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This study aimed to determine the locations of the inferior epigastric arteries in a group of Uygur by ultrasound and explore the anatomical characteristics of vessels in the management of inferior epigastric bleeding.The study included 61 patients. The locations of inferior epigastric arteries through ultrasound were determined at three levels, and the distance from the midline was correlated with patients' demographics by Pearson correlation coefficient.This study included 52 males and nine females, with a mean age of 37.56 years (± SD 3.16) and a mean BMI of 24.34 kg/mInferior epigastric arteries were located between 3.5 and 8 cm from the midline, with the right vessel being closer to the midline than the left. The invasive operations through the abdominal wall should avoid these areas to reduce vascular injury. The anatomical characteristics of inferior epigastric arteries may potentially manage inferior epigastric bleeding.

The smoothness of smartphone operations is essential to user perceptual experience. However, the underlying mechanism of how smoothness can impact user experience has not been elucidated. In this paper, we conducted two experiments to explore factors that may potentially affect user perceptual experience of smoothness in smartphone operation and examined how these factors contributed. In experiment 1, ten participants were invited and they were sensitive to the smoothness of the smartphone. Participants used swiping gesture to manipulate 27 sequences with different forms of frame loss on the microblog simulation interface, and gave mean opinion scores (MOS) according to self perception. According to the experimental results, three factors that affect smoothness perception were found: single frame-loss number (SFLN), frame-loss time (FLT), and frame-loss interval (FLI). But the effect of each factor was effective only in some conditions. In experiment 2, 20 participants gave their MOS of 84 sequences, and these sequences were divided into three parts by three factors of experiment 1. Participants’ electrophysiological data was also collected to verify the validity of the participants’ scores. The results of an analysis of variance and Student–Newman–Keuls (SNK) test showed that a SFLN, FLT, and their interaction results significantly affected the user perception of smoothness in smartphone operation. Specifically, the effect of a SFLN was more significant than that of FLT. The effect of the FLI on user perceptual experience was relatively low, but the interactive effect of FLT and interval was significant. Finally, regression analyses were conducted to obtain the fitting formulas. Our research results reflect some preliminary suggestions, so as to guide developers to configure the performance of smart phones, in order to control the frame loss of smart phones and avoid bad user evaluation.

The rapid development of autonomous driving technology made it possible to implement autonomous buses (ABs) for public passenger transport. Previous work has shown that for passengers, different autonomous driving scenarios will produce different information expectations. Passengers will have more information needs for unexpected autonomous driving scenarios. And the provision of relevant information can mitigate these negative effects of unexpected behavior. Nevertheless, it remains unclear in which conditions are unexpected scenarios for passengers of ABs, and what information expectations are for different scenarios. Through a semi-structured field qualitative study of 10 passengers, we have obtained seven factors that affect the HMI experience of ABs. Three unexpected scenarios and four reasons why the unexpected scenarios affect the passenger experience are identified. And passengers' expectations of different HMI information for normal and unexpected autonomous driving scenarios. Based on the above results, we proposed HMI information design recommendations for ABs.

The development of autonomous intelligence and the Internet of Vehicles technology has made conditional autonomous driving possible, and task switching under dynamic driving is a consequent research hotspot. The driver can engage in non-driving related tasks (NDRTs). However, there are situations where NDRTs are interrupted and need to be resumed. To improve user experience and work efficiency in task switching, this paper analyzed interruption and resumption scenarios of the online meeting task under automatic driving, built the interruption resumption model and derived the resumption and prompt interface design framework of online meetings. Based on the framework, we designed, evaluated, and verified the on-board resumption and prompt interface of online meetings. The evaluation results show that the resumption and prompt interface based on the design framework can effectively realize the reconstruction of NDRT. The work contributes to improving the design quality and user experience of the resumption and prompt interface.

Working in kitchen environment can inevitably be exposed to noise, which affects operators’ emotion valance, especially stimulates annoyance. Existing studies have demonstrated the sound masking effect a potential method to mask noise using other sounds to enhance emotion valence. However, there are no study on the sound masking in the kitchen environment. The purpose of this study is to apply sound masking and use six natural sounds, flowing water and waterfall, robin and wood thrush, cicada and katydid, to mask noise of range hood, which is the main source of noise in kitchen. And an experiment was conducted to investigate participants’ perception towards masking effect. The results of this study revealed that the masking effect of natural sounds was significant on enhancing participants’ perception to noise through stimulating more positive valence and reducing annoyance, and the ranking of annoyance and emotion valence were given through analysis.

In the traditional context, the driver interacts with pedestrians in some informal ways, such as gestures and eye contact. However, pedestrians need to communicate with autonomous vehicles in the future and infer the state and intention of autonomous vehicles. This study aims to study how pedestrian-AV interaction is affected by the eHMI by exploring participants’ subjective feelings and underlying attitudes. In the VR experiment, participants (N = 12) encountered an autonomous vehicle in the scenario of the vehicle turning right. Several visual eHMIs and auditory eHMI were designed and combined them into 6 eHMI types. The results show that the eHMI will bring a positive experience to pedestrians. The eHMI with an audio-visual modality is better than eHMI with a single modality. Pedestrians selected the symbol + anthropomorphic voice eHMI as preferable over other eHMI types. Besides, the results also reveal how pedestrians feel about different eHMI types.

The purpose of this study was to discuss changes in usability evaluation of human-machine interfaces (HMI) from the perspective of automated vehicles. This paper summarized the current status of research on the usability of automated vehicle human-machine interfaces (AV-HMI), and established a research framework for the usability of AV-HMI. Firstly, the basic concept and the two characteristics of AV-HMI usability were explained and analyzed. Then, the research progress of usability research tools, i.e., evaluation indicators and evaluation methods, was summarized. Finally, the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of different evaluation methods were analyzed in detail, which can provide a reference for the selection of usability evaluation methods for AV-HMI.

In this paper, we consider how to help people build reasonable trust in logistics robots through human-machine interface design in the post-epidemic era, achieving the goal of increasing logistics robots’ utilization rate. Based on people’s demand for logistics robots in the epidemic and the analysis from three aspects: logistics vehicles, trust issues, and Acute Stress Symptoms (ASSs), and then analyzed the design method to get the man-machine interface design strategy: a design for positive emotions while highlighting the system’s transparency. This research provides designers and researchers with design strategies and guidance by obtaining a design strategy for a specific logistics robots design case.

The success of survey activities depends on respondents’ effort. In survey for business and campus management purpose, the respondents are generally ‘passive stakeholders’, of whom the mean level of effort in the surveys are low. For enhancing the responding effort of such user group, we adopted the design ethnography research to find out related human factors and design strategies. In the ethnography study, semi-structural interview was adopted for data collection, along with thematic coding and card sorting for analysis. From this study, we proposed six types of reasons for low engagement, including: Negative expectation, Perceived flaw, Investigation itself as an obstacle, Social pressure, Task burden, Bad experiences. We also found that lack of motivation is the main reason for low engagement in surveys conducted under the specific initiator-respondent relationship.

Biochar was prepared from two different types of biological waste materials, corn cob (CC) and sugarcane bagasse (SB). The adsorption capacity of each class of adsorbent was determined by chlortetracycline (CTC) adsorption tests. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of chlortetracycline onto sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBB) and corn cob biochar (CCB) were studied. Experimental results indicated that pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics of CTC onto SBB and CCB were more reasonable than pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the adsorption kinetic model of CTC onto SBB was slightly better than that onto CCB. The maximum adsorption capacity of CTC onto SBB was 16.96 mg/g at pH 4, while the highest adsorption efficiency of CTC onto CCB was achieved at pH 5 with a maximum adsorption of 12.39 mg/g. The Freundlich isotherm model was better than the Langmuir model at illustrating the adsorption process of CTC onto SBB and CCB. These results provide a way to understand the value of specific biochars, which can be used as efficient and effective adsorbents for CTC removal from waste-water. Compared with raw pinewood, SBB and CBB were considered as alternative materials to remove antibiotics from aqueous environments.

We previously identified TDRG1 (testis developmental related gene 1), a novel gene with exclusive expression in testis, promoted the proliferation and progression of cultured human seminoma cells through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. As increasing evidence reveal that aberrant activation of this signaling is involved in cisplatin resistance. Then, in this study, we further explored whether TDRG1 regulated the chemosensitivity of seminoma TCam-2 cells to cisplatin. Our researches showed TDRG1 could regulate the viability of TCam-2 cells following cisplatin treatment in vitro through control of both cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Mechanistically, we observed TDRG1 positively regulated the expression levels of the key elements in PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway including p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR and also affected the translocation of nuclear p-Akt in TCam-2 cells during cisplatin treatment. Meanwhile, the levels of Bad, cytochrome c, caspase-9 ratio (activated/total), caspase-3 ratio (activated/total) and cleaved-PARP were negatively modulated by TDRG1, which meant the involvement of mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, we found the effect of TDRG1 knockdown or TDRG1 overexpression could be reversed by IGF-1, a PI3K signaling activator, or LY294002, a inhibitor of this pathway, respectively. Similar effects of TDRG1 on cisplatin chemosensitivity and associated molecular mechanism were also confirmed in vivo by employing xenograft assays. In addition, the positive correlation between TDRG1 and p-PI3K, or p-Akt, was found in tumor tissues from seminoma patients. In conclusion, we uncover that TDRG1 regulates chemosensitivity of TCam-2 cells to cisplatin through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway both in vitro and in vivo.

The herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is globally used in agriculture and has been linked to human sperm abnormalities in vivo. However, its effects on ejaculated human spermatozoa in vitro have not been characterized. Therefore, we examined the effects of 2,4-D on the functions of ejaculated human spermatozoa in vitro, including: sperm motility, the ability to move through a viscous medium, capacitation, and the acrosome reaction. Different doses of 2,4-D (10 nM, 100 nM, 1 µM, 10 µM, 100 µM, and 200 µM) were applied to human spermatozoa prepared from normal fresh semen samples. The results indicated that 2,4-D did not affect the viability, capacitation, or spontaneous acrosome reactions of human spermatozoa, but it dose-dependently inhibited the total motility, progressive motility, ability to penetrate viscous medium, and progesterone-induced capacitation and acrosome reaction rates. These results suggest that exposure to 2,4-D and its accumulation in the seminal plasma and follicular fluid might increase the risk of infertility. Our findings provide new insights for understanding the male reproductive toxicity of 2,4-D.

Responsiveness is an important factor to be considered in human-computer interfaces. With the advent of touch screen based smartphones and the evolve of more responsive technology, the user-acceptable levels of response time have changed considerably. However, previous studies have focused more on computers than on smartphones. The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between response time and user perception in the context of smartphone interactions. Different response times from 300 to 5400 ms were manipulated for four common task types in three applications, this simulation enables us to collect users’ subjective evaluations and physiological measures including pupil dilation and galvanic skin response. The applicability of Web-Fechner Law is demonstrated when the response time is in milliseconds. Results also showed statistically significant effects from task type and loading animation. Users have lower tolerance when they swipe to switch pages and have greater tolerance on interfaces with a loading animation, which provide the developers with clearer design requirements guidance.

The main purpose of this paper is to reduce the awareness conflict between users and designers with methods of linguistic metaphor analysis and spatial gestures based on image schema. Two experiments are designed in this paper. The research methods include situation simulation, oral report, Image schema extraction and path extraction from the gesture recording. The results of these experiments are integrated to generate a user requirements interpreting system. Visualized options are provided by capturing the spatial gestures from users so that language is transformed into a visualized expression. Spatial model can be established by capturing the spatial sign language paths of the users on the basis of image schema, which provide the designers with clearer design requirements guidance and a communication platform for both users and designers.

In online fashion retail platform, the customer service has played an essential role during the shopping process. In this study we focus on the service design of fashion matching experience in online shopping platform in different service scenarios, which has become one of the key issues of the fashion matching service. Based on the previous research on the matching service during the shopping process, we took the Chinese consumer as an example and focused our research on the fashion matching when the customers make purchase decision. In this paper, a new matching platform was designed based on fashion items and adopted the methods of verbal report and Likert scale to analysis the customer’s shopping experience. The experiments results indicate that with the item-based matching platform, the experience of customer online shopping is promoted to some extent, and customers can enjoy the entertainment and practicality of the interactive matching service. Moreover, this item-based service can be used by designers to provide matching references.

The development of mobile application in our daily lives has changed our way of receive various of information, the way people use mobile devices to receive information has become whenever and wherever based on the mobile network technique. End user experience in the context of Internet services is also depend on the waiting time in the beginning of service and the intervals during the service caused by the system delays. We use several factors buffer, stalling time) to investigate the relationship between the video QoE and delay. We used the results of these analyses to inform the construction of the user’s satisfaction influenced by time delay. Given by the experiment results, we have conclusion some factors-based contexts which could influence the user’s satisfaction and some changeable QoE-related trends based on those three factors.

The herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is globally used in agriculture and has been linked to human sperm abnormalities in vivo. However, its effects on ejaculated human spermatozoa in vitro have not been characterized. Therefore, we examined the effects of 2,4-D on the functions of ejaculated human spermatozoa in vitro, including: sperm motility, the ability to move through a viscous medium, capacitation, and the acrosome reaction. Different doses of 2,4-D (10 nM, 100 nM, 1 µM, 10 µM, 100 µM, and 200 µM) were applied to human spermatozoa prepared from normal fresh semen samples. The results indicated that 2,4-D did not affect the viability, capacitation, or spontaneous acrosome reactions of human spermatozoa, but it dose-dependently inhibited the total motility, progressive motility, ability to penetrate viscous medium, and progesterone-induced capacitation and acrosome reaction rates. These results suggest that exposure to 2,4-D and its accumulation in the seminal plasma and follicular fluid might increase the risk of infertility. Our findings provide new insights for understanding the male reproductive toxicity of 2,4-D.

Testis developmental related gene 1 (TDRG1) is a novel human testis-specific gene. TDRG1 is differentially expressed in cancerous tissue compared with normal testicular tissue and demonstrates a unique expression pattern in normal testes; therefore, this gene may be involved in the occurrence and development of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). In the present study, the expression level of TDRG1 was downregulated in human TGCT NTERA-2 cells by RNA interference (RNAi) in order to investigate the association between TDRG1 and TGCT. The TDRG1 mRNA and protein expression levels in NTERA-2 cells were significantly inhibited following transfection with specific RNAi plasmids. The ability to proliferate (inhibited by 15.4% at day 3 and 26.1% at day 5; P

Along with the computation and analysis for nonlinear system being more and more involved in the fields such as automation control, electronic technique and electrical power system, the nonlinear theory has become quite a attractive field for academic research. In this paper, we derives the solutions for state equation of nonlinear system by using the inverse operator method (IOM) for the first time. The corresponding algorithm and the operator expression of the solutions is obtained. An actual computation example is given, giving a comparison between IOM and Runge-kutta method. It has been proved by our investigation that IOM has some distinct advantages over usual approximation methods in that it is computationally convenient, rapidly convergent, provides accurate solutions not requiring perturbation, linearization, or the massive computations inherent in discrietization methods such as finite differences. So the IOM provides an effective method for the solution of nonlinear system, is of potential application valuable in nonlinear computation.

Objective To explore the efficacy of T-shaped shunt operation for the treatment of ischemic priapism. Methods We retrospectively studied nine patients with ischemic priapism. All patients were given preoperative MRI examination, T-shaped shunt operation and heparin saline flushing were performed when conservative therapy failed, a wedge biopsy of corpus cavernosum were done during the operation for tissue diagnosis. Results All patients had satisfactory outcome of the T-shaped shunt surgery except two patients who were diagnosed as malignant priapism, one was due to perineal neuroendocrine carcinoma and he refused taking further therapy and died 3 months later; the other was caused by penile epithelioid sarcoma and then accepted partial resection of penis; during 6–12 months follow-up, five cases developed erectile dysfunction. Conclusions MRI appears to be valuable for the management of ischemic priapism. Although T-shaped shunt operation has advantages of simple operation, less complications and satisfactory efficacy, it is not suitable for the patient of ischemic priapism which is caused by tumor. A wedge biopsy of corpus cavernosum during operation is helpful to confirm malignant priapism.