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Tight carbonate reservoirs in the Western Qaidam Basin have complex lithologies and pore structures. The oil–water mobility law in reservoirs has not yet been completely determined, restricting the formulation of rational reservoir development methods. To bridge this gap, in this study, we used several test methods, such as casting thin sections, mercury intrusion, and nuclear magnetic resonance, to obtain the pore structure and oil–water displacement characteristics of tight carbonate reservoirs in the Western Qaidam Basin. The pore structures of the reservoirs could be categorized into three types: microfractures + dissolved pores + micropores (MFD), microfractures + micropores (MF), and matrix (M). The characteristics of single‐phase oil seepage and water flooding in reservoirs with various pore structures differed evidently. For the MF‐ and M‐types, the water‐locking effect caused by the strong capillary force affected oil charging in the micropores. The effect of the pressure drop on the MFD‐type algal limestone was less than that on the MF‐type limestone (dolomite) because of the occurrence of a non‐Darcy flow. The MFD‐type, which contained microfractures, had preferential seepage channels, resulting in obvious fluid channeling and low water displacement efficiency. Oil−water displacement mainly occurred in the dissolved pores and microfractures, suggesting that starting oil accumulation in the micropores was crucial. This study will assist in efficient development of tight carbonate reservoirs in the Western Qaidam Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the pathogenosis and prognostic markers for non-smoking female lung cancer patients with bioinformatics analysis and functional prediction of potential lung cancer associated genes in female non-smokers. Methods: Data for nonsmoking female patients with lung cancer were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R. DAVID online data base was used to perform gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), and STRING online software was used to perform protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis; then the plug-in (M-CODE) was used to screen the key DEGs; finally, GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier plotter were used to perform function prediction and prognosis analysis of key DEGs. Results: A total of 160 DEGs were screened, including 54 up-regulated and 106 down-regulated genes; GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly related to neovascularization, single cell adhesion, positive regulation of GTPase activity and signal transduction (all P<0.05). KEGG pathway analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), leukocyte transendothelial migration, tight junction and endocytosis (all P<0.05); PPI network analysis revealed 8 key DEGs, including TIE1, PECAM1, CLDN5, VEGFD, ICAM2, ESAM, EMCN and ROBO4. Conclusion: TIE1, CLDN5, ICAM2, ESAM, VEGFD and ROBO4 may be the research targets of the pathogenesis of non-smoking female lung cancer patients. PECAM1 and EMCN may be the new bio-markers to predict the progression and prognosis of nonsmoking female lung cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]