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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental disorder following traumatic events. The present study was conducted to understand the prevalence of PTSD after the earthquake in Iran and Pakistan. The review includes all articles published from inception to March 2019. The pooled prevalence for overall PTSD was 55.6% (95% CI: 49.9–61.3). It was 60.2% (95% CI: 54.1–66.3) and 49.2% (95% CI: 39.4–59) for Iranian and Pakistani survivors, respectively. Women experienced higher incidence of PTSD than men. The variation of PTSD based on the clinical interview was lower than the self-report approach. The interval time between the earthquakes and the assessment showed that the prevalence of PTSD decreased over time. The prevalence of PTSD in Iran and Pakistan was higher than the global average, and the rate of the disorder in Iran was higher than in Pakistan. Sex, method of assessment, and time lag between the occurrence of disaster and assessment of PTSD affect the prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We examined and estimated the trend of breast cancer incidence in Kerman, the largest province in Iran. Method: Having compiling the data of new cases from three sources (cancer registry, pathology, radiotherapy) in this longitudinal study, the number of untouched cases was estimated using log-linear model. We estimated the annual age-standardized rate (ASR) per 100,000 women in 2001-2015. We utilized joint point regression method to estimate the trend of breast cancer incidence during the examined years. Results: The ASR of breast cancer increased from 25 in 2001-2005 to 37 in 2011- 2015, showing that the annual average percentage increased by 5.9% (95% Confidence Interval: 3.5, 8.4, P<0.001). Moreover, during this period, the completeness of the cancer registry increased from 16% in the first five years to 70% in the last five years. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the coverage of the cancer registry increased significantly. It seems that part of the increasing trend of the reported cancer incidence was attributed to the enhancement of the cancer registry scheme, but our findings suggested that the real incidence of breast cancer had a growing trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) rampaged in Iran, three waves of the epidemic occurred. Objective: In the present study, two issues are considered. First: What proportion of the people adhere to the mitigation approaches towards the disease? Second: Which are the reasons to disobey these rules? Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based phone survey was applied among the population aged over 16 years in Mashhad between November 5 and December 1, 2020. A valid and reliable knowledge, attitude, and performance (KAP (designed questionnaire was used and logistic regression was performed with STATA 14. Results: The final sample size was 776; 90.59, 89.8 and 48.1% of the participants had sufficient reliable knowledge, attitude, and practice, respectively; 20.1% of the participants did not wear masks; nearly half of them visited traditional healers for the prevention and cure; 97.8% of them believed the efficiency of the vaccine and stated that they will consume it if it is distributed. Among the sociodemographic factors, only the unemployed had low adherence to the preventive approach; 51.7% of the main worry was the weak economic situation and 69% of jobs and expenditures were poorly affected. The odds ratio (OR) for optimising attitude reduced from 4.64 to 3.22, and for good performance from 5.64 to 5.43 after adjusting for the economic, knowledge and perception factors. Conclusion: Despite all the health rules and probably COVID-19 vaccines global access (COVAX), it seems that the most effective way to reverse this horrific wave and its economic consequences is the improvement of the economy and livelihood of the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to identify factors influencing pregnant women's use of patient decision aids (PtDA) and decision making on prenatal screening. Materials and methods: This qualitative study was conducted between July 2019 and June 2020 in Tehran, Iran. The sample included 26 pregnant women selected by purposive sampling. The participants used a prenatal screening PtDA, then interviewed about factors that would influence their decision making and use of decision aids. The data were analyzed by conventional content analysis. Results: Three categories were identified for the process of and factors influencing decision making, including the current decision making process, expected decision making process, and factors influencing decision making. Also, five categories were identified as factors affecting the use of PtDAs, including the content of decision aids, the appearance of decision aids, the decision aid platform, the provision of decision aids, and the sub features of decision aids. Conclusion: To design, develop, and implementation of PtDAs for pregnant women, one should identify the factors affecting pregnant women's decision making and the use of decision aids. This study helped to the identification of these factors, which is the first step towards the use of PtDAs by pregnant women and their participation in decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Student learning is one of the primary goals of universities. Suitable student-oriented teaching methods can help motivate students and help them realize their potential. One of these methods is [...]

Background: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of substance use among university students measured by direct and indirect methods, and to calculate the visibility factor (VF) defined as ratio of indirect to direct estimates of substance use prevalence. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Using a multistage non-random sampling approach, we recruited 2157 students from three universities in Kerman, Iran, in 2016. We collected data on substance use by individual face-to-face interview using direct (i.e. self-report of their own behaviors) and indirect (NSU: Network scale up) methods. All estimates from direct and indirect methods were weighted based on inverse probability weight of sampling university. Results: The response rate was 83.6%. The last year prevalence of water pipe, alcohol, and cigarettes indirect method was 44.6%, 18.1%, and 13.2% respectively. Corresponding figures in NSU analysis were 36.4%, 18.2%, and 16.5% respectively. In the female population, VF for all types of substance was less than male. Conclusions: Considerable numbers of university students used substances like a water pipe, alcohol, and cigarettes. NSU seems a promising method, especially among male students. Among female students, direct method provided more reliable results mainly due to transmission and prestige biases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acceptance of information and information diffusion are the traditional concepts that can be reviewed from another point of view. Acceptance of innovation and innovation diffusion model are starting points for analyzing these concepts. These concepts have an important role in designing systems and popularization of sciences. In addition, it is considerable in library and information studies which is integrated with information and information management. It has an important role in information seeking behavior, too. In this article, first with consideration of acceptance of innovation and its items and characteristics, we generalize this theory to acceptance of information. Second, the relationship between acceptance of information and Ellis information seeking behavior mention and their common point introduce. Then we introduce a conceptual model for acceptance of information. Finally with consideration of roll of social networks in information diffusion, we discuss information diffusion in association with models in these networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the scholarly production of Iran in the basic sciences and identify the place of the country among Islamic countries and the world, and also comparing the different disciplines in this field of knowledge, help to plan properly to provide necessary facilities for the advancement in these areas. The purpose of this study is the analysis of scientific poverty line of Iranian scientists and comparing them to the scientists of the superior Islamic countries. This is an applied research. Data were gathered and analyzed with the descriptive approach. In this study data collected from ISI during 1990 to 2011. Five disciplines of basic sciences, including mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and earth science were studied. Yi and Xi and Sx scientometrics indicators were used. Based on the findings of this research, Iran with 35542 documents, academic ability 0.509 % and the relative performance of 0.468% is in the first place among the Islamic countries. Iran also is in the first place in physics, chemistry, earth science and mathematics and in second place in biology among the Islamic countries. Despite Iran's ranking first among Muslim countries, it is below the scientific poverty line in terms of Xi and Sx indicators. So it seems necessary to pay more attention to production and distribution of basic science especially in biology. The weaknesses and barriers also should be recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of this study was to compare various lipid ratios for detection of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Iranian general population. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 5677 subjects aged >18 years from the general population in Kerman, Iran. Associations between lipid ratio quartiles and MetS were analyzed using logistic regression models. The areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was calculated to determine the accuracy of lipid ratios in predicting MetS. Results: The adjusted chance of having MetS across quartiles of all lipid ratios had an increasing significant pattern (P < 0.0001). The area under the curves of triglyceride/high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.84-0.87) in men and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.84-0.86) in women, of total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio was 0.79 (95% CI = 0.77-0.81) in men and 0.79 (95% CI = 0.77-0.81) in women and of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C ratio was 0.73 (95% CI = 0.71-0.75) in men and 0.74 (95% CI = 0.72-0.76) in women. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the TG/HDL-C Ratio is a better marker than the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and the TC/HDL-C ratio for identifying MetS in the Iranian population and could be used in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]