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Brachial artery aneurysmal degeneration is an exceptional complication of distal native fistulas. Chronic mechanical stresses due to high flow, as well as immunosuppressants drugs following renal transplantation, are the mains factors implicated in the pathophysiological mechanism. We report a case of a transplant patient with a true, symptomatic, brachial artery aneurysm, 8 years after transplantation and 5 years after radiocephalic wrist fistula ligation. The patient underwent open surgical repair, with aneurysm resection and end-to-end anastomosis. We present a literature review of the different therapeutic strategies of this unusual entity., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

The creation and preservation of vascular accesses, in patients with end-stage renal failure, remains a challenge for nephrologists and vascular surgeons. Native fistula is the best vascular access, humeral-basilic fistula is a precious access in patients who have exhausted their venous capital in the forearm and in whom the cephalic vein of the arm is small or damaged. Given its deep location, any puncture of this vein is prohibited before its superficialization, even if it is of good caliber, because it can have dramatic consequences, in particular the loss of the limb or even death. We report the case of a patient undergoing hemodialysis for seven years with a non-superficialized humeral-basilic fistula, admitted for an iatrogenic false aneurysm of the brachial artery following a puncture for dialysis, with compression of the median nerve, treated surgically., (Copyright © 2021 Société francophone de néphrologie, dialyse et transplantation. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Native arteriovenous fistula is the best available vascular access for hemodialysis in end-stage renal failure. It is characterized by higher patency rates and lower rates of morbidity, mortality and complication compared to prosthetic bypass grafts and central venous catheters. Aneurysmal complications remain the main complications of these access with a high risk of rupture and fatal hemorrhage. Their management varies from case to another and several methods are reported in the literature. We describe a case of an atypical localization of a juxta-anastomotic venous aneurysm in the anatomical snuffbox, treated by resection with proximal reimplantation of the cephalic vein at the wrist., (Copyright © 2020 Société francophone de néphrologie, dialyse et transplantation. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Internal jugular vein aneurysms or phlebectasia of the internal jugular vein are considered a benign pathology. They are more and more diagnosed with the evolution of imaging techniques : ultrasonography, angioscanner and MRI. Clinically they are often by chance, however accompanying clinical signs can be seen such as pain, hoarseness or vocal cord paralysis. Several differential diagnoses can be mentioned such as laryngocoele, gill cyst, paraganglioma and hemangioma. They are of unknown etiology with several hypotheses on the etiopathogenesis and on the frequent localization on the right. Conservative treatment can be chosen for small aneurysms and in children. Surgical treatment finds its indication especially in the event of a complication such as thrombosis or for an aesthetic interest; other treatments such as endovascular treatment are being evaluated. We report the case of a 67-year-old woman admitted for a painful latero-cervical mass, and in whom the diagnosis of an aneurysm of the internal jugular vein was suspected and confirmed by ultrasound and CTscan. The patient received successful surgical treatment., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

An atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is a rare but well recognized entity characterized by saccular deformity of the atrial septum that bulges into the right or left atrium. Diagnosis can be established using transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Although this abnormality is considered clinically benign, it has been independently associated with systemic or cerebral embolism. We present a unique case of isolated atrial septal aneurysm complicated by digital ischemia in a 51 years old woman., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The floating mural thrombus of abdominal aorta is a rare and serious pathology detected as cause of peripheral and visceral embolism. Isolated aortic mural thrombosis is an unusual pathology occurring in an apparently normal aorta. A thorough search of embolic source must be initiated. Therapeutic management is based on systemic anticoagulation with the use of surgical approach in some cases., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Infectious aneurysm is a severe entity of the aneurysmal pathology, due essentially to a bacterial agent. The most frequently implicated organisms are salmonella and staphylococci. We report the case of an infectious aneurysm of the two primitive iliac arteries with Salmonella typhimurium in a 70-year-old man.

Extracranial carotid aneurysms are rare, but are of significant clinical interest due to the high risk of cerebral embolism. Despite considerable progress in endovascular techniques, surgical treatment of these aneurysms remains the golden standard. We report the case of a 50-year-old man who presented an aneurysm of the left internal carotid artery measuring 46 × 26 mm. Resection of the aneurysm with interposition of a prosthetic graft was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. Pathology reported that the aneurysmal sac probably had a dysplastic origin., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)