Search

Poly( N-vinyl pyrrolidone- co- n-butyl methacrylate) P(NVP- co- nBMA) copolymers containing high N-vinyl pyrrolidone content were crosslinked to increase their hydro-stable nature for controlled drug delivery. Diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) were used as crosslinkers. The effect of crosslinker concentration and functionality on gel content, thermal stability and water uptake at 37 °C was investigated. The gel contents and thermal stability increased while water uptake decreased with increasing concentration and functionality of crosslinker. The copolymer crosslinked by TMPTMA showed good mechanical properties. The porous network structure of the copolymers was confirmed by scanning electron microscopic studies. Dexamethasone was selected as a model drug and its controlled release was observed for 22 days from TMPTMA crosslinked copolymer (NB91-T2) film, whereas 96 % drug was released in 35 days for DEGDMA crosslinked copolymer (NB91-D2) film. The kinetics of 10 h drug release identified first-order drug release for NB91-D2 and Higuchi kinetics for NB91-T2. The initial 60 % drug release followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. These results indicate the future application of NB91-D2 and NB91-T2 copolymer films as a drug carrier for implant coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A copolymer system with controlled hydrophilicity has been prepared through copolymerization technique and its capability as controlled drug release carrier is investigated. The effect of copolymer composition on water uptake, thermal properties, and morphology is reported. The water uptake increases with increasing N-vinyl pyrrolidone content and diffusion of water molecules appears to be non-Fickian. Dexamethasone has been selected as model drug and its controlled release from selected water stable copolymers follows for more than 1 month. Initial burst release of more than 50% occurs in 7 days. The remaining drug is released in a sustained way upto 37 days. Initial 10 h drug release pattern involves first-order kinetics (NH73) and zero-order kinetics (NH55), whereas initial 60% drug release mechanism appears to be non-Fickian for NH73 (n = 0.71) and Case II transport (n = 1.24) for NH55. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C25H16N2O7, contains two half-molecules both of which are located on twofold rotation axes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mol­ecules of the title compound, C14H12N2O6, are located on centres of inversion. The mol­ecule is essentially planar, with the exception of the nitro group, which is twisted slightly out of the plane of the remaining atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C13H14N2O2, there are one complete mol­ecule and two half-mol­ecules; in each of the latter a twofold rotation axis passes through the central C atom. In the crystal structure, a three-dimensional network is formed though inter­molecular N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blister agents damage the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and subcutaneous tissues. Other toxic effects may occur after absorption. The response of the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) to a request from the OPCW Director-General in 2013 on the status of medical countermeasures and treatments to blister agents is updated through the incorporation of the latest information. The physical and toxicological properties of sulfur mustard and clinical effects and treatments are summarised. The information should assist medics and emergency responders who may be unfamiliar with the toxidrome of sulfur mustard and its treatment., (Crown Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) has provided advice on assistance and protection in relation to the Chemical Weapons Convention. In this, the first of several papers describing the SAB's work on this topic, we describe advice given in response to questions from the OPCW Director-General in 2013 and 2014 on the status of available medical countermeasures and treatments to organophosphorus nerve agents. This paper provides the evidence base for this advice which recommended to the OPCW pretreatments, emergency care, and long-term treatments that were available at the time of the request for this class of chemical warfare agent (CWA). It includes a bibliography of over 140 scientific references, which can be used as a platform for watching future medical countermeasure developments. The information provided in this paper should serve as a valuable reference for medical professionals and emergency responders who may have no knowledge of the symptoms and treatment options of exposure to nerve agents., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) has provided advice in relation to the Chemical Weapons Convention on assistance and protection. We present the SAB's response to a request from the OPCW Director-General in 2014 for information on the best practices for preventing and treating the health effects from acute, prolonged, and repeated organophosphorus nerve agent (NA) exposure. The report summarises pre- and post-exposure treatments, and developments in decontaminants and adsorbing materials, that at the time of the advice, were available for NAs. The updated information provided could assist medics and emergency responders unfamiliar with treatment and decontamination options related to exposure to NAs. The SAB recommended that developments in research on medical countermeasures and decontaminants for NAs should be monitored by the OPCW, and used in assistance and protection training courses and workshops organised through its capacity building programmes., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Compounds that cause powerful sensory irritation to humans were reviewed by the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in response to requests in 2014 and 2017 by the OPCW Director-General to advise which riot control agents (RCAs) might be subject to declaration under the Chemical Weapons Convention (the "Convention"). The chemical and toxicological properties of 60 chemicals identified from a survey by the OPCW of RCAs that had been researched or were available for purchase, and additional chemicals recognised by the SAB as having potential RCA applications, were considered. Only 17 of the 60 chemicals met the definition of a RCA under the Convention. These findings were provided to the States Parties of the Convention to inform the implementation of obligations pertaining to RCAs under this international chemical disarmament and non-proliferation treaty., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)