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The aboriginal peoples of Malaysia, the orang asli, belong three main groups, namely the Senoi, Negrito and Proto Malays. The Che Wong is a tribe belonging to the Senoi peoples. A large portion of the Che Wong tribe live in Pahang, especially in villages in the areas of Sungai Enggang in Kuala Gandah, Pahang. Based on observation, the Malay language, as a dominant communication language, has influenced the language of the Che Wong tribe. This study focuses on the aspects of the Che Wong language as a medium of communication in Kampung Sungai Enggang, in Kuala Gandah, Pahang. The informants for this study were native speakers of the Che Wong community. The objective of this study was to explain the phonological and lexical aspects of the Che Wong language, using the approach of structural linguistics. The researcher employed a qualitative approach to analyse data obtained through recordings and pronunciation techniques. Transcription was done using symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), with Che Wong vocabulary data based on the Swadesh list and themed word classes. From the analysis, it is found that the Che Wong language has eight vocal phonemes and 20 consonantal phonemes. Based on the themed lexical items, the research also found that there are similarities and differences between the Che Wong and Malay languages. In the themed vocabulary data concerning household items, especially, there are similarities between the Che Wong and Malay languages. However, on the whole, the vocabulary retains much of the Che Wong language. A study of the Che Wong language covering phonological and lexical aspects should be performed to further examine the structure of this language, and to ensure its survival over time.

Bahasa kiasan merupakan satu bentuk bahasa yang diungkapkan bagi mengindahkan sesuatu perkara yang kurang elok atau mempunyai niat yang tidak elok. Pengungkapan bahasa kiasan dalam konflik ini mempunyai pelbagai tujuan, antaranya mengungkapkan ketidakpuasan hati, kekecewaan dan perkelahian. Sehubungan itu, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penggunaan bahasa kiasan dalam plot konflik menggunakan pendekatan pragmatik. Data diperoleh menerusi filem Melayu yang dilakonkan oleh Nordin Ahmad, iaitu Lanchang Kuning, Semerah Padi, Hang Jebat dan Seri Mersing. Hasil kajian mendapati bahasa kiasan banyak diungkapkan dalam plot konflik bagi menyatakan kekecewaan, perkelahian dan ketidakpuasan hati. Kajian ini juga membuktikan bahawa pengungkapan bahasa kiasan dapat difahami oleh komunikator berdasarkan pendekatan teori pragmatik. Kesimpulannya, penelitian terhadap bahasa dalam filem telah dapat menyerlahkan keperibadian, akal budi positif atau negatif dan kekreatifan masyarakat Melayu dalam menyampaikan sesuatu perkara dalam suasana konflik.

Reduplication is a process of multiplying words in which many new words can be generated, and the process has a lexical function that can maintain the class-maintaining or class-changing (word-changing) of a word, as asserted by Asmah (2001: 17-35) that “Reduplication has a lexical function; that is to say it derives new words from the root-forms’’. This study aims to make reduplication of contrasting qualitative descriptive nouns existing in languages other than English and Japanese. The comparisons were carried out between the two languages aiming to examine similarities and differences in function or reduplication of nouns in both Malay and Japanese. The data were taken from the libraries, such as Takayama (2012), Osato (2013), Kobayakawa (2004), Tamura (1991) and Matsumoto (2009) for the Japanese, and Asmah (1975) and Abdullah (1974) for the Malay, and analyzed by comparing elements of similarities and differences existing in both languages. Among the interesting findings is the name word “hito” (person) in Japanese to “hito-bito” (people), showing the change of consonant / h / to / b / in its first syllable, which can be categorized as reduplication with the change of sound. Likewise with Malay, there is a change in the consonant sounds in “lauk pauk”, in which / l / becomes /p/ and in “sayur-mayur” / s / becomes / m / when pluralized.

Legal translation of contract agreements is a challenge to translators as it involves combining the literary translation with the technical terminological precision. In translating legal contract agreements, a legal translator must utilize the lexical or syntactic precision and, more importantly, the pragmatic awareness of the context. This will guarantee an overall communicative process and avoid inconsistency in legal translation. However, the inability of the translator to meet these two functions in translating the contract item not only affects the contractors’ comprehension of the contract item but also affects the parties’ contractual obligations. In light of this, the purpose of this study was to find out how legal collocations used in contract agreements are translated from Arabic into English by student-translators in terms of (1) purely technical, (2) semi-technical, and (3) everyday vocabulary collocations. For the data collection, a multiple-choice collocation test was used to be answered by 35 EFL Iraqi undergraduate translator-students to decide on the aspects of weaknesses and strengths of their translation, thus decide on the aspects of correction. The findings showed that these students had serious problems in translating legal collocations as they lack the linguistic knowledge and pragmatic awareness needed to achieve the legal meaning and effect. They were also unable to make a difference among the three categories of legal collocations, purely technical, semi-technical, and everyday vocabulary collocations. These students should be exposed to more legal translation practices to obtain the required experience needed for their future career.

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka Bahasa Antara yang terhasil melalui perbualan lisan antara penutur Melayu dengan penutur bukan Melayu. Justeru ia dilaksanakan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis proses terbentuknya Bahasa Antara dalam perbualan pelajar Melayu dan bukan Melayu. Kajian ini merupakan kajian lapangan dan data kajian diperoleh menggunakan kaedah pemerhatian di mana data penggunaan Bahasa Antara dirakam menggunakan alat rakaman perbualan. Lokasi kajian adalah di Fakulti Bahasa Moden dan Komunikasi (FBMK), Universiti Putra Malaysia. Seramai 20 orang pelajar iaitu 11 penutur Melayu dan 9 penutur bukan Melayu dipilih sebagai responden menggunakan teknik pensampelan bukan kebarangkalian. Data rakaman ditranskripsikan dan dianalisis berdasarkan proses utama pembentukan BA yang dinyatakan oleh Selinker. Hasil kajian mendapati kelimalima proses Bahasa Antara digunakan penutur Melayu dan penutur bukan Melayu. Selain itu, analisis kajian turut mendapati proses strategi komunikasi amat ketara digunakan untuk mewujudkan Bahasa Antara berbanding prosses pemindahan bahasa, pemindahan latihan, strategi komunikasi, strategi pembelajaran dan generalisasi terlampau. Hal ini turut memperlihatkan penggunaan Bahasa Antara berjalan dengan lancar dan difahami oleh keduadua pihak dalam interaksi dan komunikasi antara mereka

Filem Melayu klasik merupakan khazanah filem negara yang menyimpan pelbagai elemen budaya dan penggunaan bahasa yang indah. Filem ini padat dengan penggunaan ujaran implisit dalam setiap kata, frasa dan ayat yang digunakan. Kajian ini mempunyai dua fokus utama iaitu mengenal pasti ujaran implisit yang terdapat dalam filem Melayu klasik ‘Sri Mersing’ dan menganalisis makna ujaran yang implisit menggunakan teori Relevans. Teori ini mengandungi tiga komponen penting iaitu konteks, kesan konteks dan kos proses. Kajian analisis teks dijalankan dengan menyata dan menghuraikan pengujaran implisit yang telah dikenal pasti serta mendedahkan peranan konteks, kesan konteks dan kos proses dalam merungkai makna ujaran yang implisit dalam filem tersebut. Hasil kajian mendapati lima petikan ujaran dalam filem ‘Sri Mersing’ yang mempunyai makna implisit. Elemen implisit tersebut mendedahkan keperluan memahami ujaran yang disampaikan dengan menggunakan konteks dan kesan konteks. Dapatan kajian memperlihatkan pemahaman masyarakat terhadap penggunaan bahasa Melayu yang kaya dengan ujaran dan makna implisit. Di samping itu, kajian ini juga telah menonjolkan keindahan dan keunikan bahasa yang terdapat dalam filem Melayu tradisional terutamanya sekitar 60-an

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti sikap dan motivasi pelajar asing yang mempelajari bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa ketiga di Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). Seramai 16 orang pelajar telah dipilih sebagai responden kajian untuk memenuhi objektif kajian ini iaitu untuk mengenal pasti sikap pelajar terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Melayu dan juga untuk mengetahui sejauh mana tahap motivasi pelajar terhadap pembelajaran bahasa. Borang soal selidik digunakan sebagai bahan kajian bagi mendapatkan data dan dianalisis berasaskan deskriptif asas dengan melihat kepada peratusan sahaja. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa responden mempunyai sikap yang positif dan motivasi yang tinggi ketika mempelajari bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa ketiga mereka. Dapatan kajian juga mendapati faktor peranan tenaga pengajar juga menjadi motivasi kepada pelajar untuk mempelajari bahasa Melayu. Walau bagaimanapun, dalam kajian ini di dapati faktor persekitaran tidak banyak membantu pembelajaran bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan pelajar asing. Masyarakat tempatan dilihat kurang selesa bertutur dalam bahasa Melayu dengan mereka. Keseluruhannya, pelajar asing mempunyai sikap yang positif dan motivasi yang tinggi untuk mempelajari bahasa Melayu sekiranya mendapat dorongan dan panduan daripada individu berkaitan.

Lexical ambiguity is one of the problems faced by morphological analyser and stemmer. It is caused by ambiguous word form like homonym, which could direct the tools to produce incorrect output. Thus a method that can resolve ambiguity may improve the performance of such tools. Malay word affixation differentiates between monosyllable and multisyllable word. A disambiguation method is proposed for tools that use lexicon for analysis and stemming, by splitting the lexicon into monosyllable and multisyllable words. We found that this feature could help to resolve ambiguity involving monosyllable words, improve language’s exception handling and improve storage lookup.This would be useful for Malay morphological analysis and stemming as this method does not require document-level context analysis of the analysed word.

An effective reading comprehension process demands a strategy to enhance the cognitive ability to digest text information in the effort to elicit meaning contextually. In addition, the role of emotions also influences the efficacy of this process, especially in narrative text comprehension. This quasi-experimental study aims to observe students’ performance in the Reading Comprehension Test resulting from Emotional Literacy-Based Reading Comprehension Strategy (ELBRCS), which is a combination of cognitive and affective strategies. This study involved 90 students, whereby 45 students were clustered in the Experimental Group and received the ELBRCS intervension. The remaining 45 students were placed in the Control Group and underwent the conventional strategy (prevalent classroom method).The students’ reading comprehension performance was measured using the Reading Comprehension Test (RCT). The findings show that the experimental group received a higher score than the control group for RCT. The intervention has successfully increased student’s Reading Comprehension from literal comprehension to higher levels of comprehension i.e. inferential, evaluative and appreciative levels, as indicated by Barret’s Taxonomy.

Reduplication is a process of Malay word formation. Generally it can be divided into full, partial and rhythmic reduplication. Another set is the undefined group which is called free-form reduplication. Lexically, the rhythmic reduplication is systematically formed as some of its processes had been able to be identified. The semantical aspect of reduplication is to create ‘multiplicity’, ‘repetition’, ‘concentration’ and ‘variety’. Of these, the rhythmic reduplication is specialized with the latter. Functionally, rhythmic reduplication tends to diversify a set where others may just perform multiplication. Our analysis shows that rhythmic reduplication does exist with purpose. Its systematic formation and usage shows that Malay language had its own device to classify things which rigorously describe different sets of object or their properties.

This research is to decide the contrastive and difference aspects of syntax between the Malay language as the first language and the Thai language as the foreign language among the students in higher learning at public institutions in Malaysia. Both of these aspects is one of the factors that influenced the process of learning the Thai language among the students. A student is always making errors in oral and writing activities in the Thai language class. Hence, the objectives of this research are to identify the equation and differences in syntax aspect between the Thai and the Malay language, to identify types and the reasons of errors in learning the Thai language between students at the University Putra Malaysia (UPM) and University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), and to submit the proposal, and the learning approaches to increase the control of the Thai language as the foreign language in Malaysia. To reach the objectives of this research, the researcher uses the theory of contrastive and error analysis. The samples of the research consisted of 100 students who have learned the Thai language from level one until level three from two chosen institutions.

This research seeks to find out the differences of events between Malay language SMS and virtual communication from the aspect of ethnography communication. The objectives of the research are to identify the communication component in the language event and the differences of SMS language event and the virtual communication from the aspect of ethnography communication. The methodology in this research involves library research and text analyses. The data were from the Malay language SMS from channel 15 Astro (private tv channel) and the virtual communication in the Portal Pendidikan Utusan. The instruments for analyzing the data are the transcription of Malay language SMS and the virtual communication. The data will be analyzed through analyzing the content of the texts. The theory used for this research is the Ethnography communication theory by Hymes (1972).

The need for learning the Thai language as a foreign language has shown why this learning is important. Some of the important considerations are the challenges of globalisation, the need to facilitate communication with a society that is using the Thai language, to gain knowledge, for personal use, for social, economic, and political use and to deepen knowledge about the structure of the Thai language. Yet from the research that has been conducted, it has been discovered that there were a few problems faced by the students who are learning the Thai language. This paper will identify the learning problems faced by Thai language students at Universiti Putra Malaysia by using the questionnaires and interview methods. Learning problems are surveyed from the phonology, morphology and syntax aspects. Futher, the research will discuss the appropriate approach to be used to increase the learning of Thai language as a foreign language, the teaching tools, language proficiency aspects that need to be controlled and activities that can be done in order to increase the effectiveness of the education in the Thai language.

The word emotion refers to a broad repertoire of perceptions, expressions of feelings and bodily changes. Emotion is a feeling that is private and subjective, a state of psychological arousal an expression or display of distinctive somatic and autonomic responses and actions commonly “deemed”, such as defending or attacking in response to a threat. This paper focuses on selected social stories to be story told to a group of asperger children in Malaysia. Social stories are a tool for teaching social skills to children with autism, asperger syndrome and related disabilities. The selected social stories would be based on Malaysian culture and the children’s emotions and conversation were videotaped and analysed its social meaning by using the content analysis approach. There are six basic emotions grouped in three pairs of opposites; joy and sadness, acceptance and disgust and anger and fear. Four asperger syndrome subjects from a school in Malaysia were chosen for the purpose of this study. Three social stories were read to them repeatedly for two hours a day in three weeks. Subsequently, the children were able to use the social stories in their everyday lives.

This research discusses on the history of virtual language from the aspect of ethnography communication. The objectives of the research are to identify the communication component in virtual events, to apply ethnography communication theory virtually and to elaborate the components of communication in the virtual events. This study involves the library research and analysis of texts. It focuses on the Malay virtual events in the Portal Pendidikan Utusan. The instrument to analyse the data is the transcription of the virtual Malay language. The data will analyze the content of the text. This research will be using the ethnography communication theory by Hymes (1972).

This study investigates to what extent a group of students’ involvement in creating and designing storyboard tasks affects their motivation towards learning English. The study applies the qualitative approach. 20 subjects of ages between 18-20 year old were picked at random from two classes of BBM 3410 (Malay Language and Multimedia). They were interviewed by referring the motivation inventories to complete before and after an intervention project which involves creating and designing storyboard tasks. The experimental group participated in sixteen sessions of storyboard writing over fourteen weeks. This research also focuses on the processes the experimental group were engaged in creating and designing learning materials using a storyboard computer programme. This part investigates the content of discussion which occurred while they were storyboarding. Transcriptions of their video-recorded interactions, as well as diaries and motivation graphs completed by the subjects were analysed and coded accordingly. Findings of the study suggest that the storyboard writing project enhanced their motivation and perceived as a valuable learning method.

The role of a language is as the tools of relationship in a society. The Malaysian societies use a lot of ways to send messages, educate, give advice, keep order and and serve many more purposes. This literary form uses comparison and idiom to achieve these ends. Every quatrain expression uses interesting and beautiful words. The aspect of the language is important while the aspect of the sound is giving aesthetics expression to the creator of the Malay quatrain. The aspect of the sound is preferred as syllables especially at the final syllables for every line. This matter is not only medium or ways of the societies is expressed, also the Malays who strongly value decency, politeness, and many more virtues. Malay quatrains state the power of high thinking and meaning and also the civilization of the Malay race. In fact since the past years, quatrain is used extensively in some social and legislative councils, trading and also in the constitutional field. Hence, this paper will discuss the role and the types of the Malay quatrain that was used to deliver the thinking and civilization. Among the classical text are the Sejarah Melayu, The Tale of Hang Tuah (Hikayat Hang Tuah) , The Tale of Abdullah (Hikayat Abdullah), and The Chronicles of the Malay (Misa Melayu). The research data will be analyzed by using the sociolinguistics and pragmatic apgroaches. Besides that, this paper is also going to focus on the value of patriotism and humanity in the Malay quatrain.

English has a difficult role to play since it is the second language for most Malaysian and in the Malaysian Education system for the special needs as there is no special syllabus for the autistic children. Children with autism are expected to learn the same thing with the rest of the children in the normal school. Autistic children have difficulty to concentrate and therefore the same learning syllabus with the normal children will make them difficult in acquiring the language in a short time. Even though, the normal children will have the difficulty of learning the language but they have a lot of time to learn at home or with their friends around them. In other way, the autistic children will have to learn more than the normal children. Autism is a complex developmental disorder that appears in the first 3 years of life, though it is some times diagnosed much later. It affects the brain’s normal development of social and communication skills. Autism is a spectrum that encompasses a wide continuum of behavior (Bailey, D. B., Jr., D. D. Hatton, et al., 2001). Core features include impaired social interactions, impaired verbal and nonverbal communication and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. This paper focuses on Asperger syndrome which is also considered as autistic spectrum. This paper investigates Asperger children’s motivation level when using digital pictures in creating a short story in the task based English language classroom and investigate the language use in the short story created by asperger children when using digital camera in the task based English language classroom. It is hoped that digital pictures able to enhance storytelling amongst the special needs children.

This research investigates the interaction pattern amongst special needs children while learning the second language. These children have asperger syndrome or asperger’s disorder which is a neurobiological disorder that described a pattern of behaviors in young boys or girls who had normal intelligence and language development, but who also exhibited autistic-like behaviors and marked deficiencies in social and communication skills (Kirby, 2005). Children with asperger syndrome can exhibit a variety of characteristics and the disorder can range from mild to severe. Children with asperger syndrome show marked deficiencies in social skills have difficulties with transitions or changes and prefer sameness. Therefore, this paper focuses on the nature, number and balance of interactions of ten subjects with asperger syndrome and further investigates the interaction pattern and reactions which occurred while using the Imaginative Learning Approach (IMA) (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2006) in learning the second language. IMA is an activity where the subjects were given a scenario, for e.g. a hospital. A corner will be set up like a hospital and the subjects were given three times a week to play with their peers at the corner. The nature, number and balance of interactions were video-taped to find out the interaction pattern. The subjects consist of five males and five females (7 to 15 years old) with asperger syndrome from schools in Selangor, Malaysia. The introduction of IMA to the subjects managed to enhance the learning of the second language. It is found that asperger learners, able to concentrate and interact with their peers in IMA.

Language and culture conflict exists when the rise of the opposition in comprehension of language and culture between two community groups. The conflict in language and culture that undergo by the people in Malaysia with relation to the contemporary lifestyle and also the living environment and culture. With this matter, each civilised society has and complies to the rules inhering their language and culture. Culture includes arts, belief, custom, institution, creation, language, technology and value. The need of language and culture was to ascertain society in order to behave according to what the community wants and follow the language and culture patterns which has been prescribed. With the understanding of the language and culture in a community, conflict could be avoided. Hence, this paper will discuss the language and culture conflict among the Malaysians. Second, to describe the language and culture aspects that can be obtained from the conflict raised among the Malaysian community. The study sample comprises of 30 pupils studying in primary school from rural and urban area. Data were gathered using recording, interviewing, and distributing questionnaire. Data will be analysed by using socio-pragmatic approach. The outcome of the research also indicated that aspects of context and cognition have also played an important role in Malaysian’s communication. Some youngsters provide the information that is inherent in their cognition to the relevant context. The contexts inherent functioned to provide meanings to the utterances concerned.

In the developed world today technology plays an important role in helping people to live longer and lead better lives. The elderly who shy away from technology can expose themselves to the risks of becoming isolated and under stimulated. Most of the elderly population do not have a high degree of computer literacy, and are not so familiar with using computers. Hence, to enhance the quality of their lives, it is pertinent that our present ICT is designed to meet the needs of this population. With the emergence of ICT in Malaysia, the country is improving rapidly. Malaysia which was once mainly dependent on agriculture has moved its focus to manufacturing and information services. This has given employment opportunities to many Malaysians, and increased not only the diversity of the work force, but also the quality of their life. This does not mean, however, that the country has ignored the agriculture sector. Rather, with ICT, we are able to grow better crops and produce greater yields. As weather changes are monitored, damages due to rains and floods are minimized. Although ICT has also brought some new problems, overall, it has increased the quality of Malaysian’s lives. Here, the elderly will not be neglected and hence we do hope that ICT would continue to bring greater benefits to the Malaysians, in the future.

Over the past decades, Malaysia has seen a tremendous social and economic development. One of the developments is through the process of urbanization. With the implementation of the Malaysian New Economic Policy (NEP) from 1970 onwards, which specifically encouraged the involvement of the Bumiputeras, who are largely rural based, in the industrial and commercial sector of the economy, has a profound effect of the rate of urbanization in Malaysia. Rural areas are being developed and transformed to a new urban area. This process of transformation has an effect on the social interaction on the community in the area particularly the women. The aim of this paper is to examine the pattern of social interaction particularly on the Malay women’s communication in Malaysia, due to the process of development and urbanization in their area. Further, it is also intended to look at the women’s view on the meaning of urbanization, its implication towards their pattern of communication and their experience of having the telephone at home. This research employs a qualitative method by using an in-depth interview of fifteen Malay women, who live in the area that has undergone and experienced the process of urbanization. The selection of the informant was through snowballing. The research revealed that due to the rapid development, there is a changing pattern in the women’s social interaction particularly their communication. This communication changing pattern has led the women to change their way of communication that is by using Information Communication Technology (ICT) particularly the telephone to replace their daily face-to-face communication. The research also revealed the women’s story of their first experience of having the telephone at home and how they communicate with others. The research conclude that the meaning of urbanization to the women is apart from enables them to communicate easily via new technology, it is also seen as trying to separate the women among themselves physically, living them to communicate in isolation.

Language development among pre-school children will take place in all aspects of the language especially pragmatics, for instance, the ability to tell stories and semantics, understand the meaning of the language widely including the abstract forms. Their vocabulary will be widened which enable them to construct long and complex sentences and building up words using correct affixes. Language development at pre-school age is more creative, whereby the language creativity is enhanced by the surroundings, experiences, the metaphor that was developed through film and many other language activities. They use their developed language creativity when they communicate with friends and people in their society. Among the pragmatic competence that they have developed are pronoun, similes and metaphor language. Therefore, in this study, focus will be on the language usage in children’s speech. The aspect of the language usage will converge on the use of symbol language used by the children to convey message, depict mind and emotion. In this study, the samples of the study are 25 Malay pre-school children. The method of the study is observation. The language data were recorded during their morning dialogue session, story telling, games and their morning tour around the kindergarten. The collected data was analyzed using the pragmatic theory, the theory of Relevance.

Negotiation is something that we do all the time. Negotiation is usually considered as a compromise to settle an argument or issue to benefit ourselves as much as possible. Communication is always the link that will be used to negotiate the problem whether it is face-to-face, on the telephone or in writing. Negotiation is not always between two people, it can involve several members from two parties. Children will negotiate among themselves everyday. They will negotiate when they faced with conflict. There are ways in helping children resolve conflict in communication and therefore negotiation plays an important role. The objectives of this paper are to identify the conflict pattern in communication and the use of negotiation skills in resolving conflict in communication among primary school children. A class of 20 subjects from a school in Selangor, Malaysia was chosen to find out the conflict pattern in communication via negotiation skills. The research was carried out for 3 months with the help of the class teacher. It is found that children are able to resolve conflict in communication by the use of negotiation skills.

Conversational styles provide a more meaningful feedback when the system needs to know not only the topic of the conversation, but also have an idea of the emotional content of the conversation and the conversational style of the interaction. Positive and negative attitudes can be detected based on the word choice of the speaker. This study is to find out how the differences in communication styles often lead to positive impact towards learning. This also includes the consequences of the communication including slower progression in language development. This study investigates whether the gender schemas have strong effects when men are minority at a university. This study consisted of 20 male and female students who were picked at random and a lecturer volunteered from Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). The students’ conversation with the lecturers were taped and analyzed accordingly. It is found that good conversational styles often lead to positive impact towards learning. 12 students had good conversational styles and therefore lead to faster progression in language development. These students are female. 8 students failed to understand the importance of good conversational styles and therefore had slower progression in language development. The students were not exposed to the positive style of conversation. The students were taught the right way of communicating with the lecturers. This was done by the researcher. It is hoped that the students at UPM able to learn the right way of communicating with the lecturers at UPM.

Culture is an essential part of conflict and conflict resolution. Culture is in our lives and relationships, giving us messages that shape our perceptions, attributions, judgments, and ideas of self and others. Though cultures are powerful, they are often unconscious, influencing conflict and attempts to resolve conflict in imperceptible ways. Two things that are essential to remember about culture: they are always changing, and they relate to the symbolic dimension of life. The symbolic dimension is the place where we are constantly making meaning and enacting our identities. Cultural messages from the groups we belong in giving us information about what is meaningful or important, and who we are in the world and in relation to others. Therefore, this paper will discuss the culture conflict undergo by children in Malaysia arise from different cultural groups i.e ethnicity, from generation, socioeconomic class, sexual orientation, ability and disability, and religious affiliation, language, and gender. The study sample comprises from 30 primary school students from three locations; urban, city and rural areas in Malaysia. Data were gathered using recording, interview, and questionnaire. Data will be analysed by using socio-pragmatic approach. The outcome of the research also indicated that aspects of context and cognition have also played an important role to overcome the cultural conflicts among Malaysian children.

This paper investigates the learning styles amongst the social science students when designing a blog. A blog or a weblog is a website where entries are written in chronological order and commonly displayed in reverse chronological order. A typical blog combines text, images, and links to other blogs, web pages, and other media related to its topic. The subjects in this study consist of 6 students from Kuala Lumpur Infrastructure University, Malaysia (KLIUC). There were three international students from China and three local students from Malaysia. The students were not exposed to designing blog as they were from Bachelor of English for Professional Communication program. One of the courses in the program is the Language and Computer and they were to design their own blog in six weeks. The program that they used was the Microsoft Front Page. It is found that all the subjects have tactile and kinesthetic learning styles. Three subjects preferred to include graphics and music and therefore they preferred the visual and audio learning styles. Reid’s (1987) learning style preference was used for the purpose of this study.

Names are categorized as proper nouns. Identifying nouns in unstructured text is very challenging since the number is almost unlimited. Name recognition can be used for part-of-speech (POS) tagging or automatic term acquisition in natural language processing (NLP). In this paper we proposed a general approach to recognize names in Malay text. Using the proposed approach, we implement an application of free indexing for indexing names from a collection of Malay texts. Our evaluation shows that the application reach 92% precision score, 54% recall score, and F-score 68% in indexing names from news' articles.

Malay is categorized as an Austronesian language, a group which also contains Bahasa Indonesia and Tagalog. Quite number of morphological analyzers has been developed for Malay, including based on two-level formalism, stemming/conflation model, or even specific model. The obvious weaknesses are incompleteness and incapability of handling ambiguity which affect the accuracy of analysis. So we introduced a new technique called S-A-P-I to handle them in our analyzer — MALIM. In this paper we describe about MALIM and the empirical study to its usage. Our results proved that by using our technique increase the accuracy of morphological analysis up to 98.99% which covers 99.99% of sample data. Thus we believe this approach is the most suitable in handling morphological analysis for Malay.