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Postoperative malnutrition is a major issue among gastrointestinal cancer patients. Because n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have immunological benefits, n-3 PUFAs are widely used in oral nutritional supplements (ONS). However, n-3 PUFAs in ONS reduced patients' compliance with ONS and affected the role of ONS in maintaining the postoperative nutritional status of patients. The aim of this study was to systematically explore the benefits of enteral nutrition rich in n-3 PUFAs in maintaining the nutritional status of patients after gastrointestinal surgery. Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP databases were searched through March 16, 2019. The references of related reviews and studies were assessed up to March 16, 2019. The effect sizes from individual studies were calculated as the standardized mean difference (SMD), mean difference (MD), and risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). A total of 11 studies (n = 977) were included. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we observed that enteral supplementation of n-3 PUFAs had no significant effect on weight (MD, 1.09; 95% CI, -0.90, 3.08), body mass index (MD, 0.55; 95% CI, -1.45, 2.54), albumin (SMD, 0.39; 95% CI, -0.10, 0.87), wound infections (RR, 0.87, 95% CI, 0.57, 1.33), or pneumonia (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.60, 1.59) in gastrointestinal cancer patients. Thus, compared with enteral nutritional without n-3 PUFAs, enteral nutritional rich in n-3 PUFAs has no significant effects on nutritional status, incidence of pneumonia, or wound infections among gastrointestinal cancer patients during postoperative convalescence., Author(s): Guang-ying Wan [sup.1], Li-yuan Zheng [sup.1], Hui-qin Li [sup.1], Hua Yuan [sup.1], Hui Xue [sup.2], Xiu-ying Zhang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Department of Fundamental Nursing, School of Nursing, Jilin [...]

PurposeSunitinib is currently considered as the standard treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We aimed to better understand the mechanisms of sunitinib action in kidney cancer treatment and in the development of acquired resistance.Experimental designGene expression profiles of RCC tumor endothelium in sunitinib-treated and -untreated patients were analyzed and verified by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. The functional role of the target gene identified was investigated in RCC cell lines and primary cultures in vitro and in preclinical animal models in vivo.ResultsAltered expression of autotaxin, an extracellular lysophospholipase D, was detected in sunitinib-treated tumor vasculature of human RCC and in the tumor endothelial cells of RCC xenograft models when adapting to sunitinib. ATX and its catalytic product, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), regulated the signaling pathways and cell motility of RCC in vitro. However, no marked in vitro effect of ATX-LPA signaling on endothelial cells was observed. Functional blockage of LPA receptor 1 (LPA1) using an LPA1 antagonist, Ki16425, or gene silencing of LPA1 in RCC cells attenuated LPA-mediated intracellular signaling and invasion responses in vitro. Ki16425 treatment also dampened RCC tumorigenesis in vivo. In addition, coadministration of Ki16425 with sunitinib prolonged the sensitivity of RCC to sunitinib in xenograft models, suggesting that ATX-LPA signaling in part mediates the acquired resistance against sunitinib in RCC.ConclusionsOur results reveal that endothelial ATX acts through LPA signaling to promote renal tumorigenesis and is functionally involved in the acquired resistance of RCC to sunitinib.

The study was to establish a method for the simultaneous determination of six growth promoting antibacterial agents in premixes by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. An acetonitrile-0.25% formic acid aqueous solution (50: 50) was used as the solvent, and the samples were pretreated by ultrasonic extraction. A 0.05 mol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution (pH value adjusted to 3.8 with formic acid)-acetonitrile was used as the mobile phase, and the samples were separated by gradient elution and C18 column. The results showed that the detection limit of six antibacterial agents was 1~10 mg/g. In the range of 2~100 mg/g of the added concentration, the peak areas of the main components of the six growth promoting antibacterial agents detected by the method had a good linear relationship, and the correlation coefficient R2 was 0.999 4~1.000 0. The average recoveries of six antibacterial agents were 92.2%~104.6%. The study indicates that the proposed method is efficient, reliable and sensitive, which can be used for the detection of growth promoting antibacterial agents in premixes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to synthesize the barriers and facilitators of oral nutritional supplement adherence in people with cancer and assess levels of adherence. Databases including Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and Chinese Scientific Journal Database, were used to search articles before January 4, 2021. Eighteen studies with 1,267 participants met the inclusion criteria. All studies reported rates of adherence, ranging from 6.0% to 96.9%. Gastrointestinal intolerances and disliked tastes were considered common barriers to cancer patients' adherence, whereas the ONS management strategy was considered the most crucial facilitator of adherence. Health professionals can improve adherence through regular monitoring and guidance and incentive strategies, and paying attention to the management and prevention of adverse reactions when prescribing nutritional products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]