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The occurrence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may be related to maternal malnutrition, abnormal placental function, immune abnormalities, genetically related problems as well as other diseases, but the mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, the study of IUGR and the development of its animal model are critical issues in obstetrics. IUGR models are mainly based on laboratory rodents, such as mice and rats, and other mammals such as pigs, rabbits and sheep. This article introduced several common IUGR animal models, including nutrition restriction model, high-altitude pregnancy model, natural selection model, and nicotine exposure model, and also described the construction methods of IUGR models and the comparison of their advantages and disadvantages.