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Objective·To investigate the causal relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and cognitive impairment.Methods·A two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis was used to assess the potential causality of AF on cognitive dysfunction. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with AF were extracted as instrumental variables by using a dataset of a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) on AF. The associations of SNPs with Alzheimer′s disease dementia, Parkinson′s disease dementia, vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, undefined dementia, and overall cognitive function assessment were extracted separately from publicly available GWAS data on cognitive dysfunction. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used for the main analysis, and sensitivity analyses were conducted by using Cochran′s Q test, MR-Egger regression, and leave-one-out method. To verify the robustness of the results, replicate analyses and meta-analyses were performed by using different GWAS data.Results·In the initial analysis, 101 SNPs were extracted as instrumental variables from a meta-analysis of a genome-wide association study involving up to 1 030 836 individuals. The IVW analysis showed no evidence for causal associations between AF and dementia [dementia (OR=1.032; 95%CI 0.973‒1.094; P=0.290), Parkinson′s disease dementia (OR=1.004; 95%CI 0.780‒1.291; P=0.977), vascular dementia (OR=1.123; 95%CI 0.969‒1.301; P=0.125), or unspecified dementia (OR=1.013; 95%CI 0.910‒1.129; P=0.807)]. In the replication analysis, 27 SNPs were extracted as instrumental variables from the FinnGen AF GWAS data, and the IVW analysis were consistent with the initial analysis [cognitive function (OR=0.999; 95%CI 0.982‒1.016; P=0.874), Alzheimer′s disease dementia (OR=0.977; 95%CI 0.943‒1.012; P=0.193), Lewy body dementia (OR=1.014; 95%CI 0.898‒1.145; P=0.826), or frontotemporal dementia (OR=0.996; 95%CI 0.745‒1.333; P=0.980)]. Both Mendelian randomization analyses and meta-analyses showed no evidence of an association between genetically predicted AF and different types of dementia or overall cognitive function assessment. MR-Egger regression suggested no horizontal pleiotropy and leave-one-out analysis showed stable results after individually removing each SNP.Conclusion·No evidence of a causal relationship between AF and cognitive impairment was found. The associations observed in observational studies can be partially attributed to confounding factors such as shared biology or co-morbidities.

Objective: To explore a green and efficient method for extracting chitin. Methods: The crayfish shells were crushed through three mesh sieves to obtain the raw material. Utilizing ultrasonic wave and citric acid and urea to remove calcium and protein from the sample, decolorize it with hydrogen peroxide, filter it, and then dry it to produce chitin products. The particle size of the chitin sample was analyzed by laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer. Infrared absorption characteristics were measured by an infrared spectrometer. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the apparent structure of the sample. Results: It was shown that the larger the mesh size, the higher the purity of the chitin product. The yield of chitin from 200 mesh crayfish shell powder increased to 43.93%, and the purity increased to 55.39%. The particle size of chitin samples obtained from shrimp shell powder of three mesh numbers after plasma treatment decreased from 340.05, 184.30, and 137.39 μm without plasma treatment to 195.95, 159.02, and 53.51 μm respectively. Infrared spectrum analysis showed that the crayfish shell powder treated by plasma-assisted ultrasonic-assisted weak acid and weak base method displayed the absorption characteristics of chitin and magenta, indicating that the main component of the treated sample was chitin. The scanning electron microscope results showed that the structure of the chitin sample was looser and the surface was uneven after plasma treatment. Multiple statistical analyses showed that screening and plasma treatment had a significant impact on the whole properties of chitin samples. Conclusion: In this study, plasma and ultrasonic-assisted weak acid and weak base extraction of chitin from crayfish shells can improve the traditional acid-base process, reduce the environmental pollution of acid-base reagents, and effectively improve the extraction rate and purity of chitin.

ABSTRACT High-standard farmland construction is an important process that can enhance food security and accelerate new-style modernization agriculture. Hyperspectral remote sensing can provide data and technical support for this type of construction to provide a reference when optimizing high-standard farmland construction areas. This study was performed in Xinzheng City, the primary grain-producing areas in Henan Province. Field sampling and indoor hyperspectral spectroscopy (350~2500 nm) were combined; spectral transformations such as continuum removal (CR) were performed after Savitzky‒Golay (SG) convolution smoothing; and the best hyperspectral bands were selected as the common index of the soil properties by correlation analysis and fuzzy clustering maximum tree. A hyperspectral inversion model was built for the panel data model of the fixed effect variable coefficient based on the ordinary least squares estimation method (OLS), including panel data describing pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, chromium, cadmium, zinc, copper, and lead of 116 samples in Xinzheng City. Results show that the panel data model is of good quality overall, and the goodness of fit is higher (R2 = 0.9991, F = 2195.67). The precision test results indicate that the models performed well at both description and prediction, including accurate quantification, with an RPD above 2.5. Thus, the proposed model provides an important basis for soil information management, resource evaluation, and a reference when optimizing high-standard farmland construction processes.

Cultivated land is the foundation of food security, while coal guarantees the security of the energy. The coal-cropland overlapped area accounts for approximate 42.7% of the total cultivated land area in China, making it become a prominent contradiction between the extensive mining and cultivated land protection. How to realize the coordinated development of the coal mining and the cultivated land protection is an urgent problem in coal-cropland overlapped areas. This paper analyzes the research status and existing issues of the coordinated development between mining and cultivated land protection from the following three aspects: the damage mechanism of subsidence land in plain coal-cropland overlapped areas, the damage degree evaluation of subsidence land induced by mining, the control technology for the mining subsidence. Then, considering the characteristics of the cultivated land, such as the extensive protection-needed area and the high deformation tolerance, a new technical approach of controlling regional rock strata and surface deformation in green mining is proposed by combining source control and restoration. The corresponding prediction and control design methods of surface deformation are established. Additionally, the key research directions for the coordination of coal mining and cultivated land protection in the plain coal-cropland overlapped areas are pointed out, including the driving mechanism of cultivated land damage induced by mining in the plain area, protection thresholds for the quality of the cultivated land in subsidence areas, theories and methods of the subsidence coordinated control of the green mining facing the cultivated land protection. The main objective of this paper is to promote the coordinated development of the green mining and the cultivated land protection in the plain coal-cropland overlapped areas.

Hot dry rock is regarded as the clean energy of the future and is an important part of geothermal resources, with great research value and development prospects. The Weishan volcano, located in the northern part of the Wudalianchi volcanic group, was formed in the Pleistocene, and its age is only (0.57–0.31) ± 0.05 Ma. This area has a geothermal setting similar to but a younger age than that of the Fenton Hill volcano (formed 1.40–1.10 Ma) where a hot dry rock power project has operated since 1973. In this study, we used ambient noise tomography and magnetotelluric sounding methods to investigate deep heat sources beneath the Weishan volcano. The results show good geothermal conditions for hot dry rock formation in this region. A cooling magma chamber that might be the hot dry rock heat source is indicated in the upper crust at 6.5–13 km depth, with a volume of ∼200 km 3 . Our study suggests that the monzonitic granites of the Indosinian Xiaohongshan unit, which lies beneath the Late Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation and the Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian Beikuanhe Formation, should be the main target for further hot dry rock geothermal energy exploration and development.

Continuously rotating gimbals for scanning purposes are widely used in space applications. For high-precision gimbals, it is essential to lock the gimbal before launch and unlock it on orbit. This kind of gimbal puts forward the need for hold down release mechanisms that are able to clear the gap between the rotating and fixed parts at release. Existing technologies either lack the function of gap avoidance after separation or rely more or less on the elastic deformation of the structure or limited spring forces for unlocking, which are either unreliable or complicated. To address this problem, this paper presents the design of a novel non-pyrotechnic heavy-load hold down release mechanism (HDRM) based on shape memory alloy actuator. The proposed HDRM is shock-free and capable of clearing an axial gap of 8 mm for safe rotating at release. The structure and operational principle of the proposed design are straightforward. Detailed tests show the proposed HDRM may withstand a maximum external force of 50 KN with relatively high stiffness under 15 KN of preload, indicating a better performance than existing products. The HDRM demonstrates its promising usage as an alternative to traditional pyrotechnic and non-pyrotechnic HDRMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aims Design Methods Results Conclusion Implications for Patient Care Impact Reporting Method To investigate the prevalence of rapid response team delays, survival distribution of admission to rapid response team delay and its prognostic factors.A retrospective single‐centre study.Data on rapid response team activations from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2022 were retrieved from electronic medical records at a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou, China. All patients who met the eligibility criteria were included. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was conducted to analyse the data.Out of 636 patients included, 18.4% (117) experienced a delay, with a median (interquartile range) of 8.5 (12) days from admission to rapid response team activation. Six significant prognostic factors were found to be associated with the higher hazard ratio of rapid response team delay, including call time (05:01 PM and 7:59 AM), emergency admission, a higher Modified Early Warning Score, an admission diagnosis of infection, a comorbidity of respiratory failure/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and the absence of lung infection.The prevalence of rapid response team delays was lower, and the days from admission to rapid response team delay was longer than in previous studies. Healthcare providers are suggested to prioritise the care of high‐risk patient groups and provide proactive monitoring to ensure timely identification and management.Implementing artificial intelligence in continuous monitoring systems for high‐risk patients is recommended. The findings help nurses anticipate potential delays in rapid response team activation, enabling better preparedness.The study highlights the prevalence of rapid response team delays, timing from admission to rapid response team activation and six prognostic factors influencing delays. It could shape patient care and inform future research. Hospital administrators should review staffing, especially during night shifts, to minimise delays. Further qualitative research is needed to explore why nurses may delay rapid response team activation.The STROBE checklist was adhered to when reporting this study.‘No patient or public contribution’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: The present study's findings are instrumental for clinicians and rehabilitation specialists in enhancing the therapeutic approaches for individuals afflicted with functional ankle instability (FAI). The distinct biomechanical adjustments, particularly the increased plantarflexion angle under a cognitive load, suggest that targeted interventions should address the ankle joint's dynamic stability. Rehabilitation programs can be enriched by integrating dual-task training scenarios that simulate the cognitive demands of real-world activities, thereby fostering improved motor control and proprioceptive awareness in FAI individuals. These insights also advocate for the customization of training environments, where both the physical and cognitive elements are manipulated to challenge and reinforce the adaptive mechanisms, ultimately aiming to improve the functional outcomes and reduce the predisposition to recurrent injuries in this population. This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanics of single-leg drop landing in individuals with functional ankle instability (FAI) during cognitive tasks, contrasting these findings with those of healthy controls to provide insights for evidence-based rehabilitation strategies. Fifteen FAI participants, identified using clinical tools, were age- and activity-matched with controls. They performed drop landings with and without a cognitive task, and the data were analyzed using a 2 × 2 mixed ANOVA. At the initial ground contact (IC), the FAI group's affected side showed a significantly smaller plantarflexion angle than the control group (p = 0.008). With cognitive tasks, this angle increased in the FAI group (p = 0.005). The FAI group also had larger knee flexion at contact (p = 0.002) and greater knee valgus at peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) (p = 0.027). They exhibited a higher peak vGRF, shorter time to peak vGRF (T-vGRF), and higher loading rate (LR) (all p < 0.05). No differences were found in other variables (p > 0.05). This study shows that FAI individuals make specific biomechanical adjustments under cognitive tasks, notably increased plantarflexion at IC, suggesting reactive compensations. Despite similar motor control to controls, this may reflect long-term adaptations rather than equal proficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Rehabilitation professionals can utilize these findings to design tailored treatment plans that balance the need for structural support and proprioceptive training. By incorporating both shod and barefoot exercises, clinicians can optimize the rehabilitation outcomes for individuals with FAI, leading to improved athletic performance and reduced injury recurrence rates. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for future research to explore the long-term effects of various footwear conditions on proprioception and motor control in FAI rehabilitation. (1) Background: This study investigated the impact of different footwear conditions on the biomechanics of individuals with Functional Ankle Instability (FAI) during single-leg drop landing movements. (2) Methods: Fifteen participants with FAI and a control group were tested. Kinematics and kinetics were measured using Vicon (Model: MX13, Oxford, UK) and Kistler (Model: 9287B, Switzerland) equipment. A mixed-ANOVA analyzed the impact of footwear conditions. (3) Results: At the initial contact (IC), under the shoe-wearing condition, the FAI group exhibited a significantly smaller ankle-joint plantarflexion angle compared to the control group (p = 0.001). The FAI group exhibited a significantly smaller ankle-joint plantarflexion angle under the shoe-wearing condition compared to the barefoot condition at the IC (p < 0.001). At the IC moment, regardless of the footwear conditions in this study, the FAI group showed a larger knee flexion angle (p = 0.028) and a shorter time to vertical ground reaction force (T_vGRF) (p = 0.020) compared to the control group. (4) Conclusions: The study concluded that footwear conditions significantly influence the biomechanics of FAI individuals, with shoes enhancing ankle stability and barefoot conditions leading to biomechanics similar to healthy individuals. The effect of socks on FAI individuals was not significant. Future research should further explore the impact of footwear on FAI rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reinjection is thought to be the most effective way to maintain reservoir pressure and production capacity for hydrothermal resources. The use of external water injection to replenish deep geothermal reservoirs is a new approach in China to addressing the problems of declining groundwater levels and energy depletion caused by the excessive and uneven exploitation of geothermal resources. However, the key challenge and focus of the feasibility assessment of this method lies in the chemical compatibility of the external water with the native geothermal reservoir water and surrounding rocks. In this paper, we discuss the geochemical response of a dolomite reservoir to lake water injection based on experiments on water–rock interaction in the Wumishan formation in the Dongli Lake area of Tianjin. The results show that after reactions with dolomite, the TDS of the reacted water decreases, indicating the occurrence of precipitation. According to the calculation results obtained using the PHQREEC program, the precipitation amount is found to be quite limited. Geochemical analysis indicates that at the initial stage of the reactions, plagioclase dissolves and releases alkaline metals like Ca-, Na-, SiO2- and Al-bearing compositions, leading to the oversaturation and precipitation of dolomite and calcite. As the reaction progresses, a portion of the dolomite dissolves, while the calcite continues to precipitate at a later stage. Illite precipitates and its effects on reservoir structure depend on its shape. Based on the experimental data, it can be concluded that the dolomite reservoir will be slightly affected by the reinjection of lake water; however, it is still a good method for the sustainable development of geothermal resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the escalation in emergency occurrences has underscored the pressing need for expedient responses in delivering essential supplies. Efficient integration and precise allocation of emergency resources under joint government–enterprise stockpiling models are pivotal for enhancing emergency response effectiveness and minimizing economic repercussions. However, current research predominantly focuses on contract coordination and cost-sharing within these joint reserve modes, overlooking significant discrepancies in emergency supply classification standards between government and enterprise sectors, as well as the asymmetry in cross-sectoral and cross-regional supply information. This oversight critically impedes the timeliness and accuracy of emergency supply responses. In practice, manual judgment has been used to match the same materials under differing classification standards between government and enterprise reserves. Still, this approach is inefficient and prone to high error rates. To mitigate these challenges, this study proposes a methodology leveraging the BERT pre-trained language model and TextCNN neural network to establish a robust mapping relationship between these classification criteria. The approach involves abstracting textual representations of both taxonomical classes, generating comparable sentence vectors via average pooling, and calculating cosine similarity scores to facilitate precise classification mapping. Illustrated with China's Classification and Coding of Emergency Supplies standards and Global Product Classification standards, empirical validation on annotated data demonstrates the BERT-TextCNN model's exceptional accuracy of 98.22%, surpassing other neural network methodologies such as BERT-CNN, BERT-RNN, BERT-BiLSTM, etc. This underscores the potential of advanced neural network techniques in enhancing emergency supply management across diverse sectors and regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]