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Military actions bring many negative consequences both in the short and long term. In particular, not only people suffer during armed aggression, but also the ecosystem and agrocenoses. This article examined the impact of bombardment of agricultural land with aerial bombs and established whether it was really contaminated with heavy metals. Samples were collected in two regions of Ukraine - Sumy and Chernihiv - from craters formed by bombing. The soil was taken directly from the bottom of the crater, at three points on its slope and 20 meters from the crater, in a conditionally undamaged area. The soil was analyzed in the laboratory using X-ray fluorescence analysis. The study analyzed the content of barium, zirconium, rubidium, zinc, and vanadium soil samples from a crater. The impact of aerial bombings on the concentration of heavy metals in the soils of the farms under investigation is unclear, it may be inferred. The concentration of barium, zirconium, and manganese on the crater slopes is higher in certain farms than in others, but overall trends do not show an obvious increase in these elements when compared to the control sites. However, several farms did not report significant shifts in the heavy metal composition, indicating how challenging it is to monitor whether explosions affect the concentrations of these elements. With a few exceptions, other heavy elements including strontium, rubidium, and zinc did not consistently exhibit excesses in the craters. Therefore, further, more thorough assessment of soil contamination should be carried out and methods for remediation should be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years the question about organic cultivation of crops is becoming more popular. It means, that farmers which want to use organic products and grow crops it sustainable way have to follow certain rules. So, the aim of our study was to estimate effect of seed inoculation and foliar fertilization of corn by special fertilizer products with microorganisms that certified Organic standard. Therefore, corn seeds were treated by biofertilizers in liquid (Leanum) and powdered (Vitamin O7) forms and then sown in the field conditions. During summer period, plants were treated by liquid fertilizer one or two times. Also, impact of the soil tillage was studied. Research was conducted on the effects of cultivation at depths of 15-18 and 5-8 cm, as well as plowing and flat-cutting cultivation at depths of 25-28 cm. It was found that fertilization impacted on corn yield and grain quality - protein, ash and starch content. Usage of seed inoculants and foliar fertilization in generally leads to increase yield but at different levels. Protein and oil content had a weak positive correlation with applied fertilizers on the background of flat-cut tillage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of scientific research aimed at studying the impact of land use on the acid-base buffering capacity of gleyed sod-podzolic soils in the Carpathian region were analyzed. The transformation of these indicators was investigated using a comprehensive approach that encompasses the influence of various factors, such as agrotechnological methods and atmospheric precipitation, on the acidity and alkalinity parameters of soil solution. The research results confirm a significant influence of these factors on the acid-base characteristics, emphasizing the need for the development of a scientifically grounded approach to managing fertility and stability of the soil environment in agricultural ecosystems of the Carpathians. The study opens the perspectives for optimizing agrotechnologies and developing effective measures for the rational use of soil resources in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to establish the impact of tillage (reversible to a depth of 25-28 cm and irreversible to a depth of 25-28, 15-18 and 5-8 cm) and the fertilizing products such as LEANUM and VITAMIN O7 (liquid and powdered, respectively) for growing Hemingway and Harmonium hybrids with FAO 280 and 380 on the leaf area duration (LAD) and the concentration of chlorophyll a and b. The leaf area duration was measured by the method of M. I. Orlovskyi and calculated using the formula. The content of chlorophyll a and b in maize leaves was determined using the ULAB 102 Spectrophotometer. In general, the effect of biofertilizer treatment on the leaf can be noted by increasing the leaf area duration. Thus, for Harmonium, with any variant of tillage, the leaf area duration increased on the variants of foliar treatment. And on irreversible tillage for three years, an increase in the leaf area duration was noted with the use of pre-sowing inoculation with the studied fertilizing products, one treatment with LEANUM foliar, and a combined treatment with LEANUM + 1 LEANUM. It is worth noting that disking to a depth of 5-8 cm only led to a decrease in the leaf area duration during the cultivation of Harmonium. However, when growing Hemingway, almost all variants had a positive effect on the leaf area duration, with the exception of inoculation (when using both fertilizing products). An interesting fact is that in most cases, an increase in the leaf area duration led to a decrease in the concentration of chlorophyll a, but did not lead to a decrease in the total concentration of chlorophylls a and b, due to an increase in the concentration of chlorophyll b. It should be noted that biofertilizer treatment and tillage significantly affected the concentration of chlorophyll a and chlorophylls a and b, but chlorophyll b was not affected by tillage. When growing Hemingway, neither biologics nor tillage had any effect, while other pigments had a significant effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment studied the effectiveness of fertilizers in the foliar application of Rhizum, Leanum, and Gumisil-A in the field of barley which contain organic substances, macro- and micronutrients, amino acids, phytohormones. Of the three fertilizers, only Leanum contained nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-forming, and potassium-mobilizing, lactic acid bacteria, decomposers, beneficial fungi. Soil of the experimental plot has low content of humus and nitrogen, medium content of labile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium with pH H2O 6.7. The highest yield was obtained with Leanum, exceeding the control without foliar application by 10.2%. As a result, using Leanum, the level of profitability is 6.44%. The application of Rhizum and Gumisil-A was not profitable due to the insignificant increase in yield and the cost of preparation, transportation and applying. Expensive fuel lubricating materials currently offset farmers' profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has had a profound impact on global food production, affecting the supply of agricultural products on world markets, including the structure of cultivated areas for major crops such as sunflower. This article examines the share of sunflower cultivation compared to other crops during the pre-war period and throughout the war, focusing on the cultivated areas by region in Ukraine. An analysis of the dynamics of sunflower cultivation areas is conducted. It is observed that the share of sunflower has increased due to a less problematic market compared to corn, maintaining almost guaranteed profitability, lower cultivation technology costs due to in-country processing facilities. Agricultural crops in Ukraine are characterized by an increase in the cost of cultivation technology, logistical chain issues, and a sharp decline in profitability, especially for cereal crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic farming is an important way to get healthy food and build a healthy nation. There is no alternative to herbicides, so scientists are improving the system of tillage and the use of mulch from plant residues, green manure in organic crop rotations. Under the conditions of chernozem of typical light loamy of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Sumy district), when using no-tillage cultivation in the crop rotation buckwheat - winter wheat - sunflower - spring barley, the weed infestation score in winter wheat crops was determined as average level and high level at sowing time (in average 2020-2022 years): 32 pcs./m² when using a heavy cultivator to a depth of 10 cm-12 cm and 6 cm-8 cm - 58 pcs./m², when using a disc harrow to a depth of 10 cm-12 cm - 44 pcs./m² and 6 cm-8 cm – 50 pcs./m² . Among the weeds, annual monocots and rhizomes predominated. The yield and quality of winter wheat grain, the conditionally net profit from cultivation using organic technology, were the highest when using a heavy cultivator by 10 cm-12 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of fertilizers and preparations based on bacteria while growing agricultural crops has increased significantly in recent years. Growth in demand for biological preparations is predicted due to the global economic crisis and difficulties in purchasing mineral fertilizers. Fertilizers with strains of bacteria and fungi certified by "Organic-standard" are widely available on the market. In the experiment were studied efficiency of processing corn seeds of hybrid Harmonium (FAO Euralis 380) with bio-fertilizers in a form of powder VITAMIN Q7 and as liquids LEANUM. Also, during vegetation period, corn plants were treated with a LEANUM solution of 2 l/ha (per 200 l of water). The experiment was conducted on typical low-humus medium-loam black soil on loess-like loams on the experimental field of Sumy National Agrarian University (northern forest-steppe, Ukraine). It was found that influence of biofertilizers on the elements of corn productivity depends on the weather conditions of the year. In seed treatment liquid fertilizer LEANUM is more effective than powdered analogue VITAMIN Q7. Nourishment on the variants with seed treatment and without increased the weight of 1000 grains and the number of grains per cob. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of fertilizers based on sewage sludge significantly affects the formation of the nitrogen fund of sod-podzolic soil, as well as changes in the content of mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium exchange. The application of such fertilizer under Jerusalem artichoke has a positive effect on the nitrogen content of alkaline hydrolyzed compounds, in particular on increasing the content of mineral and alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen fractions. The application of sewage sludge at a dose of 20-40 t/ha and the appropriate compensatory dose of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N90P90K90 helps to increase the content of ammonium nitrogen compounds from 16 to 20-22 mg/kg of soil in the upper (0-20 cm) layer - 28% prevails over the control variant, as well as the content of nitrate nitrogen compounds in the layer 0-40 cm from 1.70 to 2.52-2.64 mg/kg of soil. The ratio of the content of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen compounds to the nitrogen content of mineral compounds in the experimental conditions changes insignificantly, which indirectly indicates a relatively stable value of this indicator, which changes little under the influence of fertilizers. The application of sewage sludge as a fertilizer significantly affects the change in the content of mobile phosphorus compounds and potassium exchange compounds in the upper (0-40 cm) layer of the soil. However, from a depth of 60 cm, their content decreases sharply and approaches the initial values of the control version. Depending on the application of fertilizers, the indicators of the coefficient of concentration of macronutrients in the soil change significantly, which reflects the ratio of the content of the element in the soil to its content in the control variant. As the rate of sewage sludge increases, the element concentration coefficient increases from 1.27 in the variant with the application of only mineral fertilizers to 2.36 for potassium and for phosphorus - from 1.02 to 1.31. There is a close correlation between the content of phosphorus and potassium in the soil and the coefficients of their concentration. This relationship reflects the multiple coefficient of determination, which for phosphorus and potassium is R2 = 0.69 and R2 = 0.90, respectively. The use of fertilizers in the form of compost with sewage sludge and straw of cereals causes similar trends as the introduction of uncomposted sewage sludge. However, this effect has less radical impact with lower absolute nutrient content compared to the introduction of fresh sewage sludge. The application of sewage sludge in the form of compost and uncomposted form contributes to a significant increase in the content of macronutrients in the soil, providing an improvement in the mineral nutrition of cultivated plants, including Jerusalem artichokes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused on dependence of corn yield on plant density at harvest time and the influence of weather conditions during crop growth period on the parameters of yield--factor response models. It is established that the main parameters of the models are significantly influenced by both moisture supply (precipitation and water productivity in the soil) and hydrothermal conditions (hydrothermal coefficient and moisture coefficient). The 2016-2018 years are characterized by quite close mathematical relationship (R² =0.9672-0.99940) between the corn grain yield and sowing density. It was found the existing dependence of the model parameters on weather conditions and sufficiently high resistance of hybrid DS0493B to external conditions, since the deviation of the values of these conditions has turned out to be much greater than the deviation of the model parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the method of determining the level of intensity of an agricultural crop on the example of sunflower hybrids under the conditions of a particular farm, taking into account the quantitative impact of weather conditions on crop yields. It has been proved that the level of intensity of any new variety or hybrid is of great relevance both for planning the crop cultivation and evaluating the results of production activities. It is understood that the value of this indicator is defined as the ratio between the actual crop yield for three - five years and the standard or calculated one. This statement of the problem assumes that the average value of both weather conditions and crop yields for these years will be close to the average weather conditions in this area. The standard crop yield is calculated and, in general, comprised of yield that may be formed at the expense of natural soil fertility and the direct effect and aftereffect of organic and mineral fertilizers. It has been established that in case of the analysis of agricultural crop yields in the industrial sowing, when the number of years (repetition) is insufficient under one or another condition, it is possible to use a special method of assessing the quantitative impact of weather conditions on crop yields (V.D. Dmytrenko, A.M. Poliovyi). Its essence lies in the fact that any deviation of weather conditions from the optimal values for all growing periods leads to a decrease in the productivity coefficient or the level of impact on crop yields. At the same time, ultimately all the definitions and calculations should be recalculated based on the average data of weather conditions of the area of impact of a particular weather station. From the point of view of environmental constraints, it is necessary to maintain a deficit-free balance of humus and basic fertilizer element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]