R, Yadegar A, Yadollahpour A, Yaseri M, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yeshaneh A, Yimam MA, Yimer EM, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yousefi B, Yousefifard M, Yu C, Zabeh E, Zadnik V, Moghadam TZ, Zaidi Z, Zamani M, Zandian H, Zangeneh A, Zaki L, Zendehdel K, Zenebe ZM, Zewale TA, Ziapour A, Zodpey S, Murray CJL, Fitzmaurice C., Abate D., Abbasi N., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdel-Rahman O., Abdelalim A., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulle A.S.M., Abebe N.D., Abraha H.N., Abu-Raddad L.J., Abualhasan A., Adedeji I.A., Advani S.M., Afarideh M., Afshari M., Aghaali M., Agius D., Agrawal S., Ahmadi A., Ahmadian E., Ahmadpour E., Ahmed M.B., Akbari M.E., Akinyemiju T., Al-Aly Z., Alabdulkader A.M., Alahdab F., Alam T., Alamene G.M., Alemnew B.T.T., Alene K.A., Alinia C., Alipour V., Aljunid S.M., Bakeshei F.A., Almadi M.A.H., Almasi-Hashiani A., Alsharif U., Alsowaidi S., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini E., Amini S., Amoako Y.A., Anbari Z., Anber N.H., Andrei C.L., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansariadi A., Appiah S.C.Y., Arab-Zozani M., Arabloo J., Arefi Z., Aremu O., Areri H.A., Artaman A., Asayesh H., Asfaw E.T., Ashagre A.F., Assadi R., Ataeinia B., Atalay H.T., Ataro Z., Atique S., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Awasthi A., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayanore M.A., Ayele H.T., Babaee E., Bacha U., Badawi A., Bagherzadeh M., Bagli E., Balakrishnan S., Balouchi A., Barnighausen T.W., Battista R.J., Behzadifar M., Bekele B.B., Belay Y.B., Belayneh Y.M., Berfield K.K.S., Berhane A., Bernabe E., Beuran M., Bhakta N., Bhattacharyya K., Biadgo B., Bijani A., Bin Sayeed M.S., Birungi C., Bisignano C., Bitew H., Bjorge T., Bleyer A., Bogale K.A., Bojia H.A., Borzi A.M., Bosetti C., Bou-Orm I.R., Brenner H., Brewer J.D., Briko A.N., Briko N.I., Bustamante-Teixeira M.T., Butt Z.A., Carreras G., Carrero J.J., Carvalho F., Castro C., Castro F., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chaiah Y., Chanie W.F., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi P., Chauhan N.S., Chehrazi M., Chiang P.P.-C., Chichiabellu T.Y., Chido-Amajuoyi O.G., Chimed-Ochir O., Choi J.-Y.J., Christopher D.J., Chu D.-T., Constantin M.-M., Costa V.M., Crocetti E., Crowe C.S., Curado M.P., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Darwish A.H., Daryani A., Das Neves J., Demeke F.M., Demis A.B., Demissie B.W., Demoz G.T., Denova-Gutierrez E., Derakhshani A., Deribe K.S., Desai R., Desalegn B.B., Desta M., Dey S., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhimal M., Diaz D., Dinberu M.T.T., Djalalinia S., Doku D.T., Drake T.M., Dubey M., Dubljanin E., Duken E.E., Ebrahimi H., Effiong A., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., Zaki M.E.S., El-Jaafary S.I., El-Khatib Z., Elemineh D.A., Elkout H., Ellenbogen R.G., Elsharkawy A., Emamian M.H., Endalew D.A., Endries A.Y., Eshrati B., Fadhil I., Fallah V., Faramarzi M., Farhangi M.A., Farioli A., Farzadfar F., Fentahun N., Fernandes E., Feyissa G.T., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J.L., Force L.M., Foroutan M., Freitas M., Fukumoto T., Futran N.D., Gallus S., Gankpe F.G., Gayesa R.T., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebremeskel G.G., Gedefaw G.A., Gelaw B.K., Geta B., Getachew S., Gezae K.E., Ghafourifard M., Ghajar A., Ghashghaee A., Gholamian A., Gill P.S., Ginindza T.T.G., Girmay A., Gizaw M., Gomez R.S., Gopalani S.V., Gorini G., Goulart B.N.G., Grada A., Ribeiro Guerra M., Guimaraes A.L.S., Gupta P.C., Gupta R., Hadkhale K., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Hanfore L.K., Haro J.M., Hasankhani M., Hasanzadeh A., Hassen H.Y., Hay R.J., Hay S.I., Henok A., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Hidru H.D., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Hoogar P., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hussen M.M., Ileanu B., Ilic M.D., Innos K., Irvani S.S.N., Iseh K.R., Islam S.M.S., Islami F., Jafari Balalami N., Jafarinia M., Jahangiry L., Jahani M.A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., James S.L., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S., Jee S.H., Jenabi E., Jha R.P., Jonas J.B., Jonnagaddala J., Joo T., Jungari S.B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., 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Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vollset, S, Vos, T, Vosoughi, K, Vu, G, Vujcic, I, Wabinga, H, Wachamo, T, Wagnew, F, Waheed, Y, Weldegebreal, F, Weldesamuel, G, Wijeratne, T, Wondafrash, D, Wonde, T, Wondmieneh, A, Workie, H, Yadav, R, Yadegar, A, Yadollahpour, A, Yaseri, M, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaneh, A, Yimam, M, Yimer, E, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yousefi, B, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Zabeh, E, Zadnik, V, Moghadam, T, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zandian, H, Zangeneh, A, Zaki, L, Zendehdel, K, Zenebe, Z, Zewale, T, Ziapour, A, Zodpey, S, Murray, C, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Abate, Degu, Abbasi, Naghmeh, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Yisma, Engida, Murray, Christopher JL, and Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration
Subjects: Cancer Research, age distribution, cancer incidence, Colorectal cancer, GBD, DALY, cancer risk, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, disease burden, cause of death, trachea cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, systematic review, Neoplasms, quality adjusted life year, 11. Sustainability, Epidemiology, cancer mortality, 030212 general & internal medicine, years of life lost, Stomach cancer, fertility, disabled person, stomach cancer, disability-adjusted life year, nonhodgkin lymphoma, Incidence, 1. No poverty, prostate cancer, 3. Good health, income, Oncology, risk factor, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, bladder cancer, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, medicine.medical_specialty, sex difference, 3122 Cancers, colorectal cancer, bronchus cancer, Article, educational status, Causes of cancer, liver cancer, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer, breast cancer, Environmental health, geographic distribution, medicine, Humans, Disabled Persons, human, business.industry, Correction, Cancer, non melanoma skin cancer, medicine.disease, years lived with disability, lung cancer, Years of potential life lost, Skin cancer, global disease burden, business, neoplasm, RC, uterine cervix cancer
Abstract: Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Published: 2019
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18. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Bikbov, B, Purcell, CA, Levey, AS, Smith, M, Abdoli, A, Abebe, M, Adebayo, OM, Afarideh, M, Agarwal, SK, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahmadian, E, Al-Aly, Z, Alipour, V, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, S, Andrei, T, Andrei, CL, Andualem, Z, Anjomshoa, M, Arabloo, J, Ashagre, AF, Asmelash, D, Ataro, Z, Atout, MMW, Ayanore, MA, Badawi, A, Bakhtiari, A, Ballew, SH, Balouchi, A, Banach, M, Barquera, S, Basu, S, Bayih, MT, Bedi, N, Bello, AK, Bensenor, IM, Bijani, A, Boloor, A, Borzì, AM, Cámera, LA, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castro, F, Catalá-López, F, Chang, AR, Chin, KL, Chung, SC, Cirillo, M, Cousin, E, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daryani, A, Das Gupta, R, Demeke, FM, Demoz, GT, Desta, DM, Do, HP, Duncan, BB, Eftekhari, A, Esteghamati, A, Fatima, SS, Fernandes, JC, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Freitas, M, Gad, MM, Gebremeskel, GG, Gebresillassie, BM, Geta, B, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghith, N, Gill, PS, Ginawi, IA, Gupta, R, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hariyani, N, Hasan, M, Hasankhani, M, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassen, HY, Hay, SI, Heidari, B, Herteliu, C, Hoang, CL, Hosseini, M, Hostiuc, M, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Jafari Balalami, N, James, SL, Jassal, SK, Jha, V, Jonas, JB, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Kabir, A, Kahsay, A, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, TD, Kassaye, HG, Khader, YS, Khalilov, R, Khan, EA, Khan, MS, Khang, YH, Kisa, A, Kovesdy, CP, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, GA, Larsson, AO, Lim, LL, Lopez, AD, Lotufo, PA, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, März, W, Masaka, A, Meheretu, HAA, Miazgowski, T, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Mohammad, DK, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Morales, L, Moreno Velasquez, I, Mousavi, SM, Mukhopadhyay, S, Nachega, JB, Nadkarni, GN, Nansseu, JR, Natarajan, G, Nazari, J, Neal, B, Negoi, RI, Nguyen, CT, Nikbakhsh, R, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Olagunju, AT, Ortiz, A, Owolabi, MO, Palladino, R, Pathak, M, Poustchi, H, Prakash, S, Prasad, N, Rafiei, A, Raju, SB, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rawal, L, Reiner RC, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, DC, Roever, L, Rothenbacher, D, Rwegerera, GM, Saadatagah, S, Safari, S, Sahle, BW, Salem, H, Sanabria, J, Santos, IS, Sarveazad, A, Sawhney, M, Schaeffner, E, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Sharafi, Z, Sharif, M, Sharifi, A, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Singh, NP, Sisay, MMM, Soheili, A, Sutradhar, I, Teklehaimanot, BF, Tesfay, BE, Teshome, GF, Thakur, JS, Tonelli, M, Tran, KB, Tran, BX, Tran Ngoc, C, Ullah, I, Valdez, PR, Varughese, S, Vos, T, Vu, LG, Waheed, Y, Werdecker, A, Wolde, HF, Wondmieneh, AB, Wulf Hanson, S, Yamada, T, Yeshaw, Y, Yonemoto, N, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaidi, Z, Zaki, L, Zaman, SB, Zamora, N, Zarghi, A, Zewdie, KA, Ärnlöv, J, Coresh, J, Perico, N, Remuzzi, G, Murray, CJL, Vos, T., Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Bikbov, B, Purcell, Ca, Levey, A, Smith, M, Abdoli, A, Abebe, M, Adebayo, Om, Afarideh, M, Agarwal, Sk, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahmadian, E, Al-Aly, Z, Alipour, V, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Raddadi, Rm, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, S, Andrei, T, Andrei, Cl, Andualem, Z, Anjomshoa, M, Arabloo, J, Ashagre, Af, Asmelash, D, Ataro, Z, Atout, Mmw, Ayanore, Ma, Badawi, A, Bakhtiari, A, Ballew, Sh, Balouchi, A, Banach, M, Barquera, S, Basu, S, Bayih, Mt, Bedi, N, Bello, Ak, Bensenor, Im, Bijani, A, Boloor, A, Borzì, Am, Cámera, La, Carrero, Jj, Carvalho, F, Castro, F, Catalá-López, F, Chang, Ar, Chin, Kl, Chung, Sc, Cirillo, M, Cousin, E, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daryani, A, Das, Gupta, R, Demeke, Fm, Demoz, Gt, Desta, Dm, Do, Hp, Duncan, Bb, Eftekhari, A, Esteghamati, A, Fatima, S, Fernandes, Jc, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Freitas, M, Gad, Mm, Gebremeskel, Gg, Gebresillassie, Bm, Geta, B, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghith, N, Gill, P, Ginawi, Ia, Gupta, R, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hariyani, N, Hasan, M, Hasankhani, M, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassen, Hy, Hay, Si, Heidari, B, Herteliu, C, Hoang, Cl, Hosseini, M, Hostiuc, M, Irvani, Ssn, Islam, Sm, Jafari, Balalami, N, James, Sl, Jassal, Sk, Jha, V, Jonas, Jb, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, Jj, Kabir, A, Kahsay, A, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, Td, Kassaye, Hg, Khader, Y, Khalilov, R, Khan, Ea, Khan, M, Khang, Yh, Kisa, A, Kovesdy, Cp, Kuate, Defo, B, Kumar, Ga, Larsson, Ao, Lim, Ll, Lopez, Ad, Lotufo, Pa, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, März, W, Masaka, A, Meheretu, Haa, Miazgowski, T, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, Em, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Mohammad, Dk, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, Ah, Morales, L, Moreno, Velasquez, I, Mousavi, Sm, Mukhopadhyay, S, Nachega, Jb, Nadkarni, Gn, Nansseu, Jr, Natarajan, G, Nazari, J, Neal, B, Negoi, Ri, Nguyen, Ct, Nikbakhsh, R, Noubiap, Jj, Nowak, C, Olagunju, At, Ortiz, A, Owolabi, Mo, Palladino, R, Pathak, M, Poustchi, H, Prakash, S, Prasad, N, Rafiei, A, Raju, Sb, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, Dl, Rawal, L, Reiner, Rc, Jr, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, Dc, Roever, L, Rothenbacher, D, Rwegerera, Gm, Saadatagah, S, Safari, S, Sahle, Bw, Salem, H, Sanabria, J, Santos, I, Sarveazad, A, Sawhney, M, Schaeffner, E, Schmidt, Mi, Schutte, Ae, Sepanlou, Sg, Shaikh, Ma, Sharafi, Z, Sharif, M, Sharifi, A, Silva, Da, Singh, Ja, Singh, Np, Sisay, Mmm, Soheili, A, Sutradhar, I, Teklehaimanot, Bf, Tesfay, Be, Teshome, Gf, Thakur, J, Tonelli, M, Tran, Kb, Tran, Bx, Tran, Ngoc, Ullah, I, Valdez, Pr, Varughese, S, Vos, T, Vu, Lg, Waheed, Y, Werdecker, A, Wolde, Hf, Wondmieneh, Ab, Wulf, Hanson, S, Yamada, T, Yeshaw, Y, Yonemoto, N, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaidi, Z, Zaki, L, Zaman, Sb, Zamora, N, Zarghi, A, Zewdie, Ka, Ärnlöv, J, Coresh, J, Perico, N, Remuzzi, G, Murray, Cjl, Vos, T., and GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration
Subjects: Systems Analysis, Gout, Cost effectiveness, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Global Health, GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION-RATE, Global Burden of Disease, COST-EFFECTIVENESS, 0302 clinical medicine, Cause of Death, Prevalence, Global health, Diabetic Nephropathies, Registries, 030212 general & internal medicine, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Incidence, Mortality rate, 1. No poverty, General Medicine, Hälsovetenskaper, GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration, CKD-EPI EQUATION, 3. Good health, Europe, Cardiovascular Diseases, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Asia, Oceania, 195 COUNTRIES, ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK, CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES, Risk Assessment, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RISK-FACTOR, General & Internal Medicine, Environmental health, Health Sciences, medicine, Humans, GBD, chronic kidney disease, Mortality, Risk factor, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Disease burden, QM, Science & Technology, Australasia, business.industry, PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL-DISEASE, Bayes Theorem, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, Quality-adjusted life year, RENAL-DISEASE, Latin America, Years of potential life lost, Africa, North America, Human medicine, business, RC, Kidney disease
Abstract: Background Health system planning requires careful assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) epidemiology, but data for morbidity and mortality of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. We estimated the global, regional, and national burden of CKD, as well as the burden of cardiovascular disease and gout attributable to impaired kidney function, for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. We use the term CKD to refer to the morbidity and mortality that can be directly attributed to all stages of CKD, and we use the term impaired kidney function to refer to the additional risk of CKD from cardiovascular disease and gout. Methods The main data sources we used were published literature, vital registration systems, end-stage kidney disease registries, and household surveys. Estimates of CKD burden were produced using a Cause of Death Ensemble model and a Bayesian meta-regression analytical tool, and induded incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, mortality, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). A comparative risk assessment approach was used to estimate the proportion of cardiovascular diseases and gout burden attributable to impaired kidney function. Findings Globally, in 2017,1.2 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.2 to 1.3) people died from CKD. The global all-age mortality rate from CKD increased 41.5% (95% UI 35.2 to 46.5) between 1990 and 2017, although there was no significant change in the age-standardised mortality rate (2.8%, -1.5 to 6.3). In 2017,697.5 million (95% UI 649.2 to 752.0) cases of all-stage CKD were recorded, for a global prevalence of 9.1% (8.5 to 9.8). The global all-age prevalence of CKD increased 29.3% (95% UI 26.4 to 32.6) since 1990, whereas the age-standardised prevalence remained stable (1.2%, -1.1 to 3.5). CKD resulted in 35.8 million (95% UI 33.7 to 38.0) DALYs in 2017, with diabetic nephropathy accounting for almost a third of DALYs. Most of the burden of CKD was concentrated in the three lowest quintiles of Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In several regions, particularly Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, the burden of CKD was much higher than expected for the level of development, whereas the disease burden in western, eastern, and central sub-Saharan Africa, east Asia, south Asia, central and eastern Europe, Australasia, and western Europe was lower than expected. 1.4 million (95% UI 1.2 to 1.6) cardiovascular disease-related deaths and 25.3 million (22.2 to 28.9) cardiovascular disease DALYs were attributable to impaired kidney function. Interpretation Kidney disease has a major effect on global health, both as a direct cause of global morbidity and mortality and as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. CKD is largely preventable and treatable and deserves greater attention in global health policy decision making, particularly in locations with low and middle SDI. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2020
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19. Methylmercury Poisoning in Iraq

Author: Bakir, F., Damluji, S. F., Amin-Zaki, L., Murtadha, M., Khalidi, A., Al-Rawi, N. Y., Tikriti, S., Dhahir, H. I., Clarkson, T. W., Smith, J. C., and Doherty, R. A.
Published: 1973

20. Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries

Author: Sbarra, AN, Rolfe, S, Nguyen, JQ, Earl, L, Galles, NC, Marks, A, Abbas, KM, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahi, M, Abegaz, KH, Abiy, HAA, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abushouk, AI, Accrombessi, MMK, Adabi, M, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Adham, D, Afarideh, M, Aghaali, M, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, R, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, MB, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Alemnew, BT, Ali, BA, Ali, M, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipoor, R, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, SM, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Altirkawi, KA, Amare, B, Amini, S, Amini-Rarani, M, Amiri, F, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, CL, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Armoon, B, Aryal, KK, Arzani, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asgari, S, Atafar, Z, Ausloos, M, Awoke, N, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayanore, MA, Aynalem, YA, Azadmehr, A, Azari, S, Babaee, E, Badawi, A, Badiye, AD, Bahrami, MA, Baig, AA, Bakhtiari, A, Balakrishnan, S, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barac, A, Baradaran-Seyed, Z, Baraki, AG, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bayou, YT, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Bell, ML, Berbada, DA, Berhe, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Birhanu, M, Bisanzio, D, Biswas, A, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, SR, Borzouei, S, Brady, OJ, Bragazzi, NL, Briko, AN, Briko, NI, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Car, J, Cárdenas, R, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castro, F, Chattu, VK, Chehrazi, M, Chin, KL, Chu, D-T, Cook, AJ, Cormier, NM, Cunningham, B, Dahlawi, SMA, Damiani, G, Dandona, R, Dandona, L, Danovaro, MC, Dansereau, E, Daoud, F, Darwesh, AM, Darwish, AH, Das, JK, Weaver, ND, De Neve, J-W, Demeke, FM, Demis, AB, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Desalew, A, Deshpande, A, Desta, DM, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhungana, GP, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Dipeolu, IO, Djalalinia, S, Do, HT, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Doyle, KE, Dunachie, SJ, Duraes, AR, Kalan, ME, Leylabadlo, HE, Edinur, HA, Effiong, A, Eftekhari, A, El, Sayed, I, El, Sayed, Zaki, M, Elema, TB, Elhabashy, HR, El-Jaafary, SI, Elsharkawy, A, Emamian, MH, Enany, S, Eshrati, B, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, A, Etisso, AE, Farahmand, M, Faraon, EJA, Fareed, M, Faridnia, R, Farioli, A, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Fazlzadeh, M, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Fullman, N, Gad, MM, Geberemariyam, BS, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gebrehiwot, AM, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gebreslassie, AA, Gedefaw, GA, Gezae, KE, Ghadiri, K, Ghaffari, R, Ghaffarifar, F, Ghajarzadeh, M, Gheshlagh, RG, Ghashghaee, A, Ghiasvand, H, Gholamian, A, Gilani, SA, Gill, PS, Girmay, A, Gomes, NGM, Gopalani, SV, Goulart, BNG, Grada, A, Guimarães, RA, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Handiso, DW, Hanif, A, Haririan, H, Hasaballah, AI, Hasan, MM, Hasanpoor, E, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Henry, NJ, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Hollerich, GI, Rad, EH, Hoogar, P, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hu, G, Huda, TM, Humayun, A, Ibitoye, SE, Ikilezi, G, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Imani-Nasab, MH, Inbaraj, LR, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Islam, MM, Iwu, CJ, Iwu, CCD, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jafarinia, M, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Jalilian, F, Javidnia, J, Jenabi, E, Jha, V, Ji, JS, John, O, Johnson, KB, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Kabir, Z, Kabir, A, Kalani, H, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamal, Z, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Karami, M, Matin, BK, Karch, A, Karimi, SE, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Keiyoro, PN, Khader, YS, Khafaie, MA, Khammarnia, M, Khan, MS, Khan, EA, Khan, J, Khan, MN, Khatab, K, Khater, MM, Khatib, MN, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaei, M, Khazaei, S, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kinyoki, DK, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kolola, T, Komaki, H, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Koyanagi, A, Kraemer, MUG, Krishan, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, M, Kumar, P, Kumar, GA, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lad, SD, Lal, DK, Lam, F, Lami, FH, Lansingh, VC, Larson, HJ, Lasrado, S, Lee, SWH, Lee, PH, LeGrand, KE, Lenjebo, TL, Li, S, Liang, X, Liu, PY, Lopukhov, PD, Machado, DB, Mahasha, PW, Mahdavi, MM, Maheri, M, Mahotra, NB, Maled, V, Maleki, S, Malik, MA, Malta, DC, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansourian, M, Mansournia, MA, Martins-Melo, FR, Masaka, A, Mayala, BK, Mehndiratta, MM, Mehri, F, Mehta, KM, Memiah, PTN, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, MB, Mengesha, EW, Mestrovic, T, Mihretie, KM, Miller-Petrie, MK, Mills, EJ, Milne, GJ, Mirabi, P, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, R, Mirzaei, M, Mirzaei, HR, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad, DK, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, KA, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadbeigi, A, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, AS, Mohammed, H, 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Yousefifard, M, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Zadey, S, Zahirian, Moghadam, T, Zaki, L, Zaman, SB, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zangeneh, A, Zarei, F, Zerfu, TA, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, X-JG, Zhou, M, Ziapour, A, Hay, SI, Lim, SS, Mosser, JF, Local Burden of Disease Vaccine Coverage Collaborators, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Clinicum, Department of Oncology, Sbarra, Alyssa N., Rolfe, Sam, Nguyen, Jason Q., Earl, Lucas, Ahmed, MB, Mosser, Jonathan F, Collaborators, Local Burden of Disease Vaccine Coverage, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, Unión Europea. Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER/ERDF), Universiti Sains Malaysia (Malasia), Panjab University (India), NIHR - Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (Reino Unido), Australian Research Council, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Local Burden Dis Educ Attainment C, Local Burden of Disease Vaccine Coverage Collaborator, and Violante FS
Subjects: and promotion of well-being, Vacunación Masiva, Internationality, Disease prevention, children under 5 years old, Geographic Mapping, Rural Health, medicine.disease_cause, Cross-reactivity, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, Vaccination Refusal, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, immunity patterns, Pediatric, 0303 health sciences, Public health, Multidisciplinary, biology, Vaccination, Uncertainty, IMMUNIZATION, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, COVERAGE, 3. Good health, TIME, 3.4 Vaccines, Child, Preschool, Infectious diseases, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, Antibody, Engineering sciences. Technology, AFRICA, General Science & Technology, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19, 610 Medicine & health, Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), Local Burden of Disease Vaccine Coverage Collaborators, Article, Vaccine Related, 03 medical and health sciences, measles vaccine, Measels, Low- and middle-income countries, Local burden of disease, Clinical Research, medicine, Humans, Healthcare Disparities, Preschool, PROGRESS, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, MORTALITY, Developed Countries, Prevention, Comment, Vacunación, Urban Health, Prevention of disease and conditions, Virology, Coronavirus, Good Health and Well Being, Cobertura de Vacunación, biology.protein, Immunization, business, Measles
Abstract: The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1–4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5–8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 × 5-km2 pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children., Although progress in the coverage of routine measles vaccination in children in low- and middle-income countries was made during 2000–2019, many countries remain far from the goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019.
Published: 2021
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21. Predicting the environmental suitability for onchocerciasis in Africa as an aid to elimination planning.

Author: Cromwell E.A., Osborne J.C.P., Unnasch T.R., Basanez M., Gass K.M., Barbre K.A., Hill E., Johnson K.B., Donkers K.M., Shirude S., Schmidt C.A., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Afarideh M., Ahmadpour E., Beshir Ahmed M., Yihunie Akalu T., Al-Aly Z., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alipour V., Andrei C.L., Ansari F., Ansha M.G., Anvari D., Yaw Appiah S.C., Arabloo J., Arnold B.F., Ausloos M., Ayanore M.A., Amin Baig A., Banach M., Barac A., Barnighausen T.W., Bayati M., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Bibi S., Bijani A., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Butt Z.A., Carvalho F., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chattu S.K., Cormier N.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Daoud F., Darwesh A.M., Daryani A., Deribe K., Dharmaratne S.D., Diaz D., Do H.T., El Sayed Zak M., El Tantawi M., Elemineh D.A., Faraj A., Harandi M.F., Fatahi Y., Feigin V.L., Fernandes E., Foigt N.A., Foroutan M., Franklin R.C., Mohialdeen Gubari M.I., Guido D., Guo Y., Haj-Mirzaian A., Abdullah K.H., Hamidi S., Herteliu C., De Hidru H.D., Higazi T.B., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic M.D., Ilic I.M., Iqbal U., Naghibi Irvani S.S., Jha R.P., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir Z., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Matin B.K., Karimi S.E., Kasaeian A., Kavetskyy T., Kayode G.A., Karyani A.K., Kelbore A.G., Keramati M., Khalilov R., Khan E.A., Nuruzzaman Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khater M.M., Kianipour N., Kibret K.T., Kim Y.J., Kosen S., Krohn K.J., Kusuma D., Vecchia C.L., Lansingh V.C., Lee P.H., Legrand K.E., Li S., Longbottom J., Abd El Razek H.M., Abd El Razek M.M., Maleki A., Mamun A.A., Manafi A., Manafi N., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Mazidi M., McAlinden C., Meharie B.G., Mendoza W., Mengesha E.W., Mengistu D.T., Mereta S.T., Mestrovic T., Miller T.R., Miri M., Moghadaszadeh M., Hafshejani A.M., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Moradi M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosser J.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naik G., Negoi I., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen T.H., Nikbakhsh R., Oancea B., Olagunju T.O., Olagunju A.T., Bali A.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Pana A., Pourjafar H., Rahim F., Ur Rahman M.H., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D.L., Rawassizadeh R., Resnikoff S., Reta M.A., Rezapour A., Rubagotti E., Rubino S., Sadeghi E., Saghafipour A., Sajadi S.M., Samy A.M., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sawhney M., Schipp M.F., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi K., Sheikh A., Kumar Shetty B.S., Shin J.I., Shivakumar K.M., Simonetti B., Singh J.A., Skiadaresi E., Soheili A., Soltani S., Spurlock E.E., Sufiyan M.B., Tabuchi T., Tapak L., Thompson R.L., Thomson A.J., Traini E., Tran B.X., Ullah I., Ullah S., Uneke C.J., Unnikrishnan B., Uthman O.A., Melchers N.V.S.V., Violante F.S., Wolde H.F., Wonde T.E., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yazdi Feyzabadi V., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yousof H.-A.S.A., Yu C., Yu Y., Yusefzadeh H., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamanian M., Zhang Z.-J., Zhang Y., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Pigott D.M., Cromwell E.A., Osborne J.C.P., Unnasch T.R., Basanez M., Gass K.M., Barbre K.A., Hill E., Johnson K.B., Donkers K.M., Shirude S., Schmidt C.A., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Afarideh M., Ahmadpour E., Beshir Ahmed M., Yihunie Akalu T., Al-Aly Z., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alipour V., Andrei C.L., Ansari F., Ansha M.G., Anvari D., Yaw Appiah S.C., Arabloo J., Arnold B.F., Ausloos M., Ayanore M.A., Amin Baig A., Banach M., Barac A., Barnighausen T.W., Bayati M., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Bibi S., Bijani A., Bohlouli S., Bohluli M., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Butt Z.A., Carvalho F., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chattu S.K., Cormier N.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Daoud F., Darwesh A.M., Daryani A., Deribe K., Dharmaratne S.D., Diaz D., Do H.T., El Sayed Zak M., El Tantawi M., Elemineh D.A., Faraj A., Harandi M.F., Fatahi Y., Feigin V.L., Fernandes E., Foigt N.A., Foroutan M., Franklin R.C., Mohialdeen Gubari M.I., Guido D., Guo Y., Haj-Mirzaian A., Abdullah K.H., Hamidi S., Herteliu C., De Hidru H.D., Higazi T.B., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic M.D., Ilic I.M., Iqbal U., Naghibi Irvani S.S., Jha R.P., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir Z., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Matin B.K., Karimi S.E., Kasaeian A., Kavetskyy T., Kayode G.A., Karyani A.K., Kelbore A.G., Keramati M., Khalilov R., Khan E.A., Nuruzzaman Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khater M.M., Kianipour N., Kibret K.T., Kim Y.J., Kosen S., Krohn K.J., Kusuma D., Vecchia C.L., Lansingh V.C., Lee P.H., Legrand K.E., Li S., Longbottom J., Abd El Razek H.M., Abd El Razek M.M., Maleki A., Mamun A.A., Manafi A., Manafi N., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Mazidi M., McAlinden C., Meharie B.G., Mendoza W., Mengesha E.W., Mengistu D.T., Mereta S.T., Mestrovic T., Miller T.R., Miri M., Moghadaszadeh M., Hafshejani A.M., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Moradi M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosser J.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naik G., Negoi I., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen T.H., Nikbakhsh R., Oancea B., Olagunju T.O., Olagunju A.T., Bali A.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Pana A., Pourjafar H., Rahim F., Ur Rahman M.H., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D.L., Rawassizadeh R., Resnikoff S., Reta M.A., Rezapour A., Rubagotti E., Rubino S., Sadeghi E., Saghafipour A., Sajadi S.M., Samy A.M., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sawhney M., Schipp M.F., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi K., Sheikh A., Kumar Shetty B.S., Shin J.I., Shivakumar K.M., Simonetti B., Singh J.A., Skiadaresi E., Soheili A., Soltani S., Spurlock E.E., Sufiyan M.B., Tabuchi T., Tapak L., Thompson R.L., Thomson A.J., Traini E., Tran B.X., Ullah I., Ullah S., Uneke C.J., Unnikrishnan B., Uthman O.A., Melchers N.V.S.V., Violante F.S., Wolde H.F., Wonde T.E., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yazdi Feyzabadi V., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yousof H.-A.S.A., Yu C., Yu Y., Yusefzadeh H., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamanian M., Zhang Z.-J., Zhang Y., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., and Pigott D.M.
Abstract: Recent evidence suggests that, in some foci, elimination of onchocerciasis from Africa may be feasible with mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin. To achieve continental elimination of transmission, mapping surveys will need to be conducted across all implementation units (IUs) for which endemicity status is currently unknown. Using boosted regression tree models with optimised hyperparameter selection, we estimated environmental suitability for onchocerciasis at the 5 x 5-km resolution across Africa. In order to classify IUs that include locations that are environmentally suitable, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify an optimal threshold for suitability concordant with locations where onchocerciasis has been previously detected. This threshold value was then used to classify IUs (more suitable or less suitable) based on the location within the IU with the largest mean prediction. Mean estimates of environmental suitability suggest large areas across West and Central Africa, as well as focal areas of East Africa, are suitable for onchocerciasis transmission, consistent with the presence of current control and elimination of transmission efforts. The ROC analysis identified a mean environmental suitability index of 0.71 as a threshold to classify based on the location with the largest mean prediction within the IU. Of the IUs considered for mapping surveys, 50.2% exceed this threshold for suitability in at least one 5x5-km location. The formidable scale of data collection required to map onchocerciasis endemicity across the African continent presents an opportunity to use spatial data to identify areas likely to be suitable for onchocerciasis transmission. National onchocerciasis elimination programmes may wish to consider prioritising these IUs for mapping surveys as human resources, laboratory capacity, and programmatic schedules may constrain survey implementation, and possibly delaying MDA initiation in areas that would ult
Published: 2021

22. Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries.

Author: Sambala E.Z., Waheed Y., Wakefield J., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Weldesamuel G.T., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Wiangkham T., Wiens K.E., Wiysonge C.S., Woldu G., Wondafrash D.Z., Wonde T.E., Wu A.-M., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S.H.Y., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeheyis T.Y., Yeshaw Y., Yilgwan C.S., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefifard M., Yousefinezhadi T., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Zadey S., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zangeneh A., Zarei F., Zerfu T.A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Zhao X.-J.G., Zhou M., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Lim S.S., Mosser J.F., Biswas A., Sbarra A.N., Rolfe S., Nguyen J.Q., Earl L., Galles N.C., Marks A., Abbas K.M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abdollahi M., Abegaz K.H., Abiy H.A.A., Abolhassani H., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abushouk A.I., Accrombessi M.M.K., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adham D., Afarideh M., Aghaali M., Ahmad T., Ahmadi R., Ahmadi K., Ahmed M.B., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemnew B.T., Ali B.A., Ali M., Alijanzadeh M., Alinia C., Alipoor R., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S.M., Almasi A., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Altirkawi K.A., Amare B., Amini S., Amini-Rarani M., Amiri F., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C.L., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Ansha M.G., Antonio C.A.T., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Armoon B., Aryal K.K., Arzani A., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asgari S., Atafar Z., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Quintanilla B.P.A., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Azadmehr A., Azari S., Babaee E., Badawi A., Badiye A.D., Bahrami M.A., Baig A.A., Bakhtiari A., Balakrishnan S., Banach M., Banik P.C., Barac A., Baradaran-Seyed Z., Baraki A.G., Basu S., Bayati M., Bayou Y.T., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Bell M.L., Berbada D.A., Berhe K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Birhanu M., Bisanzio D., Bohlouli S., Bolla S.R., Borzouei S., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Briko A.N., Briko N.I., Nagaraja S.B., Butt Z.A., Camera L.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castro F., Chattu V.K., Chehrazi M., Chin K.L., Chu D.-T., Cook A.J., Cormier N.M., Cunningham B., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Dandona R., Dandona L., Danovaro M.C., Dansereau E., Daoud F., Darwesh A.M., Darwish A.H., Das J.K., Weaver N.D., De Neve J.-W., Demeke F.M., Demis A.B., Denova-Gutierrez E., Desalew A., Deshpande A., Desta D.M., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Djalalinia S., Do H.T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Doyle K.E., Dunachie S.J., Duraes A.R., Kalan M.E., Leylabadlo H.E., Edinur H.A., Effiong A., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., Elsharkawy A., Emamian M.H., Enany S., Eshrati B., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Esteghamati A., Etisso A.E., Farahmand M., Faraon E.J.A., Fareed M., Faridnia R., Farioli A., Farzadfar F., Fattahi N., Fazlzadeh M., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Filip I., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Fullman N., Gad M.M., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebrehiwot A.M., Gebremariam K.T., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebreslassie A.A., Gedefaw G.A., Gezae K.E., Ghadiri K., Ghaffari R., Ghaffarifar F., Ghajarzadeh M., Gheshlagh R.G., Ghashghaee A., Ghiasvand H., Gholamian A., Gilani S.A., Gill P.S., Girmay A., Gomes N.G.M., Gopalani S.V., Goulart B.N.G., Grada A., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haj-Mirzaian A., Handiso D.W., Hanif A., Haririan H., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hasanpoor E., Hasanzadeh A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Hollerich G.I., Rad E.H., Hoogar P., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hu G., Huda T.M., Humayun A., Ibitoye S.E., Ikilezi G., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Imani-Nasab M.H., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Islam M.M., Iwu C.J., Iwu C.C.D., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Jafarinia M., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Jalilian F., Javidnia J., Jenabi E., Jha V., Ji J.S., John O., Johnson K.B., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir Z., Kabir A., Kalani H., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamal Z., Kanchan T., Kapoor N., Karami M., Matin B.K., Karch A., Karimi S.E., Kayode G.A., Karyani A.K., Keiyoro P.N., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khammarnia M., Khan M.S., Khan E.A., Khan J., Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khater M.M., Khatib M.N., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaei M., Khazaei S., Khosravi A., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinyoki D.K., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kolola T., Komaki H., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kraemer M.U.G., Krishan K., Kuate Defo B., Kumar M., Kumar P., Kumar G.A., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lad S.D., Lal D.K., Lam F., Lami F.H., Lansingh V.C., Larson H.J., Lasrado S., Lee S.W.H., Lee P.H., LeGrand K.E., Lenjebo T.L., Li S., Liang X., Liu P.Y., Lopukhov P.D., Machado D.B., Mahasha P.W., Mahdavi M.M., Maheri M., Mahotra N.B., Maled V., Maleki S., Malik M.A., Malta D.C., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansourian M., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Mayala B.K., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehri F., Mehta K.M., Memiah P.T.N., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha M.B., Mengesha E.W., Mestrovic T., Mihretie K.M., Miller-Petrie M.K., Mills E.J., Milne G.J., Mirabi P., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei R., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei H.R., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamadi E., Mohammad D.K., Mohammad Y., Mohammad K.A., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadbeigi A., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Mohammed A.S., Mohammed H., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Monasta L., Moosavi M.A., Moosazadeh M., Moradi G., Moradi M., Moradi-Joo M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosapour A., Mouodi S., Mousavi S.M., Khaneghah A.M., Mueller U.O., Muluneh A.G., Munro S.B., Murray C.J.L., Murthy G.V.S., Muthupandian S., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen C.T.K., Nguyen T.H., Nigatu Y.T., Nikbakhsh R., Nikfar S., Nikpoor A.R., Ningrum D.N.A., Nnaji C.A., Oh I.-H., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Bali A.O., Omer M.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Osgood-Zimmerman A.E., Owolabi M.O., P A M., Padubidri J.R., Pakshir K., Pana A., Pandey A., Pando-Robles V., Pashaei T., Pasupula D.K., Paternina-Caicedo A.J., Patton G.C., Pazoki Toroudi H., Pepito V.C.F., Pescarini J.M., Pigott D.M., Pilgrim T., Pirsaheb M., Poljak M., Postma M.J., Pourjafar H., Pourmalek F., Pourmirza Kalhori R., Prada S.I., Prakash S., Quazi Syed Z., Quintana H., Rabiee N., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rajati F., Rameto M.A., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S.J., Rasella D., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D.L., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Rawat R., Renjith V., Renzaho A.M.N., Reshmi B., Reta M.A., Rezaei N., Rezai M.S., Rezapour A., Riahi S.M., Ribeiro A.I., Rickard J., Rios-Blancas M., Rios-Gonzalez C.M., Roever L., Rostamian M., Rubino S., Rwegerera G.M., Saad A.M., Saadatagah S., Sabour S., Sadeghi E., Moghaddam S.S., Saeidi S., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Sajadi S.M., Salahshoor M.R., Salam N., Salem H., Salem M.R., Salomon J.A., Kafil H.S., Samy A.M., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Saroshe S., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sathish T., Schaeffer L.E., Schwebel D.C., Senthilkumaran S., Shabaninejad H., Shahabi S., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shalash A.S., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shamsi M.B., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi K., Sharifi H., Sheikh A., Sheikhtaheri A., Shetty R.S., Shiferaw W.S., Shigematsu M., Shin J.I., Shirkoohi R., Siabani S., Siddiqi T.J., Silverberg J.I.S., Simonetti B., Singh J.A., Sinha D.N., Sinke A.H., Soheili A., Sokhan A., Soltani S., Soofi M., Sorrie M.B., Soyiri I.N., Spotin A., Spurlock E.E., Sreeramareddy C.T., Sudaryanto A., Sufiyan M.B., Suleria H.A.R., Abdulkader R.S., Taherkhani A., Tapak L., Taveira N., Taymoori P., Tefera Y.M., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Teklehaimanot B.F., Tekulu G.H., Tesfay B.E., Tessema Z.T., Tessema B., Thankappan K.R., Tohidinik H.R., Topor-Madry R., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Uddin R., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Usman M.S., Vaezi M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P.R., Vasseghian Y., Veisani Y., Violante F.S., Vollmer S., Sambala E.Z., Waheed Y., Wakefield J., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Weldesamuel G.T., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Wiangkham T., Wiens K.E., Wiysonge C.S., Woldu G., Wondafrash D.Z., Wonde T.E., Wu A.-M., Yadollahpour A., Jabbari S.H.Y., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeheyis T.Y., Yeshaw Y., Yilgwan C.S., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefifard M., Yousefinezhadi T., Yu C., Yusefzadeh H., Zadey S., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zangeneh A., Zarei F., Zerfu T.A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Zhao X.-J.G., Zhou M., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Lim S.S., Mosser J.F., Biswas A., Sbarra A.N., Rolfe S., Nguyen J.Q., Earl L., Galles N.C., Marks A., Abbas K.M., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abdollahi M., Abegaz K.H., Abiy H.A.A., Abolhassani H., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abushouk A.I., Accrombessi M.M.K., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adham D., Afarideh M., Aghaali M., Ahmad T., Ahmadi R., Ahmadi K., Ahmed M.B., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemnew B.T., Ali B.A., Ali M., Alijanzadeh M., Alinia C., Alipoor R., Alipour V., Alizade H., Aljunid S.M., Almasi A., Almasi-Hashiani A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Altirkawi K.A., Amare B., Amini S., Amini-Rarani M., Amiri F., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C.L., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Ansha M.G., Antonio C.A.T., Antriyandarti E., Anvari D., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Armoon B., Aryal K.K., Arzani A., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asgari S., Atafar Z., Ausloos M., Awoke N., Quintanilla B.P.A., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Azadmehr A., Azari S., Babaee E., Badawi A., Badiye A.D., Bahrami M.A., Baig A.A., Bakhtiari A., Balakrishnan S., Banach M., Banik P.C., Barac A., Baradaran-Seyed Z., Baraki A.G., Basu S., Bayati M., Bayou Y.T., Bedi N., Behzadifar M., Bell M.L., Berbada D.A., Berhe K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Birhanu M., Bisanzio D., Bohlouli S., Bolla S.R., Borzouei S., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Briko A.N., Briko N.I., Nagaraja S.B., Butt Z.A., Camera L.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Car J., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castro F., Chattu V.K., Chehrazi M., Chin K.L., Chu D.-T., Cook A.J., Cormier N.M., Cunningham B., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Dandona R., Dandona L., Danovaro M.C., Dansereau E., Daoud F., Darwesh A.M., Darwish A.H., Das J.K., Weaver N.D., De Neve J.-W., Demeke F.M., Demis A.B., Denova-Gutierrez E., Desalew A., Deshpande A., Desta D.M., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Dipeolu I.O., Djalalinia S., Do H.T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Doyle K.E., Dunachie S.J., Duraes A.R., Kalan M.E., Leylabadlo H.E., Edinur H.A., Effiong A., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elema T.B., Elhabashy H.R., El-Jaafary S.I., Elsharkawy A., Emamian M.H., Enany S., Eshrati B., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Esteghamati A., Etisso A.E., Farahmand M., Faraon E.J.A., Fareed M., Faridnia R., Farioli A., Farzadfar F., Fattahi N., Fazlzadeh M., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Filip I., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Fullman N., Gad M.M., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebrehiwot A.M., Gebremariam K.T., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebreslassie A.A., Gedefaw G.A., Gezae K.E., Ghadiri K., Ghaffari R., Ghaffarifar F., Ghajarzadeh M., 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Karimi S.E., Kayode G.A., Karyani A.K., Keiyoro P.N., Khader Y.S., Khafaie M.A., Khammarnia M., Khan M.S., Khan E.A., Khan J., Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khater M.M., Khatib M.N., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaei M., Khazaei S., Khosravi A., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinyoki D.K., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kolola T., Komaki H., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kraemer M.U.G., Krishan K., Kuate Defo B., Kumar M., Kumar P., Kumar G.A., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lad S.D., Lal D.K., Lam F., Lami F.H., Lansingh V.C., Larson H.J., Lasrado S., Lee S.W.H., Lee P.H., LeGrand K.E., Lenjebo T.L., Li S., Liang X., Liu P.Y., Lopukhov P.D., Machado D.B., Mahasha P.W., Mahdavi M.M., Maheri M., Mahotra N.B., Maled V., Maleki S., Malik M.A., Malta D.C., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansouri B., Mansourian M., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., Mayala B.K., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehri F., Mehta K.M., Memiah P.T.N., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha M.B., Mengesha E.W., Mestrovic T., Mihretie K.M., Miller-Petrie M.K., Mills E.J., Milne G.J., Mirabi P., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei R., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei H.R., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamadi E., Mohammad D.K., Mohammad Y., Mohammad K.A., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadbeigi A., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Mohammed A.S., Mohammed H., Mohebi F., Mokdad A.H., Monasta L., Moosavi M.A., Moosazadeh M., Moradi G., Moradi M., Moradi-Joo M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosapour A., Mouodi S., Mousavi S.M., Khaneghah A.M., Mueller U.O., Muluneh A.G., Munro S.B., Murray C.J.L., Murthy G.V.S., Muthupandian S., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndwandwe D.E., Negoi I., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen C.T.K., Nguyen T.H., Nigatu Y.T., Nikbakhsh R., Nikfar S., Nikpoor A.R., Ningrum D.N.A., Nnaji C.A., Oh I.-H., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Bali A.O., Omer 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Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Usman M.S., Vaezi M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P.R., Vasseghian Y., Veisani Y., Violante F.S., and Vollmer S.
Abstract: The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1-4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5-8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 x 5-km2 pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children.Copyright © 2020, The Author(s).
Published: 2021

23. Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15-49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-18: a modelling study

Author: Sartorius, B, Van der Heide, J, Yang, M, Goosmann, E, Hon, J, Haeuser, E, Cork, M, Perkins, S, Jahagirdar, D, Schaeffer, L, Serfes, A, LeGrand, K, Abbastabar, H, Abebo, Z, Abosetugn, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Accrombessi, M, Adebayo, O, Adegbosin, A, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adeyinka, D, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, M, Akalu, Y, Akinyemi, O, Akinyemi, R, Aklilu, A, Akunna, C, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, N, Alamneh, A, Alanzi, T, Alemu, B, Alhassan, R, Ali, T, Alipour, V, Amini, S, Ancuceanu, R, Ansari, F, Anteneh, Z, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Asemahagn, M, Jafarabadi, M, Asmare, W, Atnafu, D, Atout, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Awedew, A, Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Ayza, M, Azari, S, Azene, Z, Babar, Z-U-D, Baig, A, Balakrishnan, S, Banach, M, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Bekuma, T, Bezabhe, W, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bibi, S, Bikbov, B, Birhan, T, Bitew, Z, Bockarie, M, Boloor, A, Brady, O, 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Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zewdie, D, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Sartorius, B, Van der Heide, J, Yang, M, Goosmann, E, Hon, J, Haeuser, E, Cork, M, Perkins, S, Jahagirdar, D, Schaeffer, L, Serfes, A, LeGrand, K, Abbastabar, H, Abebo, Z, Abosetugn, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Accrombessi, M, Adebayo, O, Adegbosin, A, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adeyinka, D, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, M, Akalu, Y, Akinyemi, O, Akinyemi, R, Aklilu, A, Akunna, C, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, N, Alamneh, A, Alanzi, T, Alemu, B, Alhassan, R, Ali, T, Alipour, V, Amini, S, Ancuceanu, R, Ansari, F, Anteneh, Z, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Asemahagn, M, Jafarabadi, M, Asmare, W, Atnafu, D, Atout, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Awedew, A, Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Ayza, M, Azari, S, Azene, Z, Babar, Z-U-D, Baig, A, Balakrishnan, S, Banach, M, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Bekuma, T, Bezabhe, W, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bibi, S, Bikbov, B, Birhan, T, Bitew, Z, Bockarie, M, Boloor, A, Brady, O, Bragazzi, N, Briko, A, Briko, N, Nagaraja, S, Butt, Z, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, F, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chowdhury, M, Chu, D-T, Cook, A, Cormier, N, Cowden, R, Culquichicon, C, Dagnew, B, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Daoud, F, Daryani, A, das Neves, J, Weaver, N, Molla, M, Deribe, K, Desta, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, S, Dhungana, G, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Doku, P, Dubljanin, E, Duko, B, Eagan, A, Earl, L, Eaton, J, Effiong, A, Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Elayedath, R, El-Jaafary, S, Elsharkawy, A, Eskandarieh, S, Eyawo, O, Ezzikouri, S, Fasanmi, A, Fasil, A, Fauk, N, Feigin, V, Ferede, T, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Foroutan, M, Francis, J, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Geberemariyam, B, Gebregiorgis, B, Gebremichael, B, Gesesew, H, Getacher, L, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, S, Ginindza, T, Glagn, M, Golechha, M, Gona, P, Gubari, M, Gugnani, H, Guido, D, Guled, R, Hall, B, Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Hargono, A, Hashi, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Herteliu, C, de Hidru, H, Holla, R, Hosgood, H, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irvani, S, Iwu, C, Iyamu, I, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilian, F, Jha, R, Johnson, K, Joshua, V, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Kabir, A, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Matin, B, Karch, A, Karimi, S, Kasa, A, Kassahun, G, Kayode, G, Karyani, A, Keiyoro, P, Kelkay, B, Khalid, N, Khan, G, Khan, J, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Khazaei, S, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kochhar, S, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Defo, B, Kugbey, N, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Kuupiel, D, Kyu, H, La Vecchia, C, Lal, D, Lam, J, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lazarus, J, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Lee, P, Leshargie, C, Li, B, Liu, X, Lopukhov, P, Amin, H, Madi, D, Mahasha, P, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Maleki, S, Mamun, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, M, Martins-Melo, F, Masoumi, S, Mayala, B, Meharie, B, Meheretu, H, Meles, H, Melku, M, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Mirica, A, Alavijeh, M, Mohamad, O, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, J, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Mokonnon, T, Molokhia, M, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mosser, J, Munro, S, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naveed, M, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Nepal, S, Netsere, H, Ngalesoni, F, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, J, Nigatu, Y, Nigussie, S, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Odukoya, O, Ogbo, F, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Omer, M, Omonisi, A, Onwujekwe, O, Orisakwe, O, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, M, Mahesh, P, Padubidri, J, Pakhale, S, Pana, A, Pandi-Perumal, S, Patel, U, Pathak, M, Patton, G, Pawar, S, Peprah, E, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourjafar, H, Pribadi, D, Syed, Z, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Ram, P, Rana, J, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Renjith, V, Reta, M, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, A, Ross, J, Rumisha, S, Sagar, R, Sahu, M, Sajadi, S, Salem, M, Samy, A, Sathian, B, Schutte, A, Seidu, A-A, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahbaz, M, Shaikh, M, Shaka, M, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shin, J, Shivakumar, K, Sidemo, N, Singh, J, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Somefun, O, Sorrie, M, Spurlock, E, Sufiyan, M, Taddele, B, Tadesse, E, Tamir, Z, Tamiru, A, Tanser, F, Taveira, N, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekalegn, Y, Tesfay, F, Tessema, B, Tessema, Z, Thakur, B, Tolani, M, Topor-Madry, R, Torrado, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tsai, A, Tsegaye, G, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Umeokonkwo, C, Unnikrishnan, B, Vardavas, C, Violante, F, Vo, B, Wado, Y, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Werdecker, A, Wickramasinghe, N, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Wondmeneh, T, Yamada, T, Yaya, S, Yeshaw, Y, Yeshitila, Y, Yilma, M, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yosef, T, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaidi, S, Zaki, L, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zewdie, D, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, and Dwyer-Lindgren, L
Abstract: BACKGROUND: High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15-49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000-18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. FINDINGS: The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1-3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4-1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7-0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6-888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique
Published: 2021

24. The global distribution of lymphatic filariasis, 2000-18: a geospatial analysis.

Author: Hole M.K., Ilic M.D., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Jha R.P., Ji J.S., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Karami Matin B., Karch A., Karimi S., Kasaeian A., Kazemi Karyani A., Kayode G.A., Kelbore A.G., Khafaie M.A., Khalilov R., Khan J., Khatab K., Khater M.M., Khodayari M., Kim Y.J., King J.D., Kinyoki D.K., Kianipour N., Kumar G.A., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lansingh V.C., Lee P.H., LeGrand K.E., Levine A.J., Li S., Maleki S., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Massenburg B.B., Mayala B.K., Meitei W.B., Mendoza W., Mengistu D.T., Mereta S.T., Mestrovic T., Mihretie K.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Moradi M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mosser J.F., Mousavi S.M., Munro S.B., Mupfasoni D., Muthupandian S., mwingira U.J., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naik G., Negoi I., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen T.H., Olagunju A.T., Omar Bali A., Osarenotor O., Osei F.B., Pasupula D., Pigott D.M., Shirude S., Hill E., Donkers K.M., Pirsaheb M., Pourjafar H., Rawaf S., Rawaf D.L., Rawassizadeh R., Reta M.A., Ribeiro A.I., Rostami A., Sabesan S., Sadeghi E., Sajadi S.M., Samy A.M., Sartorius B., Schaeffer L.E., Shaikh M.A., Sharafi K., Soltani S., Sharifi H., Shibuya K., Shin J.I., Soheili A., Spotin A., Stolk W.A., Tesfay B.E., Topor-Madry R., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Ullah I., Unnikrishnan B., Vasseghian Y., Violante F.S., Vinkeles Melchers N.V.S., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamanian M., Zangeneh A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Reiner R.C., Deshpande A., Miller-Petrie M.K., Johnson K.B., Abdoli A., Abrigo M.R.M., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adinarayanan S., Ahmadpour E., Ahmed M.B., Akalu T.Y., Alanezi T.M., Alinia C., Alipour V., Amit A.M.L., Anber N.H., Ancuceanu R., Andualem Z., Ansari F., Antonio C.A.T., Anvari D., Appiah S., Arabloo J., Arnold B.F., Ausloos M., Ayanore M.A., Badirzadeh A., Baig A.A., Banach M., Baraki A.G., Barnighausen T.W., Bayati M., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bockarie M.J., Bisanzio D., Biswas R.K., Bohlouli S., Cano J., Carvalho F., Chattu V.K., Chavshin C., Cormier N.M., Cromwell E.A., Schmidt C.A., Kwong K.T., Damiani G., Dandona R., Dandona L., Darwesh A.M., Daryani A., Dash A.P., Deribe K., Dessu B., Dhimal M., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Do H.T., Earl L., El Tantawi M., Faraj A., Fattahi N., Fernandes E., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Foroutan M., Guo Y., Hailu G.B., Hasaballah A.I., Hassankhani H., Herteliu C., de Hidru H.D., Hon J., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Humayun A., Ilesanmi O.S., Hole M.K., Ilic M.D., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Islam S.M.S., Jha R.P., Ji J.S., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Karami Matin B., Karch A., Karimi S., Kasaeian A., Kazemi Karyani A., Kayode G.A., Kelbore A.G., Khafaie M.A., Khalilov R., Khan J., Khatab K., Khater M.M., Khodayari M., Kim Y.J., King J.D., Kinyoki D.K., Kianipour N., Kumar G.A., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lansingh V.C., Lee P.H., LeGrand K.E., Levine A.J., Li S., Maleki S., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Massenburg B.B., Mayala B.K., Meitei W.B., Mendoza W., Mengistu D.T., Mereta S.T., Mestrovic T., Mihretie K.M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Moradi M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mosser J.F., Mousavi S.M., Munro S.B., Mupfasoni D., Muthupandian S., mwingira U.J., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naik G., Negoi I., Nguyen H.L.T., Nguyen T.H., Olagunju A.T., Omar Bali A., Osarenotor O., Osei F.B., Pasupula D., Pigott D.M., Shirude S., Hill E., Donkers K.M., Pirsaheb M., Pourjafar H., Rawaf S., Rawaf D.L., Rawassizadeh R., Reta M.A., Ribeiro A.I., Rostami A., Sabesan S., Sadeghi E., Sajadi S.M., Samy A.M., Sartorius B., Schaeffer L.E., Shaikh M.A., Sharafi K., Soltani S., Sharifi H., Shibuya K., Shin J.I., Soheili A., Spotin A., Stolk W.A., Tesfay B.E., Topor-Madry R., Tran B.X., Tran K.B., Ullah I., Unnikrishnan B., Vasseghian Y., Violante F.S., Vinkeles Melchers N.V.S., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamanian M., Zangeneh A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Reiner R.C., Deshpande A., Miller-Petrie M.K., Johnson K.B., Abdoli A., Abrigo M.R.M., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adinarayanan S., Ahmadpour E., Ahmed M.B., Akalu T.Y., Alanezi T.M., Alinia C., Alipour V., Amit A.M.L., Anber N.H., Ancuceanu R., Andualem Z., Ansari F., Antonio C.A.T., Anvari D., Appiah S., Arabloo J., Arnold B.F., Ausloos M., Ayanore M.A., Badirzadeh A., Baig A.A., Banach M., Baraki A.G., Barnighausen T.W., Bayati M., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bockarie M.J., Bisanzio D., Biswas R.K., Bohlouli S., Cano J., Carvalho F., Chattu V.K., Chavshin C., Cormier N.M., Cromwell E.A., Schmidt C.A., Kwong K.T., Damiani G., Dandona R., Dandona L., Darwesh A.M., Daryani A., Dash A.P., Deribe K., Dessu B., Dhimal M., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Do H.T., Earl L., El Tantawi M., Faraj A., Fattahi N., Fernandes E., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Foroutan M., Guo Y., Hailu G.B., Hasaballah A.I., Hassankhani H., Herteliu C., de Hidru H.D., Hon J., Hossain N., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Humayun A., and Ilesanmi O.S.
Abstract: Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease that can cause permanent disability through disruption of the lymphatic system. This disease is caused by parasitic filarial worms that are transmitted by mosquitos. Mass drug administration (MDA) of antihelmintics is recommended by WHO to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem. This study aims to produce the first geospatial estimates of the global prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection over time, to quantify progress towards elimination, and to identify geographical variation in distribution of infection. Method(s): A global dataset of georeferenced surveyed locations was used to model annual 2000-18 lymphatic filariasis prevalence for 73 current or previously endemic countries. We applied Bayesian model-based geostatistics and time series methods to generate spatially continuous estimates of global all-age 2000-18 prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection mapped at a resolution of 5 km2 and aggregated to estimate total number of individuals infected. Finding(s): We used 14 927 datapoints to fit the geospatial models. An estimated 199 million total individuals (95% uncertainty interval 174-234 million) worldwide were infected with lymphatic filariasis in 2000, with totals for WHO regions ranging from 3.1 million (1.6-5.7 million) in the region of the Americas to 107 million (91-134 million) in the South-East Asia region. By 2018, an estimated 51 million individuals (43-63 million) were infected. Broad declines in prevalence are observed globally, but focal areas in Africa and southeast Asia remain less likely to have attained infection prevalence thresholds proposed to achieve local elimination. Interpretation(s): Although the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection has declined since 2000, MDA is still necessary across large populations in Africa and Asia. Our mapped estimates can be used to identify areas where the probability of meeting infection thresholds is low
Published: 2020

25. Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Author: Hamadeh R.R., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Sripada K., Stovner L.J., Stockfelt L., Sultan I., Swope C.B., Vaicekonyte R., Sykes B.L., Szumowski L., Tabb K.M., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tahir Z., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Taveira N., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Varughese S., Touvier M., Tran B.X., Tsatsakis A., Vardavas C., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Undurraga E.A., Upadhyay E., Vasankari T.J., Vasconcelos A.N., Veisani Y., Vidale S., Waheed Y., Wei J., Wang F., Zhao X.G., Wang Y., Yu C., Zhang Z., Wang H., Weiss J., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A., Xie Y., Xu G., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S., Yilgwan C.S., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Younker T.P., Yu Y., Zaidi S., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zheleva B., Zhu C., Abbafati C., Machado D.B., Cislaghi B., Salman O.M., Karanikolos M., McKee M., Abbas K.M., Brady O.J., Larson H.J., Trias-Llimos S., Cummins S., Langan S.M., Sartorius B., Hafiz A., Jenabi E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Borzouei S., Azarian G., Khazaei S., Abbasi M., Asghari B., Masoumi S., Komaki H., Taherkhani A., Adabi M., Abbasifard M., Bazmandegan G., Kamiab Z., Vakilian A., Anjomshoa M., Mokari A., Sabour S., Shahbaz M., Saeedi R., Ahmadieh H., Yousefinezhadi T., Haj-Mirzaian A., Nikbakhsh R., Safi S., Asgari S., Irvani S.N., Jahanmehr N., Ramezanzadeh K., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Khayamzadeh M., Abbastabar H., Shirkoohi R., Fazlzadeh M., Janjani H., Hosseini M., Mansournia M., Tohidinik H., Bakhtiari A., Fazaeli A., Mousavi S., Hasanzadeh A., Nabavizadeh B., Malekzadeh R., Hashemian M., Pourshams A., Salimzadeh H., Sepanlou S.G., Afarideh M., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Ghajar A., Heidari B., Rezaei N., Mohamadi E., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahim F., Eskandarieh S., Sahraian M., Mohebi F., Aminorroaya A., Ebrahimi H., Farzadfar F., Mohajer B., Pishgar F., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Shabani M., Zarafshan H., Abolhassani H., Hafezi-Nejad N., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Abdollahi M., Farahmand M., Salamati P., Mehrabi Nasab E., Tajdini M., Aghamir S., Mirzaei R., Dibaji Forooshani Z., Khater M.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abualhasan A., El-Jaafary S.I., Hassan A., Elsharkawy A., Khater A.M., Elhabashy H.R., Salem M.R.R., Salem H., Sadeghi M., Jafarinia M., Amini-Rarani M., Mohammadifard N., Sarrafzadegan N., Abdollahpour I., Sarveazad A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Yoosefi Lebni J., Manafi N., Pazoki Toroudi H., Dorostkar F., Alipour V., Sheikhtaheri A., Arabloo J., Azari S., Ghashghaee A., Rezapour A., Naserbakht M., Kabir A., Mehri F., Yousefifard M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Babaee E., Eshrati B., Goharinezhad S., Moradi M., Abedi P., Rashedi V., Kumar V., Elgendy I.Y., Basu S., Park J., Pereira A., Norheim O.F., Eagan A.W., Cahill L.E., Sheikh A., Abushouk A.I., Thakur B., Barnighausen T.W., Shrime M.G., Abedi A., Doshi C.P., Abegaz K.H., Geberemariyam B.S., Aynalem Y.A., Shiferaw W.S., Abosetugn A.E., Aboyans V., Abrams E.M., Gitimoghaddam M., Kissoon N., Stubbs J.L., Brauer M., Iyamu I.O., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Ribeiro A.P., Malta D.C., Gomez R.S., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Almulhim A.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Pottoo F.H., Menezes R.G., Alanzi T.M., Alumran A.K., Abu Haimed A.K., Madadin M., Alanezi F.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Saddik B., Abu-Raddad L.J., Samy A.M., El Nahas N., Shalash A.S., Nabhan A.F., Kamath A.M., Kassebaum N.J., Aravkin A.Y., Kochhar S., Sorensen R.J.D., Afshin A., Burkart K., Cromwell E.A., Gakidou E., Hay S.I., Kyu H.H., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Misganaw A.T., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Pigott D.M., Reiner Jr R.C., Roth G.A., Stanaway J.D., Vollset S., Vos T., Lim S.S., Murray C.J.L., Kalani R., Ikuta K.S., Cho D.Y., Kneib C.J., Crowe C.S., Massenburg B.B., Morrison S.D., Acebedo A., Adelson J.D., Agesa K.M., Alam T., Albertson S.B., Anderson J.A., Antony C.M., Ashbaugh C., Assmus M., Azhar G., Balassyano S., Bannick M.S., Barthelemy C.M., Bender R.G., Bennitt F.B., Bertolacci G.J., Biehl M.H., Bisignano C., Boon-Dooley A.S., Briant P.S., Bryazka D., Bumgarner B.R., Callender C.S., Cao J., Castle 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Abstract: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3.5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Published: 2020

26. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Author: Shetty B.S.K., Stein C., Stokes M.A., Sufiyan M.B., Suleria H.A.R., Sultan I., Szumowski L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadakamadla S.K., Taddele B.W., Tadesse D.B., Taherkhani A., Tamiru A.T., Tanser F.C., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Teagle W.L., Tediosi F., Tefera Y.G.G., Tela F.G., Tessema Z.T., Thakur B., Titova M.V., Tonelli M., Topor-Madry R., Topouzis F., Tovani-Palone M.R.R., Tran B.X., Travillian R., Troeger C.E., Tudor Car L., Uddin R., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Uthman O.A., Vacante M., Valdez P.R., Varughese S., Vasankari T.J., Vasseghian Y., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vollset S.E., Vongpradith A., Vos T., Waheed Y., Walters M.K., Wamai R.G., Wang H., Wang Y.-P., Weintraub R.G., Weiss J., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Wilner L.B., Woldu G., Wolfe C.D.A., Wu A.-M., Wulf Hanson S., Xie Y., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S.H., Yamagishi K., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yearwood J.A., Yeshitila Y.G., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yusefzadeh H., Zadey S., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zaidi S.S., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zastrozhin M.S., Zewdie K.A., Zhang Y., Zhao X.-J.G., Zhao Y., Zheng P., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Zlavog B.S., Zodpey S., Murray C.J.L., Lozano R., Fullman N., Mumford J.E., Knight M., Barthelemy C.M., Abbafati C., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdollahi M., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abosetugn A.E., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abu Haimed A.K., Abushouk A.I., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Adelson J., Adetokunboh O.O., Adham D., Advani S.M., Afshin A., Agarwal G., Agasthi P., Aghamir S.M.K., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Akinyemi R.O., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Albertson S.B., Alemu Y.M., Alhassan R.K., Ali M., Ali S., Alipour V., Aljunid S.M., Alla F., Almadi M.A.H., Almasi A., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N.A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Almulhim A.M., Alonso J., Al-Raddadi R.M., Altirkawi K.A., Alvis-Guzman N., Alvis-Zakzuk N.J., Amini 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Bijani A., Bikbov B., Bilano V., Biondi A., Birihane B.M., Bockarie M.J., Bohlouli S., Bojia H.A., Bolla S.R.R., Boloor A., Brady O.J., Braithwaite D., Briggs A.M., Briko N.I., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L.A., Cardenas R., Carreras G., Carrero J.J., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castelpietra G., Castro F., Catala-Lopez F., Cederroth C.R., Cerin E., Chandan J.S., Chang A.Y., Charan J., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Chin K.L., Cho D.Y., Choi J.-Y.J., Christensen H., Chu D.-T., Chung M.T., Ciobanu L.G., Cirillo M., Compton K., Cortesi P.A., Costa V.M., Cousin E., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Darega Gela J., Darwesh A.M., Daryani A., Dash A.P., Davey G., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., De Neve J.-W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Dervenis N., Desai R., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Dias da Silva D., Diaz D., Dippenaar I.N., Do H.T., Dorostkar F., 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Shibuya K., Shiferaw W.S., Shigematsu M., Shin J.I., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shivakumar K.M., Shrime M.G., Shuval K., Siabani S., Sierpinski R., Sigfusdottir I.D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D.A.S., Silva J.P., Simonetti B., Simpson K.E., Singh J.A., Singh P., Sinha D.N., Skryabin V.Y., Smith E.U.R., Soheili A., Soltani S., Soofi M., Sorensen R.J.D., Soriano J.B., Sorrie M.B., Soyiri I.N., Spurlock E.E., Sreeramareddy C.T., Stanaway J.D., Steel N., Shetty B.S.K., Stein C., Stokes M.A., Sufiyan M.B., Suleria H.A.R., Sultan I., Szumowski L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadakamadla S.K., Taddele B.W., Tadesse D.B., Taherkhani A., Tamiru A.T., Tanser F.C., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Teagle W.L., Tediosi F., Tefera Y.G.G., Tela F.G., Tessema Z.T., Thakur B., Titova M.V., Tonelli M., Topor-Madry R., Topouzis F., Tovani-Palone M.R.R., Tran B.X., Travillian R., Troeger C.E., Tudor Car L., Uddin R., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Uthman O.A., Vacante M., Valdez P.R., Varughese S., Vasankari T.J., Vasseghian Y., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vollset S.E., Vongpradith A., Vos T., Waheed Y., Walters M.K., Wamai R.G., Wang H., Wang Y.-P., Weintraub R.G., Weiss J., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Wilner L.B., Woldu G., Wolfe C.D.A., Wu A.-M., Wulf Hanson S., Xie Y., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S.H., Yamagishi K., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yearwood J.A., Yeshitila Y.G., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yusefzadeh H., Zadey S., Zahirian Moghadam T., Zaidi S.S., Zaki L., Zaman S.B., Zamanian M., Zandian H., Zastrozhin M.S., Zewdie K.A., Zhang Y., Zhao X.-J.G., Zhao Y., Zheng P., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Zlavog B.S., Zodpey S., Murray C.J.L., Lozano R., Fullman N., Mumford J.E., Knight M., Barthelemy C.M., Abbafati C., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdollahi M., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abosetugn A.E., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abu Haimed A.K., Abushouk A.I., Adabi M., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Adelson 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Bakhtiari A., Bakkannavar S.M., Balachandran A., Banach M., Banerjee S.K., Banik P.C., Bante A.B., Bante S.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T.W., Barrero L.H., Bassat Q., Basu S., Baune B.T., Bayati M., Baye B.A., Bedi N., Beghi E., Behzadifar M., Bekuma T.T.T., Bell M.L., Bensenor I.M., Berman A.E., Bernabe E., Bernstein R.S., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhandari D., Bhardwaj P., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Bilano V., Biondi A., Birihane B.M., Bockarie M.J., Bohlouli S., Bojia H.A., Bolla S.R.R., Boloor A., Brady O.J., Braithwaite D., Briggs A.M., Briko N.I., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L.A., Cardenas R., Carreras G., Carrero J.J., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castelpietra G., Castro F., Catala-Lopez F., Cederroth C.R., Cerin E., Chandan J.S., Chang A.Y., Charan J., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Chin K.L., Cho D.Y., Choi J.-Y.J., Christensen H., Chu D.-T., Chung M.T., Ciobanu L.G., Cirillo M., Compton K., Cortesi P.A., Costa V.M., Cousin E., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Darega Gela J., Darwesh A.M., Daryani A., Dash A.P., Davey G., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., De Neve J.-W., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Dervenis N., Desai R., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Dias da Silva D., Diaz D., Dippenaar I.N., Do H.T., Dorostkar F., Doshmangir L., Duncan B.B., Duraes A.R., Eagan A.W., Edvardsson D., El Sayed I., El Tantawi M., Elgendy I.Y., Elyazar I.R., Eskandari K., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Esteghamati A., Ezekannagha O., Farag T., Farahmand M., Faraon E.J.A., Farinha C.S.E.S., Farioli A., Faris P.S., Faro A., Fazlzadeh M., Feigin V.L., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Feyissa G.T., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J.L., Flor L.S., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Fu W., Fukumoto T., Furtado J.M., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gakidou E., Galles N.C., Gallus S., Gardner W.M., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebrehiwot A.M., Gebremeskel L.G., Gebremeskel G.G., Gesesew H.A., Ghadiri K., Ghafourifard M., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gholamian A., Gilani S.A., Gill P.S., Gill T.K., Ginindza T.G., Gitimoghaddam M., Giussani G., Glagn M., Gnedovskaya E.V., Godinho M.A., Goharinezhad S., Gopalani S.V., Goudarzian A.H., Goulart B.N.G., Gubari M.I.M., Guimaraes R.A., Guled R.A., Gultie T., Guo Y., Gupta R., Hafezi-Nejad N., Hafiz A., Haile T.G., Hamadeh R.R., Hameed S., Hamidi S., Han C., Han H., Handiso D.W., Hanif A., Hankey G.J., Haro J.M., Hasaballah A.I., Hasan M.M., Hashi A., Hassan S., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Havmoeller R.J., Hay S.I., Hayat K., Heidari G., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Hendrie D., Herteliu C., Hird T.R., Ho H.C., Hole M.K., Holla R., Hoogar P., Hopf K.P., Horita N., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hsieh V.C.-R., Hu G., Huda T.M., Humayun A., Hwang B.-F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S.E., Ikeda N., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Irvine C.M.S., Islam M.M., Islam S.M.S., Islami F., Iso H., Iwu C.J., Jaafari J., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Jafarinia M., Jahagirdar D., Jahani M.A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., Janjani H., Javaheri T., Jayatilleke A.U., Jenabi E., Jha R.P., Jha V., Ji J.S., Jia P., John-Akinola Y.O., Jonas J.B., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kabir Z., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamath A.M., Kanchan T., Kapoor N., Karami Matin B., Karanikolos M., Karimi S.M., Kassebaum N.J., Katikireddi S.V., Kayode G.A., Keiyoro P.N., Khader Y.S., Khammarnia M., Khan M., Khan E.A., Khang Y.-H., Khatab K., Khater A.M., Khater M.M., Khatib M.N., Khayamzadeh M., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Kivimaki M., Kneib C.J., Kocarnik J.M., Kochhar S., Kohler S., Kopec J.A., Korotkova A.V., Korshunov V.A., Kosen S., Kotlo A., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krohn K.J., Kugbey N., Kulkarni V., Kumar G.A., Kumar N., Kumar M., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Kyu H.H., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lal D.K., Lalloo R., Landires I., Lansingh V.C., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Lau K.M.-M., Lauriola P., Lazarus J.V., Ledesma J.R., Lee P.H., Lee S.W.H., Leever A.T., LeGrand K.E., Leigh J., Leonardi M., Li S., Lim S.S., Lim L.-L., Liu X., Logroscino G., Lopez A.D., Lopukhov P.D., Lotufo P.A., Lu A., Ma J., Madadin M., Mahasha P.W., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Malagon-Rojas J.N., Maleki S., Malta D.C., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Martopullo I., Massenburg B.B., Mastrogiacomo C.I., Mathur M.R., McAlinden C., McKee M., Medina-Solis C.E., Meharie B.G., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mehri F., Mehrotra R., Mekonnen T., Melese A., Memiah P.T.N., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mensah G.A., Meretoja T.J., Meretoja A., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Michalek I.M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mitchell P.B., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohamadi E., Mohammad Y., Mohammad D.K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mohammed J.A., Mokdad A.H., Monasta L., Mondello S., Moradi M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morgado-da-Costa J., Morrison S.D., Mosapour A., Mosser J.F., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Muriithi M.K., Mustafa G., Nabhan A.F., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Naghshtabrizi B., Naimzada M.D., Nangia V., Nansseu J.R., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Neupane S., Ngari K.N., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J.W., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen D.N., Nguyen H.L.T., Nnaji C.A., Nomura S., Norheim O.F., Noubiap J.J., Nowak C., Nunez-Samudio V., Otoiu A., Ogbo F.A., Oghenetega O.B., Oh I.-H., Okunga E.W., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Oluwasanu M.M., Omar Bali A., Omer M.O., Ong K.L., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V.V., Ortiz A., Ostojic S.M., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Overland S., Owolabi M.O., Padubidri J.R., Pakhale S., Palladino R., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Pangaribuan H.U., Pathak M., Patton G.C., Paudel S., Pazoki Toroudi H., Pease S.A., Peden A.E., Pennini A., Peprah E.K., Pereira J., Pigott D.M., Pilgrim T., Pilz T.M., Pinheiro M., Piradov M.A., Pirsaheb M., Pokhrel K.N., Postma M.J., Pourjafar H., Pourmalek F., Pourmirza Kalhori R., Pourshams A., Prada S.I., Pribadi D.R.A., Pupillo E., Quazi Syed Z., Radfar A., Rafiee A., Rafiei A., Raggi A., Rahim F., Rahman M.A., Rajabpour-Sanati A., Rana S.M., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S.J., Rasella D., Rashedi V., Rath G.K., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D.L., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Razo C., Renjith V., Renzaho A.M.N., Reshmi B., Rezaei N., Riahi S.M., Ribeiro D.C., Rickard J., Roberts N.L.S., Roever L., Romoli M., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Rubagotti E., Rwegerera G.M., Sabour S., Sachdev P.S., Saddik B., Sadeghi M., Sadeghi E., Safari Y., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Sajadi S.M., Salahshoor M.R., Salem M.R.R., Salem H., Salomon J., Samadi Kafil H., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sathish T., Sattin D., Savic M., Sawyer S.M., Saxena D., Sbarra A.N., Schaeffer L.E., Schiavolin S., Schmidt M.I., Schutte A.E., Schwebel D.C., Schwendicke F., Seedat S., Sha F., Shahabi S., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shamsizadeh M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sharara F., Sharifi H., Shaw D.H., Sheikh A., Sheikhtaheri A., Shibuya K., Shiferaw W.S., Shigematsu M., Shin J.I., Shiri R., Shirkoohi R., Shivakumar K.M., Shrime M.G., Shuval K., Siabani S., Sierpinski R., Sigfusdottir I.D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D.A.S., Silva J.P., Simonetti B., Simpson K.E., Singh J.A., Singh P., Sinha D.N., Skryabin V.Y., Smith E.U.R., Soheili A., Soltani S., Soofi M., Sorensen R.J.D., Soriano J.B., Sorrie M.B., Soyiri I.N., Spurlock E.E., Sreeramareddy C.T., Stanaway J.D., and Steel N.
Abstract: Background: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Method(s): Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (>=65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0-100 based on the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UH
Published: 2020

27. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Author: Hird T.R., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Shin J., Shiri R., Sierpinski R., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D.A.S., Simonetti B., Singh A., Sinha D.N., Skiadaresi E., Skou S.T., Skryabin V.Y., Zastrozhin M.S., Soheili A., Sokhan A., Somefun O.D., Korotkova A.V., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Srinivasan V., Sripada K., Stovner L.J., Stockfelt L., Sultan I., Swope C.B., Vaicekonyte R., Sykes B.L., Szumowski L., Tabb K.M., Tabuchi T., Taddele B.W., Tahir Z., Tareque M.I., Tarigan I.U., Taveira N., Thankappan K.R., Thomas N., Varughese S., Touvier M., Tran B.X., Tsatsakis A., Vardavas C., Ullah I., Umeokonkwo C.D., Undurraga E.A., Upadhyay E., Vasankari T.J., Vasconcelos A.N., Veisani Y., Vidale S., Waheed Y., Wei J., Wang F., Zhao X.G., Wang Y., Yu C., Zhang Z., Wang H., Weiss J., Wiangkham T., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A., Xie Y., Xu G., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S., Yilgwan C.S., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Younker T.P., Yu Y., Zaidi S., Zhang J., Zhang Y., Zheleva B., Zhu C., Abbafati C., Machado D.B., Cislaghi B., Salman O.M., Karanikolos M., McKee M., Abbas K.M., Brady O.J., Larson H.J., Trias-Llimos S., Cummins S., Langan S.M., Sartorius B., Hafiz A., Jenabi E., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N., Borzouei S., Azarian G., Khazaei S., Abbasi M., Asghari B., Masoumi S., Komaki H., Taherkhani A., Adabi M., Abbasifard M., Bazmandegan G., Kamiab Z., Vakilian A., Anjomshoa M., Mokari A., Sabour S., Shahbaz M., Saeedi R., Ahmadieh H., Yousefinezhadi T., Haj-Mirzaian A., Nikbakhsh R., Safi S., Asgari S., Irvani S.N., Jahanmehr N., Ramezanzadeh K., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Khayamzadeh M., Abbastabar H., Shirkoohi R., Fazlzadeh M., Janjani H., Hosseini M., Mansournia M., Tohidinik H., Bakhtiari A., Fazaeli A., Mousavi S., Hasanzadeh A., Nabavizadeh B., Malekzadeh R., Hashemian M., Pourshams A., Salimzadeh H., Sepanlou S.G., Afarideh M., Esteghamati A., Esteghamati S., Ghajar A., Heidari B., Rezaei N., Mohamadi E., Rahimi-Movaghar A., Rahim F., Eskandarieh S., Sahraian M., Mohebi F., Aminorroaya A., Ebrahimi H., Farzadfar F., Mohajer B., Pishgar F., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Shabani M., Zarafshan H., Abolhassani H., Hafezi-Nejad N., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Abdollahi M., Farahmand M., Salamati P., Mehrabi Nasab E., Tajdini M., Aghamir S., Mirzaei R., Dibaji Forooshani Z., Khater M.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdelalim A., Abualhasan A., El-Jaafary S.I., Hassan A., Elsharkawy A., Khater A.M., Elhabashy H.R., Salem M.R.R., Salem H., Sadeghi M., Jafarinia M., Amini-Rarani M., Mohammadifard N., Sarrafzadegan N., Abdollahpour I., Sarveazad A., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Yoosefi Lebni J., Manafi N., Pazoki Toroudi H., Dorostkar F., Alipour V., Sheikhtaheri A., Arabloo J., Azari S., Ghashghaee A., Rezapour A., Naserbakht M., Kabir A., Mehri F., Yousefifard M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Babaee E., Eshrati B., Goharinezhad S., Moradi M., Abedi P., Rashedi V., Kumar V., Elgendy I.Y., Basu S., Park J., Pereira A., Norheim O.F., Eagan A.W., Cahill L.E., Sheikh A., Abushouk A.I., Thakur B., Barnighausen T.W., Shrime M.G., Abedi A., Doshi C.P., Abegaz K.H., Geberemariyam B.S., Aynalem Y.A., Shiferaw W.S., Abosetugn A.E., Aboyans V., Abrams E.M., Gitimoghaddam M., Kissoon N., Stubbs J.L., Brauer M., Iyamu I.O., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Ribeiro A.P., Malta D.C., Gomez R.S., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Almulhim A.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Pottoo F.H., Menezes R.G., Alanzi T.M., Alumran A.K., Abu Haimed A.K., Madadin M., Alanezi F.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Saddik B., Abu-Raddad L.J., Samy A.M., El Nahas N., Shalash A.S., Nabhan A.F., Kamath A.M., Kassebaum N.J., Aravkin A.Y., Kochhar S., Sorensen R.J.D., Afshin A., Burkart K., Cromwell E.A., Gakidou E., Hay S.I., Kyu H.H., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Misganaw A.T., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Pigott D.M., Reiner Jr R.C., Roth G.A., Stanaway J.D., Vollset S., Vos T., Lim S.S., Murray C.J.L., Kalani R., Ikuta K.S., Cho D.Y., Kneib C.J., Crowe C.S., Massenburg B.B., Morrison S.D., Acebedo A., Adelson J.D., Agesa K.M., Alam T., Albertson S.B., Anderson J.A., Antony 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Khatib M., Bhat A.G., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Das J.K., Bibi S., Bilano V., Bin Sayeed M., Cherbuin N., D'Amico E., Grosso G., Borzi A.M., Biondi A., Vacante M., Valli A., Birihane B.M., Bisanzio D., Hassan S., Bjorge T., Overland S., Bockarie M.J., Mensah G.A., Sliwa K., Gholamian A., Bohlouli S., Esmaeilnejad S., Bohluli M., Bolla S.R., Borges G., Bose D., Bourne R., Brayne C., Breitborde N.J.K., Fisher J.L., Breitner S., Brenner H., Breusov A.V., Rakovac I., Briko N.I., Lopukhov P.D., Glushkova E.V., Korshunov V.A., Polibin R.V., Jakovljevic M., Briko A.N., Britton G.B., Castro F., Moreno Velasquez I., Burnett R.T., Burugina Nagaraja S., Busse R., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F., Cai T., Hall B.J., Cahuana-Hurtado L., Camera L.A., Valdez P.R., Tudor Car L., Cardenas R., Gorini G., Carreras G., Fernandes E., Freitas M., Pereira D.M., Santos J.V., Ribeiro D., Pinheiro M., Massano J., das Neves J., Dias da Silva D., Carvalho F., Costa V.M., Silva J.P., Morgado-da-Costa J., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Pakhale S., Cerin E., Yip P., Ho H., Chang J., Chang A.R., Chang K., Cooper O.R., Chaturvedi S., Chimed-Ochir O., Chirinos-Caceres J.L., Choi J.J., Christensen H., Truelsen T.C., Chu D., Kivimaki M., Chung S., Ward J.L., Chung M.T., Cirillo M., Virclo R., Classen T.K.D., Lauriola P., Corso B., Hugo F.N., Kieling C., Cousin E., Duncan B.B., Goulart B.N.G., Schmidt M.I., Stein C., Cowden R.G., MacLachlan J.H., Leigh J., Cross M., Ferreira M.L., Smith E.U.R., Driscoll T.R., Huda T.M., Hoy D.G., Horita N., Cross D.H., Dai H., Hu G., Damasceno A.A.M., Damiani G., La Vecchia C., Sanabria J., Pandey A., Mathur M.R., Zodpey S., Dandona L., Dandona R., Kumar G., Lal D.K., Hamagharib Abdullah K., Hosseinzadeh M., Darwesh A.M., Faraj A., Omar Bali A., Das Gupta R., Dash A.P., Davey G., Deribe K., Gebremedhin K.B., Wondmieneh A.B., Dereje N.D., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., Mereke A., Serdar B., Gebremeskel G.G., Haile T.G., Tadesse D.B., Weldesamuel G.T., Demoz G.T., Gebremeskel L.G., Woldu G., Handiso D., Dervenis N., Topouzis F., Desai R., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Emamian M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Nguyen T.H., Vu G.T., Do H.T., Dokova K., Doku D.T., Neupane S., Takala J.S., Doxey M.C., Doyle K.E., Renzaho A.M.N., Ogbo F.A., Robinson S.R., Vukovic A., Ilic I.M., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Vujcic I.S., Dubljanin E., Vukovic R., Rasella D., Duraes A.R., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Effiong A., Pond C.D., Ehrlich J.R., Liu X., Wei M.Y.W., El Sayed I., El Tantawi M., El Sayed Zaki M., Elbarazi I., Tsai A.C., Elyazar I.R., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Eskandari K., Sharifi H., Halvaei I., Ghaffarifar F., Zaki L., Hasanpoor E., Esmaeilzadeh F., Etemadi A., Lan Q., Yeheyis T.Y., Etisso A.E., Ezekannagha O., e Farinha C.S., Farioli A., Violante F.S., Faris P.S., Mohammad D.K., Faro A., Lam J.O., Filip I., Fischer F., Flor L.S., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Franklin R.C., Fukumoto T., Gamkrelidze A., Kereselidze M., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Lazarus J.V., Straif K., Ghiasvand H., Ghith N., Norrving B., Mehta K.M., Mohamad O., Salama J.S., Ghosh R., Giampaoli S., Gilani S., Hameed S., Hanif A., Rana S.M., Uthman O.A., Gill P.S., Gillum R.F., Ginawi I.A., Ginindza T.G., Tlou B., Tanser F.C., Gnedovskaya E.V., Kravchenko M.A., Piradov M.A., Golechha M., Goli S., Milne G.J., Schlaich M.P., Hankey G.J., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Goudarzi H., Rawassizadeh R., Grada A., Nsoesie E.O., Javaheri T., Rawaf S., Steel N., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guimaraes A.L.S., Guimaraes R.A., Guled R.A., Senbeta A.M., Hashi A., Omer M.O., Yousuf A.Y., Gupta S.S., Gupta T., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Polinder S., Hachinski V., Stranges S., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tyrovolas S., Hasaballah A.I., Hassanipour S., Joukar F., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Jaafari J., Havmoeller R.J., Hayat K., Heibati B., Heidari G., Henok A., Moraga P., Sigfusdottir I.D., Phillips M.R., Hole M.K., Hollingsworth B., Hopf K.P., Hosgood H., Hossain N., Mai H.T., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Pham H.Q., Nguyen D.N., Househ M., Hsairi M., Lin R., Hsieh V., Hwang B., Hu K., Humayun A., Hussain R., Ibeneme C.U., Ikeda N., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Iqbal U., Islami F., Yamagishi K., Iso H., Iwu C.C.D., Jacobsen K.H., Jayatilleke A.U., Jeemon P., Jha R.P., Jia P., Osei F.B., Schutte A.E., Johansson L., Szocska M., Joo T., Jozwiak J.J., Jurisson M., Kabir Z., Roshandel G., Oladnabi M., Kalani H., Kassa G.M., Katikireddi S.V., Yamada T., Nomura S., Kawakami N., Kayode G.A., Kromhout H., Traini E., Kumar M., Keiyoro P.N., Muriithi M.K., Wamai R.G., Khader Y.S., Khalid N., Khan E.A., Khang Y., Khatab K., Khubchandani J., Yoon S., Shin M., Kim C., Kim Y., Kim D., Kimokoti R.W., Kinfu Y., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Topor-Madry R., Lallukka T., Meretoja T.J., Shivakumar K.M., Knudsen A.S., Sulo G., Kosen S., Kotlo A., Koul P.A., Krishan K., KS S., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Yuce D., Rawat R., Meitei W.B., Kumar P., Singh P., Kumaresh G., Lami F.H., Landires I., Nunez-Samudio V., Landires, Lansingh V.C., Lansky S., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Lavados P.M., Leasher J.L., Lee S.W.H., Leonardi M., Raggi A., Sattin PsyD, S Schiavolin D., Li B., Lim L., Takahashi K., Linehan C., Linn S., Shuval K., Listl S., Zhou M., Liu S., Logroscino G., Looker K.J., Lorkowski S., Lunevicius R., Lyons R.A., Madotto F., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahmoudi M., Maled V., Moradi G., Maleki A., Manafi A., Mapoma C., Martini S., Martins-Melo F.R., Masaka A., McAlinden C., Momen N.C., Plana-Ripoll O., Medina-Solis C.E., Meharie B., Mehndiratta M., Mehrotra R., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Mekonnen T., Memiah P.T.N., Wallin M.T., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski T., Miazgowski B., Michalek I., Mini G., Miri M., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Sahebkar A., Mohammed H., Sufiyan M.B., Mohseni Bandpei M.A., Monasta L., Ronfani L., Mondello S., Moradi-Joo M., Morawska L., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Westerman R., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Mukhopadhyay S., Musa K., Mustafa G., Nagarajan A.J., Nagel G., Rothenbacher D., Naik G., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Naimzada M., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Soshnikov S., Titova M.V., Nair S., Naldi L., Nangia V., Nansseu J., Sobngwi E., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ndejjo R., Ngari K.N., Ngunjiri J.W., Nigatu Y.T., Oancea B., Oh I., Okunga E.W., Olusanya J.O., Olusanya B.O., Ong S., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortega-Altamirano D.V., Ortiz A., Soriano J.B., Osarenotor O., Ostojic S.M., Vlassov V., Pa M., Pangaribuan H.U., Park E., Pasupula D., Patel J.R., Patel S.K., Paternina-Caicedo A.J., Pathak M., Pathak A., Patten S.B., Tonelli M., Weintraub R.G., Paudel S., Pepito V.F., Thurston G.D., Peprah E.K., Pereira J., Pescarini J.M., Piccinelli C., Pilgrim T., Plass D., Pokhrel K.N., Prada S.I., Prakash V., Prakash S., Prasad N., Shigematsu M., Pribadi D.R.A., Sudaryanto A., Rabiee M., Radfar A., Ranabhat C.L., Ranta A., Ribeiro D.C., Rao S., Rawaf D.L., Rawal L., Renjith V., Rickard J., Roever L., Romoli M., Rostamian M., Rubagotti E., Rwegerera G.M., Ullah S., Sajadi S., Salam N., Salomon J.A., Salz I., Saraswathy S.Y., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sathian B., Savic M., Saylan M., Schwendicke F., Sekerija M., Senthilkumaran S., Sha F., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., and Shamsizadeh M.
Abstract: Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Method(s): 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a B
Published: 2020

28. The global, regional, and national burden of stomach cancer in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2017

Author: Etemadi, A, Safiri, S, Sepanlou, SG, Ikuta, K, Bisignano, C, Shakeri, R, Amani, M, Fitzmaurice, C, Nixon, MR, Abbasi, N, Abolhassani, H, Advani, SM, Afarideh, M, Akinyemiju, T, Alam, T, Alikhani, M, Alipour, V, Allen, CA, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Arabloo, J, Assadi, R, Atique, S, Awasthi, A, Bakhtiari, A, Behzadifar, M, Berhe, K, Bhala, N, Bijani, A, Bin Sayeed, MS, Bjorge, T, Borzi, AM, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Carreras, G, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Castro, F, Dinh-Toi, C, Costa, VM, Daryani, A, Davitoiu, DV, Demoz, GT, Demis, AB, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dey, S, Nasab, MD, Djalalinia, S, Emamian, MH, Farahmand, M, Fernandes, JC, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gallus, S, Gebremeskel, GG, Gedefew, GA, Ghaseni-Kebria, F, Gorini, G, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Haro, JM, Harvey, JD, Hasanzadeh, A, Hashemian, M, Hassen, HY, Hay, S, Hidru, HD, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, MD, Innos, K, Islami, F, James, SL, Jenabi, E, Kalhor, R, Kamangar, F, Kasaeian, A, Kengne, AP, Khader, YS, Khalilov, R, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaee-Pool, M, Khazaei, S, Khoja, AT, Khosravi Shadmani, F, Kim, YJ, Kocarnik, JM, Komaki, H, Koyanagi, A, Kumar, V, La Vecchia, C, Lopez, AD, Lunevicius, R, Manafi, N, Manda, A-L, Geta, B, Meheretu, H, Mengistu, G, Miazgowski, B, Mir, SM, Mohammad, KA, Mezerji, NMG, Mohammadian, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moosazadeh, M, Moossavi, M, Moradi, G, Moradpour, F, Moradzadeh, R, Moreno Velasquez, I, Mosapour, A, Naderi, M, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nahvijou, A, Negoi, I, Nikbakhsh, R, Nojomi, M, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Oren, E, Parsian, H, Piccinelli, C, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahimi, M, Rahmati, M, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, N, Ribeiro, AI, Roshandel, G, Saad, AM, Saadatagah, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Milicevic, MMS, Sarveazad, A, Sawhney, M, Shaahmadi, F, Sekerija, M, Shaikh, MA, Shamshirian, A, Malleshappa, SKS, Singh, JA, Smarandache, C-G, Soofi, M, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, DBB, Tapak, L, Tesfay, BE, Traini, E, Bach, T, Khanh, BT, Vacante, M, Vahedian-Azimi, A, Veisani, Y, Vosoughi, K, Vujcic, IS, Westerman, R, Wondmieneh, AB, Xu, R, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yousefi, Z, Yousefi, B, Moghadam, TZ, Zaki, L, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zarghi, A, Zhang, Z-J, Naghavi, M, Malekzadeh, R, Etemadi, A, Safiri, S, Sepanlou, SG, Ikuta, K, Bisignano, C, Shakeri, R, Amani, M, Fitzmaurice, C, Nixon, MR, Abbasi, N, Abolhassani, H, Advani, SM, Afarideh, M, Akinyemiju, T, Alam, T, Alikhani, M, Alipour, V, Allen, CA, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Arabloo, J, Assadi, R, Atique, S, Awasthi, A, Bakhtiari, A, Behzadifar, M, Berhe, K, Bhala, N, Bijani, A, Bin Sayeed, MS, Bjorge, T, Borzi, AM, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Carreras, G, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Castro, F, Dinh-Toi, C, Costa, VM, Daryani, A, Davitoiu, DV, Demoz, GT, Demis, AB, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dey, S, Nasab, MD, Djalalinia, S, Emamian, MH, Farahmand, M, Fernandes, JC, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gallus, S, Gebremeskel, GG, Gedefew, GA, Ghaseni-Kebria, F, Gorini, G, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Haro, JM, Harvey, JD, Hasanzadeh, A, Hashemian, M, Hassen, HY, Hay, S, Hidru, HD, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, MD, Innos, K, Islami, F, James, SL, Jenabi, E, Kalhor, R, Kamangar, F, Kasaeian, A, Kengne, AP, Khader, YS, Khalilov, R, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaee-Pool, M, Khazaei, S, Khoja, AT, Khosravi Shadmani, F, Kim, YJ, Kocarnik, JM, Komaki, H, Koyanagi, A, Kumar, V, La Vecchia, C, Lopez, AD, Lunevicius, R, Manafi, N, Manda, A-L, Geta, B, Meheretu, H, Mengistu, G, Miazgowski, B, Mir, SM, Mohammad, KA, Mezerji, NMG, Mohammadian, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moosazadeh, M, Moossavi, M, Moradi, G, Moradpour, F, Moradzadeh, R, Moreno Velasquez, I, Mosapour, A, Naderi, M, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nahvijou, A, Negoi, I, Nikbakhsh, R, Nojomi, M, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Oren, E, Parsian, H, Piccinelli, C, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahimi, M, Rahmati, M, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, N, Ribeiro, AI, Roshandel, G, Saad, AM, Saadatagah, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Milicevic, MMS, Sarveazad, A, Sawhney, M, Shaahmadi, F, Sekerija, M, Shaikh, MA, Shamshirian, A, Malleshappa, SKS, Singh, JA, Smarandache, C-G, Soofi, M, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, DBB, Tapak, L, Tesfay, BE, Traini, E, Bach, T, Khanh, BT, Vacante, M, Vahedian-Azimi, A, Veisani, Y, Vosoughi, K, Vujcic, IS, Westerman, R, Wondmieneh, AB, Xu, R, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yousefi, Z, Yousefi, B, Moghadam, TZ, Zaki, L, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zarghi, A, Zhang, Z-J, Naghavi, M, and Malekzadeh, R
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Stomach cancer is a major health problem in many countries. Understanding the current burden of stomach cancer and the differential trends across various locations is essential for formulating effective preventive strategies. We report on the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to stomach cancer in 195 countries and territories from 21 regions between 1990 and 2017. METHODS: Estimates from GBD 2017 were used to analyse the incidence, mortality, and DALYs due to stomach cancer at the global, regional, and national levels. The rates were standardised to the GBD world population and reported per 100 000 population as age-standardised incidence rates, age-standardised death rates, and age-standardised DALY rates. All estimates were generated with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS: In 2017, more than 1·22 million (95% UI 1·19-1·25) incident cases of stomach cancer occurred worldwide, and nearly 865 000 people (848 000-885 000) died of stomach cancer, contributing to 19·1 million (18·7-19·6) DALYs. The highest age-standardised incidence rates in 2017 were seen in the high-income Asia Pacific (29·5, 28·2-31·0 per 100 000 population) and east Asia (28·6, 27·3-30·0 per 100 000 population) regions, with nearly half of the global incident cases occurring in China. Compared with 1990, in 2017 more than 356 000 more incident cases of stomach cancer were estimated, leading to nearly 96 000 more deaths. Despite the increase in absolute numbers, the worldwide age-standardised rates of stomach cancer (incidence, deaths, and DALYs) have declined since 1990. The drop in the disease burden was associated with improved Socio-demographic Index. Globally, 38·2% (21·1-57·8) of the age-standardised DALYs were attributable to high-sodium diet in both sexes combined, and 24·5% (20·0-28·9) of the age-standardised DALYs were attributable to smoking in males. INTERPRETATION: Our findings provide insight into the changing burden of stomach canc
Published: 2020

29. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Lozano, R, Fullman, N, Mumford, J, Knight, M, Barthelemy, C, Abbafati, C, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, A, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abu Haimed, A, Abushouk, A, Adabi, M, Adebayo, O, Adekanmbi, V, Adelson, J, Adetokunboh, O, Adham, D, Advani, S, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Aghamir, S, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Akinyemi, R, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Albertson, S, Alemu, Y, Alhassan, R, Ali, M, Ali, S, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alla, F, Almadi, M, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Almulhim, A, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Amini, S, Amini-Rarani, M, Amiri, F, Amit, A, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, C, Antony, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aravkin, A, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Ashbaugh, C, Athari, S, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Aynalem, G, Ayza, M, Azari, S, Azzopardi, P, B, D, Babaee, E, Badiye, A, Bahrami, M, Baig, A, Bakhshaei, M, Bakhtiari, A, Bakkannavar, S, Balachandran, A, Balassyano, S, Banach, M, Banerjee, S, Banik, P, Bante, A, Bante, S, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, L, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Baye, B, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Behzadifar, M, Bekuma, T, Bell, M, Bensenor, I, Berman, A, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, R, Bhagavathula, A, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, P, Bhat, A, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, Z, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bilano, V, Biondi, A, Birihane, B, Bockarie, M, Bohlouli, S, Bojia, H, Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Brady, O, Braithwaite, D, Briant, P, Briggs, A, Briko, N, Burugina Nagaraja, S, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Cámera, L, Cárdenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Castro, F, 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Abstract: Background: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (≥65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0–100 based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UHC e
Published: 2020

30. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Author: Fitzmaurice, C. Abate, D. Abbasi, N. Abbastabar, H. Abd-Allah, F. Abdel-Rahman, O. Abdelalim, A. Abdoli, A. Abdollahpour, I. Abdulle, A.S.M. Abebe, N.D. Abraha, H.N. Abu-Raddad, L.J. Abualhasan, A. Adedeji, I.A. Advani, S.M. Afarideh, M. Afshari, M. Aghaali, M. Agius, D. Agrawal, S. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadian, E. Ahmadpour, E. Ahmed, M.B. Akbari, M.E. Akinyemiju, T. Al-Aly, Z. Alabdulkader, A.M. Alahdab, F. Alam, T. Alamene, G.M. Alemnew, B.T.T. Alene, K.A. Alinia, C. Alipour, V. Aljunid, S.M. Bakeshei, F.A. Almadi, M.A.H. Almasi-Hashiani, A. Alsharif, U. Alsowaidi, S. Alvis-Guzman, N. Amini, E. Amini, S. Amoako, Y.A. Anbari, Z. Anber, N.H. Andrei, C.L. Anjomshoa, M. Ansari, F. Ansariadi, A. Appiah, S.C.Y. Arab-Zozani, M. Arabloo, J. Arefi, Z. Aremu, O. Areri, H.A. Artaman, A. Asayesh, H. Asfaw, E.T. Ashagre, A.F. Assadi, R. Ataeinia, B. Atalay, H.T. Ataro, Z. Atique, S. Ausloos, M. Avila-Burgos, L. Avokpaho, E.F.G.A. Awasthi, A. Awoke, N. Ayala Quintanilla, B.P. Ayanore, M.A. Ayele, H.T. Babaee, E. Bacha, U. Badawi, A. Bagherzadeh, M. Bagli, E. Balakrishnan, S. Balouchi, A. Barnighausen, T.W. Battista, R.J. Behzadifar, M. Behzadifar, M. Bekele, B.B. Belay, Y.B. Belayneh, Y.M. Berfield, K.K.S. Berhane, A. Bernabe, E. Beuran, M. Bhakta, N. Bhattacharyya, K. Biadgo, B. Bijani, A. Bin Sayeed, M.S. Birungi, C. Bisignano, C. Bitew, H. Bjorge, T. Bleyer, A. Bogale, K.A. Bojia, H.A. Borzi, A.M. Bosetti, C. Bou-Orm, I.R. Brenner, H. Brewer, J.D. Briko, A.N. Briko, N.I. Bustamante-Teixeira, M.T. Butt, Z.A. Carreras, G. Carrero, J.J. Carvalho, F. Castro, C. Castro, F. Catala-Lopez, F. Cerin, E. Chaiah, Y. Chanie, W.F. Chattu, V.K. Chaturvedi, P. Chauhan, N.S. Chehrazi, M. Chiang, P.P.-C. Chichiabellu, T.Y. Chido-Amajuoyi, O.G. Chimed-Ochir, O. Choi, J.-Y.J. Christopher, D.J. Chu, D.-T. Constantin, M.-M. Costa, V.M. Crocetti, E. Crowe, C.S. Curado, M.P. Dahlawi, S.M.A. Damiani, G. Darwish, A.H. Daryani, A. Das Neves, J. Demeke, F.M. Demis, A.B. Demissie, B.W. Demoz, G.T. Denova-Gutierrez, E. Derakhshani, A. Deribe, K.S. Desai, R. Desalegn, B.B. Desta, M. Dey, S. Dharmaratne, S.D. Dhimal, M. Diaz, D. Dinberu, M.T.T. Djalalinia, S. Doku, D.T. Drake, T.M. Dubey, M. Dubljanin, E. Duken, E.E. Ebrahimi, H. Effiong, A. Eftekhari, A. El Sayed, I. Zaki, M.E.S. El-Jaafary, S.I. El-Khatib, Z. Elemineh, D.A. Elkout, H. Ellenbogen, R.G. Elsharkawy, A. Emamian, M.H. Endalew, D.A. Endries, A.Y. Eshrati, B. Fadhil, I. Fallah, V. Faramarzi, M. Farhangi, M.A. Farioli, A. Farzadfar, F. Fentahun, N. Fernandes, E. Feyissa, G.T. Filip, I. Fischer, F. Fisher, J.L. Force, L.M. Foroutan, M. Freitas, M. Fukumoto, T. Futran, N.D. Gallus, S. Gankpe, F.G. Gayesa, R.T. Gebrehiwot, T.T. Gebremeskel, G.G. Gedefaw, G.A. Gelaw, B.K. Geta, B. Getachew, S. Gezae, K.E. Ghafourifard, M. Ghajar, A. Ghashghaee, A. Gholamian, A. Gill, P.S. Ginindza, T.T.G. Girmay, A. Gizaw, M. Gomez, R.S. Gopalani, S.V. Gorini, G. Goulart, B.N.G. Grada, A. Ribeiro Guerra, M. Guimaraes, A.L.S. Gupta, P.C. Gupta, R. Hadkhale, K. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Hamadeh, R.R. Hamidi, S. Hanfore, L.K. Haro, J.M. Hasankhani, M. Hasanzadeh, A. Hassen, H.Y. Hay, R.J. Hay, S.I. Henok, A. Henry, N.J. Herteliu, C. Hidru, H.D. Hoang, C.L. Hole, M.K. Hoogar, P. Horita, N. Hosgood, H.D. Hosseini, M. Hosseinzadeh, M. Hostiuc, M. Hostiuc, S. Househ, M. Hussen, M.M. Ileanu, B. Ilic, M.D. Innos, K. Irvani, S.S.N. Iseh, K.R. Islam, S.M.S. Islami, F. Jafari Balalami, N. Jafarinia, M. Jahangiry, L. Jahani, M.A. Jahanmehr, N. Jakovljevic, M. James, S.L. Javanbakht, M. Jayaraman, S. Jee, S.H. Jenabi, E. Jha, R.P. Jonas, J.B. Jonnagaddala, J. Joo, T. Jungari, S.B. Jurisson, M. Kabir, A. Kamangar, F. Karch, A. Karimi, N. Karimian, A. Kasaeian, A. Kasahun, G.G. Kassa, B. Kassa, T.D. Kassaw, M.W. Kaul, A. Keiyoro, P.N. Kelbore, A.G. Kerbo, A.A. Khader, Y.S. Khalilarjmandi, M. Khan, E.A. Khan, G. Khang, Y.-H. Khatab, K. Khater, A. Khayamzadeh, M. Khazaee-Pool, M. Khazaei, S. Khoja, A.T. Khosravi, M.H. Khubchandani, J. Kianipour, N. Kim, D. Kim, Y.J. Kisa, A. Kisa, S. Kissimova-Skarbek, K. Komaki, H. Koyanagi, A. Krohn, K.J. Bicer, B.K. Kugbey, N. Kumar, V. Kuupiel, D. La Vecchia, C. Lad, D.P. Lake, E.A. Lakew, A.M. Lal, D.K. Lami, F.H. Lan, Q. Lasrado, S. Lauriola, P. Lazarus, J.V. Leigh, J. Leshargie, C.T. Liao, Y. Limenih, M.A. Listl, S. Lopez, A.D. Lopukhov, P.D. Lunevicius, R. Madadin, M. Magdeldin, S. El Razek, H.M.A. Majeed, A. Maleki, A. Malekzadeh, R. Manafi, A. Manafi, N. Manamo, W.A. Mansourian, M. Mansournia, M.A. Mantovani, L.G. Maroufizadeh, S. Martini, S.M.S. Mashamba-Thompson, T.P. Massenburg, B.B. Maswabi, M.T. Mathur, M.R. McAlinden, C. McKee, M. Meheretu, H.A.A. Mehrotra, R. Mehta, V. Meier, T. Melaku, Y.A. Meles, G.G. Meles, H.G. Melese, A. Melku, M. Memiah, P.T.N. Mendoza, W. Menezes, R.G. Merat, S. Meretoja, T.J. Mestrovic, T. Miazgowski, B. Miazgowski, T. Mihretie, K.M.M. Miller, T.R. Mills, E.J. Mir, S.M. Mirzaei, H. Mirzaei, H.R. Mishra, R. Moazen, B. Mohammad, D.K. Mohammad, K.A. Mohammad, Y. Darwesh, A.M. Mohammadbeigi, A. Mohammadi, H. Mohammadi, M. Mohammadian, M. Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A. Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M. Mohammadpourhodki, R. Mohammed, A.S. Mohammed, J.A. Mohammed, S. Mohebi, F. Mokdad, A.H. Monasta, L. Moodley, Y. Moosazadeh, M. Moossavi, M. Moradi, G. Moradi-Joo, M. Moradi-Lakeh, M. Moradpour, F. Morawska, L. Morgado-Da-costa, J. Morisaki, N. Morrison, S.D. Mosapour, A. Mousavi, S.M. Muche, A.A. Muhammed, O.S.S. Musa, J. Nabhan, A.R. Naderi, M. Nagarajan, A.J. Nagel, G. Nahvijou, A. Naik, G. Najafi, F. Naldi, L. Nam, H.S. Nasiri, N. Nazari, J. Negoi, I. Neupane, S. Newcomb, P.A. Nggada, H.A. Ngunjiri, J.W. Nguyen, C.T. Nikniaz, L. Ningrum, D.N.A. Nirayo, Y.L. Nixon, M.R. Nnaji, C.A. Nojomi, M. Nosratnejad, S. Shiadeh, M.N. Obsa, M.S. Ofori-Asenso, R. Ogbo, F.A. Oh, I.-H. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Oluwasanu, M.M. Omonisi, A.E. Onwujekwe, O.E. Oommen, A.M. Oren, E. Ortega-Altamirano, D.D.V. Ota, E. Otstavnov, S.S. Owolabi, M.O. P A, M. Padubidri, J.R. Pakhale, S. Pakpour, A.H. Pana, A. Park, E.-K. Parsian, H. Pashaei, T. Patel, S. Patil, S.T. Pennini, A. Pereira, D.M. Piccinelli, C. Pillay, J.D. Pirestani, M. Pishgar, F. Postma, M.J. Pourjafar, H. Pourmalek, F. Pourshams, A. Prakash, S. Prasad, N. Qorbani, M. Rabiee, M. Rabiee, N. Radfar, A. Rafiei, A. Rahim, F. Rahimi, M. Rahman, M.A. Rajati, F. Rana, S.M. Raoofi, S. Rath, G.K. Rawaf, D.L. Rawaf, S. Reiner, R.C. Renzaho, A.M.N. Rezaei, N. Rezapour, A. Ribeiro, A.I. Ribeiro, D. Ronfani, L. Roro, E.M. Roshandel, G. Rostami, A. Saad, R.S. Sabbagh, P. Sabour, S. Saddik, B. Safiri, S. Sahebkar, A. Salahshoor, M.R. Salehi, F. Salem, H. Salem, M.R. Salimzadeh, H. Salomon, J.A. Samy, A.M. Sanabria, J. Santric Milicevic, M.M. Sartorius, B. Sarveazad, A. Sathian, B. Satpathy, M. Savic, M. Sawhney, M. Sayyah, M. Schneider, I.J.C. Schottker, B. Sekerija, M. Sepanlou, S.G. Sepehrimanesh, M. Seyedmousavi, S. Shaahmadi, F. Shabaninejad, H. Shahbaz, M. Shaikh, M.A. Shamshirian, A. Shamsizadeh, M. Sharafi, H. Sharafi, Z. Sharif, M. Sharifi, A. Sharifi, H. Sharma, R. Sheikh, A. Shirkoohi, R. Shukla, S.R. Si, S. Siabani, S. Silva, D.A.S. Silveira, D.G.A. Singh, A. Singh, J.A. Sisay, S. Sitas, F. Sobngwi, E. Soofi, M. Soriano, J.B. Stathopoulou, V. Sufiyan, M.B. Tabares-Seisdedos, R. Tabuchi, T. Takahashi, K. Tamtaji, O.R. Tarawneh, M.R. Tassew, S.G. Taymoori, P. Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. Temsah, M.-H. Temsah, O. Tesfay, B.E. Tesfay, F.H. Teshale, M.Y. Tessema, G.A. Thapa, S. Tlaye, K.G. Topor-Madry, R. Tovani-Palone, M.R. Traini, E. Tran, B.X. Tran, K.B. Tsadik, A.G. Ullah, I. Uthman, O.A. Vacante, M. Vaezi, M. Varona Perez, P. Veisani, Y. Vidale, S. Violante, F.S. Vlassov, V. Vollset, S.E. Vos, T. Vosoughi, K. Vu, G.T. Vujcic, I.S. Wabinga, H. Wachamo, T.M. Wagnew, F.S. Waheed, Y. Weldegebreal, F. Weldesamuel, G.T. Wijeratne, T. Wondafrash, D.Z. Wonde, T.E. Wondmieneh, A.B. Workie, H.M. Yadav, R. Yadegar, A. Yadollahpour, A. Yaseri, M. Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V. Yeshaneh, A. Yimam, M.A. Yimer, E.M. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Younis, M.Z. Yousefi, B. Yousefifard, M. Yu, C. Zabeh, E. Zadnik, V. Moghadam, T.Z. Zaidi, Z. Zamani, M. Zandian, H. Zangeneh, A. Zaki, L. Zendehdel, K. Zenebe, Z.M. Zewale, T.A. Ziapour, A. Zodpey, S. Murray, C.J.L. Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration
Abstract: Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Published: 2019

31. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived with Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017 : A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author: Fitzmauric, C., Fitzmaurice, C., Abate, D., Abbasi, N., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdel-Rahman, O., Abdelalim, A., Abdoli, A., Abdollahpour, I., Abdulle, A. S. M., Abebe, N. D., Abraha, H. N., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Abualhasan, A., Adedeji, I. A., Advani, S. M., Afarideh, M., Afshari, M., Aghaali, M., Agius, D., Agrawal, S., Ahmadi, A., Ahmadian, E., Ahmadpour, E., Ahmed, M. B., Akbari, M. E., Akinyemiju, T., Al-Aly, Z., Alabdulkader, A. M., Alahdab, F., Alam, T., Alamene, G. M., Alemnew, B. T. T., Alene, K. A., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Bakeshei, F. A., Almadi, M. A. H., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Alsharif, U., Alsowaidi, S., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amini, E., Amini, S., Amoako, Y. A., Anbari, Z., Anber, N. H., Andrei, C. L., Anjomshoa, M., Ansari, F., Ansariadi, A., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arab-Zozani, M., Arabloo, J., Arefi, Z., Aremu, O., Areri, H. A., Artaman, A., Asayesh, H., Asfaw, E. T., Ashagre, A. F., Assadi, R., Ataeinia, B., Atalay, H. T., Ataro, Z., Atique, S., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Avokpaho, E. F. G. A., Awasthi, A., Awoke, N., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Ayanore, M. A., Ayele, H. T., Babaee, E., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Bagherzadeh, M., Bagli, E., Balakrishnan, S., Balouchi, A., Bärnighausen, T. W., Battista, R. J., Behzadifar, M., Bekele, B. B., Belay, Y. B., Belayneh, Y. M., Berfield, K. K. S., Berhane, A., Bernabe, E., Beuran, M., Bhakta, N., Bhattacharyya, K., Biadgo, B., Bijani, A., Bin Sayeed, M. S., Birungi, C., Bisignano, C., Bitew, H., Bjørge, T., Bleyer, A., Bogale, K. A., Bojia, H. A., Borzì, A. M., Bosetti, C., Bou-Orm, I. R., Brenner, H., Brewer, J. D., Briko, A. N., Briko, N. I., Bustamante-Teixeira, M. T., Butt, Z. A., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castro, C., Castro, F., Catalá-López, F., Cerin, E., Chaiah, Y., Chanie, W. F., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, P., Chauhan, N. S., Chehrazi, M., Chiang, P. P. -C, Chichiabellu, T. Y., Chido-Amajuoyi, O. G., Chimed-Ochir, O., Choi, J. -YJ., Christopher, D. J., Chu, D. -T, Constantin, M. -M, Costa, V. M., Crocetti, E., Crowe, C. S., Curado, M. P., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Damiani, G., Darwish, A. H., Daryani, A., Das Neves, J., Demeke, F. M., Demis, A. B., Demissie, B. W., Demoz, G. T., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Derakhshani, A., Deribe, K. S., Desai, R., Desalegn, B. B., Desta, M., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhimal, M., Diaz, D., Dinberu, M. T. T., Djalalinia, S., Doku, D. T., Drake, T. M., Dubey, M., Dubljanin, E., Duken, E. E., Ebrahimi, H., Effiong, A., Eftekhari, A., El Sayed, I., Zaki, M. E. S., El-Jaafary, S. I., El-Khatib, Z., Elemineh, D. A., Elkout, H., Ellenbogen, R. G., Elsharkawy, A., Emamian, M. H., Endalew, D. A., Endries, A. Y., Eshrati, B., Fadhil, I., Fallah, V., Faramarzi, M., Farhangi, M. A., Farioli, A., Farzadfar, F., Fentahun, N., Fernandes, E., Feyissa, G. T., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J. L., Force, L. M., Foroutan, M., Freitas, M., Fukumoto, T., Futran, N. D., Gallus, S., Gankpe, F. G., Gayesa, R. T., Gebrehiwot, T. T., Gebremeskel, G. G., Gedefaw, G. A., Gelaw, B. K., Geta, B., Getachew, S., Gezae, K. E., Ghafourifard, M., Ghajar, A., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Gill, P. S., Ginindza, T. T. G., Girmay, A., Gizaw, M., Gomez, R. S., Gopalani, S. V., Gorini, G., Goulart, B. N. G., Grada, A., Ribeiro Guerra, M., Guimaraes, A. L. S., Gupta, P. C., Gupta, R., Hadkhale, K., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Hanfore, L. K., Haro, J. M., Hasankhani, M., Hasanzadeh, A., Hassen, H. Y., Hay, R. J., Hay, S. I., Henok, A., Henry, N. J., Herteliu, C., Hidru, H. D., Hoang, C. L., Hole, M. K., Hoogar, P., Horita, N., Hosgood, H. D., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Hussen, M. M., Ileanu, B., Ilic, M. D., Innos, K., Irvani, S. S. N., Iseh, K. R., Islam, S. M. S., Islami, F., Jafari Balalami, N., Jafarinia, M., Jahangiry, L., Jahani, M. A., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M., James, S. L., Javanbakht, M., Jayaraman, S., Jee, S. H., Jenabi, E., Jha, R. P., Jonas, J. B., Jonnagaddala, J., Joo, T., Jungari, S. B., Jürisson, M., Kabir, A., Kamangar, F., Karch, A., Karimi, N., Karimian, A., Kasaeian, A., Kasahun, G. G., Kassa, B., Kassa, T. D., Kassaw, M. W., Kaul, A., Keiyoro, P. N., Kelbore, A. G., Kerbo, A. A., Khader, Y. S., Khalilarjmandi, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, G., Khang, Y. -H, Khatab, K., Khater, A., Khayamzadeh, M., Khazaee-Pool, M., Khazaei, S., Khoja, A. T., Khosravi, M. H., Khubchandani, J., Kianipour, N., Kim, D., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissimova-Skarbek, K., Komaki, H., Koyanagi, A., Krohn, K. J., Bicer, B. K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, V., Kuupiel, D., La Vecchia, C., Lad, D. P., Lake, E. A., Lakew, A. M., Lal, D. K., Lami, F. H., Lan, Q., Lasrado, S., Lauriola, P., Lazarus, J. V., Leigh, J., Leshargie, C. T., Liao, Y., Limenih, M. A., Listl, S., Lopez, A. D., Lopukhov, P. D., Lunevicius, R., Madadin, M., Magdeldin, S., El Razek, H. M. A., Majeed, A., Maleki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Manafi, A., Manafi, N., Manamo, W. A., Mansourian, M., Mansournia, M. A., Mantovani, L. G., Maroufizadeh, S., Martini, S. M. S., Mashamba-Thompson, T. P., Massenburg, B. B., Maswabi, M. T., Mathur, M. R., McAlinden, C., McKee, M., Meheretu, H. A. A., Mehrotra, R., Mehta, V., Meier, T., Melaku, Y. A., Meles, G. G., Meles, H. G., Melese, A., Melku, M., Memiah, P. T. N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Merat, S., Meretoja, T. J., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Mihretie, K. M. M., Miller, T. R., Mills, E. J., Mir, S. M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, H. R., Mishra, R., Moazen, B., Mohammad, D. K., Mohammad, K. A., Mohammad, Y., Darwesh, A. M., Mohammadbeigi, A., Mohammadi, H., Mohammadi, M., Mohammadian, M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, A. S., Mohammed, J. A., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A. 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H., Teshale, M. Y., Tessema, G. A., Thapa, S., Tlaye, K. G., Topor-Madry, R., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Traini, E., Tran, B. X., Tran, K. B., Tsadik, A. G., Ullah, I., Uthman, O. A., Vacante, M., Vaezi, M., Varona Pérez, P., Veisani, Y., Vidale, S., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Vollset, S. E., Vos, T., Vosoughi, K., Vu, G. T., Vujcic, I. S., Wabinga, H., Wachamo, T. M., Wagnew, F. S., Waheed, Y., Weldegebreal, F., Weldesamuel, G. T., Wijeratne, T., Wondafrash, D. Z., Wonde, T. E., Wondmieneh, A. B., Workie, H. M., Yadav, R., Yadegar, A., Yadollahpour, A., Yaseri, M., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yeshaneh, A., Yimam, M. A., Yimer, E. M., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M. Z., Yousefi, B., Yousefifard, M., Yu, C., Zabeh, E., Zadnik, V., Moghadam, T. Z., Zaidi, Z., Zamani, M., Zandian, H., Zangeneh, A., Zaki, L., Zendehdel, K., Zenebe, Z. M., Zewale, T. A., Ziapour, A., Zodpey, S., Murray, C. J. L., and Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration,
Abstract: Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs fo
Published: 2019
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32. Measuring narrative engagement: The heart tells the story

Author: Daniel C. Richardson, John Hogan, Yan J, Jeremy I. Skipper, Joseph T. Devlin, Stephenson A, Zaki L, Noble R, Griffin Nk, and Curry T
Subjects: Entertainment, Cultural identity, Human culture, Active listening, Narrative, Psychology, Physiological responses, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Stories play a fundamental role in human culture. They provide a mechanism for sharing cultural identity, imparting knowledge, revealing beliefs, reinforcing social bonds and providing entertainment that is central to all human societies. Here we investigated the extent to which the delivery medium of a story (audio or visual) affected conscious and subconscious engagement with the narrative. Although participants self-reported greater involvement for watching video relative to listening to auditory scenes, stronger physiological responses were recorded for auditory stories. Sensors placed at their wrists showed higher and more variable heart rates, greater electrodermal activity, and even higher body temperatures. We interpret these findings as physiological evidence that the stories were more cognitively and emotionally engaging when presented in an auditory format. This may be because listening to a story, rather than watching a video, is a more active process of co-creation, and that this imaginative process in the listener’s mind is detectable on the skin at their wrist.
Published: 2018
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33. Methylmercury Poisoning In Iraqi Children: Clinical Observations Over Two Years

Author: Amin-Zaki, L., Majeed, M. A., Clarkson, T. W., and Greenwood, M. R.
Published: 1978

34. Mercury

Author: Clarkson, T. W., Hamada, R., Amin-Zaki, L., Bernhard, Silke, editor, and Nriagu, J. O., editor
Published: 1984
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35. The Action of 2-(4′-Amino Phenyl)-6-Methyl Benzene Thiazol-3,7′-Disulfonic Acid (APMB) on Anion Transport and the Protein in Band 3 of the Red Blood Cell Membrane

Author: Passow, H., Pring, M., Legrum-Schuhmann, B., Zaki, L., Semenza, Giorgio, editor, and Carafoli, Ernesto, editor
Published: 1977
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36. Clinical Manifestations and Dose Dependency of Acute and Chronic Methylmercury Intoxication

Author: Amin-Zaki, L., Schmidt, Eberhard H. F., editor, and Hildebrandt, Alfred G., editor
Published: 1983
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37. High-performance repetition cat code using fast noisy operations

Author: Francois-Marie Le Régent, Camille Berdou, Zaki Leghtas, Jérémie Guillaud, and Mazyar Mirrahimi
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Bosonic cat qubits stabilized by two-photon driven dissipation benefit from exponential suppression of bit-flip errors and an extensive set of gates preserving this protection. These properties make them promising building blocks of a hardware-efficient and fault-tolerant quantum processor. In this paper, we propose a performance optimization of the repetition cat code architecture using fast but noisy CNOT gates for stabilizer measurements. This optimization leads to high thresholds for the physical figure of merit, given as the ratio between intrinsic single-photon loss rate of the bosonic mode and the engineered two-photon loss rate, as well as an improved scaling below threshold of the required overhead, to reach an expected level of logical error rate. Relying on the specific error models for cat qubit operations, this optimization exploits fast parity measurements, using accelerated low-fidelity CNOT gates, combined with fast ancilla parity-check qubits. The significant enhancement in the performance is explained by: 1- the highly asymmetric error model of cat qubit CNOT gates with a major component on control (ancilla) qubits, and 2- the robustness of the repetition cat code error correction performance in presence of the leakage induced by fast operations. In order to demonstrate these performances, we develop a method to sample the repetition code under circuit-level noise that also takes into account cat qubit state leakage.
Published: 2023
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38. Studies on inactivation of anion transport in human red blood cell membrane by reversibly and irreversibly acting arginine-specific reagents

Author: Julien, T. and Zaki, L.
Published: 1988
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39. Saturation of the photon-drag voltage at high CO2 laser intensities

Author: Ali, G. AE-F., Montasser, S., Zaki, L., Refaei, S. M., and El-Nadi, L.
Published: 1986
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40. Energy-participation quantization of Josephson circuits

Author: Zlatko K. Minev, Zaki Leghtas, Shantanu O. Mundhada, Lysander Christakis, Ioan M. Pop, and Michel H. Devoret
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract: Abstract Superconducting microwave circuits incorporating nonlinear devices, such as Josephson junctions, are a leading platform for emerging quantum technologies. Increasing circuit complexity further requires efficient methods for the calculation and optimization of the spectrum, nonlinear interactions, and dissipation in multi-mode distributed quantum circuits. Here we present a method based on the energy-participation ratio (EPR) of a dissipative or nonlinear element in an electromagnetic mode. The EPR, a number between zero and one, quantifies how much of the mode energy is stored in each element. The EPRs obey universal constraints and are calculated from one electromagnetic-eigenmode simulation. They lead directly to the system quantum Hamiltonian and dissipative parameters. The method provides an intuitive and simple-to-use tool to quantize multi-junction circuits. We experimentally tested this method on a variety of Josephson circuits and demonstrated agreement within several percents for nonlinear couplings and modal Hamiltonian parameters, spanning five orders of magnitude in energy, across a dozen samples.
Published: 2021
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41. AFFINITY LABELS AS SUBSTRATES FOR THE ANION TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AT THE CONTRALUMINAL CELL SIDE OF THE RENAL PROXIMAL TUBULE

Author: Ullrich, K. J., primary, Rumrich, G., additional, Fasold, H., additional, and Zaki, L., additional
Published: 1987
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42. Expression of lactate dehydrogenase, myosin heavy chain and myogenic regulatory factor genes in rabbit embryonic muscle cell cultures

Author: Barjot, C., Laplace-Marieze, V., Gannoun-Zaki, L., McKoy, G., Briand, M., Vigneron, Pascale, Bacou, F., Différenciation Cellulaire et Croissance (DCC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), and gannoun, laila
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], CULTURE DE CELLULES, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], musculoskeletal system, tissues, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myosin heavy chains (MyHC), as markers of myogenesis, metabolism and contractility respectively, were investigated during differentiation of rabbit embryonic muscle cells in primary culture. Myf5, MyoD and myogenin mRNAs were abundantly expressed at day 1 of culture. The expression of Myf5 and MyoD mRNA transcripts decreased sharply as myoblasts fused and differentiated into myotubes, whilst myogenin mRNA was maintained throughout the duration of the culture. In contrast, MRF4 mRNA was weakly expressed on day 1 of culture, its expression increased slightly as myoblasts fused and reached a maximum level in 7-day-old cultures containing striated myofibres. The specific activity of LDH increased linearly during myoblast proliferation and fusion. In 7-day-old cultures, LDH-M mRNA (dominant in glycolytic muscles) and LDH-H mRNA (predominant in perinatal and oxidative muscles) represented 38% and 62% of total LDH mRNA respectively. At this stage, immunocytochemical staining with perinatal and adult-type MyHC antibodies showed that embryonic and perinatal MyHC isoforms were expressed in all myotubes, while few of them were stained by type I MyHC antibody. However, none of them expressed adult type II MyHC. The latter results were further supported by RT-PCR analysis of adult-type MyHC mRNA which showed that only the type I MyHC mRNA transcript was expressed. These data were in agreement with those reported in vivo on perinatal rabbit muscles. They differed from those obtained on cultured satellite cells isolated from adult rabbit fast-twitch or slow-twitch muscles which did not express embryonic MyHC, and instead expressed fast- or slow-type MyHC according to their muscle origin. Taken together, these results further suggest that myogenic mononucleated cells express different properties in vitro according to their developmental origin as well as properties related to those of the muscles from which they were isolated.
Published: 1998

43. Emotion Differentiation Protects Against Nonsuicidal Self-Injurious Behavior in Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder

Author: Zaki, L. F., primary, Coifman, K. G., additional, Rafaeli, E., additional, Berenson, K. R., additional, and Downey, G., additional
Published: 2013
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44. Application of Laser interference Technique to investigate Haematological Disorders

Author: El-Ghandoor, H., primary, El-Said, E., additional, Bayoumy, A., additional, and Zaki, L., additional
Published: 2012
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45. ABNORMAL NEURONAL MIGRATION, DERANGED CEREBRAL CORTICAL ORGANIZATION, AND DIFFUSE WHITE MATTER ASTROCYTOSIS OF HUMAN FETAL BRAIN: A MAJOR EFFECT OF METHYLMERCURY POISONING IN UTERO

Author: CHOI, BEN H., LAPHAM, LOWELL W., AMIN-ZAKI, L., and SALEEM, T.
Published: 1978

46. Involvement of Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans

Author: Gannoun-Zaki, L, PIERI, ISABELLE, Badet, Josette, Moenner, Michel, Barritault, Denis, CANNOUN-ZAKI, LEILA, Développement humain : Croissance et différenciation, Institut des sciences du Médicament -Toxicologie - Chimie - Environnement (IFR71), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mécanismes moléculaires de l'angiogénèse, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), OTR3 Sarl, OTR3, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Cell division, biology, Chemistry, General Neuroscience, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Heparan sulfate, Perlecan, Endocytosis, Cross-Linking Reagents, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Cell biology, Glycosaminoglycan, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, History and Philosophy of Science, Cell culture, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 1991
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47. Down-regulation of mitochondrial mRNAs in themdxmouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Author: Gannoun-Zaki, L, primary, Fournier-Bidoz, S, additional, Le Cam, G, additional, Chambon, C, additional, Millasseau, Ph, additional, Léger, J.J, additional, and Dechesne, C.A, additional
Published: 1995
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48. E-box- and MEF-2-independent muscle-specific expression, positive autoregulation, and cross-activation of the chicken MyoD (CMD1) promoter reveal an indirect regulatory pathway

Author: Dechesne, C A, primary, Wei, Q, additional, Eldridge, J, additional, Gannoun-Zaki, L, additional, Millasseau, P, additional, Bougueleret, L, additional, Caterina, D, additional, and Paterson, B M, additional
Published: 1994
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49. Localization of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA in rabbit gastric mucosa by in situ hybridization.

Author: Nonotte, I, primary, Laliberté, M F, additional, Gannoun-Zaki, L, additional, Bali, J P, additional, Chevillard, C, additional, and Laliberté, F, additional
Published: 1994
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50. Multiplexed Photon Number Measurement

Author: Antoine Essig, Quentin Ficheux, Théau Peronnin, Nathanaël Cottet, Raphaël Lescanne, Alain Sarlette, Pierre Rouchon, Zaki Leghtas, and Benjamin Huard
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: When a two-level system—a qubit—is used as a probe of a larger system, it naturally leads to answering a single yes-no question about the system state. Here we propose a method where a single qubit is able to extract, not a single, but many bits of information about the photon number of a microwave resonator using continuous measurement. We realize a proof-of-principle experiment by recording the fluorescence emitted by a superconducting qubit reflecting a frequency comb, thus implementing multiplexed photon counting where the information about each Fock state—from 0 to 8—is simultaneously encoded in independent measurement channels. Direct Wigner tomography of the quantum state of the resonator evidences the backaction of the measurement as well as the optimal information extraction parameters. Our experiment unleashes the full potential of quantum meters by replacing sequential quantum measurements with simultaneous and continuous measurements separated in the frequency domain.
Published: 2021
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