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Background: Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. This study aimed to examine the association between frailty index and mortality in elderly residents of nursing homes in Iran. Methods: This historical cohort study used data extracted from the Sina Electronic Health Record System (SinaEHR®, Iran) and the national cause of death registry in Iran. The study population included 9199 adults aged ≥60 assessed for frailty in nursing homes across Iran from April 2021 to June 2022. They were followed up until August 2022. Frailty was defined as a score >3 on Fried’s 5-item index. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality-related factors. The chi-square test compared mortality across groups. Data were analyzed using Stata software, version 11 with P

Abstract Introduction Occupation plays an important role in the spread of infectious diseases in humans. Toxoplasmosis and hydatidosis are world-wide diseases with different routes of transmission. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and hydatidosis and risk factors associated with these diseases among the butchers of Tabriz City, the northwest of Iran. Methods In this case-control study conducted in Tabriz city in 2023, 250 serum samples were collected from butchers (n = 125) and outpatients referred to Imam Reza Hospital (n = 125) and. The ELISA test was used to identify IgG and IgM antibodies against toxoplasmosis and IgG antibodies against hydatidosis. The results were analyzed by statistics tests using SPSS v. 16 software. Risk factors’ association was tested using Chi square or logistic regression analysis. Results The results indicated that 66/125 (52.8%) cases and 40/125 controls (32%) were positive for toxoplasmosis IgG antibody. Also, 5/125 (4%) and 1/125 (0.8%) were positive for toxoplasmosis IgM antibody in the case and control groups, respectively. In addition, 10/125 people (8%) were positive for anti-hydatidosis IgG antibody in the case group, while no positive cases were found in the control group. The main risk factors for toxoplasmosis were age (OR: 1.014), education level (OR: 0.638), and work experience(OR: 1.695), these factors for hydatidosis included age and education level (OR: 1.765 and 0.271) respectivily. Conclusions Our results suggest the high prevalence of toxoplasmosis and in butchers of Tabriz, which required special attention and basic measures. Moreover, the prevalence of hydatidosis IgG antibodies also requires more attention to be focused on breaking the transmission and reducing the infection.

Abstract The intersection of nanotechnology and pharmacology has revolutionized the delivery and efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, notably docetaxel, a key drug in cancer treatment. Traditionally limited by poor solubility and significant side effects, docetaxel’s therapeutic potential has been significantly enhanced through its incorporation into nanoplatforms, such as nanofibers and nanoparticles. This advancement offers targeted delivery, controlled release, and improved bioavailability, dramatically reducing systemic toxicity and enhancing patient outcomes. Nanofibers provide a versatile scaffold for the controlled release of docetaxel, utilizing techniques like electrospinning to tailor drug release profiles. Nanoparticles, on the other hand, enable precise drug delivery to tumor cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissues through sophisticated encapsulation methods such as nanoprecipitation and emulsion. These nanotechnologies not only improve the pharmacokinetic properties of docetaxel but also open new avenues in regenerative medicine by facilitating targeted therapy and cellular regeneration. This narrative review highlights the transformative impact of docetaxel-loaded nanoplatforms in oncology and beyond, showcasing the potential of nanotechnology to overcome the limitations of traditional chemotherapy and pave the way for future innovations in drug delivery and regenerative therapies. Through these advancements, nanotechnology promises a new era of precision medicine, enhancing the efficacy of cancer treatments while minimizing adverse effects. Graphical Abstract

Porcelain laminate veneers (PLV) offer a conservative aesthetic solution for interdental space closure. However, space is typically not distributed symmetrically, and the mesiodistal width of the restored teeth may increase unless multiple teeth are prepared for conventional PLV to maintain appropriate individual tooth proportion. Ceramic fragments can be suggested to close the space without modifying tooth size and dental proportion. This article presents two cases where interdental gaps were closed using lingually placed porcelain laminate (LPPL). All stages of the restorative procedures, including treatment planning, temporization, tooth preparation, and cementation of these delicate restorations, are detailed. Based on the results of these clinical reports, we regard the use of LPPL as a successful treatment option in selected cases, as evidenced by 2- and 6-year follow-ups. The Modified United State Public Health Criteria is reported.

Abstract In recent decades, emerging data have highlighted the critical role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially (exosomes) Exos, in the progression and development of several cancer types. These nano-sized vesicles are released by different cell lineages within the cancer niche and maintain a suitable platform for the interchange of various signaling molecules in a paracrine manner. Based on several studies, Exos can transfer oncogenic factors to other cells, and alter the activity of immune cells, and tumor microenvironment, leading to the expansion of tumor cells and metastasis to the remote sites. It has been indicated that the cell-to-cell crosstalk is so complicated and a wide array of factors are involved in this process. How and by which mechanisms Exos can regulate the behavior of tumor cells and non-cancer cells is at the center of debate. Here, we scrutinize the molecular mechanisms involved in the oncogenic behavior of Exos released by different cell lineages of tumor parenchyma. Besides, tumoricidal properties of Exos from various stem cell (SC) types are discussed in detail.

Abstract Background One of the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is the inter-arm blood pressure difference (IAD), which can be easily measured. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors related to the Iranian population’s inter-arm differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted on the baseline data of participants who had Iranian nationality, were at least 1 year of residence in the area, aged within the age range of 35–70 years, and willed to participate from the Fasa Persian Adult Cohort Study (FACS). IAD for systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured and categorized into two groups of difference

Introduction: Serum vitamin D levels are related to a wide spectrum of factors including low sunlight exposure, high oxidative stress, low physical activity and sleep disorders. In this paper we are going to investigate the most crucial parameters associated with serum vitamin D levels in survey of ultraviolet intake by nutritional approach (SUVINA) study with a data mining approach.Material and Methods: Data including demographic, anthropometric, clinical and laboratory information were extracted from the SUVINA dataset comprising 289 subjects who were enrolled into our study. The XGBoost algorithm was used to define the most important features related to vitamin D level in our population.Results: Applying XGBoost modeling for vitamin D level showed that the presented scheme can determine the most important determinants of serum vitamin D level with an accuracy of 91%. Pro-oxidant anti-oxidant balance (PAB), body fat percentage, physical activity level (PAL), age, restless leg syndrome (RLS), and dietary inflammatory index (DII) density were the most important variables correlated with vitamin D deficiency.Conclusion: Using XGBoost and with an accuracy of more than 90%, we showed that the six most important risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are PAB, PAL, age, body fat percentage, RLS and DII density, respectively.

Abstract Background The triglyceride glucose (TyG) and triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-c) are the indices that can predict the progression of pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to examine the relationship between TyG and TG/HDL-c indices with the incidence of T2DM in pre-diabetes patients. Methods A total of 758 pre-diabetic patients aged 35–70 years who were enrolled in a prospective Fasa Persian Adult Cohort were followed up for 60 months. TyG and TG/HDL-C indices were obtained at baseline data and divided into quartiles. The 5-year cumulative incidence of T2DM was analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis while controlling for baseline covariates. Results During 5 years of follow-up, there were 95 incident cases of T2DM, with an overall incidence rate of 12.53%. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking, marital status, socioeconomic status, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, hypertension, total cholesterol, and dyslipidemia, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) demonstrated that patients with the highest TyG and TG/HDL-C indices quartile were at higher risk of T2DM (HR = 4.42, 95%CI 1.75–11.21) and (HR = 2.15, 95%CI 1.04–4.47), respectively, compared to participants in the lowest quartile. As the quantiles of these indices increase, the HR value shows a significant increment (P

زمینه و اهداف: محصولات تولید شده توسط زنبورها که در طب جایگزین مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند عبارتند از عسل، موم، گرده زنبور، بره موم و ژل رویال. ژل رویال یک ترشح طبیعی زنبور عسل است که توسط غدد سفالیک زنبورهای پرستار تولید می‌شود و به دلیل خواص قوی و اثرات شفابخش آن از زمان‌های قدیم تا به امروز مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. مطالعات زیادی بر روی سلول‌ها‌، حیوانات آزمایشگاهی و انسان به منظور بررسی خواص بالقوه ژل رویال در ارتباط با سلامتی و بهداشت انجام شده است. با این حال، تعداد آزمایشات بالینی بسیار کمتر می‌باشند و همچنین در مورد روش‌های نگهداری آن تحقیقات کمی وجود دارد. مواد و روش‌ها: در مطالعه حاضر، هدف این مطالعه مروری بر یافته‌ها و تحقیقات علمی است که بسیاری از عملکردها، اثرات و برخی موارد استفاده از ژل رویال را اثابت کرده‌اند. به همین منظور، جستجو در پایگاه‌های اطلاعات الکترونیکی شامل Web of Science، Scopus، Pubmed، Scholar، Cochrane، Proquest، SID و Magiran انجام گرفت. ملاحظات اخلاقی در طول نگارش مطالعه رعایت شد. یافته‌ها: در تعداد متعددی ازاین مطالعات به خواص و اثرات بیولوژیکی ژل رویال از جمله خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی، نوروتروفیک، هیپوگلیسمی، هیپوکلسترول و محافظت کبد، کاهش فشار خون و تنظیم فشار خون، ضد تومور‌بودن، خواص آنتی‌بیوتیکی، ضد التهابی، تعدیل‌کننده ایمنی و ضد حساسیت، مقوی عمومی و ضد پیری اشاره شده بود. نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه مروری، مشخص شد که ژل رویال در ارتقاء بهداشت عمومی و سلامت باروری موثر است، هر چند در آینده مطالعات بالینی بیشتری مورد نیاز است.

Abstract The inter-arm blood pressure difference has been advocated to be associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Our study aimed to investigate the association between Inter-arm systolic and diastolic blood pressure differences and Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD). A total of 10,126 participants aged 35–70 years old were enrolled in a prospective Fasa Persian Adult Cohort. In this cross-sectional study, the cutoff values for inter-arm blood pressure difference were less than 5, greater than 5, greater than 10, and greater than 15 mm Hg. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Based on the results the prevalence of ≥ 15 mmHg inter-arm systolic and diastole blood pressure difference (inter-arm SBPD and inter-arm DBPD) were 8.08% and 2.61%. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that inter-arm SBPD ≥ 15 and (OR

Abstract A novel hybrid magnetic ionic-liquid as a heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized by hybridization of imidazolium based-ionic liquid onto the nitrogen rich magnetic nanocomposite. The resulting catalyst (n-Fe3O4@SiO2-TA-SO3H IL) has two advantages besides recyclability: (i) high capacity of functional-SO3H group with imidazolium-IL cation for promoting symmetric and asymmetric Hantzsch reaction and (ii) easy recovery. Caused by the polymeric and magnetic nature of the n-Fe3O4@SiO2-TA-SO3H IL, large quantities of acidic groups were bound to the n-Fe3O4@SiO2-TA surface, which reduced the catalyst mass applied to the catalytic reaction. Moreover, superior catalytic performance and outstanding recyclability of n-Fe3O4@SiO2-TA-SO3H IL in mild condition make this method a green pathway for manufacture of satisfactory chemicals.

Abstract Introduction Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) encompass a range of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect the patient's communication and behavior. There are some reports about the increasing prevalence of ASD in recent decades, mostly due to the improvement in diagnosis and screening status. Few studies suggested a lower prevalence of ASD in North Africa and Middle East compared to more developed regions. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive outlook of ASD in the region. Methods We used Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data from 1990 to 2019 in North Africa and Middle East, which is one of the seven super regions of the GBD categorization. In this study, we reported the epidemiologic indices, including prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for ASD in the 21 countries of the super region. We also compared these indices between the countries based on their sociodemographic index (SDI) which was calculated according to income per capita, mean education, and fertility rate. Results Age‐standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of ASD in the region is 304.4 (95% uncertainty interval 251.2–366.1) per 100,000 in 2019 with less than one percentage change since 1990. Age‐standardized YLDs and incidence rates were 46.4 (30.4–67.5) and 7.7 (6.3–9.3) per 100,000 in 2019. The ASPR was 2.9 times greater in males compared to females in 2019. The highest age‐standardized prevalence, incidence, and YLD rates among the countries were seen in Iran in 2019 (370.3, 9.3, and 56.4 per 100,000, respectively). High SDI countries had higher age‐standardized YLDs rates compared to the other countries of the region. Conclusion In conclusion, the trends of age‐standardized epidemiologic indices remained approximately steady through the years 1990–2019 in the region. Though, there was a wide discrepancy between the countries of the region. The difference of YLDs among the countries of this region is related to the SDI of the countries. Monetary and public awareness status are the SDI factors that may affect the quality of life of ASD patients in the region. This study provides valuable information for governments and health systems to implement policies for maintaining the improving trend, achieving more timely diagnosis, and bettering the supportive actions in this region.

Determination of an appropriate location for monitoring soil water content (SWC) is a key factor in efficient use of water in precision agriculture, however, the main challenge is the dynamic movement of water and root development in the soil profile. The objective of this study was investigating how SWC distribution in a loam soil profile at two growth stages of maize may impact the suitable location for SWC monitoring in a drip-tape irrigation system. A new concept, Average Moisture Representative Surface (AMRS) was proposed to determine the surface of the soil profile, which represent the average soil moisture of the wetted volume. SWC samples were taken during two irrigation intervals (48~52 days after planting (DAP) and 68~73 DAP) and root growth pattern was studied through root length density (RLD) at 50 and 100 DAP. The results revealed that a non-uniform wetting pattern after irrigation limits the appropriate locations for SWC monitoring to point measurements and with time, SWC depletion resulted in enlarging AMRS. At the end of growing season, an increase of root growth around the drippers increased the variation of root water uptake in different soil layers, and thus optimal place for soil sensors was limited to the upper layers, where the maximum root water uptake occurred. Overall, it is recommended to install soil sensors, such as tensiometers and TDRs at a horizontal distance of 5~20 cm from the crop and a depth of 10~20 cm from the soil surface while drip-tape is aligned close to the maize row.

Background: Despite the considerable advances in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) treatment and management, finding the cure for this disease has been hindered by emerging challenges such as virus resistance and treatment failures. The purpose of this study is to compare the cytokine profiles of patients with successful treatment and patients with unsuccessful treatment to gain a better understanding of treatment failure mechanisms. Methods: Sixty-nine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients who were referred to the west health center of Tehran between September 2018 and March 2021 were included in this study. Blood CD4+ cell count and viral load was measured using the flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methods respectively. Based on the viral load test results patients were divided into successful treatment (viral load200 copies/ml, n=33) groups. Subsequently, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) serum levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: Analysis of data revealed that there was no difference in demographic data, medical history and clinical laboratory test results between the study groups. Elisa test results showed that serum TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the unsuccessful treatment group compared to the successful treatment group (10.43±10.17 vs 5.37±5.25, P=0.01) but no differences were observed in IL-10 levels between the study groups. Furthermore, age and sex-adjusted linear regression models showed that non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)-based treatment regimen is positively associated with serum IL-10 levels in patients with unsuccessful treatment (B coefficient 10.88 (95% CI: 1.32-20.45), P=0.03). Moreover, based on the results of the linear regression models, no relationship between HIV viral load and serum IL-10 and TNF-α level was observed. Conclusion: Results of this study showcased the importance of TNF-α in disease progression and treatment failure. Further future studies regarding this relationship can provide vital information in AIDS treatment research.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of self-esteem, five personality factors and age in the prediction of Nomophobia among students in Bandar Abbas city. In so doing, a correlational design was used. The statistical population consisted of all male and female students of Bandar Abbas universities in the academic year 2018. For this purpose, 378 students (250 females and 128 males) were selected from Bandar Abbas universities by stratified random sampling. The participants completed the questionnaire of Azadmanesh et al.’s Nomophobia Questionnaire, Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire, Short Version (BFI 10) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The results showed that self-esteem with beta coefficient of 0.16, conscientiousness with beta coefficient of 0.18, and age with beta coefficient of 0.21 could negatively and significantly predict the students' nomophobia. The neuroticism with beta coefficient of 0.16 positively and significantly predicted the students' nomophobia. Also, the results indicated that 19% of students’ nomophobia variance was explained by predictor variables.

Abstract Backgrounds Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the first leading cause of death worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between demographics, anthropometrics, sleep duration, physical activity, and ECG parameters in the Fasa Persian cohort study. Methods In this cross-sectional study, the basic information of 10,000 participants aged 35–70 years in the Fasa cohort study was used. The data used in this study included demographic data, main Electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters, anthropometric data, sleep duration, and physical activity. Data analysis was performed using t-test, chi-square, and linear regression model. Results Based on multivariate linear regression analysis results, increased age was significantly associated with all study parameters. Nevertheless, gender and body mass index showed no significant relationship with SV3 and PR. Wrist circumference, hip circumference and waist circumference significantly increased the mean values of the ECG parameters. However, sleep duration was not significantly associated with the ECG parameters. In addition, hypertension was major comorbidity, which was shown to increase the mean values of the ECG parameters. Conclusion Several factors affected the ECG parameters. Thus, to interpret ECGs, in addition to age and gender, anthropometric indices, physical activity, and previous history of comorbidities, such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease, should be taken into consideration.

Abstract In this article, palladated-magnetic nitrogen doped porous carbon was prepared from nano magnetic γ-Fe2O3 hollow sphere (h-Fe2O3) with high specific surface area and pore volume. To the purpose, initially h-Fe2O3 was prepared and covered with glucose via hydrothermal treatment with subsequent polymerization of organic shell. The polymerization of melamine-resorcinol–formaldehyde (MRF) was achieved in the presence of Cl-functionalized glucose coated h-Fe2O3 (h-Fe2O3@glu-MRF). Next, the prepared magnetic core–shell hollow sphere was palladated followed by carbonization to yield Pd@h-Fe2O3@C introducing more pores in its structure. The resulted compound, Pd@h-Fe2O3@C, was fully characterized, showing that carbonization process expressively increased the specific surface area. The resulted Pd@h-Fe2O3@C was successfully used for promoting C–C coupling reactions under mild reaction conditions as a heterogeneous catalyst and its activity was compared with some prepared control catalysts. This novel catalyst was magnetically separated simply by a magnet bar and recycled and reused at least in five consecutive runs, without considerable loss of its activity. It is note mentioning that, high recyclability with low Pd leaching are another gains of this protocol.

Abstract Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a lipid storage disorder that causes neurological, ophthalmic, vascular, and musculoskeletal disorders due to the deposition of cholesterol in the tissues. Hence, we report clinical and imaging of a 31‐year‐old mentally retarded man with cerebellar ataxia, bilateral swelling of the posterior aspect of Achill, and infertility.

Background and Objective: Oral candidiasis is often caused by Candida albicans, followed by C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata. The present study aimed to investigate the antifungal effects of Rosa damascena (R. damascena) essential oil, mixed mouthwash of R. damascena essential oil and grape vinegar, as well as nystatin against various standard Candida species. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 5 standard strains of various Candida species. The anti-Candida effects of R. damascena and mixed mouthwash against various Candida strains were assessed using well diffusion and broth macrodilution methods. Nystatin was utilized as a positive control drug. Results: The results of the well diffusion assay of R. damascena essential oil and mixed mouthwash were 17 and 6 mm regarding C. albicans strains, respectively, and 15 mm and 0 regarding other Candida strains, respectively. With respect to the results obtained from broth macrodilution test, the minimum inhibitory concentration of R. damascena essential oil and mixed mouthwash were found to be 8 and 6 µg/ml, 124 and 12 µg/ml, 31 and 12 µg/ml, as well as 62 and 25 µg/ml for C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata , and C. parapsilosis, respectively. Moreover, C. albicans was the most sensitive Candida species to R. damascena essential oil and the mixed mouthwash. Conclusion: The results showed that R. damascena essential oil and mixed mouthwash remarkably led to the inhibition of Candida species growth causing oral candidiasis.

Background and Aim: Bonding of zirconia to resin cement is challenging, and the zirconia surface requires surface treatment to yield an acceptable bond strength. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the bond strength of zirconia to a resin cement. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro experimental study, 60 zirconia discs measuring 12 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness were randomly divided in to six groups of 10: (I) No treatment, (II) sandblasting plus neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (1 W), (III) sandblasting plus Nd:YAG laser (2 W), (IV) Nd:YAG laser alone (1 W), (V) Nd:YAG laser alone (2 W), and (VI) sandblasting. Using a custom-made punch, a V-shaped bonding area with a 4-mm diameter and 90° angle was created in a Teflon tape. Composite cylinders (Filtek Z250) were then fabricated and bonded to conditioned zirconia ceramic using Clearfil self-adhesive lut-ing cement. Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours. Then, the specimens were tested for bond strength using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by t-test. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) test were applied for evaluating the effect of the laser. Results: Sandblasting caused a significantly higher bond strength compared to other methods (P=0.00). Among the laser-irradiated groups, Nd:YAG laser (2 W) yielded a higher bond strength (P

Effect of crystallization time and temperature on the membrane structure and performance has been investigated for Nano-pore Hydroxysodalite (HS) zeolite membranes. Molar composition of the starting gel of the HS zeolite membranes were: SiO2/Al2O3=1.0-5.0, Na2O/Al2O3=15-65, and H2O/Al2O3=500-1500. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the membranes exhibited peaks corresponding to the support and the zeolite. The crystal species was characterized by XRD and the morphology of the supports subjected to crystallization was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Separation performance of HS zeolite membranes was studied for water-Ethanol mixtures using pervaporation (PV). The membranes showed good selectivity towards water in the water-Ethanol mixtures. Water permeates faster because of its preferential adsorption into the Nano-pores of the hydrophilic zeolite membrane. In PV of water-Ethanol mixtures, the membrane exhibits a hydrophilic behavior, with a high selectivity towards water and a good flux. The best flux and separation factor of the membranes were 2.05 kg/m2.h and 10000, respectively. Effect of operating condition (temperature, flow rate and pressure) on the membrane performance was investigated for HS zeolite membranes grown onto seeded mullite supports. Finally, a comprehensive 2D model was developed for the PV of water-Ethanol mixture through HS zeolite membrane using Finite Element Method (FEM). Effect of varying dimensional factors, temperature and feed flow rate on the PV performance was studied. The proposed model was masterfully capable of predicting concentration distribution within two sub-domains of feed and membrane.

Nano pore ZSM-5type membranes were prepared on the outer surface of a porous-mullite tube by in situ liquid phase hydrothermal synthesis. The hydrothermal crystallization was carried out under an autogenous pressure, at a static condition and at a temperature of 180°C with tetra propyl ammonium bromide (TPABr) as a template agent. The molar composition of the starting gel of ZSM-5 zeolite membrane was: SiO2/Al2O3=100, Na2O/Al2O3=0.292, H2O/Al2O3=40–65, TPABr/ SiO2=0.02-0.05. The zeolites calcinations were carried out in the air at 530°C, to burn off the template (TPABr) within the zeolites. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the membranes consisted of peaks corresponding to the support and zeolite. The crystal species were characterized by XRD, and morphology of the supports subjected to crystallization was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Performance of Nano-porous ZSM-5 membranes was studied for separation of water–unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) mixtures using pervaporation (PV). Finally, a comprehensive unsteady-state model was developed for the pervaporation of water-UDMH mixture by COMSOL Multiphysics software version 5.2. The developed model was strongly capable of predicting the effect of various dimensional factors on concentration and velocity distributions within the membrane module. The best ZSM-5 zeolite membranes had a water flux of 2.22 kg/m2.h at 27°C. The best PV selectivity for ZSM-5 membranes was obtained to be 55.

Membrane ultrafiltration (UF) is widely used in dairy industries like milk concentration and dehydration processes. The limiting factor of UF systems is fouling which is defined as the precipitation of solutes in the form of a cake layer on the surface of the membrane. In this study, the combined cake filtration-complete blocking model was compared to cake filtration mechanism for flux data through ultrafiltration of skim milk at constant flow rate. The resistance data also was modeled using cake filtration model and standard blocking model. The effect of different trans-membrane pressures and temperatures on flux decline was then investigated. Based on the results obtained here, the combined complete blocking-cake formation model was in excellent agreement with experimental data. The cake filtration model also provided good data fits and can be applied to solutions whose solutes tend to accumulate on the surface of the membrane in the form of a cake layer. With increasing pressure, the differences between the model and experimental data increased.

AbstractBackground: Proper weight gain is essential for the mother’s health and pregnancy. On the other hand, insufficient weight gain is directly related to a decrease in the growth and preterm birth. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between the mother’s Body Mass Index (BMI) and pregnancy and delivery outcomes in mothers referred to Gerash health centers in 2014.Methods: This retrospective, cohort study was conducted on the data from 554 pregnant mothers referred to Gerash health centers to receive pregnancy healthcare from April to November 2014.Results: The mothers’ mean age was 25.9±5.4 years and their mean weight gain was 11.6±4.0 kg. In addition, 62.6% and 37.5% of the babies were born through natural delivery and cesarean section, respectively. About 9% of the children were pre-term, while 91% were term and post-term. Besides, 5.4% and 5.1% of the mothers got gestational diabetes and anemia, respectively. The results of logistic regression analysis showed positive relationships between the type of delivery and BMI (OR: 1.10(95% CI: 1.05-1.14)), history of cesarean section (OR: 0.02(95% CI: 0.01-0.07)), and mother’s age (OR: 1.06(95% CI: 1.03-1.10)) (p

Nanopore silicalite type membranes were prepared on the outer surface of a porous-mullite tube by in situ liquid phase hydrothermal synthesis. The hydrothermal crystallization was carried out under an autogenously pressure, at a static condition and temperature of 180 °C with tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) as a template agent. The molar composition of the starting gel of silicalite zeolite membrane was: Na2O/SiO2=0.287-0.450, H2O/SiO2 = 8-15, TPABr/SiO2 = 0.01-0.04. The zeolites calcinations were carried out in air at 530 °C, to burn off the template (TPABr) within the zeolites. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the membranes consisted of peaks corresponding to the support and zeolite. The crystal species were characterized by XRD, and morphology of the supports subjected to crystallization was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Performance of silicalite nanoporous membranes was studied for separation of water-unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) mixtures using pervaporation (PV). Finally, a comprehensive steady state model was developed for the pervaporation of a water-UDMH mixture by COMSOL Multiphysics software version 5.2. The developed model was strongly capable of predicting the effect of various dimensional factors on concentration and velocity distribution within the membrane module. The best silicalite zeolite membranes had a water flux of 3.34 kg/m2.h at 27 °C. The best PV selectivity for Silicalite membranes obtained was 53.

Background: Clopidogrel is a standout amongst the most ordinarily recommended medications to avoid ischemic occasions taking after coronary disorder or stant position. However, impaired responses the therapy as well as resistance to the therapy have also been reported. Genetic variants play an important role in clopidogrel biotransformation of its active metabolite that may subsequently influence the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 2C19 enzyme (CYP2C19) genotypes which are involved in the activation of clopidogrel in a random Iranian population of various ethnic groups (Persian, Azari, Kurd, etc.). Molecular analysis of CYP2C19 polymorphisms may be helpful in the determination of optimal antiplatelet therapy. Materials and Methods: CYP2C19 (*1/*2/*3) variants were assessed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Length Polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) assays in a representative sample of 154 Iranian patients with ischemic heart disease. Results: The frequencies of CYP2C19 *1 (normal genotype), *2 (heterozygote) and *3 (homozygote) were 112 (72.7%), 36 (23.4%) and 6 (3.9%), respectively. Conclusion: The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendations are more useful to be practiced in our country compared with other countries. Physicians should identify poor metabolizers for consideration of other antiplatelet medications or alternative dosing strategies.

In the second stage of Abbasid caliphate in 232-334 (After Hijrah), particularly in time of the caliphate of Moqtader bellah in 295-320 (After Hijrah), we encounter with a trend called heroism. Hero was titled to women who were the mediator between harem and court and they were assigned different responsibilities depended on their capability and authority. The domination of Turks on different affairs, the individual identity and the gradual decline of Moqtadir’s power as well as the dispute over power led to heroes’ taking benefits of these conditions and their authorization in different political and social grounds. They were interfering in the diverse affairs of caliphate such as the dismissal and appointment of ministers, emirs and army commanders and also they were given significant ranks such as judgment, treasury, and the guard of prison of prominent people. Through the investigation of this trend and the introduction of some eminent heroes in time of Moqtader bellah, this article considers the presence of women in the ground of policy.

Background: It has been suggested that moderate shrimp consumption in normolipidemic subjects will not adversely affect the overall lipoprotein profile. Hence, shrimp consumption can be included in “healthy heart" nutritional guidelines. However, the effects of cultured shrimp on serum lipoproteins of normal subjects have not yet investigated. Material and Methods: Twenty-five healthy normolipidemic men who were workers of a shrimp farm in Bushehr province participated in a quasi-experimental study. In a crossover six weeks trial, the effect of three days per week diet (containing 300 g cultured shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei /day) on serum lipid profile was compared with a zero-marine baseline diet. Results: After six weeks trial, serum triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels were not significantly changed from the baseline levels (p>0.05). However, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, total cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratios were significantly increased (p

The main aim of this article is theoretical and empirical explanation of an analytical model in which religiousness is specified as an exogenous variable and social capital is defined as endogenous variable. Definition of each specified parameters in the model has a theoretical foundation. Theoretical frame is prepared on the basis of some key theorists including Durkheim, Weber, Berger, Malinovski, Asliner, Fokoyama, Coleman and Putnam. Weight composition of observed variables, in order to definition of latent constructs, was conducted by second-order factor analysis. Research method has been survey and the technique of data gathering was questionnaire which its validity and reliability have been acceptable theoretically and statistically. The population was all citizens who have been 15 years old and over and dwelling in the city of Isfahan. Sample size was 384 cases who were selected based on a quota sampling design by age-group, gender and the city region of residency. The results shown that levels of religiousness and social capital, for the majority in the population, has been around average and high on the defined scales and just a few proportion of the studied population are located on the low level of the scale. Hypothesis testing showed that there is a significant effect of religiousness on social capital. (R-Squared = 0.14, Sig < 0.05). Among different dimensions of religiousness, religious beliefs or ideological dimension had has the strongest effect on social capital (R-Squared=0.09), while other aspects consist of ritualistic (R-Squared=0.08), consequential (R-Squared=0.06) and experimental (R-Squared=0.05) had have weaker effects respectively. The effects were statistically significance with at least 95% confidence level.

Osteoporosis is an increasing important health problem in the world. The diagnosis of osteoporosis is made by determining that the patient has low bone density, usually by a Dual Energy X-ray Absortiometry (DEXA) measurement. In order to reveal the prevalence of osteoporosis in 20-69 years old women in Bushehr port using DEXA measurements in three parts of femoral sites and lumbar (L2-L4) area, 588 females from 13 clusters were randomly selected. The mean of bone mineral densities were 1.005 (0.171) and 0.794 (0.147) gram/cm2 in lumbar and femoral areas, respectively. The bone mineral densities decreased by increasing in age (p

Background and Objectives: Contrast agent is widely used in angiography and coronary interventions. Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is the third most common cause of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients, which affects the rate of morbidity and mortality and healthcare costs. The purpose of this study was to determine the preventive effects of sodium bicarbonate on CIN in high-risk patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: In this clinical trial study, 100 patients with at least one risk factor, such as, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, age>65 years, or renal failure were equally assigned to one of the two groups of bicarbonate or saline. Angiography was performed with Omnipaque (350mg1/ml). Serum levels of creatinine, blood urea, and urine acidity were measured at baseline and 48 hours after angiography. Creatinine clearance was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. CIN was defined as a≥25% increase in serum creatinine 48 hours after exposure to the contrast agent. Results: No significant differences were observed between the two groups in baseline clinical laboratory parameters and medications (p>0.05). Forty-eight hours after exposure to the contrast agent, serum creatinine level significantly increased in the saline group (p=0.039), while the increase was not significant in the bicarbonate group (p=0.624). The incidence of CIN was 12% in the bicarbonate group and 14% in the saline group (p=0.7). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, bicarbonate could be a treatment of choice in the prevention of CIN.

Assuring job satisfaction, over a long-term, requires managers' styles, careful planning and effort both by management and by workers. Job satisfaction is influenced by the employee's personal characteristics, the manager's personal characteristics and management style, and the nature of the work itself. The aim of this study was to determine the management styles of female managers based on the four styles of Reddin (directive, executive, benevolent autocrat and bureaucrat) and their effects on job satisfaction of teachers in girls high schools in Isfahan in the academic year of 2006-2007. The research method in this study is correlational descriptive. The participants of this study were 150 teachers in girl high schools which were randomly chosen from 2591 teachers and finally, 125 questionnaires were analyzed. The data collection tools included two researcher-made questionnaires which were about the management styles and job satisfaction, with 37 and 41 questions accordingly. The questions were based on the Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaires was content-based validity and the reliability of the questionnaires was 0.81 and 0.92, based on the Cronbach Alpha Coefficient. To analyze the data, descriptive analysis (mean, variance, frequency distribution and percent) and inferential analysis (Hoteling t2, Pearson coefficient correlation, independent t-test, multi variance regression and Toki test) were used. The results of the study showed that only directive and executive management styles affect positively the teachers' job satisfaction. Also among the teachers there are different views about the directive style based on their gender and the level of education. In terms of executive style, there is a different view among the teachers based on their teaching experience. There was not a significant difference between the teachers' degree and the kind of high school. Among the demographic factors, only the Kind of high school (governmental or non-profit) was effective on the job satisfaction, which the teachers in the non-profit high schools were more satisfied.