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Medium entropy alloys (MEAs) have attracted significant interest due to their exceptional mechanical characteristics. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the impact of transition metal (TM) elements doping on the mechanical properties of face-centered cubic (FCC) (CrFeNi)100−xTMx(TM=Cu,Mo,Nb,Tiandx=0,4) MEAs. We have doped 4% TM elements with pure CrFeNi MEA and analyze several mechanical characteristics such as lattice distortion, Yield strength, elastic constants and moduli, Vickers hardness, machinability index, and Kleinman parameters. The correlation between elastic moduli and doping implies a decrement in the stiffness of (CrFeNi)100−xTMx alloys. To confirm the ductility, a thorough assessment involving Poisson's ratio, Cauchy's pressure, and Pugh's ratio are conducted. According to the anisotropy factor analysis, the presence of doping increases anisotropy in (CrFeNi)100−xTMx MEAs. The findings of our work suggest that the improved mechanical properties can be beneficial in the development of MEAs suitable for diverse applications.

Diarrheal diseases, especially cholera, can be a serious threat to Rohingya refugees in Cox's Bazar due to overcrowding and inadequate hygiene infrastructure. Assessing the risk, cholera surveillance network was established with the aim to identify the outbreak of diarrhea and cholera and help to take appropriate preventive measures including a vaccination campaign. The surveillance network has been ongoing for 6 years (2017–2023) in 17 health facilities. Diarrhea patients from Rohingya Myanmar nationals matched with case definition were enrolled and stool samples were tested by Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for early cholera detection Multiple Logistic regression models were fitted to examine the associations of risk factors among cholera cases. A total of 17,252 stool samples were collected through surveillance. Among the tested samples, 588 (3.5 %) were detected positive by RDT, and 239 (1.4 %) Vibrio cholerae were isolated by microbiological culture. Between 2021 and 2023, the number of culture-confirmed cases exceeded that in the period from 2017 to 2020. In addition to V. cholerae; high positivity was identified for ETEC (11.8 %) followed by Salmonella (3.9 %) and Shigella (2.7 %). Most of the cholera cases were presented with vomiting, dehydration and loose watery and rice watery nature of stool (p value =

IntroductionThe dysbiosis of vaginal microbiota is recognized as a potential underlying factor contributing to infertility in women. This study aimed to compare the vaginal microbiomes of infertile and fertile women to investigate their relationship with infertility. MethodsMetagenomic analysis was conducted on samples from 5 infertile and 5 fertile individuals using both amplicon 16S and metagenomics shotgun sequencing methods.Results and discussionIn the infertile group, the bacterial community was primarily represented by three major bacterial genera: Lactobacillus (79.42%), Gardnerella (12.56%) and Prevotella (3.33%), whereas, the fertile group exhibited a more diverse composition with over 8 major bacterial genera, accompanied by significantly reduced abundance of Lactobacillus (48.79%) and Gardnerella (6.98%). At the species level, higher abundances of L. iners, L. gasseri and G. vaginalis were observed in the infertile group. Regarding the microbiome composition, only one fertile and two infertile subjects exhibited the healthiest Community State Types, CST-1, while CST-3 was observed among two infertile and one fertile subject, and CST-4 in three other fertile and one infertile subject. Overall, alpha diversity metrics indicated greater diversity and lower species richness in the control (fertile) group, while the infertile group displayed the opposite trend. However, beta-diversity analysis did not show distinct clustering of samples associated with any specific group; instead, it demonstrated CST-type specific clustering. Shotgun metagenomics further confirmed the dominance of Firmicutes, with a greater abundance of Lactobacillus species in the infertile group. Specifically, L. iners and G. vaginalis were identified as the most dominant and highly abundant in the infertile group. Fungi were only identified in the control group, dominated by Penicillium citrinum (62.5%). Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) corroborated read-based taxonomic profiling, with the taxon L. johnsonii identified exclusively in disease samples. MAG identities shared by both groups include Shamonda orthobunyavirus, L. crispatus, Human endogenous retrovirus K113, L. iners, and G. vaginalis. Interestingly, the healthy microbiomes sequenced in this study contained two clusters, Penicillium and Staphylococcus haemolyticus, not found in the public dataset. In conclusion, this study suggests that lower species diversity with a higher abundance of L. iners, L. gasseri and G. vaginalis, may contribute to female infertility in our study datasets. However, larger sample sizes are necessary to further evaluate such association.

Introduction: An upsurge of diarrheal cases occurred in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with approximately 30% of the cases being identified as cholera in 2022. To combat this situation, a reactive Oral Cholera Vaccination campaign was organized in five highly cholera-affected areas of Dhaka city. The paper is a descriptive tale of experience gathering, organization and implementation of reactive oral cholera vaccination campaign. Study design: This is a descriptive report of a reactive oral cholera vaccination campaign. Methods: Population density maps were generated using GIS technology before launching the campaign. The target population comprised individuals aged over one year, excluding pregnant women, totaling 2,374,976 people residing in above mentioned areas. The campaign utilized Euvichol-Plus, an OCV with adherence to the necessary cold chain requirements. Total 700 teams, each consisting of six members, were deployed across the five zones. The campaign was conducted in two rounds, where first round took place in June–July 2022, followed by second round in August 2022. During the campaign, data on adverse events following immunization (AEFI) was collected. Expert teams from various government and non-government organizations monitored regularly and ensured the campaign's success. Results: The first round achieved a coverage rate of 99%, whereas in the second round, 86.3% of individuals among the first dose recipients. During the campaigns, a total of 57 AEFIs were reported. Conclusions: This campaign serves as a model for a multispectral approach in combating cholera epidemics, highlighting the collaborative efforts of policymakers, health authorities, local communities, and health partners.

Oxygen declination in coastal oceans has accelerated drastically in recent decades, both in terms of severity and spatial extent, and such disappearance of oxygen leads to dead zones where life can't survive. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to nutrient pollution and climate change due to intensified anthropogenic activities. The annual statistical oxygen mean concentrations showed the current deoxygenation trends based on (WOA_2001–2018) data comparison of 200 m below the surface water from the first two decades of the 21st century. A relatively similar significant oxygen loss of 0.5–3 ml/L was indicated in the first decade (2001–2009) over the water of continental shelves (200 m) in the tropical oceans and the areas of subtropical Pacific, Atlantic, and southern Indian oceans gradually started to fall from their moderate oxygen concentrations 4–5 ml/L between 2005 and 2009. Consequently, in the next decade (2013–2018), the negative oxygen trend persisted at a similar depth in the global oceans, and its expansion to more regions suggested that this trend of oxygen loss will continue in the future. This is a serious threat that has to be made more widely known since declines in oxygen levels in coastal oceans could have a wide range of negative impact on marine life, biogeochemical cycles, coastal habitats, economies that run on the sea, and ultimately humans. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate and put into practice management alternatives in order to lessen the effects of continuous deoxygenation on marine life and the supply of services by marine ecosystems.

Nanotechnologists and medical researchers are working hard to develop new and innovative ways to use nanorobots as nanomedicine to improve healthcare outcomes and revolutionize the field of therapeutics. Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by providing new ways of treating chronic diseases in the field of medicine. A “Gold Nano Thermo Robot” (GNTR) model has been proposed in this research article, which can be considered a nanomedicine that will deliver controlled thermal therapy to targeted malignant tissues without damaging healthy tissues. The proposed nanotherapeutic system, empowered with a nano sensor network, interbody body communication network, and Internet of nanomedical things, has been used to normalize and control hyperthermal waves in real-time that have been used to eliminate breast cancer cells using the “SEE and TREAT” technique. To generate hyperthermia, which has been irradiated by laser pulses to propose GNTR, a Coulomb explosion took place, and a huge amount of dispersed hyperthermia waves were produced. To convert the intensity of dispersed and irregular hyperthermia into a regulated and disciplined format, a Finite Difference Method has been used to develop a “Heat Control System.” A comparative analysis has been provided of the intricate relationship between the required radius of Gold Nano Thermo Robots and the volume depth of the tumor for penetration, with a keen focus on evaluating how different GNTR sizes fit or do not fit for the task of effectively treating tumors at various depths within cancer tumors. Furthermore, the effectiveness of treatment has multifaceted outcomes that have been acquired by the interplay between two critical factors, the temperature limit and therapy duration. By examining a comprehensive matrix of thermal therapy durations (ranging from 25 minutes to 60 minutes) alongside various temperature limits (ranging from 33°C to 60°C). The best fit and the best response therapy session have been verified with a temperature limit of 42 °C for 30 minutes, achieving near-complete tumor ablation with minimum harm to the healthy tissues. The complex physical effects on the Gold Nano Robots surfaces due to the Coulomb explosion procedure are also provided in the form of simulation analysis, and an explanation is given in nine panels.

Rohingya refugees face numerous challenges in their daily lives in the world's most densely populated refugee camps. International refugee laws are not operative due to the domestic laws and the legal aspects of refugee management when Bangladesh is non-signatory to any conventions related to refugees. The article argues that the practice of international laws on refugee conventions is essential for rights and opportunities for refugees to build prospects. The study found inadequate policies and programs on human rights and opportunities for Rohingya in refugee camps hampering their inclusive development long run. Limited service on health, education, and other basic needs potentially affects their livelihoods now and then. This paper calls for international solidarity and implementation of international laws for their rights and opportunities and smooth operations of local and global humanitarian agencies. The time for justice and actions is now for Rohingya to live, prosper, and safely return to Myanmar all while ensuring accountability for justice-related efforts.

The effect of Sb-doping in the Bi-based double perovskite Ba2TbBi1-xSbxO6(x = 0.0, 0.5) on providing a structural and electronic framework for understanding numerous physical aspects at an atomistic level. We study in detail the undoped and Sb-doped Ba2TbBiO6 double perovskite’s structural, elastic, mechanical, electronic, and thermodynamic properties for both cubic and monoclinic phases. Doping alters the spatial group structure and lattice constant of Ba2TbBi1−xSbxO6, causing a change in the Brillouin zone, which alters the band structure and bandgap value. The elastic constants confirmed the ductility of the solids and ensured mechanical stability in both phases. This study reveals that both phases of Ba2TbBi1−xSbxO6 are more mechanically stable, ductile, and machinable than Ba2TbBiO6. The Sb-doped monoclinic phase had greater anisotropy than the cubic phase, despite the fact that both phases were anisotropic. Vickers hardness shows that the monoclinic Ba2TbBi1−xSbxO6(x = 0.0, 0.5) phase is harder than the cubic Ba2TbBi1−xSbxO6(x = 0.0, 0.5) phases. The cubic and monoclinic phases of Ba2TbBi0.5Sb0.5O6 have Debye temperatures of 248.48 and 240.75 K, respectively. After doping, the cubic phase’s melting temperature (1529.21 K) grows higher than that of the monoclinic phase (1386.87 K). Doping can make a material more stable by lowering its thermal expansion coefficient. Both doped phases can be used as thermal barrier coatings (TBCs).

Abstract Nowadays, perovskite materials are well known for electronics and optoelectronics applications. We have investigated a potential candidate for those applications to compare the applicability in optoelectronics, photorefractive and photovoltaic (PV) devices. The systematic comparative study of the structural, electronic, optical, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of pure BaTiO3 and Ca doped BaTiO3 (Ba1−xCaxTiO3 where x = 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.500, 0.625) perovskite have been carried out using first-principles and density-functional-theory calculations as recently this material was mostly experimented. The measured structural parameters from the geometrically optimized structure of cubic BT ceramic compared with the other theoretical values. A crystal phase transition occurs when doping content x = 0.25. The electronic band structure shows that the nature of the bandgap is changed from indirect bandgap to direct bandgap energy at G-point after doping the Ca atom into BaTiO3 (BT) crystal. Doping of Ca into BT has led to bandstructure modification including conduction band (CB) shifting toward the higher energy level. Electronic properties have been reported to examine the contribution of different orbitals to the CB and to the valance band (VB). This study investigated the modification of optical properties such as absorption, reflectivity, refractive index, extinction coefficient, conductivity, dielectric function and loss function at the energy range from 0 to 30 eV. The prominent absorption peak and optical energy were observed at the UV light energy region. Based on the optical behavior of the material this theoretical research suggests that the doped BT solution is a suitable candidate for photorefractive and optoelectronic devices. Different elastic constants reveal mechanical stability and the existence of the covalent bond of those compounds. Debye temperature increases with doping content. Hence modification of BaTiO3 crystal by Ca atom significantly develop various properties that led it to multifunctional applications.

BackgroundUnderstanding the characteristics of the humoral immune responses following COVID-19 vaccinations is crucial for refining vaccination strategies and predicting immune responses to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.MethodsA longitudinal analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) specific IgG antibody responses, encompassing IgG subclasses IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 was performed. Participants received four mRNA vaccine doses (group 1; n=10) or two ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and two mRNA booster doses (group 2; n=19) in Bangladesh over two years.ResultsFindings demonstrate robust IgG responses after primary Covishield or mRNA doses; declining to baseline within six months. First mRNA booster restored and surpassed primary IgG responses but waned after six months. Surprisingly, a second mRNA booster did not increase IgG levels further. Comprehensive IgG subclass analysis showed primary Covishield/mRNA vaccination generated predominantly IgG1 responses with limited IgG2/IgG3, Remarkably, IgG4 responses exhibited a distinct pattern. IgG4 remained undetectable initially but increased extensively six months after the second mRNA dose, eventually replacing IgG1 after the 3rd/4th mRNA doses. Conversely, initial Covishield recipients lack IgG4, surged post-second mRNA booster. Notably, mRNA-vaccinated individuals displayed earlier, robust IgG4 levels post first mRNA booster versus Covishield counterparts. IgG1 to IgG4 ratios decreased with increasing doses, most pronounced with four mRNA doses. This study highlights IgG response kinetics, influenced by vaccine type and doses, impacting immunological tolerance and IgG4 induction, shaping future vaccination strategies.ConclusionsThis study highlights the dynamics of IgG responses dependent on vaccine type and number of doses, leading to immunological tolerance and IgG4 induction, and shaping future vaccination strategies.

Topological insulators (TIs) have garnered significant interest in condensed matter physics and materials science due to their unique properties. Recently, Half-Heusler compounds have been predicted to exhibit topological insulator behavior based on electronic structure. We conducted a study on potential alternatives for optoelectronic, photorefractive, and photovoltaic devices. Using density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations, a systematic comparison of the structural, electronic, and optical properties of LiAuS and NaAuS is performed. The geometrically optimized structures of cubic LiAuS and NaAuS were compared with theoretical values. The electronic band structure revealed a non-trivial zero band gap at the G-point, and the influence of different orbitals on the conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB) was analyzed. The optical properties including absorption, reflectivity, index of refraction, extinction coefficient, conductivity, and dielectric function were examined over the energy spectrum ranging from 0 to 30 eV. LiAuS displays a notable absorption peak at 7.95 eV, whereas NaAuS exhibits a peak at 6.79 eV. The reflectivity peak, on the other hand, is higher at 19.79 eV and 8.29 eV for LiAuS, and at 6.74 eV for NaAuS. The reflective indices for LiAuS and NaAuS are determined to be 3.5 and 7.03, respectively. It is observed that LiAuS and NaAuS possess elevated optical conductivity at 6.26 eV and 6.14 eV, respectively. The conductivities of LiAuS and NaAuS in terms of their visual properties have been claimed to be 8.0(1/fs) and 6.84(1/fs), individually. In view of its high dielectric constant, LiAuS exhibits significant absorption peaks at 0.91 eV, 4.63 eV, and 13.63 eV, whereas NaAuS displays peaks at 0.07 eV, 4.45 eV, and 13.12 eV. Owing to their optical characteristics, LiAuS and NaAuS possess the potential for implementation in photorefractive and optoelectronic devices.

ObjectivesDiarrhea is a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh. Of the different spectrums of diarrheal diseases, cholera occurs every year, causing outbreaks and epidemics following a biannual seasonal pattern. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitalization for diarrheal diseases decreased in 2020 compared to the previous years. However, in 2021, massive outbreaks occurred in different geographical locations of the country. We described that an outbreak of diarrheal diseases causes mortality in different geographical locations in Bangladesh.MethodIn this study, we present a report of diarrhea outbreaks that were reported in 2018–2021 in different parts of Bangladesh, and data have been captured from different sources such as print and electronic media as well as from a nationwide surveillance system.ResultsAmong these locations, districts of Barisal Division, Kishorganj, Noakhali, Gopalganj, Bandarban, and Chattogram were the major hotspots of the outbreaks where high morbidity due to acute watery diarrhea and even mortality, which is usually low in Bangladesh, were recorded.ConclusionEarly detection and prevention and strengthening of the surveillance system are needed to combat the diarrheal upsurge, take immediate control, and adopt preventive strategies.

Nitric oxide (NO) has received much attention since it can boost plant defense mechanisms, and plenty of studies have shown that exogenous NO improves salinity tolerance in plants. However, because of the wide range of experimental settings, it is difficult to assess the administration of optimal dosages, frequency, timing, and method of application and the overall favorable effects of NO on growth and yield improvements. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to reveal the exact physiological and biochemical mechanisms and to understand the influence of plant-related or method-related factors on NO-mediated salt tolerance. Exogenous application of NO significantly influenced biomass accumulation, growth, and yield irrespective of salinity stress. According to this analysis, seed priming and foliar pre-treatment were the most effective methods of NO application to plants. Moreover, one-time and regular intervals of NO treatment were more beneficial for plant growth. The optimum concentration of NO ranges from 0.1 to 0.2 mM, and it alleviates salinity stress up to 150 mM NaCl. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of NO treatment was more pronounced as salinity stress was prolonged (>21 days). This meta-analysis showed that NO supplementation was significantly applicable at germination and seedling stages. Interestingly, exogenous NO treatment boosted plant growth most efficiently in dicots. This meta-analysis showed that exogenous NO alleviates salt-induced oxidative damage and improves plant growth and yield potential by regulating osmotic balance, mineral homeostasis, photosynthetic machinery, the metabolism of reactive oxygen species, and the antioxidant defense mechanism. Our analysis pointed out several research gaps, such as lipid metabolism regulation, reproductive stage performance, C4 plant responses, field-level yield impact, and economic profitability of farmers in response to exogenous NO, which need to be evaluated in the subsequent investigation.

A March–June 2021 representative serosurvey among Sitakunda subdistrict (Chattogram, Bangladesh) residents found an adjusted prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies of 64.1% (95% credible interval 60.0%–68.1%). Before the Delta variant surge, most residents had been infected, although cumulative confirmed coronavirus disease incidence was low.

Steel fibers and their aspect ratios are important parameters that have significant influence on the mechanical properties of ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). Steel fiber dosage also significantly contributes to the initial manufacturing cost of UHPFRC. This study presents a comprehensive literature review of the effects of steel fiber percentages and aspect ratios on the setting time, workability, and mechanical properties of UHPFRC. It was evident that (1) an increase in steel fiber dosage and aspect ratio negatively impacted workability, owing to the interlocking between fibers; (2) compressive strength was positively influenced by the steel fiber dosage and aspect ratio; and (3) a faster loading rate significantly improved the mechanical properties. There were also some shortcomings in the measurement method for setting time. Lastly, this research highlights current issues for future research. The findings of the study are useful for practicing engineers to understand the distinctive characteristics of UHPFRC.

Background: Over 700,000 Myanmar nationals known as the ‘Rohingyas’ fled into Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, in late 2017. Due to this huge displacement into unhygienic areas, these people became vulnerable to communicable diseases including cholera. Assessing the risk, the Government of Bangladesh (GoB), with the help of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) and other international partners, decided to take preventive measures, one of which is the execution of oral cholera vaccination (OCV) campaigns. This paper describes the implementation and delivery of OCV campaigns during humanitarian crises in Bangladesh. Methods: Seven rounds of OCV campaigns were conducted between October 2017 and December 2021. The OCV campaigns were conducted by applying different strategies. Results: Approximately 900,000 Rohingya Myanmar nationals (RMNs) and the host population (amounting to 528,297) received OCV across seven campaigns. In total, 4,661,187 doses of OCVs were administered, which included 765,499 doses for RMNs, and 895,688 doses for the host community. The vaccine was well accepted, and as a result, a high level of coverage was achieved, ranging from 87% to 108% in different campaigns. Conclusions: After successful pre-emptive campaigns in Cox’s Bazar humanitarian camps, no cholera outbreaks were detected either in the RMN or host communities.

Abstract Bangladesh recently faced large outbreaks of both COVID‐19 and dengue. We present a case of COVID‐19 and dengue coinfection in a patient who presented with hemoptysis. Our results demonstrate that COVID‐19 and dengue fever are both public health issues in Bangladesh and other dengue‐endemic nations and that they can coexist.

Abstract In this paper, the enhancement of gain and bandwidth of a Minkowski fractal antenna (MFA) with defected ground structure is investigated. The antenna characteristics are studied for first and second iterations by considering complementary split ring resonators in the L‐shaped modified ground plane. The dimensions of the MFA are optimized with computer simulation technology software and the fabricated antenna characteristics are measured using Vector Network Analyzer and Wave and Antenna Training System. From the simulation, the maximum gain of our proposed antenna has been found 5.2 dB. Both bandwidths obtained from simulation and measurement exceed 2 GHz. The results of simulation are in good agreement with measured ones. This proposed antenna is suitable for the applications of various 5G wireless communications.

BACKGROUND:Cholera remains a substantial health burden in Asia and Africa particularly in resource poor settings. The standard procedures to identify the etiological organism V. cholerae are isolation from microbiological culture from stool as well as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Both the processes are highly lab oriented, labor extensive, time consuming, and expensive. In an effort to control for outbreaks and epidemics; an effective, convenient, quick and relatively less expensive detection method is imperative, without compromising the sensitivity and specificity that exists at present. The objective of this component of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a locally produced rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for cholera diagnosis. METHODS:In Bangladesh, nationwide cholera surveillance is ongoing in 22 hospitals covering all 8 divisions of the country since June, 2016. In the surveillance, stool samples have been collected from patients presenting to hospitals with acute watery diarrhea. Crystal VCTM (Span diagnostics, India) and Cholkit (locally produced RDT) have been used to detect V. cholerae from stool samples. Samples have also been sent to the main laboratory at icddr,b where the culture based isolation is routinely performed. All the tests were carried out for both direct and enriched stool samples. RDT sensitivity and specificity were calculated using stool culture as the gold standard. RESULTS:A total of 7720 samples were tested. Among these, 5865 samples were solely tested with Crystal VC and 1355 samples with Cholkit whereas 381 samples were tested with both the RDTs. In comparison with culture, direct testing with Crystal VC showed a sensitivity of 72% (95% CI: 50.6% to 87.9%) and specificity of 86.8% (95% CI: 82.8% to 90.1%). After enrichment the sensitivity and specificity was 68% (95% CI: 46.5% to 85.1%) and 97.5% (95% CI: 95.3% to 98.8%) respectively. The direct Cholkit test showed sensitivity of 76% (95% CI: 54.9% to 90.6%) and specificity of 90.2% (95% CI: 86.6% to 93.1%). CONCLUSION:This evaluation has demonstrated that the sensitivity and specificity of Cholkit is similar to the commercially available test, Crystal VC when used in field settings for detecting V. cholerae from stool specimens. The findings from this study suggest that the Cholkit could be a possible alternative for cholera endemic regions where V. cholerae O1 is the major causative organism causing cholera.

Al doped ZnO (AZO) films are fabricated by using sol-gel spin coating method and changes in electrical, optical and structural properties due to variation in film thickness is studied. AZO films provide c-axis orientation along the (002) plane and peak sharpness increased with film thickness is evident from XRD analysis. Conductivity (σ) of AZO films has increased from 2.34 (Siemens/cm) to 20156.27 (Siemens/cm) whereas sheet resistance (Rsh) decreases from 606300 (ohms/sq.) to 2.08 (ohm/sq.) with increase of film thickness from 296 nm to 1030 nm. Optical transmittance (T%) of AZO films is decreased from around 82% to 62% in the visible region. And grain size (D) of AZO thin films has been found to increase from 19.59 nm to 25.25 nm with increase of film thickness. Figure of Merit is also calculated for prepared sample of AZO. Among these four sample of AZO thin films, L-15 sample (having thickness in 895 nm) has provided highest figure of merit which is 5.49*10^-4 (Ω-1).