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The study is devoted to new phenomena in Tatar prose in recent years. Based on the material of the review and analysis of the iconic works of modern Tatar writers, it is established that one of the main patterns of development of Tatar literature is synthetism. It manifests itself in the combination of various stylistic principles in a single structure of the work. An attempt is made to consider the features of synthetism in Tatar literature in stylistic and genre aspects. In particular, in modern Tatar prose, dystopia, by providing a platform for a stylistic reunion of the past and the present or the present and the future, allows writers to search for both universal and national values that form the basis of spirituality. They imagine love and devotion between father and children; historical memory, etc. The combination of a biographical text with a lyric-romantic love story or a realistic one with a philosophical one, which are also common in prose in recent years, testifies Key words: Tatar prose, synthetism, novel, dystopia, novel, short story Article history: received 14.05.2024; accepted 19.06.2024.

Abstract Herbivorous insects alter biogeochemical cycling within forests, but the magnitude of these impacts, their global variation, and drivers of this variation remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap and help improve biogeochemical models, we established a global network of 74 plots within 40 mature, undisturbed broadleaved forests. We analyzed freshly senesced and green leaves for carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and silica concentrations, foliar production and herbivory, and stand-level nutrient fluxes. We show more nutrient release by insect herbivores at non-outbreak levels in tropical forests than temperate and boreal forests, that these fluxes increase strongly with mean annual temperature, and that they exceed atmospheric deposition inputs in some localities. Thus, background levels of insect herbivory are sufficiently large to both alter ecosystem element cycling and influence terrestrial carbon cycling. Further, climate can affect interactions between natural populations of plants and herbivores with important consequences for global biogeochemical cycles across broadleaved forests.

This article provides a review of Lanpressun®, a new formulations of latanoprost micellar nanoemulsion without benzaltonium chloride (BAK). The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of new formulations are presented. Due to innovative delivery system and absence of detergent preseravative (BAK, poliquaternium and others) Lanpressun® possess better tolerability and safety to ocular surface, that provides patients adherence to longer therapy. The article presents the results of clinical trials demonstrating high hypotensive efficacy of Lanpressun®. Literature analysis of studies on safety and effect on ocular surface shows good tolerability of preservative­free latanoprost nanoemulsion. The authors give the assessment of Lanpressun® future perspectives in treatment of patients with open­angle glaucoma

The outcomes and complications of the coronavirus infection are of interest to specialists in many fields of medicine, including ophthalmologists.Purpose: to analyze the clinical features of ophthalmic complications in patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19.Materials and methods. Four patients aged 37 to 70 years with ophthalmic inflammatory complications with coronavirus infection were examined and treated.Results. In 2 cases, eye damage was observed in the acute phase of COVID infection. It included deep keratitis, iridocyclitis, and exacerbation of rhinosinusitis complicated by osteomyelitis, orbital phlegmon with loss of vision. In the remaining 2 cases, in the post-COVID period (2 and 5 months after the disease, respectively), acute dacryoadenitis with the dry eye syndrome and subacute episcleritis was observed. In addition to anti-COVID therapy, all patients underwent specific ophthalmic therapy, which in 1 case included surgical intervention.Conclusion. The cases presented demonstrate eye damage against the background of coronavirus infection with the involvement of various eye structures into the inflammatory process. The ophthalmological manifestations were severe, with complications in the acute phase of COVID and in the early post-COVID period. Clinical observations indicate the need for additional specific therapy of coronavirus infection complications, along with the basic anti-COVID treatment.

Background. The experience of using the like-SJMB03 therapeutic program is presented. The aim of this study was to assess the potential possibility of reducing the dose of craniospinal and local radiation therapy in the standard and high-risk group patients, and to identify clinical, therapeutic, morphological and molecular-biological factors that determine disease prognosis. Materials and methods. From 2008 till 2016 years 48 patients with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma were included in the study. In most cases (85%), localization of the primary tumor site was presented by a lesion of the cerebellar vermis with spread into the 4-th ventricle cavity. Gross total or near gross total resection of the primary tumor focus (R0 status) was achieved in 32 (66.7%) cases. The presence of a metastatic disease was established in 15 (31.2%) patients. Molecular biological characteristics of tumor samples were assessed using fluorescent hybridization in situ (FISH), Sanger PCR sequencing, and Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450/850K BeadChip. Risk group stratification was according to SJMB03 (standard risk group was defined as: R0, M0 status; high-risk group: R1M0 or R0/1M+). A distinctive feature of this protocol was a reduction of the craniospinal irradiation dose down to 36 Gy for patients with M2/M3 status (without additional irradiation of metastatic foci) and the local irradiation dose down to 54 Gy (regardless of R status). Results. In the standard risk group (R0M0), 5-year and 10-year EFS were 84.0±7.3% and 67.2±9.6%, 5-year and 10-year OS were 92.0±5.4% and 76.4±9.9%, in the high-risk group (R1M0): 5-year and 10-year EFS – 62.5±17.1% and 62.5±17.1%, 5-year and 10-year OS – 75.0±15.3% and 62.5±17.1%, in the high-risk group (R0/1M+): 5-year and 10-year EFS – 33.3±12.2% and 33.3±12.2%, 5-year and 10-year OS – 60.0±12.6% and 33.3±12.2%. Structure of events was presented by 15 disease recurrences (7 localized – 2 early, 5 late; 8 disseminated – 3 early, 5 late), 2 cases of disease progression, 2 cases of secondary tumors (in the first – osteosarcoma, in the second – glioblastoma) and 2 episodes of fatal septic complications. Most of the events were found in patients with a Group 4 tumor. Two peaks of the events were established in standard risk group (the first peak was within 2 years after the end of treatment program, mainly in the age group of 8 years and older, the second peak was within 3 years after the fifth year of observation, predominantly in the group from 3 to 7 years). CSI dose reduction down to 36 Gy for patients with M2/M3 status (without additional irradiation of metastatic foci) in the high-risk group led to a dramatic decrease of 5-year EFS. There was a trend towards a decrease in 5-year EFS and OS in patients aged 8 years and older, as well as in the presence of the C-MYC, N-MYC genes amplification, isochromosome 17q in tumor cells. Conclusion. Despite the accumulated experience, it is necessary to continue studying the relationship between age groups and the molecular biology of tumor cells in medulloblastoma.

During the last 30 years, unique international experience has been accumulated in the treatment of children with medulloblastoma, especially in the age group over 3 years. Evolutionary representations about one of the most well – known international protocols – SJMB (in versions since 1996 – SJMB96, since 2003 – SJMB03, since 2012 – SJMB12) are shown in this article. Innovative criteria for stratifying patients into risk groups were established according to clinical, therapeutic, morphological and molecular-biological prognostic factors. Despite the accumulated experience, it is necessary to continue studying the relationship between age groups and the molecular biology of tumor cells for the purpose of subsequent optimization of the treatment program.

The aim of our study was to perform hygienic assessment of use of electronic digital devices and its relationship with likely disorders of the visual analyzer in students of different age. Our research object is represented by students of different age (5th grade (n = 55), 11th grade (n = 67) and the 6th year of HEI (n = 102)). This study focused on examining a relationship between disorders of the visual analyzer and use of electronic digital devices (EDDs) by students of different ages (5th and 1th grades in school, 6th year in HEI). We conducted social research by using a group indirect survey that relied on a specifically designed questionnaire consisting of 13 questions. Answers were collected by using Google Forms online platform. Students were established to use a smartphone (99.6 % of the respondents) and / or laptop (83 %) in their everyday activities. We analyzed duration of an activity involving use of various devices and established that 95 % of the respondents did not adhere to the existing hygienic standards when using EDDs and spent more than 4 hours a day on using them. The regression analysis revealed an association between myopia development and simultaneous use of various EDDs (R2 = 0.68; р < 0.0001). A contribution made to developing eyesight disorders by working with a laptop equaled 62 % whereas contributions made by watching TV and use of smart-watch equaled 19 % and 10 % respectively. Our assessment of a relative risk established that use of a laptop (PC) for more than 4 hours a day increased likelihood of myopia by 8.6 times (RR = 8.6; 95 % CI = 1.4–54.9, р < 0.05). Development of other functional disorders in school students was primarily associated with watching TV (85–89 %). Therefore, our study findings provide more precise data on the established relationship between improper EDDs use and disorders of the visual analyzer in students of different age. They provide solid grounds for implementation of relevant prevention activities.

The study develops the speech acts theory in terms of the “condition of sincerity” (Searle 1965). It aims to identify the attitude to the speech act of promise in the Russian communicative culture. The article analyzes the statistically significant consolidation of the value and semantic attitude to the speech act of promise considered as a specific action. The data were drawn from the Russian-language corpus ruTenTen11, provided by the research resource Sketch Engine. The corpus linguistics methods were applied to extract a subcorpus of occurrences of the query “promise” (311,365 occurrences) which was used to identify the value and semantic attitude to it. The results showed that in the Russian language, the speech act of promise is perceived mainly negatively. The word “promise” is fused with the lexical and semantic field of the “empty word”. This contradicts the normatively fixed meanings of the word “promise” itself, as well as the essence of the speech act of promise. The “condition of sincerity” in relation to the speech act of promise is marginalized and becomes meaningless. The study showed that the methods of corpus linguistics open the prospect of clarifying the features of not only modern word usage, but also the linguistic and ethnocultural context of such large groups of statements as speech acts. The article contributes to the theory of speech acts in terms of identifying the essential features of the “common ground” (Clark Carlson 1982) of the participants in communication, as well as contributing to the development of linguistic axiology. The proposed methods can be used to identify the attitude to other speech acts in Russia and other linguistic communities. The results can be used in teaching Russian as a second language.

The article for the first time considers the most active form of modern Tatar poetry - “ozyn shigyr”. It is noted that this form is not identical to the “long poem”, it has oriental roots. In Tatar literature, “ozyn shigyr” with its unique thematic and aesthetic features was formed in the 1920s and 1930s in the era of experiments to create “new poetry of the revolutionary time”. The revealed features of the genre “ozyn shigyr” of this period are a contextual background for studying the functioning of this form in modern Tatar poetry. The focus is on the work of the young poet Lilia Gibadullina, the author of three poetry collections. In her work, “ozyn shigyr” occupies a leading place, the analysis of her most famous poems to the modern Tatar reader allows us to determine the structural, figurative and motivational features, aesthetic attitudes, artistic preferences of the genre. So, in “ozyn shigyr” by L. Gibadullina, the main place is occupied by existential-evaluative motives. The lyrical heroine analyzes the events of her life, and repeated symbols or symbolic images turn them into the history of the people, the country, humanity in general. Among the identified techniques, the flickering of motives and intertextual dialogue are important, with the help of which a multiplicity of contexts and meanings is created. Thus, it is established that the genre of “ozyn shigyr” in modern Tatar poetry has its own characteristics that arise in dialogue with the traditions of Tatar poetry and make its form different from the “long poem”.

A.Sh. Zagidullina1, V.U. Galimova1, A.I. Arslanova1,2, A.R. Nugmanova1 1Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation 2City Clinical Hospital No. 8, Ufa, Russian Federation Aim: to evaluate macular microcirculation in patients with early newly diagnosed normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with elevated IOP using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Patients and Methods: patients aged 45–65 years with early newly diagnosed NTG (35 patients, 35 eyes) or POAG with elevated IOP (43 patients, 43 eyes) and healthy individuals without ocular disorders (n=50) were examined. All patients underwent OCTA by measuring vascular density (VD, %) using the ETDRS grid (central Fovea and Parafovea) and retinal thick-ness using the Angio Retina 3.0 protocol of the Optovue XR Avanti with the AngioVue function (Optovue, USA). Results: in patients with NTG and POAG, a decrease in vascular density in the superficial choroid plexus was detected. In patients with NTG, retinal thickness in the Fovea, Parafovea, Inferior, and Nasal quadrants was lower than that in the control group and correlated with VD in the Fovea and superior Parafovea of the superficial choroid plexus. The severity of focal losses of the retinal ganglion cell complex was lower than that in the control group and demonstrated a significant weak negative correlation (r=-0.487, p Conclusion: OCTA revealed a decrease in vascular density in the superficial choroid plexus in early glaucoma. Moreover, a significant difference between NTG and POAG in the Fovea and Parafovea was revealed. Our study established the predominance of vascular changes in patients with NTG. OCTA parameters of the superficial choroid plexus identify microcircula-tion abnormalities at early glaucomatous damage. Keywords: primary open-angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma, OCT, optical coher-ence tomography angiography, vascular density index. For citation: Zagidullina A.Sh., Galimova V.U., Arslanova A.I., Nugmanova A.R. Diagnostic value of macular blood flow in normal tension glaucoma. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(4):174–180 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-4-1.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 is a rare life-threatening immunopathological complication of COVID-19 that develops 1-6 weeks after the acute coronavirus infection. MIS-C is characterized by fever and multiorgan inflammation.We present a clinical case of a 10-year-old boy with skin lesions at the onset of MIS-C (erythematous malar rash, lacelike rash on the trunk and extremities and petechiae) with macrophage activation syndrome development and the early stage of primary Epstein-Barr virus infection (EBV infection) which required the exclusion of X-linked lymphoproliferative disease.This clinical case demonstrates the complexity of diagnosis in MIS-C with skin manifestations at the onset of the disease, especially with concurrent activation of other infections, particularly EBV infection.

Introduction Changes in the attitude of modern society to the intimate sphere - the increasing emancipation of women, their desire for equality with men, including in sexual life, significantly changes the nature of the sexual behavior of young women, which is becoming less dependent on the presence of common myths and stereotypes Objectives To identify the features of the sexual behavior of senior university students Methods One hundred seventy two senior students of the Ural State Medical University aged 20 to 24 years (average age 21±3.15) attended an anonymous online survey using the Google Forms platform. The author’s questionnaire developed at the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Narcology together with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of USMU and included 51 questions. Results To the question “Are you brought up in the belief that there is nothing shameful in sex?” answered in the affirmative by 63.0% (108 people) of female students. Most of them 94.0% (162 people) consider it possible to have sexual relations before marriage – “Yes, this corresponds to the norms of modern society.” The age of onset of sexual activity for this sample was 17.5 years. Extreme deviations from the median norm: 14 years - 4.0% (7 people); 23 years old – 2.0% (3 people). To the question “What is your attitude towards representatives of non-traditional sexual orientation?” the answers were distributed as follows: neutral attitude 72.0%, (92 people); 22.0% (28 people) expressed a positive attitude; negative - only - 6.0% (7 people). The study showed that the sexual behavior of young women - university students is determined mainly by intimate and personal attitudes, due to the specifics of society, cultural context, individual and personal characteristics. Conclusions Based on the identified trends, the features of the sexual behavior of young women - senior students of the university become more definite and predictable. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

The article is of an overview and theoretical nature, and its subject is the active processes in the language of modern Russian mass media, caused by the democratization of society, especially in connection with the restructuring of the state and political system that took place in the countries of Eastern Europe in the 1990s. Based on scientific publications, as well as on empirical material (modern journalistic text), the authors systematize socio-cultural processes (within the framework of the general trend towards democratization) that have influenced and continue to influence the language of the media: the social construction of reality and the engagement of the media, the polarization of social groups and formations, the displacement of the transmission model of media functioning by the interaction model, the phenomenon of echo chambers. In connection with the influence of the socio-political factor, the authors note the most important dynamic processes in the language of the media, such as depatetization of the language clichs of the era of totalitarianism, neosemantization, the growth of vocabulary related to the sphere of consumerism, the activation of means serving the sphere of dialogical relations, overcoming an overly complex nature the language system, etc. It has been shown that the transition to a model of interaction between the media (with political, religious, public organizations, corporations - on the one hand, and the consumer community - on the other hand) caused the social engagement of media discourses, which in its the queue has caused the growth of labeling, evaluative and expressive text elements. Another important trend is associated with the phenomenon of echo chambers - its reflexes in the language of the media are the specialization of vocabulary and a decrease in the degree of grammaticalization of messages. The aspects of democratization of the language of the media presented in the article in the future can serve as parameters in accordance with which media monitoring can be carried out, including elements of a linguo-critical nature.

Measurement(s) Geographic Distribution Technology Type(s) digital curation Factor Type(s) country Sample Characteristic - Environment primary forest Sample Characteristic - Location Europe Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14540625

Background. During the past 20 years, some large international studies have been conducted that evaluated the effectiveness of treatment programs for children with medulloblastoma. At the same time, in the standard risk group, fairly high rates of 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were achieved, which amounted to 85% and 80%, respectively. At the present time some risk-adaptive therapeutic programs are developed according to molecular-biological features of tumor cells and possibility of chemotherapy and craniospinal radiation (CSI) therapy dose reduction. Materials and methods. From 2008 to 2018 fifty one pediatric patients with primary diagnosed medulloblastoma in the age group 318 years were included in trial, 38 in standard risk group, 13 in high risk group (without metastatic disease). Treatment program consisted of surgical removal of the primary tumor site with subsequent chemotherapy (with high-dose cyclophosphamide or thiophosphamide) and radiation therapy (with CSI of 23.4 Gy or 36 Gy, depending on the risk group). In order to detect morphological and molecular biological distinctive features of tumor cells, the following criteria were evaluated: histological variant, molecular subgroup, methyltransferase status by DNMT and MGMT proteins expression, presence of C-MYC/N-MYC gene amplification, Iso17q and TP53 gene mutation. Results. As a result of this study, sufficiently high rates of overall survival and progression/relapse-free survival (PRFS) were achieved in standard and high-risk groups patients, which amounted to 76.08.8% and 83.310.8% with median follow-up 62.96.2 months and 52.27.8 months, respectively. There was revealed patients group in the age 37 years with 100% PRFS and median follow-up 66.98.9 months. At the same time, morphological and molecular biological factors of an unfavorable outcome of the disease were absent in the tumor samples (large cell anaplastic histology, C-MYC/N-MYC gene amplification, Iso17q and TP53 gene mutation). We have also achieved 100% PRFS in patients with desmoplastic tumor histology and in patients, who were treated with thiphosphamide-based chemotherapy regimen. Molecular-biological characteristics analysis of tumor cells showed a negative effect on PRFS of DNMT-positive status (Score 4, by 3 markers) and presence of N-MYC gene amplification (SHH molecular subgroup). Conclusion. There was identified a group of patients aged 3 to 7 years, for whom the possibility for reducing of CSR dose down to 18 Gy opens. Understanding of tumor cells methyltransferase status creates the prerequisites for using of epigenetic demethylating therapy. It is necessary more observations to assess the effect of the chemotherapy regimen with high-dose thiophosphamide on the PRFS.

This paper describes the study of corona electrets made of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) laminate film with an aluminum oxide nanolayer with a protective coating based on acrylic copolymers. Those films showed rather high and stable electret properties. Furthermore, dipole polarization prevailed at the acrylic layer due to the orientation of oxygen-containing groups of atoms and macromolecular segments under the corona discharge, while injected charge carriers were located predominantly in polyethylene terephthalate layer at interfaces of both PET-aluminum oxide and amorphous-crystalline regions of the polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to modern reconfigurations of the literary process and literature (as a kind of art), experienced in literary criticism as the decline of literature (the thesis “we have no literature” as a statement of the degradation of an art form). The article provides an overview of reflection on this process on Russian “thick journals” (with the emphasis on the position of the well-known Russian critic Anna Kuznetsova), as well as the author’s view on the general transitional state of Russian modern literature.

In the article specifics of the vanguard phenomena in the Tatar poetry of 1960-s are revealed. On material of the analysis of the extensive case of works of R. Gatash, S. Khakeem, R. Fayzulin, Rob. Akhmetzyanov, etc. it is established that vanguard literature is created with adressing to the prepared reader and characterized by such lines as intellectuality and philosophicality. It is oppositional in relation to official ideology and reflects critical evaluation of the orders existing in the country by means of Aesopian language, expansion of semantic range of traditional images, uses of methods of symbolical typification. The typological community with “historical vanguard” in the Russian literature of the same period is revealed and processes of national and cultural identification of literary and art systems are characterized. Concepts “home ground”, “the people (nation)”, “our past” became the key categories of vanguard in the Tatar poetry of the middle of the XX century promoting creation of new contours of the literature.

Purpose: to study a correlation between morphometric parameters of the eye and tonometry data, taking into account viscoelastic properties of the cornea in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), as well as in practically healthy individuals using different methods of tonometry. Patients and Methods. Correlations between morphometric parameters of the eye and tonometry data were studied in view of viscoelastic properties of the cornea in 51 patients with POAG who were observed at the “Optimed” Laser Vision Recovery Center in Ufa (99 eyes) and in 31 practically healthy individuals (62 eyes). Various methods of tonometry were used: tonometry according to Maklakov, contactless tonometry, tonometry with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA, Reichert Inc., USA), as well as ultrasound echobiometry, pachymetry. Results. The CH and CRF parameters reflecting the biomechanical properties of the corneoscleral membrane of the eye were close in value to each other with a high degree of positive correlation in the control group (ρ = 0.783, p < 0.001), with an average correlation in the group with POAG (ρ = 0.545, p < 0.001). In eyes with POAG, a negative CH correlation of average degree with corneal-compensated IOP (ρ = -0.572, p < 0.001), a negative CRF correlation of moderate degree with IOP by the Maklakov method (ρ = -0.346, p < 0.001) and corneal-compensated IOP with dynamic bi-directional applanation tonometry (ρ = -0.327, p = 0.001), low correlation with IOP using contactless tonometry (ρ = 0.243, p < 0.015) were observed. In the group of patients with POAG, a positive average correlation was found between the central thickness of the cornea and CRF (ρ = 0.398, p < 0.001), and CH (ρ = 0.368, p < 0.001), low correlation with IOP using contactless tonometry (ρ = 0.266, p = 0.008). Conclusion. Correlations of biomechanical properties of the corneoscleral membrane and morphometric parameters of the eye in patients with POAG were revealed using different methods of tonometry. In the group of patients with POAG and in the control group, positive correlations of the central thickness of the cornea with the IOP level in tonometry were determined by the contactless method, as well as with the main ORA parameters reflecting the visco-elastic properties of the fibrous membrane of the eye — the corneal resistance factor, corneal hysteresis.

Purpose. To study tonometry parameters features, measured by different methods, taking into account individual morphometric eye parameters and biomechanical properties of the corneoscleral shell in patients with the initial and the advanced stages of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).Material and methods. 51 patients (99 eyes) aged 48–82, with the initial (45 eyes) and advanced stages (54 eyes) of POAG were examined. The control group consisted of 31 patients (62 eyes) aged 47–83 without ophthalmic pathology. In addition to standard ophthalmologic examination, tonometry was performed using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA, Reichert Inc., the USA).Results. The main tonometry parameters of ORA revealed significant differences between POAG patients and the control group. No significant difference in the central corneal thickness (CCT) was found between the POAG and the control group. Patients with I and II stages of glaucoma taken separately showed differences in CCT and tonometry parameters.Conclusion. Dynamic bi-directional applanation tonometry enables to take into account the changes in viscoelastic properties of the corneoscleral eye shell, and definitely has diagnostic advantages in examining patients with various stages of POAG.