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>Background: HIV infection is a risk factor for cervical cancer and both diseases are prevalent in Nigeria. HIV positive women are at greater risk of cervical dysplasia than HIV negative women which may be as a result of immunosupression, hence adding more burdens to their already worsening health condition. It has become relevant to screen these women early and refer for appropriate and effective therapeutic intervention.Objective: To compare the incidence and risk factors of cervical dysplasia among HIV positive and HIV negative women at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano.Methods: This was a comparative cross sectional studyl, which involved HIV positive women attending HIV clinic and HIV negative women attending the gynecological clinic at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. A cohort of 150 consenting HIV- positive women not on HAART and 150 HIV- negative women, selected by systematic random sampling were sent for Pap smear examination. On the same day blood samples were taken from antecubital vein and sent for both CD4 count and viral load among the HIV positive group. A pretested questionnaire was administered to the women of both groups on same day to determine the presence or absence of risk factors of cervical dysplasia in them. The results obtained were recorded using proforma and analyses of risk factors of cervical dysplasia was done using Chi square test and Fisher exact test to compare variables between those with normal and abnormal smears and student t test to determine the relationship of lesions with CD4count and viral load among the HIV positive women.Results: The incidence of cervical dysplasia among HIV- positive women was 49 (32.7%) and was significantly higher than 12(8%) found among the HIV- negative. Age ≥ 35years and parity ≥5, early coitarche, multiple sexual partners, low-socioeconomic status, cigarette smoking did confer some risk of dysplasia however. This study also showed that among the HIV positive group, CD4 count was inversely associated with risk of cervical dysplasia and women with a CD4 count 500 cells/mm3.Conclusion: It Ais important to carryout cervical smear screening for HIV-positive women, especially those with a CD4 count

Introduction measles is a vaccine preventable, highly transmissible viral infection that affects mostly children under five years. We reviewed surveillance data on measles from Nigeria over a five-year period to highlights its burden and make recommendations for improvements. Methods we conducted a secondary data analysis of measles specific Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) records of all states in Nigeria over a five-year period. Results a total of 131,732 cases were recorded between January 2012 and September 2016. Most cases 57,892 (43.95%) were recorded in 2013 while the least 11,061 (8.4%) were recorded in 2012. A total of 817 deaths were recorded, with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 0.62%. The highest CFR (1.43%) was recorded in 2012 while the least CFR (0.44%) was recorded in 2016. Only 8,916 (6.7%) cases were confirmed by laboratory tests. The trend of measles cases followed the same pattern throughout the years under review, with cases peaking at March, then gradually reducing to lowest level at June, which was maintained throughout the rest of the year. States in northern region of Nigeria recorded the highest attack rate (Yobe: 480.29 cases per 100,000 population, Sokoto: 284.63 cases per 100,000 population and Katsina: 246.07 cases per 100,000 population) compared to States in the southern region (Rivers: 11.72 cases per 100,000 population and Akwa Ibom: 13.59 cases per 100,000 population). Conversely, States in the southern region recorded the highest CFR (Ebonyi: 13.43% and Rivers: 3.27%). Conclusion measles infection remains a burden especially in the northern region of Nigeria. Although measles fatalities declined over the years, laboratory confirmation was sub-optimal. We recommended improvement on routine immunization and strengthening of regional laboratories diagnostic capacities, for successful eradication of measles from Nigeria.