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Although the lung injury caused by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been extensively investigated, the incidence and mortality of lung injury after CPB remain a prominent clinical problem. The poor outcome has been attributed to multifactorial etiology, including the systemic inflammatory response and ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury during CPB. Lung injury after CPB is a complex pathophysiological process and has many clinical manifestations of mild to severe disease. Which is associated with prognosis. To alleviate this lung injury, interventions that address the pathogenesis are particularly important. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, mechanism and treatment options of lung injury after CPB, such as lung protection with intralipid.

This paper mainly solves the problem of on/off-grid switching for Energy Router grid-connected inverters on the AC side. A control strategy based on sliding mode disturbance observer is proposed to suppress the disturbance of the output current to the output voltage. At the same time, the improved pre-synchronization method is used to achieve fast synchronization of voltage amplitude and phase. An improved frequency shift method is proposed for islanding detection for droop control grid-connected inverters. Finally, the proposed methods are verified by simulation in MATLAB/Simulink.

In this research, the effect of different citric acid concentrations, ammonia concentration, temperature, leaching time, stirring speed and liquid-to-solid ratio on the zinc leaching from low-grade zinc oxide ore in a NH3-H3C6H5O7-H2O system were studied. The results showed that the zinc leaching rate is only 4.7% when the citric acid concentration is 0 M, and the leaching efficiency of Zn increased with increasing citric acid concentration. Under the conditions: citric acid concentration of 1.0 M, ammonia concentration of 6 M, temperature of 25 °C, leaching time of 60 min, stirring speed of 300 rpm and the starting solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, 81.2% of Zn is leached. The mineralogical changes of the low-grade zinc oxide ores during the processes were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy associated with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). From the evidence we deduced that citric ions complexed with zinc ions, forming a Zn-citrate complex. As a result, the zinc leaching rate was improved without the risk of pollution or pretreatment. This makes it as a good choice for a more ecological treatment of hemimorphite.

This paper proposes an energy router topology based on virtual generator theory. The AC and DC interfaces in this paper are controlled by a virtual synchronous generator (VSG)and virtual DC generator (VDG)to achieve coordinated control of AC and DC interface energy, respectively. The mathematical models of virtual DC generator and virtual AC generator control are also established separately, and AC and DC-side coordinated control was realized. Three kinds of working conditions were analyzed to verify the proposed energy router topology. The MATLAB simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed circuit topology and control strategy.

The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters ( g factors g xx , g yy , g zz and hyperfine structure constants A xx , A yy , A zz ) of the two Cu 2+ centers in disodium malonate trihydrate (DSMT) single crystal are theoretically interpreted using the high order perturbation formulas of these parameters for a 3d 9 ions in rhombically elongated octahedra. In the calculation, the rhombic crystal-field parameters are determined from the superposition model and the admixture of d -orbitals in the ground state wave function are taking account, the results show that although the admixture of the | d z 2 〉 state to the ground state wave function is small, it should not be neglected in calculations of the EPR parameters. The theoretical EPR parameters show good agreement with the observed values. The results are discussed.

The anisotropic g factors g i ( i = x , y , z ) for the six-fold coordinated orthorhombic Cu 2+ (1) site in YBa 1.9 Na 0.1 Cu 3 O 7−δ and the five-fold coordinated tetragonal Cu 2+ (2) site in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ are theoretically studied from the perturbation formulas of the g factors for a 3d 9 ion in orthorhombically and tetragonally elongated octahedra, respectively. The orthorhombic (or tetragonal) field parameters are obtained using the superposition model and the local structures of the Cu 2+ sites. In view of covalency, the contributions from the ligand orbital and spin-orbit coupling interactions are taken into account. For the Cu 2+ (1) site in YBa 1.9 Na 0.1 Cu 3 O 7−δ , the axial anisotropy Δ g [= g z −( g x − g y )/2] may be ascribed to the moderate (about 3%) elongation of the Cu–O distance along c axis, while the perpendicular anisotropy δ g (= g x − g y ) can be characterized by the planar bond length deviation difference δ R (≈0.083 A) in the perpendicular ( ab ) plane. However, for the Cu 2+ (2) site in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ , the anisotropy Δ g (= g || − g ⊥ ) is illustrated by the significant elongation of the [CuO 5 ] 8− cluster along c axis with about 25% longer axial Cu–O distance than the four planar ones. The theoretical g factors are in good agreement with the experimental data.

The spin-Hamiltonian parameters (g factors g ∥, g ⊥ and hyperfine structure constants A ∥, A ⊥) and the local structure for the tetragonal Cu2+ centre in trigonal ZnGeF6⋅6H2O crystal are theoretically studied using the perturbation formulae of these parameters for a 3 d 9 ion in tetragonally elongated octahedra. In the calculations, the contributions to the spin-Hamiltonian parameters from ligand orbital and spin-orbit coupling are included on the basis of the cluster approach in view of moderate covalency of the studied systems, and the required crystal-field parameters are obtained using the superposition model and the local structures of the studied [Cu(H2O)6] 2+ cluster. According to the calculations, the ligand octahedra around Cu2+ suffer relative elongation τ (≈ 0.085 A) along the [0 0 1] (or C 4) axis for the tetragonal Cu2+ centres in ZnGeF6⋅6H2O crystal, due to the Jahn–Teller effect. The calculated results show good agreement with the experimental data.

This paper proposes a power stable control strategy combine pitch control with torque control for direct-drive permanent magnet wind generation system in above-rated wind speed conditions. A Pitch controller based on fuzzy logic control is designed to keep the rotor speed from exceed its limit. Torque controller set electromagnetic torque reference according to the rated electrical power and rotor speed, and control the current to make the actual torque track torque reference to regulate the electrical power. Compared simulation results show that the proposed control strategy could better inhibiting power fluctuations.

The dechlorination efficiency of zinc oxide dust using microwave roasting was investigated capitalizing on the different microwave absorbing capacities of the compounds such as chlorine, lead, and zinc oxide. The associated dechlorination reactions were discussed in detail and the effect of all the influencing parameters such as the air flow rate, steam flow rate, the roasting temperature, roasting duration, and the mixing rate were assessed to identify the optimal conditions. The results indicated that a near 93% dechlorination of zinc oxide dust could be achieved, which would satisfy the requirements of the wet smelting electrolysis process. The optimal process parameters were identified to be an air flow of 300 L/h, a steam flow of 8 mL/min, a stirring speed of 60 rpm, a roasting temperature of 650 ºC, and a roasting duration of 60 min. Water vapor has an enhanced effect on dechlorination by microwave roasting.