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With the implementation of the 'Mental Health Law of the People's Republic of China' and relevant policies， governments at all levels have devoted more resources to community-based rehabilitation services for patients with mental disorders， making the mental health services more accessible and professional to the majority of patients with mental disorders. Monumental achievements have been made in community-based rehabilitation services for patients with severe mental disorders， while challenges have always existed in the China's community mental health service system for patients with severe mental disorders. Therefore， this article elaborated the achievements， challenges and prospects of China's community mental health service system for patients with severe mental disorders， aiming to provide references for future work and further improve the quality and accessibility of community mental health service for patients with mental disorders.

Abstract Special needs are of paramount importance in international equitable education. The focus on students with special needs has become the basis of current special education and education reform. The world is currently undergoing a pivotal phase of digital transformation, with educational digitalization gradually developing. However, only a few studies have focused on the effect of educational digitalization on the creativity of students with special needs, and most of them have ignored its internal mechanism. This study therefore aims to explore the manner in which and the circumstances under which educational digitalization affects the creativity of students with special needs. Building upon information theory, this study proposes a mediated moderating framework to examine the effects of educational digitalization on the creativity of students with special needs, considering the mediating role of studying crafting and the moderating effect of creative self-efficacy. A survey methodology was employed to collect empirical data on the interrelationships among educational digitalization, study crafting, creative self-efficacy, and the creativity of students with special needs. The results demonstrated a significant positive relationship between educational digitalization and the creativity of students with special needs through study crafting. Furthermore, creative self-efficacy was found to play a moderating role in this process. The findings provide educators and policymakers with practical guidance on how to optimize the implementation of digital technologies in educational environments in order to promote education equity.

Abstract Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is emerging as an important player in autoimmune diseases, but its exact role in lupus nephritis (LN) remains controversial. Here, we identified markedly elevated GSDMD in human and mouse LN kidneys, predominantly in CD11b+ myeloid cells. Global or myeloid-conditional deletion of GSDMD was shown to exacerbate systemic autoimmunity and renal injury in lupus mice with both chronic graft-versus-host (cGVH) disease and nephrotoxic serum (NTS) nephritis. Interestingly, RNA sequencing and flow cytometry revealed that myeloid GSDMD deficiency enhanced granulopoiesis at the hematopoietic sites in LN mice, exhibiting remarkable enrichment of neutrophil-related genes, significant increases in total and immature neutrophils as well as granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (GMPs). GSDMD-deficient GMPs and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-stimulated human promyelocytes NB4 were further demonstrated to possess enhanced clonogenic and differentiation abilities compared with controls. Mechanistically, GSDMD knockdown promoted self-renewal and granulocyte differentiation by restricting calcium influx, contributing to granulopoiesis. Functionally, GSDMD deficiency led to increased pathogenic neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in lupus peripheral blood and bone marrow-derived neutrophils. Taken together, our data establish that GSDMD deletion accelerates LN development by promoting granulopoiesis in a calcium influx-regulated manner, unraveling its unrecognized critical role in LN pathogenesis.

Abstract Integrin αvβ6 holds promise as a therapeutic target for organ fibrosis, yet targeted therapies are hampered by concerns over inflammatory-related side effects. The role of αvβ6 in renal inflammation remains unknown, and clarifying this issue is crucial for αvβ6-targeted treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we revealed a remarkable positive correlation between overexpressed αvβ6 in proximal tubule cells (PTCs) and renal inflammation in CKD patients and mouse models. Notably, knockout of αvβ6 not only significantly alleviated renal fibrosis but also reduced inflammatory responses in mice, especially the infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Furthermore, conditional knockout of αvβ6 in PTCs in vivo and co-culture of PTCs with macrophages in vitro showed that depleting αvβ6 in PTCs suppressed the migration and pro-inflammatory differentiation of macrophages. Screening of macrophage activators showed that αvβ6 in PTCs activates macrophages via secreting IL-34. IL-34 produced by PTCs was significantly diminished by αvβ6 silencing, and reintroduction of IL-34 restored macrophage activities, while anti-IL-34 antibody restrained macrophage activities enhanced by αvβ6 overexpression. Moreover, RNA-sequencing of PTCs and verification experiments demonstrated that silencing αvβ6 in PTCs blocked hypoxia-stimulated IL-34 upregulation and secretion by inhibiting YAP expression, dephosphorylation, and nuclear translocation, which resulted in the activation of Hippo signaling. While application of a YAP agonist effectively recurred IL-34 production by PTCs, enhancing the subsequent macrophage migration and activation. Besides, reduced IL-34 expression and YAP activation were also observed in global or PTCs-specific αvβ6-deficient injured kidneys. Collectively, our research elucidates the pro-inflammatory function and YAP/IL-34/macrophage axis-mediated mechanism of αvβ6 in renal inflammation, providing a solid rationale for the use of αvβ6 inhibition to treat kidney inflammation and fibrosis.

Tantalum is not only one of the critical metals applied in various advanced industries such as electronics, aerospace, military, and medical applications, but also is considered a conflict mineral, posing a threat to its global supply security. China plays a significant role in the tantalum industrial chain; however, the complete picture of its anthropogenic tantalum cycle remains unknown. This study investigates the tantalum cycles in China from 2000 to 2021 by conducting a dynamic material flow analysis. The results reveal that China's domestic tantalum consumption surged from 91 tons in 2000 to 580 tons in 2021. China heavily relied on importing tantalum minerals to support its domestic production, with a trade dependence rate of 90 %. Moreover, the trade volume of tantalum-related commodities experienced substantial growth from 2000 to 2014 and then fluctuated, with tantalum concentrates as the primary imported goods and electronic products as the primary exported goods. Approximately 24.9 % of the overall tantalum demand was met with secondary tantalum, in which 80 % of such secondary material being recovered during the refining and production stages. Policy recommendations are proposed accordingly, including diversifying tantalum mineral resources and increasing the recovery rates from end-of-life products. These policies can significantly contribute to achieving sufficient tantalum supply and maintaining sustainable tantalum supply chain in China.

ObjectiveTo provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases in Chenzhou， the etiological characteristics and epidemiological patterns of foodborne diseases were analyzed.MethodsThe Case information and stool and anal swab samples were collected from two sentinel hospitals in Chenzhou in 2017 and 2019. According to the methods described in “National Manual of Foodborne Disease Surveillance”， the samples were tested for pathogens， pathogen typing， and drug sensitivity.ResultsA total of 825 samples of diarrhea cases were collected， and the total detection rate of pathogens was 30.18% （249/825）， including 16.24% （134/825） Salmonella， 11.76% （97/825） Norovirus， 3.52% （29/825） diarrheal Escherichia coli， 0.73% （6/825） Vibrio parahaemolyticus， and 0.12% （1/825） Shigella. Bacterial detection rates were higher in the second and third quarters than in other quarters， and viral detection rates were higher in the first and fourth quarters than in other quarters. The highest pathogen detection rate was 40.79% （31/76） in the 2-6-year-old group. Milk and dairy products， grains and their products， and fruits and their products were suspected foods. The highest detection rate in Salmonella was in Salmonella enterica subsp.（74.63%， 100/134）， the highest detection rate in diarrheal Escherichia coli was in intestinal adhesion type and enterotoxin type （34.48%， 10/29）， and the norovirus was mainly GII type （85.57%， 83/97）. The highest resistance rate of Salmonella to tetracycline was 88.71% （110/124）， and the multidrug resistance rate of Salmonella was 85.48% （106/124）. The resistance rate of diarrheal Escherichia coli to ampicillin was significant （79.31%， 23/29）， and the multidrug resistance rate of diarrheal Escherichia coli was 62.07% （18/29）.ConclusionThe main pathogens of diarrheal cases of foodborne diseases were Salmonella and Norovirus in Chenzhou. Salmonella and diarrheal Escherichia coli are highly resistant to antibiotics. Therefore， it is necessary to conduct targeted food safety supervision， strengthen antibiotic resistance monitoring， and strictly prevent antibiotic abuse.

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia are at high risk of suffering from metabolic syndrome. Most previous studies on the influencing factors of metabolic syndrome focused on the inpatients and limited ones on patients dwelling in community.ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors at different risk levels of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia in Guangzhou， so as to provide references for future interventions on metabolic syndrome in this patient population.MethodsIn November 2021， 3 339 patients with schizophrenia who were registered in and administered by Guangzhou Mental Health Information System were included. All these patients had finished the physical examination in 2020， and whether they had metabolic syndrome was assessed basing on Guideline for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China （2020 edition）. Patients were divided into high-risk group （n=423）， critical group （n=1 524） and metabolic syndrome group （n=1 392） according to the Chinese expert consensus on the management of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. Multiple logistic regression analysis were performed on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia.ResultsThe prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia was 41.69%. Univariate analysis showed that the results in gender （χ2=44.610）， age （χ2=55.992）， marriage status （χ2=30.755）， illness course （χ2=25.913） and body mass index （χ2=829.265） were significantly different among the three groups （P

Abstract Kidney fibrosis is a common fate of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), eventually leading to renal dysfunction. Yet, no effective treatment for this pathological process has been achieved. During the bioassay‐guided chemical investigation of the medicinal plant Wikstroemia chamaedaphne, a daphne diterpenoid, daphnepedunin A (DA), is characterized as a promising anti‐renal fibrotic lead. DA shows significant anti‐kidney fibrosis effects in cultured renal fibroblasts and unilateral ureteral obstructed mice, being more potent than the clinical trial drug pirfenidone. Leveraging the thermal proteome profiling strategy, cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) is identified as the direct target of DA. Mechanistically, DA targets to reduce Cdc42 activity and down‐regulates its downstream phospho‐protein kinase Cζ(p‐PKCζ)/phospho‐glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (p‐GSK‐3β), thereby promoting β‐catenin Ser33/37/Thr41 phosphorylation and ubiquitin‐dependent proteolysis to block classical pro‐fibrotic β‐catenin signaling. These findings suggest that Cdc42 is a promising therapeutic target for kidney fibrosis, and highlight DA as a potent Cdc42 inhibitor for combating CKDs.

With the increase of new energy penetration, the power balance and frequency stability problems brought by its randomness, intermittency and volatility has become increasingly serious. It is difficult to cope with these problems only by traditional centralized power plants. Flexible resources in the power systems should also bear a part of the responsibility for the balance of power and energy. Virtual power plant (VPP) can aggregate a large number of distributed flexible resources with different characteristics, participate in the electricity markets as a whole and accept the dispatch of the grid, and provide important support for the real-time power balance of the power systems. The development of VPPs should be based on a large number of flexible resources, advanced communication and dispatching/control technologies, and efficient business models and good market policies. The operation of VPPs can be attributed to the energy flow of the energy network, the information interaction of the information network and the value transfer of the value network. Therefore, based on the three-layer network architeciture of “energy-information-value”, the operation modes and control schemes of different types of VPPs were analyzed, and the idea of “three flow separation-convergence” for VPP architecture design was proposed. The findings provide useful guidance for the design, construction and operation of VPPs.

Objective·To investigate the current situation and problems of the construction of clinical research talents team in China, and propose targeted improvement strategies.Methods·Self-designed questionnaires were made after literature review, expert interviews and two rounds of Delphi. An online questionnaire survey was conducted on 583 clinical research-related personnel from hospitals, biomedical enterprises, medical colleges and government departments in 27 provinces, cities and autonomous regions, and the survey results were analyzed.Results·A total of 583 questionnaires were collected, 579 of which were valid, with an effective rate of 99.3%. The research results showed that: ① The lack of clinical research talents and the poor development environment of talents were the key factors restricting the high-level clinical research in China. ② Among the respondents, 72.7% of them were dissatisfied (very dissatisfied, dissatisfied and average) with the current training of clinical research talents. The main problems included lack of high-level research talents and a professional support team; the current performance evaluation system was monotonous, the salary and incentive were not profitable for clinical research, and medical personnel engaged in clinical research and support staff lacked promotion channels, etc. ③ The improvement strategies included systematically improving the clinical research ability of medical personnel, improving the clinical research training curriculum system, adopting different training methods in the school education stage and in-service education stage, and attaching more importance to the two teams′ training, clinical research physicians and clinical research methodology professionals.Conclusion·Currently, it is urgent to expand the number of excellent medical students and improve the courses of clinical research methodology and relevant laws and regulations, encourage experienced research-oriented doctors to guide new staff in research projects, systematically improve the scientific research ability of current medical personnel, pay more attention to training of standardized implementation of clinical research projects, topic selection design and others, gather a high-level team of composite clinical research medical personnel, increase the amount of professionals in clinical research methodology, further attach importance to clinical research, and improve the development environment of clinical research talents from the aspects of professional title promotion, salary, scientific research evaluation, etc, so as to improve the level of clinical research in China.

In this paper, based on the research background of recovering uranium from wet-process phosphoric acid(WPA) by amino phosphonate acid chelating resin, the distribution of uranium in single particle amino phosphonate chelating resin was studied. The results show that the optimal laser frequency of LA-ICP-MS is determined to be 6 Hz, the beam spot diameter is 44 μm, and the energy density is 6 J/cm2. The resin with saturated adsorption and the resin with complete elution were selected as the external standard of the adsorption and leaching process, and the homogeneity test was carried out. The relative standard deviation of uranium content in the resin with saturated adsorption and the resin with complete elution are 3.87% and 3.52%(n=9), respectively. Uniformity is good. In situ microzone analysis of uranium in amino phosphonic acid chelating resin was carried out by LA-ICP-MS. The adsorption process of uranium on the resin is gradually completed from the outside to the inside, and the leaching process is gradually completed from the outside to the inside, and the concentration of uranium inside and outside the resin is gradually uniform and unified, and finally reaches adsorption saturation and leaching complete.

【Objective】 Embedding patches in drip irrigation belts is a technique to improve flow rate and irrigation uniformity. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of various factors on performance of the embedded patches in improving irrigation uniformity. 【Method】 Using uniform orthogonal design of experiments with three levels of factors and experimental study, we analyzed the influence of sediment content, working pressure and slope on performance of the irrigation belt. The relationship between change in these factors and irrigation uniformity was analyzed using the PPR model, NSGA-II model and linear regression models. 【Result】 ①The influence of the three factors on irrigation uniformity and flow rate reduction was ranked in the following order based on their significance: sediment content>land slope>working pressure. Analytic hierarchy process and range analysis both showed that sediment content had the greatest influence on irrigation uniformity and flow rate reduction. ②Regression showed that irrigation uniformity and flow rate reduction were linearly correlated to flow rate, with the standard error for the former and the latter being 19.15% and 14.81%, respectively. ③The projection tracking regression for change in irrigation uniformity and flow rate reduction showed that the standard error for the irrigation uniformity and flow rate reduction was 2.98% and 2.42%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The PPR model was better than multiple regression model for predicting irrigation uniformity and flow rate reduction. Its results are consistent with that of NSGA-II. For the three factors we considered, the optimal working conditions for the drip irrigation belt with embedded patches were slope: 0, sediment content: 1 g/L, working pressure: 96 kPa, under which the irrigation uniformity was 0.958 5 and the flow rate reduction was 0.083 5.

Abstract Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) represent a new population in immune regulation, yet their role in lupus nephritis (LN) remains elusive. In the present work, systemic increases in ILC3s, particularly in the kidney, are observed to correlate strongly with disease severity in both human and murine LN. Using MRL/lpr lupus mice and a nephrotoxic serum‐induced LN model, this study demonstrates that ILC3s accumulated in the kidney migrate predominantly from the intestine. Furthermore, intestinal ILC3s accelerate LN progression, manifested by exacerbated autoimmunity and kidney injuries. In LN kidneys, ILC3s are located adjacent to B cells within ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS), directly activating B cell differentiation into plasma cells and antibody production in a Delta‐like1 (DLL1)/Notch‐dependent manner. Blocking DLL1 attenuates ILC3s’ effects and protects against LN. Altogether, these findings reveal a novel pathogenic role of ILC3s in B cell activation, renal ELS formation and autoimmune injuries during LN, shedding light on the therapeutic value of targeting ILC3s for LN.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of single or combined use of diltiazem and beprost on exercise endurance improvement after high altitude exposure in healthy young males. Methods A total of 200 non-Tibet health young men who have inhabited in plain areas for generations and were transferred from plain to plateau (2 815 m) from July 2017 to August 2020 were recruited in the study. The participants were randomly assigned in group A (90 mg diltiazem sustained-release capsule placebo once a day and 40 μg beraprost placebo 3 times a day), B (90 mg diltiazem sustained-release capsule placebo once a day and 40 μg beraprost 3 times a day). C (90 mg diltiazem sustained-release capsules once a day and 40 μg beraprost placebo 3 times a day) and D (90 mg diltiazem sustained-release capsules once a day and 40 μg beraprost 3 times a day). After 5 days' continuous administration of drug and placebo, results of 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) test, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), blood pressure (BP) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), and incidence of adverse reactions before and after intervention were collected and compared among the groups. Results There were 13 cases lost during follow-up, and finally 187 participants were included. After intervention, the results of 6MWD test were obviously improved (t=-9.048, -9.555, -12.903, 95%CI: -45.582~-28.984, -46.391~-30.262, -63.205~-46.128, P < 0.05), PASP values (t=10.219, 9.380, 11.069, 95%CI: 2.304~3.435, 2.277~3.519, 2.636~3.809, P < 0.05) were significantly decreased in group B, group C and group D, and the SpO2 values (t=-4.071, -4.655, 95%CI: -1.311~-0.444, -2.569~-1.031, P < 0.05) were greatly increased in groups C and D. In addition, the participants from the groups B, C and D obtained significantly prolonged 6MWD results (F=7.246, P < 0.05) and lower PASP value (F=10.421, P < 0.05) after the treatment when compared with those of group A. Moreover, SpO2 in group D was significantly higher than that in groups A, B and C (F=6.896, P < 0.05). There were no significant difference in BP value and incidence of adverse reactions. Conclusion Single or combined use of diltiazem and beprost can improve exercise endurance in healthy young males after high altitude exposure, with good safety.

The growth of the Populus euphratica root system is of great significance for its survival under adverse environmental stress. In harsh saline-stress environments, the proportion, morphology, and functionality of the taproots and lateral roots and how they manifest specific adaptive structures, growth strategies, and potential genetic controls are still subjects for further exploration. In this study, we delve into the fundamental patterns and trade-offs of root morphology and functionality by constructing an environment-induced differential interaction equation (EDIE) to model the independent and interactive growth of the root system while considering the influence of environmental conditions. We identify 93 key QTLs in the control group and 44 key QTLs in the salt-stress group, of which 2 QTLs are significant in both environments. By constructing ODE-based QTL networks, we explore in depth how these loci regulate the growth of the root system under different environmental conditions while considering their independent direct effects and epistatic effects among loci. This study elucidates the intrinsic factors that influence the variations in taproots and lateral roots, providing crucial insights into the relationship between root morphology and functionality.

The disease burden caused by chronic non-communicable diseases continues to grow, with profound implications for public health and socio-economic development. The traditional health management of chronic diseases lacks diagnostic criteria and reasonable intervention time, and the bottleneck of the lack of residents' initiative is increasingly prominent. The construction of proactive health index (PHI) is expected to be an effective means to improve the health management of chronic diseases. As the world enters a critical period of digital transformation, China's health strategy has made clear that technological innovation and information technology should play a leading role in maintaining people's health, and digital health brings strategic opportunities for the development of chronic disease health management. In the context of the development of digital chronic disease prevention and control, this study analyzes the main bottlenecks existing in China's chronic disease health management, clarifies the importance of establishing diagnostic criteria for chronic disease health management, proposes the concept of PHI, and introduces the construction of PHI to solve the key problems of chronic disease health management. The application scenarios of PHI are deployed and prospected from the government side, the family physician side and the public side, in order to provide ideas for improving residents' health management initiative and enhancing the effectiveness of chronic disease health management.

【Objective】 Emitter cologging is a common issue in drip irrigation. This paper studies the effects of laying slope, sediment content and operating pressure on irrigation uniformity and flow drop of the inlaid patch drip irrigation in attempts to reduce clogging of the drip irrigation belt. 【Method】 The experiment was design using a uniform orthogonal test plan with three factors and three levels: laying slope (-1, 0, 1%), sediment content (1, 2, 3 g/L) and operating pressure (40, 70, 100 kPa). The experiment was conducted in a laboratory using 30 m drip irrigation belts. 【Result】 The factors that influence irrigation uniformity are ranked in the order of sediment content > laying slope > operating pressure. The factors that impact flow drop are ranked in the order of sand content > operating pressure > laying slope. Regression models for estimating irrigation uniformity and flow drop using the sediment content and operating pressure were accurate, with its standardized root mean square errors being 2.98% and 2.42%. 【Conclusion】 Sediment content is an important factor affecting the clogging of the inlaid patch drip irrigation belt. The models we presented to link sediment content, laying slope and operating pressure to irrigation uniformity and flow rate drop were accurate and can be used for design.

Abstract Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) concentration distributions in the global surface ocean inform our understanding of marine biogeochemical processes such as nitrogen fixation and primary production. The spatial distribution of DOP concentrations in the surface ocean reflect production by primary producers and consumption as an organic nutrient by phytoplankton including diazotrophs and other microbes, as well as other loss processes such as photolysis. Compared to dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen, however, relatively few marine DOP concentration measurements have been made, largely due to the lack of automated analysis techniques. Here we present a database of marine DOP concentration measurements (DOPv2021) that includes new (n = 730) and previously published (n = 3140) observations made over the last ~30 years (1990–2021), including 1751 observations in the upper 50 m. This dataset encompasses observations from all major ocean basins including the poorly represented Indian, South Pacific, and Southern Oceans and provides insight into spatial distributions of DOP in the ocean. It is also valuable for researchers who work on marine primary production and nitrogen fixation.

The continuous process for the production of insoluble sulfur (IS) has been developed to overcome the disadvantages associated with the traditional batch process, such as low automation, discontinuous production, and high consumption of sulfur and CS2. The consumption of CS2 in the continuous process is lower than that in the batch process. The recovery of solvent facilitates the recycling of CS2 and N2 in addition to the closed circulation of the entire system. The key process and recovery parameters of the IS synthesis were simulated using Aspen Plus. Sulfur was completely recovered after high-temperature pyrolysis, and the utilization ratio of sulfur atoms was increased from approximately 50% to more than 95%. Tail gas was comprehensively utilized through compression and cryogenic green treatment. Based on the developed green synthesis process and simulated process parameters, the continuous production of IS was evaluated on an industrial scale of 10,000 metric tonnes. Owing to the continuous characteristics of the production process, the air tightness of the production process was significantly improved, and the quality of the product was more stable than that of the product obtained by the current domestic batch process. The unconverted sulfur could be recycled after recovery, without low-grade sulfur as a by-product. The amount of sulfur used as raw material per unit product was reduced; the comprehensive conversion rate of sulfur to IS exceeded 95%, which significantly improved the utilization rate of sulfur atoms. Through the compression and condensation of the tail gas, the recovery efficiency of CS2 was considerably improved at the same temperature, and compressed N2 could be simultaneously obtained. The liquefaction rate of CS2 approached 91.78%, which was characterized by obvious greening.

In order to improve the efficiency of noble metal Pt as an efficient photocatalytic co-catalyst for hydrogen production, Pt/g-C3N4 nanocomposite photocatalysts was prepared by using high-temperature assisted thermal exfoliation as well as hydrogen reduction. This realized the in situ thermally assisted loading of monodisperse Pt nanoclusters on ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets, enhancing the interaction between g-C3N4 and Pt, and increasing the proportion of Pt0 in the Pt nanoclusters; the small amount of coexisting Pt of Pt2+ contributes to the inhibition of hydrogen production inverse reactions. In addition, the produced Pt/g-C3N4 nanocomposite photocatalyst has a wide visible light response range as well as an efficient photogenerated charge separation efficiency. The photocatalytic test shows that the composite photocatalyst not only has excellent photocatalytic performance for hydrogen production, but also highly improves the utilisation of the precious metal Pt, and therefore has potential practical application in solar energy conversion and utilisation.

At present, there is still a lack of standardized and institutionalized management of laboratory animal carcasses and related wastes in China, and effective supervision of their harmless disposal process, especially an effective whole-process biosafety supervision system. Using computer networks, global satellite positioning systems, wireless communications, geographic information systems and other multidisciplinary cutting-edge technologies, we preliminarily established an information management system for harmless disposal of laboratory animal carcasses and related wastes, which could be closely combined with biosafety supervision to realize dynamic tracking and monitoring in the whole process. The established system can strengthen the standardization and institutionalization management of experimental animal carcasses and related wastes, promote the safety control of medical waste, prevent the spread of diseases, protect the environment and ensure human health.

Abstract Infants conceived with in vitro fertilization (IVF) are exposed to underlying infertility and the IVF process. High risks of adverse birth outcomes (ABOs) were observed among these infants, including preterm birth, low birth weight, macrosomia, being large/small for gestational age (LGA/SGA). It is unclear whether the specific etiology of the rise of ABOs among IVF infants is IVF technology itself or underlying infertility. A total of 9,480 singletons conceived with IVF and 1,952,419 singletons from the general population were obtained in this study. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess variations in risk of ABOs according to causes of infertility. Poisson distributions were applied to calculate standardized risk ratios of IVF infants vs. general population after controlling the causes of infertility. Higher risk of preterm birth and low birth weight were observed among parents with polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine and semen abnormalities. Compared to the general population, after excluding the influence of infertility causes, singletons conceived with IVF were at higher risk of macrosomia (SRR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.14–1.44) and LGA (SRR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.15–1.35). The higher risk of ABOs in IVF was driven by both IVF treatments and infertility, which is important for improving IVF treatments and the managing pregnancies and child development.

In view of the problem of coal spontaneous combustion and re-ignition by reducing the oxidation of coal with inert gas, most of the existing studies are related to the coal low-temperature oxidation process and the coal re-ignition process. The spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal secondary oxidation after reducing inert gas temperature are less covered. In order to solve the above problems, taking coking coal as an example, the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coking coal oxidized at different temperatures after CO2 cooling and secondary oxidation are explored through the low-temperature oxidation experiment. The coking coal is pre-oxidized by GC-4000A temperature-programmed equipment at 70, 110, 150 ℃ respectively. The oxygen consumption rate, CO production rate, CO2 concentration and apparent activation energy of coking coal during the secondary oxidation process are analyzed after cooling to 30 ℃ with CO2 gas and dry air respectively. The experimental results show that at the same pre-oxidation temperature, compared with the dry air cooling, the change rule of related parameters of coking coal cooled by CO2 is basically the same. In the early stage of secondary oxidation, because of coking coal absorbs a lot of CO2, CO2 hinders the contact between coal and O2, the oxygen consumption rate and CO production rate decrease. The apparent activation energy increases, and the oxidation of coking coal decreases. As the CO2 resolves, CO2 cooling also affects the later reaction of pre-oxidized coking coal, which reduces the spontaneous combustion risk of pre-oxidized coking coal during the whole reaction process. When the pre-oxidation temperature is different, the pre-oxidation coking coal at 70 ℃ and 110 ℃ has a small amount of CO2 adsorption in the early stage. This leads to no change in oxygen consumption rate, CO production rate and apparent activation energy. When the pre-oxidized coking coal at 150 ℃ is cooled to 30 ℃, the coking coal has more CO2 adsorption, resulting lower the oxygen consumption rate and CO production rate. With the increase of activation energy, more energy is required. The coal oxygen reaction is more difficult. The risk of spontaneous combustion is also reduced. Therefore, when there is a danger of oxidation and spontaneous combustion of coal in the coal mine, it is necessary to inject CO2 for a long time to reduce the possibility of secondary oxidation and re-ignition when the mining area is reopened.

BackgroundThere is a complex interaction between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), but the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the coexistence of CKD and UC are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the key molecules and pathways that may mediate the co-occurrence of CKD and UC through quantitative bioinformatics analysis based on a public RNA-sequencing database.MethodsThe discovery datasets of CKD (GSE66494) and UC (GSE4183), as well as validation datasets of CKD (GSE115857) and UC (GSE10616), were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with GEO2R online tool, the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses for the DEGs were performed. Next, protein-protein interaction network was constructed with Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and visualized by Cytoscape. Gene modules were identified by the plug-in MCODE and hub genes were screened using the plug-in CytoHubba. Then, correlation between immune cell infiltration and hub genes was analyzed, and the receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the predictive value of hub genes. Finally, immunostaining of human specimens was used to validate the relevant findings.ResultsA total of 462 common DEGs were identified and selected for further analyses. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that these DEGs were primarily enriched in immune- and inflammation-related pathways. Among them, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway ranked top in both discovery and validation cohorts, and the key signal molecule phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) was shown to be significantly overexpressed in human CKD kidneys and UC colons, and further elevated in CKD-UC comorbidity specimens. Moreover, nine candidate hub genes, including CXCL8, CCL2, CD44, ICAM1, IL1A, CXCR2, PTPRC, ITGAX, and CSF3, were identified, of which ICAM1 was validated as a common hub gene. Besides, immune infiltration analysis revealed that neutrophils, macrophages, and CD4+ T memory cells significantly accumulated in both diseases, and ICAM1 was remarkably associated with neutrophil infiltration. Furthermore, intercellular adhesion molecule1 (ICAM1)-mediated neutrophil infiltration was validated to be upregulated in kidney and colon biopsies of CKD and UC patients, and further increased in patients diagnosed with both CKD and UC. Finally, ICAM1 had shown critical value as a diagnostic marker for the co-occurrence of CKD and UC.ConclusionsOur study elucidated that immune response, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and ICAM1-mediated neutrophil infiltration might be the common pathogenesis of CKD and UC, and identified ICAM1 as a key potential biomarker and therapeutic target for the comorbidity of these two diseases.

The current work showed the fabrication of bimetallic Au–Pd-NPs on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets functionalized with plant polyphenols of Ziziphus ziziphus leaf extract for enhanced aqueous dispersibility using a simple green method. The synthesized Au–Pd/RGO nanocomposite was effectively employed for the in-vitro photothermal killing of HNE-1 cells. Applying the 808 nm laser (1 W cm−2) and maintaining the concentration of Au–Pd/RGO at 75 μg mL−1, the solution temperature was brought to 58 °C, which is adequate for the eradication of cancer cells. Later, the solution temperature was brought to 80 °C by increasing the concentrations to 90 μg mL−1. Ultimately, the near total photoablation (≈97%) of HNE-1 cells was obtained by maintaining the concentration of Au–Pd–RGO nanocomposites at ≈20 μg mL−1, a laser power of 1 W cm−1 and a LC50 value of 7 μg mL−1. This exceptional efficiency was attributed mostly to the synergistic effect of Au–Pd NPs, and RGO. The current study might lead the way for the synthesis of advanced materials that could be used as prospective photothermal candidates for the ablation of various unregulated cells.

ObjectiveAmino acids, vitamins and inorganic salts were used to replace beef extract and peptone to develop a selective medium with controllable quality for Salmonella.MethodsEffects of 20 kinds of amino acids, 11 kinds of vitamins or 4 kinds of inorganic salts on the growth characteristics of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were studied, and the optimal concentration was determined. The beef extract and peptone in bismuth sulfite (BS) agar or Hektoen Enteric (HE) agar were replaced, and the chemically defined BS agar or HE agar was developed.ResultsAdding asparagine, aspartic acid, valine, thiamine hydrochloride or riboflavin to the basic medium was the most favorable for the growth of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and the OD595 were all higher than 0.1. However, adding serine, lysine hydrochloride, isoleucine, nicotinic acid, biotin or disodium hydrogen phosphate to the basic medium did not promote the proliferation of Escherichia coli, and the OD595 was almost 0. The chemically defined BS agar or HE agar was prepared by replacing beef extract, peptone with 35 kinds of nutrients according to the optimal concentration. After verification of quality control strains, chemically defined BS agar or HE agar was similar to commercial medium in cell growth index, colony morphology and special color reaction.ConclusionChemically defined BS agar or HE agar meet the quality requirements of national standard.

ObjectiveTo investigate an incident of mushroom poisoning in Chenzhou, Hunan province in June 2020, analyze the cause of the incident, and provide a basis for formulating prevention and control measures.MethodsEpidemiological investigation was carried out to find the cause of poisoning. The samples of suspicious poisonous mushroom were collected for morphological identification, and the mushroom toxin and blood samples were determined by LC-MS.ResultsThere were 7 cases of mushroom poisoning and 1 death. All the patients ate wild mushrooms picked up by themselves, and the incubation period was 14-23 h. Early clinical manifestations included vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms, which led to progressive liver damage and death in severe cases due to acute liver failure. Blood biochemistry showed abnormal elevation of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. The remaining wild mushrooms collected on site were identified as Amanita fuliginea by morphological identification and mushroom toxin test.ConclusionThis was a mushroom poisoning incident caused by the accidental ingestion of highly toxic Amanita fuliginea. Publicity on mushroom poisoning should be strengthened. Rapid screening technique of mushroom toxin and Foodborne Disease Surveillance Network should be improved to reduce the incidence of mushroom poisoning and death.

With the advancement of urbanization, reasonable allocation of public service resources is crucial for the sustainable development of cities and other regions. Education is the cornerstone of national revitalization and social progress; thus, the spatial distribution of educational resources should be in line with the overall trend of population distribution. This study attempts to evaluate the status of basic educational resource allocation on a finer scale based on population spatialization and POI (Point of Interest) data. We studied Changsha City in Hunan Province, where the 2018 census data were distributed into 100-m grids using POI, nighttime light, land use, road network, DEM (Digital Elevation Model), and other data as control variables based on the Random Forest model. We analyzed the spatial accessibility of basic education resources using cost weighted raster analysis and calculated the matching degree between the supply and demand of the resources using the improved potential model. The findings indicate that: 1) At the village (community) scale, the linear correlation coefficient (R2) of the population density between the result of population spatialization and the census data reached 0.73, which is better than WorldPop (World Population Dataset). Overall, the population distribution was displayed as a spatial distribution pattern of "one main-two sub-multi points", which could reflect the spatial characteristics of the population distribution in detail. 2) The spatial accessibility of the basic educational resources in Changsha was generally good: 97.72%, 96.20%, and 89.46% of the residents can reach the nearest primary schools, middle schools, and high schools, respectively, within 30 minutes. The difference in accessibility between the urban and rural areas was significant: the accessibility of the basic educational resources in facilities-intensive and traffic-developed areas was good and the villages (communities) with bad accessibility to basic education resources were concentrated in large counties with a large population of woodland and mountainous areas, especially in the surrounding mountainous areas of Liuyang County. 3) Generally, the basic educational resources in the urban areas of Changsha City and Liuyang and Ningxiang counties were in a balanced state of supply and demand; however, there were some areas where improvements were required. The matching degree between the supply and demand of basic education resources in towns was slightly higher, whereas in rural areas, it was mostly in a high-value state within the service radius and the intensity gradually decreased with facilities as the center. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the allocation of school buses and the ability of schools to receive boarding students to expand the scope of student sources. Previous studies mostly used large-scale census data, which ignored the spatial differences within each administrative unit. While some studies used small-scale census data such as those on residential quarters and buildings, however, these data are often difficult to obtain. This study provides research ideas for the precise assessment of the status of urban public service resource allocation and support for the diagnosis and improvement of the shortcomings of the basic educational resource allocation in Changsha City.

Objective To analyze the effects of ghrelin on the pyroptosis pathway and the expression of inflammatory factors in septic lung injury, and explore its protective mechanism. Methods A total of 180 healthy male C57 BL/6 mice were divided into sham operation group (sham, n=24), cecal ligation and puncture group (CLP, n=78) and ghrelin group (n=78). The ghrelin group was intraperitoneally given ghrelin 12 nmol/kg at 3 h and 20 h after CLP surgery, while the other groups were given the same amount of normal saline. The 120-hour survival rate of each group was observed, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues of mice in 6, 12 and 24 h after CLP group, ghrelin group and in 24 h for sham groups were collected respectively, and the total protein concentration and total cell number in BALF were detected. The expression of ghrelin as well as inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-18 was tested by ELISA. Moreover, the expression of gasdermin D (GSDMD) was determined by immunofluorescence staining, and the levels of pyroptosis signal pathway proteins including NOD-like receptor protein (NLRP3), ASC, Caspase-1 and GSDMD were detected by qPCR and Western blotting. Results As compared with sham group, the mortality, pathological changes of lung tissue and levels of inflammatory factors (IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-18) in CLP group were significantly increased (P < 0.05); the level of ghrelin in the lung tissue was dropped, while those of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and GSDMD rose in the CLP group (P < 0.05). After administration of exogenous ghrelin, the death rate of septic lung injury mice was declined, the pathological damage of lung tissue was alleviated, and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and GSDMD were all decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion Ghrelin improves the survival rate of septic lung injury mice and reduces the pathological changes of lung tissue, which may play a protective role by inhibiting the pathway of pyroptosis and alleviating inflammation.

It is a common challenge for the surgeon to detect pathological tissues and determine the resection margin during a minimally invasive surgery. In this study, we present a drop-in sensor probe based on the electrical bioimpedance spectroscopic technology, which can be grasped by a laparoscopic forceps and controlled by the surgeon to inspect suspicious tissue area conveniently. The probe is designed with an optimized electrode and a suitable shape specifically for Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS). Subsequently, a series of ex vivo experiments are carried out with porcine liver tissue for feasibility validation. During the experiments, impedance measured at frequencies from 1 kHz to 2 MHz are collected on both normal tissues and water soaked tissue. In addition, classifiers based on discriminant analysis are developed. The result of the experiment indicate that the sensor probe can be used to measure the impedance of the tissue easily and the developed tissue classifier achieved accuracy of 80% and 100% respectively.

Aeolian sand is an important construction material in many desert regions. In order to study its engineering properties, samples were extracted from two sections within Yulin city, Shaanxi province of China. One set was collected from a site along the G210 highway that connects Yulin city and Inner Mongolia, and the other sampling site was along the provincial highway S204 that connects Yulin and Jingbian city. Sieve analyses using square mesh and round mesh sieves were conducted to determine the particle size distribution of the collected sand samples. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the surface microstructure and mineral composition of the sand particles, respectively. Based on the sieve analyses results, the size distribution of the Aeolian sand particles in this region is mainly between 0.075 mm and 0.3 mm with low clay content (0.69–10.3%). Also, it was found that the square mesh is more effective than the round mesh for conducting sieve analysis of Aeolian sand, with the 0.15 mm sieve identified as the key sieve size. Using the percentage passing rates in the 0.15 mm square sieve as a classification index, the particle gradation of the sand particles was simplified into three classes: Class A (less than 30%), Class B (between 30% and 60%), and Class C (more than 60%). SEM observation revealed different profile configurations on the surfaces of the Aeolian sand particles including intensive pitting, corrosion marks, and cracks, while the XRD results indicated the presence of quartz and feldspar in more than 95% of the entire mineral composition of the sand particles. Minerals that are deleterious to cement and mortar used in road construction were present in negligible amounts. From the particle size characterization, it is possible to use Aeolian sand as a subgrade material in road construction due its lower clay content. Also, the negligible amount of minerals such as calcite and chlorite in the Aeolian sand mineral composition indicates its potential for use in cement and mortar without causing any complex chemical reactions. The findings of this study indicate the possibility of utilizing the Aeolian sand deposits in Yulin area as a road construction material and also provide a theoretical guide to encourage its widespread application in this regard.

Objectives: To compare the aqueous concentrations of inflammatory and angiogenetic factors in vitrectomized vs. non-vitrectomized eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME).Methods: Aqueous samples were obtained from 107 eyes with DME before intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF, 36 eyes with previous pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with pan-retinal endolaser photocoagulation (PRP), and 71 treatment-naïve. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, interferon-induced protein (IP)-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured by cytometric bead array (CBA). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used for measuring central retinal thickness (CRT).Results: IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, and MCP-1 in aqueous humor of DME vitrectomized eyes were significantly higher than in non-vitrectomized DME eyes, while VEGF was lower than in non-vitrectomized DME eyes. VEGF in aqueous humor significantly correlated with CRT for DME in non-vitrectomized DME eyes. IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, and MCP-1 in aqueous humor were not significantly associated with VEGF for DME in vitrectomized eyes.Conclusions: Inflammation might play an important role in the pathogenesis of DME in vitrectomized eyes. Moreover, inflammation might play a central role in the development of DME via the VEGF-independent pathway. Thus, anti-inflammatory therapy might be a strategy for DME in vitrectomized eyes.

The influence of different multi-stage aging heat treatment on microstructure and corrosion resistance of 7056 alloy was investigated by the measurements of transmission electron microscope(TEM), scanning electron microscope(SEM),mechanical properties and electrical conductivity, exfoliation corrosion, slow strain rate testing(SSRT), Tafel cyclic polarization. The results show that after over-aging and re-aging heat treatment, the solute atoms precipitate again, and the volume fraction of the precipitate in the matrix increases, the grain boundary precipitates coarsen and become discontinuous, the precipitate-free zone becomes wider. Compared with 120℃/24h pre-aging,120℃/6h has advantage in terms of dissolution of finer precipitates and the growth of large coarse phase. Re-aging heat treatment can improve the strength and conductivity of over-aging alloys;compared with peak aging and retrogression and re-aging, the loss of tensile strength of the alloy is not significant, while the conductivity increases obviously. After over-aging and re-aging heat treatment, continuous anodic dissolution is avoided effectively, and the exfoliation corrosion resistance and stress corrosion cracking is enhanced.

The effect of trace Ge on the microstructure and quenching sensitivity of 7056 aluminum alloy was studied by mechanical tensile and end quenching experiments, combined with some analysis methods such as metallographic observation, hardness test, conductivity test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The results show that the trace element can refine the alloy grain sizes,the grain size is reduced from 137μm to 114μm; the addition of trace Ge formes coarse Mg2Ge phase on the grain boundary and inhibits the formation of the T phase.In addition, compared with the Ge-free alloy, the width of the precipitation free zone of the Ge-bearing alloy becomes narrow, and is decreased from 190nm to 90nm, and the size of the precipitated phase at the grain boundary is reduced.The trace addition of Ge could reduce the quench sensitivity of alloy, increased the quenching depth of the alloy about 25%,which may be caused by the addition of Ge which changes the number and size of η equilibrium phase during slow cooling; the addition of Ge reduces the free vacancy concentration in the alloy, non-uniform nucleation and growth of the η equilibrium phase at the defect are suppressed, which increases the number of strengthening η' precipitates after aging.Thus the drop in the strength is decreased during slow quenching,which increases the hardenability of the alloy.

To truly represent the developing changes and spatiotemporal effects of gas explosion in underground mine, this paper discussed the field modeling and visual simulation technology of mine gas explosion. Through analyzing the characteristics of various field parameters, space geometric field models, physical attribute field models, and meteorological parameter field models were established to describe mine engineering, ventilation network, and explosion disaster process, respectively. Based on the generated model class and simulation timing flow of gas explosion disaster field, OpenGL technology was adopted to visualize the model of gas explosion disaster field, which simulated the overpressure propagation process of gas explosion shockwave and dynamic spread process of disaster gas, thereby to reveal the developing changes of gas explosion parameters in time and space. Taking the gas explosion accident that occurred in a certain mine in China as an example, the disaster process was inferred to examine the availability of the mine gas explosion disaster field model. The research achievements in the paper not only embody the great engineering value of visual simulation technology in the field of safety engineering but also provide references for accident impact prediction, assessment, and emergency plan.

Introduction Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols are typically characterised by an increased number of oocytes retrieved. The oocytes are often of poor quality, leading to lower pregnancy rates, higher miscarriage rates and an increased risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Since our previous preliminary study showed that a novel progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol blocked the luteinising hormone (LH) surge during IVF and achieved a higher pregnancy rate with a lower incidence of OHSS, we designed a prospective randomised controlled trial to compare the efficacy and safety of this PPOS protocol with the flexible gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol in patients with PCOS who are undergoing IVF procedures.Methods and analysis Patients with PCOS will be randomised to one of two controlled ovarian stimulation regimens—GnRH antagonist or PPOS—using a computer-generated random number. A freeze-all strategy using embryo vitrification techniques and frozen embryo transfer will be performed in both groups. The primary outcome is the live-birth rate per transfer. Secondary outcomes include the incidence of premature LH surges, the duration and total dose of human menopausal gonadotropin stimulation, the number of oocytes retrieved, the incidence of moderate or severe OHSS, the number of embryos available for transfer, implantation rates, clinical pregnancy rates, pregnancy loss rates, ectopic pregnancy rates, pregnancy and neonatal complications, and congenital anomalies. The necessary sample size for this trial was estimated as 392 participants, with 196 participants in each group. Intention-to-treat analysis was used in processing our experimental data.Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the hospital (2016-133-T82). The trial will be conducted according to the principles of the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki and in accordance with Good Clinical Practice standards. The findings of this trial will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration number ChiCTRIPR16009580.