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8. Students' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Solar Ultraviolet Exposure in Karachi, Pakistan.

Author

Zafar, Mubashir, Zaidi, Tafazzul Hyder, Zaidi, Nadira Hyder, Nisar Ahmed, Muhammad Waqas, Memon, Sobia, Ahmed, Faheem, Saleem, Yusra, Rehman, Zuhaa, Akhlaq, Anabia, Khan, Sana Sajjad, Saleem, Sana, and Zaidi, Rehan

Subjects
*SUNSHINE, *ULTRAVIOLET radiation, *ATTITUDE (Psychology), *CLUSTER sampling, *LOGISTIC regression analysis
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) from the sun is a significant environmental component that impacts on human health. Excessive UVR exposure has immediate impacts like burning and tanning, as well as long-term consequences including skin damage, photo-aging, skin malignancies. The objective for this study is to determine the student's knowledge, attitude and practice regarding solar ultraviolet exposure in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done in Public Sector University; total 361 students were recruited through stratified cluster sampling from different colleges of university. Data collection was done by validated structured questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of outcome variables with risk factors and p-value of <0.05 as a threshold of statistical analysis. RESULTS: Most of the students were appropriate knowledge (71%), positive attitude (51%) and safe practice (54%) regarding ultraviolet solar exposure. Almost half (69%) of participants were used sun protective agents. After adjustment of covariate, female gender (OR 2.20 (95% CI 1.29-4.07) (p-value 0.004), significantly associated with in-appropriate knowledge, third year students (OR 2.93 (95% CI 1.01-8.95) p-value 0.048) were significantly associated with negative attitude. Age group 18-21 years (OR 1.75(95% CI 1.43-5.31) p-value 0.003) were significantly associated with un-safe practice regarding solar ultraviolet exposure harmful effects. CONCLUSION: This study found that knowledge level was appropriate but attitude and practice level need to improve for prevention of harmful effects of solar ultra violet ray exposure. The study encourages students to be more aware of sun protection behavior in order to avoid the long-term effects of sun exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. A cross-sectional study of community knowledge of the effects of active cigarette smoking on respiratory disease and its risk factors in Hail, KSA

Author

Alam Shahid, Syed Monowar, primary, Ginawi, Tarig, additional, Zafar, Mubashir, additional, Bashir, Abdelhafiz Ibrahim, additional, Mohammed Faiyaz, Syed Shah, additional, Kausar, Mohd Adnan, additional, Hussain, Malik Asif, additional, Alramadan, Mohammed, additional, and Alsokih, Naif, additional

Published
2023
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13. Lifestyle Determinants Associated with Tinnitus among Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Author

Zafar, Mubashir and Alotaibi, Abdullah D.

Subjects
*TINNITUS, *YOUNG adults, *SENSORINEURAL hearing loss, *ALCOHOL drinking
Abstract

Background: Sensorineural hearing loss (tinnitus) is common among young adults. There are different medical determinants which caused tinnitus symptoms, but lifestyle determinant is an important cause of tinnitus. This study determines the relationship between lifestyle determinants with tinnitus among adults through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The study design for this study is a systematic review and meta-analysis; different search engines were used for the literature review: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed/MEDLINE. Those article in which tinnitus caused by tumors, syndrome and medical or surgical caused were excluded. Data synthesis was done, and a total of 10 studies were pooled. Results: Smoking more than four times (odds ratio [OR]: 4.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-4.45), alcohol consumption 27% less likely (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.03-0.96), obesity two times more likely (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.71-5.20), and leisure noise exposure more than one time more likely (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.05-3.78) were significantly associated with tinnitus. Conclusion: There is enough evidence that lifestyle determinants (smoking, obesity, and leisure noise exposure) are related to tinnitus. This study highlights the knowledge gap in association of tinnitus with lifestyle determinants and it will help the future direction of research in this domain of tinnitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Knowledge and attitude regarding HIV/AIDS in general population of Northern region of Saudi Arabia.

Author

Zafar, Mubashir, Shahid, Syed Monwar Alam, Alazmmy, Abdul Aziz, Altarjami, Mohammed Hammed, Alswaidan, Mohammed Ayedh, Alasiri, Abdul Rehman, Alshammari, Hammed Ali, and Aziz, Abdullah

Abstract

Introduction: Gap in knowledge and fear of infection with negative attitude towards human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are common in different cities across Saudi Arabia. The objectives of this study were to determine knowledge and attitude regarding HIV/AIDS among general population in Hail, Northern city in Saudi Arabia. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among general population of Hail, Northern city of Saudi Arabia. A total of 388 participants were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling from different districts of the city. A validated and structured questionnaire was used to determine the knowledge and attitude levels, and logistic regression analysis was applied to define the association of knowledge and attitude levels with sociodemographic characteristics. A p-value < 0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 388 study participants, the majority presented inappropriate knowledge (42.5%) and negative attitude (54.4%). In univariate analysis, age group of 16-25 years and unmarried (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.27-2.92%, p = 0.002; and OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.23-2.92%, p = 0.003, respectively) were significantly associated with inappropriate knowledge level. Age group of 16-25 years, unmarried, and female gender (OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.77-3.86.92%, p = 0.000; OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.22-2.76%, p = 0.003; and OR: 2.42; 95% CI: 1.56-3.74%, p = 0.000, respectively) were significantly associated with negative attitude towards HIV/AIDS. After adjustment of covariates, age group of 16-25 years and female gender (OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.25-5.14%, p = 0.009; and OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.56-3.30%, p = 0.001, respectively) were significantly associated with negative attitude toward HIV/AIDS. Conclusions: The present study found that general population had negative attitude toward HIV/AIDS. Extensive health education campaign should be provided to the vulnerable groups of the society for rationale control and management of HIV/AIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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29. Association of thyroid disorders with diabetes: A cross-sectional study

Author

ZAFAR, MUBASHIR, primary, SHAHID, SYED MONWAR ALAM, additional, ALSHAMMARI, REEM FALAH, additional, KAUSAR, MOHD ADNAN, additional, GINAWI, TARIG A. N., additional, HATIM, ABDUL WAHAB, additional, WADI, ABDUL MAJEED, additional, ALI, HAMAD, additional, HAMED, ABDUL AZIZ, additional, AL-ZAHRANI, MOATH SALEH, additional, HUSSAIN, ALI, additional, ALDUHAIM, ABDULAZIZ SAUD, additional, and MOHAMMED, ABDULMAJEED, additional

Published
2022
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33. Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Pollutants and Health Impact around Fuel Stations in Urban Cities of KSA

Author

Zafar, Mubashir, Zaidi, Syed Tafazzul H, Husain, Syed Shajee, Bukhari, Noreen M., Zafar, Mubashir, Zaidi, Syed Tafazzul H, Husain, Syed Shajee, and Bukhari, Noreen M.

Subjects
sub_healthsciences, xylenes, benzene, Air, Notice of Retraction, Medicine, pollution, toluene, Original Article, complex mixtures, fuel
Abstract

\ud Background: In Saudi Arabia, fuel dispensing facilities commonly present around the residential\ud places, educational institutions, and various health care facilities. Fuel pollutants such as benzene,\ud toluene, and xylenes (BTX) and its alkyl derivatives are harmful to human health because of their\ud toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic properties. The aim of this study was to determine the BTX\ud concentration levels of common pollutants in and around fuel stations and their harmful health effects\ud in the urban cites of KSA. Methods: Forty fuel dispensing facilities were randomly selected on the\ud basis of three different areas: residential, traffic intersection, and petrol pump locations (refueling\ud stations). Portable ambient analyzer was used for measuring BTX concentration. t‑test was applied\ud to determine the difference between these different areas. Results: All mean concentration values\ud of pollutants such as BTX around residential, traffic intersection, and fuel stations are exceeding\ud the limits of air quality standards values (P < 0.01). The mean levels of benzene are 10.3 and 11.07\ud ppm in Dammam and Khobar, respectively, and they exceed the reference level of 0.5 ppm. Hazard\ud quotient was more than >1, which shows that carcinogenic probability has increased those who were\ud living and working near fuel stations. Conclusions: The results found that the high concentration\ud of pollutants (BTX) is in the environment around fuel stations. The environmental contamination\ud associated with BTX in petrol fuel stations impulses the necessity of preventive programs to reduce\ud the further air quality deterioration and reduce the harmful health effects.\ud Keywords: Air, benzene, fuel, pollution, toluene, xylenes

Published
2020

37. Antiglycation potential of plant based TiO2 nanoparticle in D‐ribose glycated BSA in vitro.

Author

Alenazi, Fahaad, Saleem, Mohd, Syed Khaja, Azharuddin Sajid, Zafar, Mubashir, Alharbi, Mohammed Salem, Al Hagbani, Turki, Khan, Mohd Yasir, Ahmad, Waseem, and Ahmad, Saheem

Subjects
FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy, SCANNING electron microscopes, CYTOSKELETAL proteins, ULTRAVIOLET-visible spectroscopy, ADVANCED glycation end-products, ANTIGLYCATION agents
Abstract

Biosynthetic procedure is one of the best alternatives, inexpensive and ecologically sound for the synthesis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles using a methanolic extract of medicinal plant. The main prospect of this study was to investigate the antiglycation activity of the TiO2 nanoparticles (TNP) prepared by ethanolic leaf extract of the Coleus scutellarioides. In this study, biosynthesized TNP characterized with UV‐Visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. These TNP were further investigated with respect to their antiglycation property and it was checked in the mixture of d‐ribose glycated bovine serum albumin (BSA) by measuring ketoamine, carbonyl content, Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and aggregation of protein instigated by glycation process. The inhibitory effect of TNP to restore the structure of BSA in presence of d‐ribose were also characterize by biophysical techniques mentioned above. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest repurposing of TNP for its antiglycation property that could be helpful in prevention of glycation instigated AGEs formation and structural loss of proteins. Significance statement: Provide a low cost green synthesis method for the synthesis of biologically active titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles.Provide the structural characterization of green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles (TNP).An insight to identify the TNP as significant glycation inhibitor.Study suggest antiglycation potential detection of plant based TNP as possible therapeutic invention for hyperglycemia assisted diabetes and associated diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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38. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception towards COVID-19 Vaccine among the General Population in the Hail Province, KSA

Author

Khaja, Azharuddin Sajid Syed, primary, Zafar, Mubashir, primary, Al-Shammari, Meshari, primary, Al-Shammary, Khaled, primary, Al-Rabie, Abdulaziz, primary, Al-Tamimi, Abdulaziz, primary, Al-Juhani, Abdullah, primary, Al-Harbi, Abdulrahman, primary, Al-Nabri, Akram, primary, Al-Sulami, Lafi, primary, Al-Enazi, Sami, primary, Al-Rashidi, Yasser, primary, Al-Shammari, Ziyad, primary, Ali, Syed Abrar, primary, and Saleem, Mohd., primary

Published
2021
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39. Sleep Disorders Among Undergraduate Health Students in Bristol, United Kingdom

Author

Zafar, Mubashir and Ansari, Khaled

Subjects
education, Daytime, Medical, Narcolepsy, Sleep, Students
Abstract

Daytime Sleepiness and poor sleep quality are common among medical students. The objective of study is to determine the prevalence of daytime sleepiness and sleep quality and associated risk factors among medical students in medical college, in Bristol, United Kingdom. It was a cross-sectional study and 153 medical students were selected through stratified random sampling techniques. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess the sleep pattern and Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to measure daytime sleepiness. Association of sleep quality and daytime sleepiness and its risk factors were determined through regression analysis. Students suffering from severe disorder of sleep quality was 21.6% and severe daytime sleepiness 3.9%. In multivariate analysis after adjustment of covariates, in daytime sleepiness, male gender (OR.1.33, CI 1.06-3.04) [p-value 0.040] and those students who smoke cigarettes [OR 4.65, (CI 1.48-5.14) [p-value 0.018] were more likely associated with severe daytime sleepiness disorder. In Sleep quality disorder, those students who had low academic score [OR 3.13(CI 1.28-4.87) [p-value 0.035] and those students who smoke cigarettes [OR 3.04 (CI 2.34-4.29) [p-value 0.010] were more than likely associated with severe sleep quality disorder. Majority of students suffered from poor sleep quality and day time sleepiness. Male gender, smoking, academic score and academic years was the major predictor for poor sleep quality and day time sleepiness. There is need for awareness and counselling among student for reduced the sleep disorder burden., Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol 8, No 3 (2020)

Published
2020
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40. Sleep disorders among undergraduate health students in Bristol, United Kingdom

Author

Ansari, Khalid and Zafar, Mubashir

Subjects
Biomedical Sciences, Health & Wellbeing
Abstract

Daytime Sleepiness and poor sleep quality are common among medical students. The objective of study is to determine the prevalence of daytime sleepiness and sleep quality and associated risk factors among medical students in medical college, in Bristol, United Kingdom. It was a cross-sectional study and 153 medical students were selected through stratified random sampling techniques. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess the sleep pattern and Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to measure daytime sleepiness. Association of sleep quality and daytime sleepiness and its risk factors were determined through regression analysis. Students suffering from severe disorder of sleep quality was 21.6% and severe daytime sleepiness 3.9%. In multivariate analysis after adjustment of covariates, in daytime sleepiness, male gender (OR.1.33, CI 1.06-3.04) [p-value 0.040] and those students who smoke cigarettes [OR 4.65, (CI 1.48-5.14) [p-value 0.018] were more likely associated with severe daytime sleepiness disorder. In Sleep quality disorder, those students who had low academic score [OR 3.13(CI 1.28-4.87) [p-value 0.035] and those students who smoke cigarettes [OR 3.04 (CI 2.34-4.29) [p-value 0.010] were more than likely associated with severe sleep quality disorder. Majority of students suffered from poor sleep quality and day time sleepiness. Male gender, smoking, academic score and academic years was the major predictor for poor sleep quality and day time sleepiness. There is need for awareness and counselling among student for reduced the sleep disorder burden.

Published
2020

44. Heat Stress among Steel Workers in Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia

Author

Alshammary, Nofal Falah; Jubail General Hospital, Al Jubail City, Eastern Province, Salama, Khaled F.; Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Zafar, Mubashir; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Alshammary, Nofal Falah; Jubail General Hospital, Al Jubail City, Eastern Province, Salama, Khaled F.; Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, and Zafar, Mubashir; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam

Abstract

Background: Workers working in the steel industry has commonly exposed to heat which lead to health risk. The objective of this study was to assess heat stress among steel production workers. Materials and Methods: It is a cross sectional study, 186 workers were selected through simple random sampling. There are two groups of workers staff and line production. The Wet Bulb Global Temperature (WBGT) index was measured from Heat Stress Monitor (Casella Micro herm WBGT) and Heat Strain Score Index (HSSI). Spearmen correlation for determine the correlation between WBGT and HSSI and association between risk factors and HSSI determined through logistic regression. Results: The mean and SD values of the wet bulb global temperature was 32.46 (2.01) and these values exceed Threshold Limit Values (TLV by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) standard and HSSI scores showed that 24.3% of the exposed workers were in red dangerous zone (severe heat strain). The WBGT and HSSI values are positively correlated (r = 0.85) (P = 0.001). Risk factors associated with heat stress after adjustment are age 19-35 years (OR 6.07, CI 1.78-21.90), years of experience >10 years (OR 4.67. CI 1.23-18.42), ever smoking (OR 1.58, CI 1.08-4.57) and overweight (OR 1.56, CI 1.20-12.48). Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that heat stress is common hazard among steel workers and the heat conservation planning intervention action should be conducted to reduce exposure.

Published
2020

45. Air Pollution from Traffic at Major Causeway Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia

Author

Salama, Khaled F.; Assistant professor at Environmental Health department, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Zafar, Mubashir; Assistant Professor, Department Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Alrabea, Dulaim Abdullah; Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Alqahtani, Abdullah Ali; Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Almarghoub, Suhaib Abdulaziz; Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Alshehri, Ali Abdullah; Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Salama, Khaled F.; Assistant professor at Environmental Health department, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Zafar, Mubashir; Assistant Professor, Department Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Alrabea, Dulaim Abdullah; Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Alqahtani, Abdullah Ali; Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Almarghoub, Suhaib Abdulaziz; Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, and Alshehri, Ali Abdullah; Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University

Abstract

Introduction: Causeway is providing a road link between travelers from Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. The vehicle traffic noise and emissions exhaust at Causeway have a significant effect on air quality parameters which leads to deteriorations impact on health of employees and passengers. The present study aimed to analyze the ambient air pollutants PM10, PM2.5, PM1, O3, CO2, SO2, CO, VOCs, and NO2, ambient noise and heat stress in and around causeway. Materials and Methods: All gaseous, particulate air pollutants, meteorological factors, ambient noise and heat stress were analyzed using standards calibrated equipment. July 2019 to October 2019 the study incused seven administrative sites in King Fahd causeway (Saudi Side). Air Quality Index (AQI) was used to determine the concentrations of selected ambient air pollutants. Results: All major air pollutants were high and significant difference in the concentration level between weekdays and weekends (p<0.05) and exceeds the international air quality guidelines in the selected studied sites of causeways. However, ambient noise demonstrated high significant levels in different studied sites in different times (p<0.05). Conclusion: Air quality measures in Causeway are significantly deteriorated and should be continuously evaluated to minimize the risk of daily exposure to traffic emissions.

Published
2020

46. Air Pollution from Traffic at Major Causeway Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia

Author

Salama, Khaled F., Zafar, Mubashir, Alrabea, Dulaim Abdullah, Alqahtani, Abdullah Ali, Almarghoub, Suhaib Abdulaziz, Alshehri, Ali Abdullah, Salama, Khaled F., Zafar, Mubashir, Alrabea, Dulaim Abdullah, Alqahtani, Abdullah Ali, Almarghoub, Suhaib Abdulaziz, and Alshehri, Ali Abdullah

Abstract

Introduction: Causeway is providing a road link between travelers from Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. The vehicle traffic noise and emissions exhaust at Causeway have a significant effect on air quality parameters which leads to deteriorations impact on health of employees and passengers. The present study aimed to analyze the ambient air pollutants PM10, PM2.5, PM1, O3, CO2, SO2, CO, VOCs, and NO2, ambient noise and heat stress in and around causeway. Materials and Methods: All gaseous, particulate air pollutants, meteorological factors, ambient noise and heat stress were analyzed using standards calibrated equipment. July 2019 to October 2019 the study incused seven administrative sites in King Fahd causeway (Saudi Side). Air Quality Index (AQI) was used to determine the concentrations of selected ambient air pollutants. Results: All major air pollutants were high and significant difference in the concentration level between weekdays and weekends (p<0.05) and exceeds the international air quality guidelines in the selected studied sites of causeways. However, ambient noise demonstrated high significant levels in different studied sites in different times (p<0.05). Conclusion: Air quality measures in Causeway are significantly deteriorated and should be continuously evaluated to minimize the risk of daily exposure to traffic emissions.

Published
2020

47. Heat Stress among Steel Workers in Al Jubail, Saudi Arabia

Author

Alshammary, Nofal Falah, Salama, Khaled F., Zafar, Mubashir, Alshammary, Nofal Falah, Salama, Khaled F., and Zafar, Mubashir

Abstract

Background: Workers working in the steel industry has commonly exposed to heat which lead to health risk. The objective of this study was to assess heat stress among steel production workers. Materials and Methods: It is a cross sectional study, 186 workers were selected through simple random sampling. There are two groups of workers staff and line production. The Wet Bulb Global Temperature (WBGT) index was measured from Heat Stress Monitor (Casella Micro herm WBGT) and Heat Strain Score Index (HSSI). Spearmen correlation for determine the correlation between WBGT and HSSI and association between risk factors and HSSI determined through logistic regression. Results: The mean and SD values of the wet bulb global temperature was 32.46 (2.01) and these values exceed Threshold Limit Values (TLV by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) standard and HSSI scores showed that 24.3% of the exposed workers were in red dangerous zone (severe heat strain). The WBGT and HSSI values are positively correlated (r = 0.85) (P = 0.001). Risk factors associated with heat stress after adjustment are age 19-35 years (OR 6.07, CI 1.78-21.90), years of experience >10 years (OR 4.67. CI 1.23-18.42), ever smoking (OR 1.58, CI 1.08-4.57) and overweight (OR 1.56, CI 1.20-12.48). Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that heat stress is common hazard among steel workers and the heat conservation planning intervention action should be conducted to reduce exposure.

Published
2020

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