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The property theory is a unique principle instructing traditional Chinese doctors to prescribe proper medicines against diseases. As an essential part of it, the five-flavor theory catalogs various Chinese materia medicas (CMMs) into five flavors (sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and pungent) based on their taste and medical functions. Although CMM has been successfully applied in China for thousands of years, it is still a big challenge to interpret CMM flavor via modern biomarkers, further deepening its elusiveness. Herein, to identify the correlation between gut microbiota and CMM flavor, we selected 14 CMMs with different flavors to prepare their aqueous extracts, quantified the contained major chemical components, and then performed full-length 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze the gut microbiota of C57BL/6 mice administrated with CMM extracts. We found that flavones, alkaloids, and saponins were the richest components for sweet-, bitter-, and pungent-flavored CMMs, respectively. Medicines with merged flavors (bitter-pungent and sweet-pungent) displayed mixed profiles of components. According to gut microbial analysis, modulation of CMMs belonging to the same flavor on the taxonomic classification was inconsistent to an extent, while the functional sets of gut microbiota, co-abundance gene groups (CAGs), strongly and differentially responded to distinct flavors. Moreover, these correlations were in line with their pharmacological actions. Therefore, the gut microbial functional sets (CAGs) could act as the possible indicator to reflect CMM flavor, rather than the composition of microbial community.

One-pot, atom-economical, catalyst-free and tri-component domino reactions are applied to the diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) of disubstituted piperazine derivatives under mild conditions with moderate to high yields. This protocol exhibits potential applicability in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, liquid crystals, complexes, etc. Because of its operational simplicity and convenience, it may be suitable for application in large-scale synthesis.

An efficient iodine-mediated cascade synthesis of 3-aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene derivatives from easily prepared N -allyl enamines has been developed. The advantages of the reaction include facilitative preparation of substrates 3a – t , good functional group tolerance and transition-metal-free conditions.

Uniform rattle-type hollow mesoporous spheres (HMS) with large cavities have been successfully prepared by the colloidal carbon spheres as templates. The spheres are well monodispersed and nearly uniform in dimension with particle size of ca. 150 nm. Co nanoparticles composed of HMS were found to be a highly efficient catalyst for selective epoxidation of styrene under mild reaction conditions. The catalysts can be easily separated from the reaction mixtures by an external magnet, and reused five times without significant loss of catalytic activity.

CDISC standard has become a set of global data standards that can be used in clinical study, covering the full life cycle of clinical researches. After nearly 20 years of development and continuous version upgrades, CDISC standard can improve the quality and efficiency of clinical research and drug review, and to facilitate all stakeholders involved in researches to exchange the study data and communicate the outcomes. CDISC standard has been or is to be adopted as standard format in data submission by multiple regulatory authorities, and more widely implemented by the global pharmaceutical community. CDISC standard is gradually adopted in China. The feasibility and roadmap of CDISC standard as the Chinese data submission format requirements are undergoing exploration and piloting further.

Source data and its source documents are the foundation of clinical research. Proper source data management plays an essential role for compliance with regulatory and GCP requirements. Both paper and electronic source data co-exist in China. Due to the increasing use of electronic technology in pharmaceutical and health care industry, electronic data source becomes an upcoming trend with clear advantages. To face new opportunities and to ensure data integrity, quality and traceability from source data to regulatory submission, this document demonstrates important concepts, principles and best practices during managing source data. It includes but not limited to: (1) important concepts of source data (e.g., source data originator, source data elements, source data identifier for audit trail, etc.); (2) various modalities of source data collection in paper and electronic methods (e.g., paper CRF, EDC, Patient Report Outcomes/eCOA, etc.); (3) seven main principles recommended in the aspect of data collection, traceability, quality standards, access control, quality control, certified copy and security during source data management; (4) a life cycle from source data creation to obsolete is used as an example to illustrate consideration and implementation of source data management.

With the deployment of electronic medical records systems, more and more routine clinical data are recorded electronically, which become a potential data source for new drug clinical trials. In this paper, we summarized the opportunities, challenges, obstacles and the latest development in this field.

Floating or semi-floating systems are usually employed for long-span cable-stayed bridges to lengthen their fundamental periods, and accordingly, to reduce their seismic inertial force, but the structures’ seismic displacements could be increased by utilizing these systems. Taking Yong-jiang railway cable-stayed bridge which has a low center of gravity as engineering background, the function of viscous dampers in controlling seismic displacements is studied. Firstly, the rational parameters of dampers are determined by parametric analysis, and then the seismic displacements and forces of the bridge, utilizing and un-utilizing viscous dampers, are compared. The results show that: viscous dampers are efficient in controlling seismic displacements of the bridge; the seismic shear forces at the bottom of towers are reduced slightly and the corresponding moments are reduced in a larger extent for cable-stayed bridge with low center of gravity.

Synthesis of disubstituted piperazine derivatives is accomplished by a one-pot ring opening and tri-component domino reaction.

An efficient iodine-mediated cascade synthesis of 3-aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene derivatives from easily prepared N -allyl enamines has been developed. The advantages of the reaction include facilitative preparation of substrates 3a – t , good functional group tolerance and transition-metal-free conditions.

Six domestic yaks aged 6 years, comprising three culling male and three culling female yaks, from the Qinghai Lake area and three male semi-wild yaks aged 6 months from Datong Yak Farm were used to detect the levels of amino acids, mineral elements, residual heavy metals and pesticides in yak meat. The results showed that there was little difference in amino acid levels for different types of yak by age and sex. The meat of the adult male yak was 7.35 mg/kg higher in calcium (P < 0.05) and 124 mg/kg higher in phosphorus (P < 0.01) than that of the adult female yak. There was an obvious difference in zinc content, and there was also a significant difference for copper and sulfur between adult male and female yaks (P < 0.01). Iron was 8.85 mg/kg higher in semi-wild yaks than in domestic yaks, but there were no differences for other minerals. The levels of residual heavy metals and residual pesticides were well within those allowed by the National Standard of China. Furthermore, the data showed that introducing wild yak's blood did not result in a quality change in the domestic yak meat. Yak meat from Qinghai Plateau has the characteristics of being non-polluted and rich in amino acids in comparison with local yellow cattle meat.

Uniform rattle-type hollow mesoporous spheres (HMS) with large cavities have been successfully prepared by the colloidal carbon spheres as templates. The spheres are well monodispersed and nearly uniform in dimension with particle size of ca. 150 nm. Co nanoparticles composed of HMS were found to be a highly efficient catalyst for selective epoxidation of styrene under mild reaction conditions. The catalysts can be easily separated from the reaction mixtures by an external magnet, and reused five times without significant loss of catalytic activity.

We select gross national happiness (GNH), per capita GDP, the number of tourists received in rural areas, waste gas emission and other indicators that are closely related to harmonious economic development. Using the indicator data, we establish the multiple linear regression model that is in line with the harmonious economic development model in the Niyang River valley, and conduct empirical analysis. According to the analysis results, the following recommendations are put forward: adhering to laying equal stress on protection and development; improving the quality of the population; protecting environment and curbing environmental pollution; speeding up the construction of ecological environment relying on technology; increasing investment in poverty alleviation to eradicate poverty; extensively mobilizing the public to participate in ecological and environmental protection; coordinating the relationship between the ecological environment and economic development.

The 5'-Flanking sequence (including the P1 promotor and exon 1A) of the GHR gene in Oura-type Tibetan sheep (O. aries) was cloned by T-A method and sequenced (GenBank accession No. EF116490). Characterization and comparison of this sequence with mouflons (O. musimon), goat (C. hircus), cattle (B. taurus) and European bison (B. bonasus) orthologues were also conducted. Results showed that: 1) The 5'-flanking region contained many potential transcriptional factor binding sites such as those for C/EBPb, C/EBP, SP1, Cap, USF, HFH-2, HNF-3b, and Oct-1, which might have an important effect on transcription activation and regulation as well as tissue-specific expression. The rate of repetitive sequences was 2.55% and no SINEs, LINEs, LTR anti-transcription elements or DNA transposon elements were found, although one (TG)11 microsatellite was found. 2) In the P1 promotor region, sequence homology between the Tibetan sheep and mouflon, goat, cattle and European bison was 99.7%, 94.2%, 85.9% and 86.5%, respectively, while that for exon 1A was 99.0%, 97.0%, 92.7% and 94.6%, respectively. 3) The molecular phylogenetic tree among these species, constructed by the neighborhood joining method based on the sequences of no-coding region of the GHR genes, placed the two Bovinae species on one branch and the three Caprinae species on the other. Tibetan sheep and mouflons were joined first, followed by the goat, and then the Bovinae species, including the cattle and European bison. This result of phylogenetic clustering was not only identical to the taxonomy, but also to the phylogenetic clustering using the mitochondrial DNA of these species.

Recently, we reported successful growth of high-quality GaAs/Si epilayers by using a very thin amorphous Si film as buffer layer. In this paper, the impurity properties of this kind of GaAs/Si epilayers have been studied by using PL spectrum, SIMS and Hall measurement. Compared to a typical PL spectrum of the GaAs/Si epilayers grown by conventional two-step method, a new peak was observed in our PL spectrum at the energy of 1.462 eV, which is assigned to the band-to-silicon acceptor recombination. The SIMS analysis indicates that the silicon concentration in this kind of GaAs/Si epilayers is about 1018 cm-3. But its carrier concentration (about 4×1017 cm-3) is lower than the silicon concentration. The lower carrier concentration in this kind of GaAs/Si epilayer can be interpreted both as the result of higher compensation and as the result of the formation of the donor-defect complex. We also found that the high-quality and low-Si-concentration GaAs/Si epilayers can be regrown by using this kind of GaAs/Si epilayer as substrate. The FWHM of the X-ray (004) rocking curve from this regrowth GaAs epilayer is 118′′, it is much less than that of the first growth GaAs epilayer (160′′) and other reports for the GaAs/Si epilayer grown by using conventional two-step method (∼200′′).