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The organic market in the Czech Republic has been growing dynamically, mainly in the last two decades. It is increasing the number of organic farms and producers of organic food. It was also identified as growing in popularity with Czech customers in the period before the COVID-19 pandemic. In the Czech Republic, organic products are labelled with a national brand called “bio zebra” under direct control of the Czech Ministry of Agriculture. The dependence of the recognition of this brand on selected socio-demographic indicators (gender, age, education, net monthly household income, number of household members, number of children in the family, size of the municipality) was evaluated in a sample of 1197 respondents in total using logistic regression, and the course of partial dependence on individual sociodemographic indicators was monitored in more detail using contingency table analysis. Significant relationships were found between the recognition of this agri-food brand and gender, education, net monthly household income, number of members and children in the family, and size of the municipality where the consumers live. The proportion of respondents who know the label was higher among women and increased with education level, net monthly household income, number of household members and municipality size.

This paper addresses the exam success rates in Mathematics 1 at the College of Polytechnics in Jihlava (CPJ). Primary data taken from the school information system cover the years 2006--2015. We carried out a success rate analysis based on several criteria (form of study, the reason for termination of studies, gender). We observed the dependence of the success rate on the aforementioned criteria and time. Plus a detailed analysis of the success rate with respect to the study programme was conducted. The contingency tables analysis and correspondence analysis were used to assess the dependencies. The research showed that the success rate in Mathematics 1 has been decreasing over the course of the monitored period of time. The success rate of full-time students is higher compared to the part-time students. Women have higher success rate than men. The respective study programmes showed equivalent results. Technical study programmes show lower success rate in mathematics. The research furthermore implies that mathematics may not always be the cause of a complete termination of studies. To reverse the trend of the growing failure rate we introduced an entrance test of high school basic mathematics followed by a course for those who fail at this test. As a part of our currently running project, our school have been innovating the e-learning modules and working on the textbooks for Seminar in Mathematics that may be completed in a form of an intensive summer or winter school in mathematics. This project's objective is an overall improvement of students' mathematical knowledge and skills.

The aim of this paper is to assess Czech food consumers’ behavior when buying organic products during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an emphasis on the place of purchase of organic agriculture and food products—especially those purchases with the shortest logistics value chain, i.e., purchase at farmers’ markets, or directly from the producer—and a comparison with the current most common places of purchase of organic products in the Czech Republic, supermarkets and hypermarkets. Categorical data analysis methods were used to create a profile of the consumer according to the most frequent purchase locations. To create mathematical–statistical models and interpretations, the methods of logistic regression, correspondence analysis and contingency table analysis were chosen. According to the results of the survey, respondents under 25 years of age are the least likely to make purchases at farmers’ markets or directly from the producer. Consumers aged 26–35 and with a university degree are the most likely to buy organic agriculture and food products at this location, followed closely by older respondents in the categories 36–45 and 46+ and with a secondary education. It is important for manufacturers to have an overview of where, in what quantities, and for what reasons consumers buy their products, especially for reasons of production optimization and planning, ecological concerns, rural development, and the impact on local areas and the value chain.

This study intends to use non-parametric statistical methods for comparison of mean values in assessing the changes of overall grades in basic statistics at the College of Polytechnics in Jihlava. The data covering students' grades were transferred to the ordinal scale and evaluated with the use of the corresponding non-parametric statistical methods, due to failing the data normality test. In order to identify statistically significant grade differences over the years 2006–2018, we have used the test of equality of means as well as the relevant analyses of variance, i.e. the Mann-Whitney U test to compare two samples, the Kruskal-Wallis test to compare multiple samples, and the post hoc analysis. All tests that were carried out confirm that on average, women and Finance and Management students tend to achieve better grades in statistics, as opposed to men, and Travel and Tourism students. Mean grades have rather fluctuated over the years. In the beginning (2006–2009) and in the end (2014–2017) of the observed period the grades have been significantly superior to the grades in the in-between stage (2010–2013). The identified fluctuation in grades shall lead to implementation of measures aimed at achieving an overall increase in statistics' education quality and students' grades.

This article compares attitudes to buying organic food in selected countries in Central Europe. The current research was conducted in 2019 on a total sample of 2800 respondents in the Czech Republic, Slovakia (Central Europe, with a relatively new organic food market), and Germany (a traditional Western Europe country with a mature food market). The study results demonstrate significant differences between the three selected markets. The product quality is the most important for German consumers. Slovak consumers consider organic food to be the least recognizable and least promoted of all the regions surveyed, and they are also the least likely to encounter targeted advertising for organic products. Germany is the country where most respondents regularly or occasionally buy organic food. In Slovakia, an interesting finding is the highest proportion of respondents who do not buy organic food at all. Czech respondents often buy organic products in specialized shops and like to grow organic products themselves. The results also suggest that Slovak consumers slightly more often prefer foreign organic products to the local ones, whereas consumers in Germany select regional organic products more often and prefer to buy regional products at farmers’ markets.

Our paper explores the factors influencing the consumers who buy organic food. Analysis of these factors enabled us to sort the consumers into groups based on their gender, age, education, and other identifiers. Further research then revealed more detailed shopping preferences of each one of those groups. The findings generated recommendations for producers and organic produce vendors on the best way to provide target marketing for different groups of consumers and therefore increase their sales of organic produce and food made from organic produce. Considering the use of categorical data, contingency tables and correspondence maps served as the best representation and processing tools. Data analysis showed that organic produce is most frequently purchased by respondents in the age of 45+ years, who also tend to spend more money for this range of products. At the same time, these would be the respondents, who struggle the most when recognizing organic produce and who have often never seen any advertisement for it. The respondents aged 25 years and less tend to purchase organic produce least frequently; they also often do not care about the origin of organic produce. Almost the same applies to families with multiple children. However, young respondents often grow their own organic produce. There is still a not insignificant percentage of consumers, who consider organic produce to be expensive and who do not believe in their qualities. As it turns out, when it comes to organic produce the respondents purchase most frequently fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy products.

The article analyses the customer attitude towards the qualities and benefits of organic agriculture production for farmers and customers in the Czech Republic, comparing the situation in 2016 and 2019. More than 2500 respondents were subject to the marketing research in the years 2016 and 2019. The data were processed using correspondence analysis and logistic regression. The research study shows that the number of respondents who consider organic food is growing; at the same time, there is a rather large share of consumers who believe organic food to be of better quality. The results show a favourable change in the popularity of organic food. While, in 2016, the main decisive factor in shopping for organic food was its price, in 2019, the main criterion, for the respondents, was quality, with the criterion of price being complemented by the perception of organic food as healthier than conventional food. At the same time, it was established that, the amount spent on organic food in 2019 was higher than that in 2016. This finding was in positive correlation with the increase in respondents’ income. For farmers, organic farming is a promising alternative to conventional agriculture due to a rising demand for organic produce.

The main aim of the paper was to investigate factors influencing flight delays of a European airline. Besides the identification and analysis of those factors the paper offers possible suggestions on how to eliminate the delays. The research is based on data acquired over the period of time spanning from June to September in 2008 – 2014. Analysis of contingency tables, including Pearson’s chi‑squared test, has been used for data processing. The dependencies have been presented in graphical form by using correspondence maps. The proportion of delayed flights reaches approx. 50 % during nearly the entire monitored period only in September the proportion drops to 45 %. Flight delays are most frequently caused by delays of previous flights of the same plane. These previous delayed flights are the main culprit of long delays and the frequency of delay occurrence caused by this reason increases significantly during the day. Longer delays of flights appear also due to technical maintenance or aircraft defects. On the contrary other factors such as operational control and crew duty norms, air traffic control and airport limitations tend to cause rather shorter delays of flights with the air traffic control encountering more problems with coordination of flights in the early morning. The supply and service companies also manage to eliminate long delays.

The main goal of this article was examination of factors influencing flights delay at three most important international airports in Czech Republic. Data of selected Airlines operating in Czech Republic, whose flights are mainly oriented to international airports in Prague, Brno and Ostrava, were used for needs of this article. Analysis of contingency tables including Pearson chi-squared test was used for data processing. Dependences were presented in graphical form by correspondence analysis. Results from analysis showed that delay caused by technical reasons and maintenance is the most frequent in Prague as well as delay caused by high concentration of airspace, operational management and crew duty norms. Problems caused by departure delay from previous destination are significantly more frequent in Brno and Ostrava by reason of small number of alternative available aircraft. Delays caused by supplier (handling, catering, …) are mostly short, in particular by reason of potential penalty. Delays caused by technical problems and necessary maintenance service last mostly longer time and are more frequently on aircraft of type Boeing. Delays of borrowed aircraft of type Airbus are more frequently caused by rental and control of this aircraft by other companies which causes communication and planning difficulties.

This article aims to collect information related to organic farming. It also deals with the assessment and comparison of shopping behaviour in the organic food market in the Czech and Slovak Republics. Respondents from the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic were addressed within the marketing research - survey and potential factors that could affect young people when buying organic products were formulated. There were also established recommendations to retailers of organic products on how to promote the sales of this item to the young generation of Czechs and Slovaks.For statistical data processing we used correspondence analysis and contingency tables analysis. Correspondence analysis is a multivariate statistical technique. The graphical representation of results from correspondence analysis is commonly done with so-called symmetric maps. Based on the results the target groups for marketing strategy were identified and proposals to increase the frequency of buying organic food were formulated.It has been proven in the Czech and the Slovak Republic that there is a negligible amount of young respondents who buy organic food regularly (less than 8%), and therefore it is necessary to change the existing marketing strategy and support the sale of this item.

The paper is concerned with the marketability of organic products in Greece and the Czech Republic. We use marketing research in the form of a questionnaire survey to get an understanding of the organic-product shopping patterns in both countries. The data collected are then analysed by statistical methods and the differences presented between the marketability of organic products in Greece and the Czech Republic. In comparing the results, a chi-square test is used to test for their independence, further using a simple as well as multiple-sample testing of relative frequencies. Based on the results, there are then presented recommendations to producers and traders of organic products to support the popularity of this group of products and thereby to increase the marketability especially among the younger generation of consumers.

Organic farming and organic food are terms that attract the attention of not only farmers, but also economists. It is paper, which could address many consumers in the future. A healthier way of life is becoming more and more popular. This paper primarily aims to collect basic knowledge of organic farming, organic food and its labelling. Furthermore, according to conducted marketing research (1.289 respondents were addressed in questionnaire survey), it is aim to characterize the factors that influence respondents when buying organic food. Based on the results of research another goal is to identify the main factors that could make the younger generation of Czechs buy organic food more frequently. Then according to the statistical data processing this paper aims to formulate recommendations to producers and traders of organic products to entice young people to become customers of this article for many years. Next goal is to compare the results with some other European countries. Interesting relationship between frequency of organic food purchases and other indicators will be assessed by using analysis of contingency tables. An intention is also to identify the target group for marketing strategies. What the respondents most often link with various organic labelling will be identified by using correspondence analysis of monitored data and better flows of information will be proposed.It is clear from the research that organic food is most often bought by women and respondents with higher level of household life. It is purchased mainly fruit and vegetables, as well as dairy products. Respondents mostly make their purchases of organic food in hypermarkets and supermarkets. In addition to the primary reason of disinterest in buying organic food, which is the price, respondents also don’t believe that organic food is better than conventional food and it is not attractive for them.

Introduction of tuition fees has been much discussed in the Czech Republic over the recent years. Unfortunately, the current system of non-discriminate higher-education funding is no longer supportable, that is, provided that we do not want all universities to be evenly “mediocre”. A well configured tuition-fee system with low payments, suitably complemented by student loans covering not only the tuition fees but also the subsistence costs could be an acceptable vision of the future higher education. The obligation to pay for the study should also prevent from enrolment those applicants that only enter a university to avoid having to cater for themselves in real life. A survey was conducted to find out the views of Czech university students on the introduction of tuition fees and the possible methods of their payment. A subsequent analysis was made to see whether the introduction of tuition fees would aggravate students’ financial situation, whether they would be more motivated to complete the studies in due time, and whether they would be more concerned with the quality of teaching. The survey also analysed the relationship between a respondent’s view on the introduction of tuition fees and the current methods of financing the studies (accommodation, transport, meals, textbooks, …), the household income, and the gender. It also takes into account the attitude of respondents on the system of student loans proposed. In order to interpret the results correspondence and dependence analysis were used.

Organic farming and foods, which have been very promisingly evolving over the recent years, are areas of economy that are not only of interest for farmers themselves but also for economists. Recent trends in this sector indicate an ongoing increase in the demand for organic production. The first part of this paper is devoted to introducing the concept of organic farming and gathering all the factors influencing the consumer’s decisions in purchasing organic products. Based on these findings, a marketing research has been carried out. The aim of this research is to identify different shopping patterns among young males and females in the Czech Republic concerning organic products and new upcoming trends in this area. In the second part of this paper, the results of this research are summed up and used to give advice to producers and merchants of organic production on improving their marketing strategies.

The aim of this paper is to assess Czech food consumers' behavior when buying organic products during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an emphasis on the place of purchase of organic agriculture and food products—especially those purchases with the shortest logistics value chain, i.e., purchase at farmers' markets, or directly from the producer—and a comparison with the current most common places of purchase of organic products in the Czech Republic, supermarkets and hypermarkets. Categorical data analysis methods were used to create a profile of the consumer according to the most frequent purchase locations. To create mathematical–statistical models and interpretations, the methods of logistic regression, correspondence analysis and contingency table analysis were chosen. According to the results of the survey, respondents under 25 years of age are the least likely to make purchases at farmers' markets or directly from the producer. Consumers aged 26–35 and with a university degree are the most likely to buy organic agriculture and food products at this location, followed closely by older respondents in the categories 36–45 and 46+ and with a secondary education. It is important for manufacturers to have an overview of where, in what quantities, and for what reasons consumers buy their products, especially for reasons of production optimization and planning, ecological concerns, rural development, and the impact on local areas and the value chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: The paper aims to map socio-demographic indicators of long-term clients of social work in municipalities in the Vysočina Region and, in connection with this, verify whether there is a dependence between the record time length and selected socio-demographic indicators (age, sex, target group according to the prevailing social problem) for long-term clients of social work in municipalities. THEORETICAL BASE: Social work in municipalities is a vital tool to help vulnerable and disadvantaged citizens and people in an adverse social situation. Since 2014, the number of social work clients in municipalities has declined, but the work intensity with long-term clients has increased. METHODS: A quantitative analysis of 1,554 Standardised Records created by social workers of all authorised municipal offices of the Vysočina Region was performed. OUTCOMES: Based on the analysis of the obtained data, the basic socio-demographic characteristics of long-term clients are described. The research results show no statistically significant relationship between the record time length and sex. However, a statistically significant relationship between the record time length and age and between record time length and the target group was demonstrated. SOCIAL WORK IMPLICATIONS: The paper provides valuable and unique information about long-term social work clients in municipalities in the Czech Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]