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To determine the prevalence and risk factors for uveitis in spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients.A total of 225 patients who fulfilled Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society classification criteria for axial and peripheral SpA were enrolled. The diagnosis of uveitis was confirmed by an ophthalmologist. From medical records and from clinical evaluation associated information like disease duration, and human leukocyte antigen B27 was collected. Relevant laboratory tests were done and disease severity was assessed using Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score - erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. Characteristics of uveitis positive and uveitis negative groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done for the risk factors, and P values.05 were considered significant.Prevalence of uveitis was 18.7%. The disease duration was 9.3 ± 7 years and 5.4 ± 4.5 years in uveitis and no uveitis groups respectively (P ≤ .001). Family history of SpA was positive in 45.2% in the uveitis group (P ≤ .001). The frequency of axial SpA was 92.9% and 73.8% in the uveitis and no uveitis groups respectively (P ≤ .008). The mean BASDAI was 2.4 ± 1.9 and 3.3 ± 2.8 in uveitis and no uveitis groups respectively (P = .050). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, among the selected variables, family history of SpA (odds ratio [OR] =3.697; 95% CI =1.616-8.457; P = .002) and duration of disease (OR =1.089; 95% CI =1.004-1.181; P = .039) were independently associated with the occurrence of uveitis.The prevalence of uveitis was 18.7%. The family history and the disease duration of SpA were independently associated with uveitis.

In a dynamic coastal environment, the morphology of a sandbar is anticipated to change regularly, particularly when there is a large annual sediment supply. The study explored the nature and magnitude of a developing sandbar’s morphological changes between 1972 and 2006 in Sonadia Island, Bangladesh, using five different satellite images. The sandbar’s changes across the shoreline were calculated using field survey data and manual-drawing outlines of overlaid maps. The study revealed continuous and rapid morphological changes of the sandbar along the Island’s shoreline. The net annual rate of shoreline displacement ranges between 3.94 m and 7.79 m during the period. These might directly result from the Island being exposed to huge wave and tidal action and excessive sediment supply around the Island. Transect 3 represents the sandbar’s head and appears to be the most active zone with the most significant annual shoreline displacement of 22.00 m. The sandbar’s far end around Transect 7 is more stable with a yearly shoreline displacement of 0.50 m. Changes were more drastic between 1999 and 2006 than between 1972 and 1999. These rapid changes after 1999 could indicate that the sandbar is becoming increasingly vulnerable to anthropogenic changes and the adverse effects of sea-level rise.

A 30 years old woman was diagnosed as surgically induced diffuse scleritis following an uneventful strabismus surgery. The disease was stable with topical and systemic steroid but did not completely recover. So, immunomodulatory therapy with Oral Methotrexate was started. Keywords: Multifocal, diffuse scleritis, surgically induced, strabismus surgery

BackgroundOcular toxoplasmosis is common across all regions of the world. Understanding of the epidemiology and approach to diagnosis and treatment have evolved recently. In November 2020, an international group of uveitis-specialised ophthalmologists formed the International Ocular Toxoplasmosis Study Group to define current practice.Methods192 Study Group members from 48 countries completed a 36-item survey on clinical features, use of investigations, indications for treatment, systemic and intravitreal treatment with antiparasitic drugs and corticosteroids, and approach to follow-up and preventive therapy.ResultsFor 77.1% of members, unilateral retinochoroiditis adjacent to a pigmented scar accounted for over 60% of presentations, but diverse atypical presentations were also reported. Common complications included persistent vitreous opacities, epiretinal membrane, cataract, and ocular hypertension or glaucoma. Most members used clinical examination with (56.8%) or without (35.9%) serology to diagnose typical disease but relied on intraocular fluid testing—usually PCR—in atypical cases (68.8%). 66.1% of members treated all non-pregnant patients, while 33.9% treated selected patients. Oral trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was first-line therapy for 66.7% of members, and 60.9% had experience using intravitreal clindamycin. Corticosteroid drugs were administered systemically by 97.4%; 24.7% also injected corticosteroid intravitreally, almost always in combination with an antimicrobial drug (72.3%). The majority of members followed up all (60.4%) or selected (35.9%) patients after resolution of acute disease, and prophylaxis against recurrence with trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole was prescribed to selected patients by 69.8%.ConclusionOur report presents a current management approach for ocular toxoplasmosis, as practised by a large international group of uveitis-specialised ophthalmologists.

Purpose: To analyze clinical profile of the patients with scleritis in a tertiary care eye hospital in Bangladesh.Method: Retrospective analysis of 111 eyes of 79 patients of scleritis between Janu...

Background: Surgical defects of oral cavity and orofacial region are challenging because of the aesthetic and functional demands and dynamic nature of the area. A multitude of reconstructive options are available and with the advent of musculocutaneous flaps and free microvascular tissue transfer, orofacial reconstruction has entered an era of sophistication whereby repair of defects of all types and sizes has become possible. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the functional outcome, surface texture and complications of nasolabial flap for reconstruction in the buccal mucosal defects. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted 20 patients with clinical histological diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC;T1-T3 ) involving buccal mucosa attending in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department of Dhaka Dental College and Hospital during this study period were included purposively in the study. All patients were treated by excision of the lesion and subsequent reconstruction of the defect by nasolabial flap. If indicated then patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. They were examined preoperatively, immediate postoperatively, on discharge and 3 months after operation. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistics (version 20) software. To find out the significance of the result one way ANOVA was conducted and the Post Hoc Test was done by LSD. Results: Among 20 patients 15% (3) patients developed infection, 15% (3) patients developed dehiscence. Trismus occurred in 5% (1) patient. In assessment of interincisal opening of the patients, 90% (18) presented with adequate interincisal opening but it has been reduced in 10% (2) patients after radiotherapy. In 90% (18) patients surface texture of the flap were smooth and in 10% (2) were partially smooth. Conclusion:The nasolabial flap has proved to be a useful and reliable option for reconstruction of defects of the buccal mucosa in order to allow wound closure without tension and maintain oral function. KYAMC Journal Vol. 10, No.-1, April 2019, Page 48-53

A 40-year-old woman had been suffering of many symptoms of Behçet’s disease (BD) since her childhood without being diagnosed. She had recurrent mouth ulcers and from the age of 21 vulva ulcers followed by loss of vision due to central retinitis and later also ankle arthritis. At the age of 31, uveitis due to BD was diagnosed. The fact that BD is often not recognized in Bangladesh explains the marked delay in her diagnosis. The initial central retinitis responded well to oral glucocorticoids, azathioprine and cyclosporine, but in the course of time she became refractory to these agents. Considering her financial constraints, low dose Infliximab (3mg/kg) was used resulting in a remarkable but temporal improvement, she came in remission by using 5mg/kg regimen with increased interval time. We summarize the treatment options for ocular involvement in BD patients Conclusions: In countries like Bangladesh diagnosis of Behçet’s disease can be delayed. Early cooperation of dermatologists and eye surgeons with rheumatologists is necessary. Most cases of resistant ocular BD can nowadays be successfully treated with anti TNF-agents. Promising results are published with other biologics for refractory and multi-resistant cases.

The decrease in oxygen content (deoxygenation) of coastal and oceanic waters worldwide has found to be worsened in recent decades. Recent findings indicate that the Peru-Chile margins, West African coast, the northern Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal are increasingly vulnerable to deoxygenation events. This study observed the distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO) and found the Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZ) in the Bay of Bengal spatially and temporally. DO data was collected from the World Ocean Database for all the years the inventory has available. A permanent hypoxic condition at the mid-layer depths (200m -900m) was observed in the shallower area. During monsoon season, due to meteorological turmoil of cyclone genesis and heavy rainfall, the area get enough oxygen. The vertical distribution is found to be as decreasing at first few hundred depths and then increasing from 1,000m to the bed. The sections show OMZs more in summer and winter; less in monsoon. The OMZs lie mostly at 200-500m depth along the continental slope or at mid-regions of the basin.

Background : Throughout the world, a demographic revolution is underway. The proportion of older people is growing faster than any other group. A growth spurt in the number of elderly persons has resulted from improvements in both social living conditions and medical care. This poses tremendous challenges to health and social policy planners, particularly because disease patterns will shift concurrently. Objectives : The present study was planned and carried out with the aim of assessment of the oral hygiene practice and oral health status among geriatric population. Materials & Methods : This cross sectional study was done among the geriatric population with a view to assess their oral hygiene practice and oral health status. Purposively selected 26 geriatric peoples were interviewed through a structured closed end questionnaire followed by a observational checklist. Results : In this study, it is found that most (84.6%) respondents brush their teeth regularly; more than half (57.7%) respondents brush their teeth twice; most (53.8%) of respondents brush their teeth after awake at morning, and 30.8% respondents brush 2-3 min; half of respondents use tooth brush and tooth paste. In this study, it is found that, respondents aged 70 years have Decayed Missed Filled Teeth (DMFT) (mean ± SD) 5.20 5.72, OHI (mean ± SD) 2.56 01.87. We also found that, respondents have Plaque Index (PI) (mean ± SD) 1.29 1.50, and GI (mean ± SD) 0.20 0.44. Conclusion : Oral health is one of the important components of aging; due to the presence of oral disease, it can affect general health and quality of life of elderly people. KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-2, July 2018, Page 48-52

Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a rare cause of diffuse, bilateral, granulomatous uveitis that develops after ocular trauma with uveal incarceration, which is typically penetrating and may be either...

Resilience has been conceptualized in various ways by anthropologists, ecologists, systems scientists and engineers; the boundaries of resilience are subjective and context dependent. Consequently, choosing the standards and metrics for assessing resilience remains key challenges for policy makers. In this study, using multicriteria evaluation of 40 basic criteria of human, physical, financial, natural and social assets, we have identified several elements, such as experienced fishermen, natural abundance of hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha), ability to assert decision on fish selling, nets and boats ownership, social harmony and capacity of buying food as essential livelihood assets for the fishermen at Hatiya Island, Bangladesh. These assets may enhance the relative resilience of the fishing community of the island to climate change by as much as 20–40%. The results of this study will improve our understanding of the elements that lead to resilience at the community level.

Purpose To report the pattern of uveitis in a tertiary eye care center in Bangladesh. Methods Retrospective analysis of all uveitis cases visiting uveitis clinic of Bangladesh Eye Hospital between January, 2009 and April, 2015. Results In total, 652 patients (mean age 32.3 years, female 47.8%) were included in the study. Uveitis was bilateral in 42.6% of cases. Anterior uveitis was the most common (39.2%) case, closely followed by intermediate uveitis (22.2%), posterior uveitis (22%), and panuveitis (16.4%). Specific diagnosis was established in 53.3% of patients. The three most common specific diagnoses were ocular tuberculosis (10.7%), followed by HLA-B27-related uveitis (10.1%) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD; 8.4%). Conclusion Ocular tuberculosis remained an important cause of uveitis in Bangladesh while HLA-B27 and VKHD were found to be the most common non-infectious uveitic entity.

Background Acute retinal necrosis is a rare but devastating ocular condition. We report two cases of acute retinal necrosis in immunocompetent patients, complicated by cystoid macular oedema and treated with intravitreal dexamethasone (OZURDEX®) implant. Results Two patients diagnosed with acute retinal necrosis were treated with intravenous acyclovir. Both of them developed cystoid macular oedema following resolution of viral retinitis. Ocular condition of the first patient was further complicated by central serous chorioretinopathy. Under unavoidable circumstances, cystoid macular oedema in both the patients was treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implant with great caution. Resolution of cystoid macular oedema without recurrence of viral retinitis was noted in the long-term follow-up. Conclusions Findings of the case report should be interpreted cautiously, and extreme caution should be exercised prior deciding the management with a corticosteroid implant in patients with viral retinitis. However, intravitreal dexamethasone implant can be a useful option in selected patients with cystoid macular oedema in acute retinal necrosis.

In this paper the results of feasibility study to generate electrical energy from waves of the Bay of Bengal have been discussed. The wave resource assessment, economic conditions, challenges and the cost estimation for power generation are also described. Calculation of Wave energy and an analysis of energy fluctuation at various months of different consecutive years and it is observed that, April to October waves have travelled with a lot of energy and a considerable amount of energy at November to March in Bay of Bengal at Cox’s Bazar, Chittagong. The energy is wave dominated. Due to availability of generated wave, it is possible to generate Power with full pace from April to October and considerable amount can be generated at rest of the months. In the circumstances of Bangladesh energy source research on renewable is most important to mitigate the increasing power demand and a contribution to reduce global warming. In the circumstances of Bangladesh energy source research on renewable is most important to mitigate the increasing power demand and a contribution to reduce global warming. Moreover, a new design methodology of ocean wave energy conversion is described. This design is focused on the velocity of wave and it will captured energy from wave as a thrust force and this force converted as per design. An option has been adopted for hybridization from various renewable sources of that device which can reduces the cost of device and increase the power generation. The method can apply to conversion the energy from the ocean all over the world.

not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 110-111

At present species of Hypnea are only the exportable seaweeds in Bangladesh. They are widely distributed around St. Martin Island and have already been successfully cultivated in this area holding bright prospect for mass production. Higher Education Commission of Pakistan