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Large amounts of antibiotics and microplastics are used in daily life and agricultural production, which affects not only plant growth but also potentially the food safety of vegetables and other plant products. Fast detection of the presence of antibiotics and microplastics in leafy vegetables is of great interest to the public. In this work, a method was developed to detect sulfadiazine and polystyrene, commonly used antibiotics and microplastics, in vegetables by measuring and modeling photosystem II chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) emission from leaves. Chrysanthemum coronarium L., a common beverage and medicinal plant, was used to verify the developed method. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer analysis were used to show the presence of the two pollutants in the samples. The developed kinetic model could describe measured ChlF variations with an average relative error of 0.6%. The model parameters estimated for the chlorophyll a fluorescence induction kinetics curve (OJIP) induction can differentiate the two types of stresses while the commonly used ChlF OJIP induction characteristics cannot. This work provides a concept to detect antibiotic pollutants and microplastic pollutants in vegetables based on ChlF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prevalent chronic autoimmune disease posing a considerable burden on both individuals and society. Tumor necrosis induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2), closely related to PEST-containing nuclear protein (PCNP) expression, is an immune-related protein potentially involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we aimed to assess differential expressions of TIPE2 and PCNP in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) between active and inactive RA patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant studies were selected from Medline, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Only observational studies (irrespective of publication status, language, or blinding), which compared patients in high disease activity, irrespective of the sample size, with patients in low disease activity of RA were evaluated. RESULTS: Four studies were included with 248 patients, 138 in the active group and 110 in the inactive group. Three studies provided data on TIPE2 expression levels, where 106 patients were divided into the active group and 88 patients were divided into the inactive group. The pooled analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (WMD: 5.60; 95% CI: 5.02-6.18). Two studies provided data on PCNP expression levels, where 64 patients were divided into the active group and 44 patients were divided into the inactive group. The pooled analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (WMD: 7.76; 95% CI: 3.09-12.43). CONCLUSIONS: The expression levels of TIPE2 and PCNP are significantly increased in PBMCs of active RA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]