Search

This article establishes the functional average as an important estimand for causal inference. The significance of the estimand lies in its robustness against traditional issues of confounding. We prove that this robustness holds even when the probability distribution of the outcome, conditional on treatment or some other vector of adjusting variables, differs almost arbitrarily from its counterfactual analogue. This article also examines possible estimators of the functional average, including the sample mid-range, and proposes a new type of bootstrap for robust statistical inference: the Hoeffding bootstrap. After this, the article explores a new class of variables, the U{\mathcal{U}} class, that simplifies the estimation of functional averages. This class of variables is also used to establish mean exchangeability in some cases and to provide the results of elementary statistical procedures, such as linear regression and the analysis of variance, with causal interpretations. Simulation evidence is provided. The methods of this article are also applied to a National Health and Nutrition Survey data set to investigate the causal effect of exercise on the blood pressure of adult smokers.

Most patients are at advanced stages when they are diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma, leading to poor prognosis and a low 5-year survival rate. Serological markers, ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and liver biopsy are the common clinical diagnostic techniques for liver cancer. Effective interventions in the early stage will be beneficial to improve the prognosis of liver cancer patients and reduce the global burden. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new diagnostic methods to improve the diagnosis and management of liver cancer. Nanotechnology has become a new frontier subject in medical detection along with the application of nanomaterials in the manufacture of drug carriers, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic devices. Many studies have shown that nanoparticles (NPs) can be applied to the clinical diagnosis of liver cancer in combination with existing technologies, providing a new method for the early diagnosis of liver cancer. In this review, we elaborate on the theoretical basis and characteristics of NPs in the diagnosis of liver cancer, and the research progress and prospects of NPs in the diagnosis of liver cancer are summarized.

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) refers to AI technology capable of generating new content such as text, images, or audio from training data. GAI tools not only demonstrate rapid and efficient potential in literature screening, data extraction, and literature appraisal in systematic reviews, but can also be used for guideline evaluation and dissemination, enhancing the readability and promotion efficiency of guidelines. However, the accuracy of content generated by GAI tools, the rationality of cited evidence, the level of evidence, and the reliability of data still need verification. Additionally, data privacy protection and ethical issues are challenges that need to be addressed. This article aims to overview the current status of GAI tools in the formulation, evaluation, dissemination, and implementation of guidelines, explore the feasibility and new models of GAI tools in the field of guidelines, and improve the efficiency and quality of guideline formulation to better serve guideline developers and users.

The study aimed to identify an effective probiotic combination for the removal of deoxynivalenol (DON) from wheat and corn, and to verify the detoxification effect of solid-state fermentation. The content of DON removed, adsorbed, and degraded by the selected strains was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that in the liquid matrix, the detoxification rate increased with the reaction time and was higher for Streptococcus pentosus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Lactobacillus plantarum among all the bacteria. After 24 hours, the maximum detoxification rates of the individual strains reached 79.62%, 62.22%, and 82.75%, respectively. Measurement of DON content in different treatment solutions revealed that the removal of DON by the three strains was primarily due to adsorption, with a DON desorption rate of less than 15%. In the solid-state fermentation system, the highest detoxification rate of DON-contaminated wheat could reach 79.49%, when the inoculation amount of three strains were 1×106, 1×107 and 1×108 CFU/mL. The highest detoxification rates for DON- and zearalenone-contaminated corn achieved 61.54% and 78.15%, respectively, when the inoculation amount of three strains were 1×106, 1×108 and 1×107 CFU/mL. In addition, the combined solid-state fermentation of the three strains increased the crude protein and reduced the crude fibre content of toxin-contaminated wheat and corn. This study identified compound probiotics that can efficiently remove DON in liquid substrates and solid-state fermentation systems, and preliminarily explored their detoxification mechanisms, which could provide a theoretical and practical basis for the detoxification of grains contaminated with mycotoxins through solid-state fermentation.

To address the optimal inertia allocation after replacing the moment of inertia with virtual inertia in power systems， a method for virtual inertia allocation based on grey wolf optimization （GWO） is proposed. Firstly， the demand for inertia in high-proportion renewable energy power systems is determined. Secondly， considerations include factors such as frequency stability and investment cost of virtual inertia. An optimal model for virtual inertia allocation is constructed with critical inertia， rate of change of frequency （RoCoF）， and maximum frequency deviation as constraints， as well as with the objective of minimizing the frequency safety index and investment cost. The GWO is employed to solve the model. Finally， simulation analysis is conducted using the modified WSCC 9-bus system and IEEE 39-bus system as examples. The results validate the effectiveness and universality of the proposed method.

As an integral part to the air, space and ground integrated network, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms have shown broad application prospects in complex tasks such as emergency search and rescue, offensive and defensive confrontation, intelligence reconnaissance and surveillance. The advancements in unmanned technology, coupled with the increasingly rich applications of multi-UAV collaborative intelligence, have engendered new requisites for the information exchange capabilities within UAV swarm networks. Under the umbrella of intent-based network architecture, UAV swarms are capable of autonomously managing the network, thereby mitigating the intricacies inherent in network management. Introducing intent-driven network into UAV swarm systems urgently requires breakthroughs in smart autonomous network technology to enhance the adaptability of intelligent groups in high-dynamic and uncertain environments. A new perspective and method for the collaborative operation and intelligent decision-making of UAV swarms was provided. The architecture, key technologies, and prospects of intent-based UAV swarm networks management were reviewed. Through in-depth analysis and discussion, a solid theoretical foundation and technical reference were aimed to be provided for the future development of UAV swarms.

The multi-uncertainty of source and load poses significant challenges to the optimal scheduling of 'source-load-storage' integrated microgrid. However, a limitation of the traditional optimization model is its one-sidedness and use of a single time scale, which can result in suboptimal scheduling outcomes. Striking a balance between reliability and economy presents a considerable obstacle, as does coordinating the relationship between uncertainty analysis methods and varying time scales. Based on the data-driven multi-discrete scene distribution robust method, a two-stage distributed robust day-ahead optimal scheduling model of microgrid is proposed, which is solved by column and constraint generation algorithm. By combining the improved distributed robust optimization uncertainty method with a multi-time scale scheduling strategy and model predictive control theory, the accuracy of the scheduling can be enhanced. This is achieved through the gradual refinement of the scheduling time scale and reduction of the prediction period length. The day-ahead-day multi-time scale rolling optimization scheduling model is established to minimize the generation cost and adjustment cost, while also exhibiting a high degree of resilience to system uncertainties. Combined with the simulation analysis of the example, the proposed model has demonstrated advantages in incorporating new energy sources, reducing operating costs, and balancing considerations of safety and economy.

Background The aim of this study was to characterize the burden of valvular heart disease (VHD)‐related heart failure (HF) in Group of 20 (G20) countries. Methods and Results Using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study, we estimated VHD‐related HF burdens (cases, age‐standardized prevalence rates, and years lived with disabilities rates) in G20 countries from 1990 to 2019 by age, sex, and sociodemographic index. The burden of VHD‐related HF increased in G20 countries from 1990 to 2019, exhibiting heterogeneity across VHD subtypes. In 2019, Italy, the United States, and the Russian Federation had the highest age‐standardized prevalence rates of nonrheumatic VHD‐related HF, whereas India, Brazil, and Mexico had the lowest. Rheumatic VHD‐related HF was most prevalent in China, India, and Italy, whereas the Republic of Korea, Brazil, and Turkey had the lowest. Nonrheumatic VHD‐related HF prevalence peaked among G20 countries in individuals ≥85 years of age, whereas rheumatic VHD‐related HF peaked in those 75 to 84 years of age in several countries, including China, India, the Russian Federation, Mexico, Argentina, and Turkey. Age‐standardized prevalence rates of nonrheumatic VHD‐related HF showed a decreasing trend, more pronounced in women, whereas rheumatic VHD‐related HF increased in both sexes, with a lower increase in men. Nonrheumatic VHD‐related HF burden correlated with age and sociodemographic index, whereas rheumatic VHD‐related HF burden was highest in middle sociodemographic index countries for those

IntroductionThe research on contextual predictability in reading has been thoroughly investigated in the context of horizontal text comprehension. However, the performance of contextual predictive effects in Mongolian vertical reading remains unknown.MethodsTo explore this, we conducted an eye-tracking study using a boundary paradigm. Our study aimed to investigate contextual predictability and preview effects in Mongolian reading.ResultsWe found significant main effects of predictability and previewing on temporal indicators. However, there were no significant effects on skipping rates, and no interaction between predictability and previewing was observed.DiscussionWe speculate that the unique reading orientation and writing features of Mongolian, compared to horizontally read phonetic scripts, reduce the parafoveal processing of preview information, leading to lower skipping rates in Mongolian reading.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of acute respiratory infections in children under 12 years old in Pudong New Area， Shanghai from 2019 to 2023.MethodsAcute respiratory infection samples of children under 12 years old from three sentinel hospitals in Pudong New Area， Shanghai from 2019 to 2023 were collected， and 42 respiratory infection pathogens， including influenza virus， adenovirus， parainfluenza virus， respiratory syncytial virus， human enterovirus/rhinovirus， human pulmonary virus， human bokavirus， coronavirus （229E， HKU1， NL63 and OC43）， and novel coronavirus， were detected with microfluidic chips. The situation of acute respiratory infections among outpatient and inpatient children in this area was analyzed for the before the implementation of non pharmacological intervention measures （2019.12‒2020.1）， during the period of non pharmacological intervention measures （2020.2‒2022.12）， and after non pharmacological intervention measures （2023.1‒2023.6）.ResultsFrom 2019 to 2023， a total of 1 770 samples were collected， and 445 pathogens were detected， with a detection rate of 25.14% （445/1 770）. The main pathogens detected during the study period were influenza virus： 8.70% （154/1 770）， respiratory syncytial virus： 4.41% （78/1 770）， human enterovirus/rhinovirus： 2.66% （47/1 770）， human adenovirus： 2.49% （44/1 770）， and parainfluenza virus： 2.20% （39/1 770）. Before the implementation of non pharmacological intervention measures， outpatients were primarily infected with influenza， parainfluenza virus， and respiratory syncytial virus， with detection rates of 8.09%， 4.49%， and 4.04%， respectively； inpatients were mainly infected with influenza， respiratory syncytial virus， and parainfluenza virus， with detection rates of 4.49%， 3.82%， and 3.15%， respectively. During the period of non pharmacological intervention measures， influenza， rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the main viruses detected in the samples of outpatient children， with detection rates of 4.04%， 3.60%， and 2.47%， respectively； inpatient samples mainly detected respiratory syncytial virus， rhinovirus， and influenza virus， with detection rates of 3.60%， 2.02%， and 1.80%， respectively. After non pharmacological intervention measures， influenza， rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were the main pathogens detected in the outpatients， with detection rates of 9.89%， 2.92% and 2.02%， respectively； influenza， respiratory syncytial virus， and rhinovirus were the main pathogens detected in inpatient children， with detection rates of 6.29%， 1.57%， and 1.35%， respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of pathogens related to acute respiratory infections in children is influenced by non pharmacological preventive measures.

The insulation performance of transformer bushings is a crucial aspect that directly affects the safe operation of equipment. To diagnose the insulation status of transformer bushings and mitigate the impact of small-sample imbalanced data on diagnostic results, a particle swarm optimization combined with back propagation neural network (PSO-BPNN) and adaptive synthetic sampling (ADASYN) method are employed to fault diagnosis of transformer bushing. Initially, historical fault data of transformer bushings are gathered, and a sample set of dissolved gases in transformer oil with distinct fault categories is established. The ADASYN algorithm is used to synthesize the minority class samples in the original data, which allowed for obtaining balanced fault data. The balanced dissolved gases in oil served as the model input, and the fault status is used as the label output to diagnose the transformer bushings using the PSO-BPNN model. To diagnose the bushings under the original sample set, the back propagation neural network (BPNN), genetic combined with back propagation neural network (G-BPNN), cuckoo search combined with back propagation neural network (CS-BPNN), and PSO-BPNN models are used. The results reveal that the PSO-BPNN model based on ADASYN balanced data exhibited the highest accuracy among the various models for fault diagnosing the insulation status of transformer bushings. This approach effectively mitigate the impact of small sample imbalanced data on diagnostic results, and provide an effective method for assessing the insulation performance of transformer bushings.

AIM: To observe and analyze the effectiveness and safety of wearing corneal refractive therapy(CRT)and vision shaping treatment(VST)designed orthokeratology in controlling myopic progression in adolescents with low E-value corneal morphology.METHODS: This prospective study involved 100 cases(100 eyes)of adolescent myopia patients fitted with orthokeratology at our optometry clinic from January 2020 to December 2021. The data of right eye were collected for research, and they were divided into low myopia group(-1.00 to -3.00 D)and moderate myopia group(-3.25 to -5.00 D)according to spherical equivalent, with 50 cases in each group. Each group of patients was further randomly divided into the CRT group and the VST group, with 25 cases in each group. Uncorrected visual acuity, refractive error, axial length(AL), tear film break-up time(BUT), corneal endothelial cell density, corneal staining grading, lens decentration, and refractive power at 15°-30° were measured before and after wearing orthokeratology, with a follow-up duration of 1.5 a.RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity of CRT and VST subgroups in the low myopia group showed no statistical significance at any time point after wearing orthokeratology. However, in the moderate myopia group, CRT subgroup showed better uncorrected visual acuity than the VST subgroup, with significant differences at 1 d and 1 wk(t=-9.474, -12.067, both P

A γ′ phase strengthened NiCoCrFeAlTiMoW alloy was prepared in a vacuum arc melting furnace, and X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and tensile testing machine were used to investigate the coarsening behavior and the evolution law and mechanism of mechanical properties of the γ′ phase after 200 h long-term aging at 750, 850 ℃ and 950 ℃.The results show that γ′ phase remains spherical during the aging process when the aging time is extended, γ′ phase size gradually increases and the solidification phenomenon occurs at 750, 850 ℃ and 950 ℃. The alloy has a high diffusion activation energy with a value of 357 kJ/mol.This is mainly due to the fact that the matrix is a high entropy solid solution with complex composition, and the diffusion of Al and Ti atoms in the matrix becomes difficult due to the hysteresis diffusion effect. The yield strength of the alloy gradually increases after aging at 750 ℃, the yield strength after aging at 850 ℃ first increases and then decreases, and gradually decreases after aging at 950 ℃. The change in the yield strength of the alloy is caused by the increase in the size of the γ′ phase, which leads to a shift in the precipitation strengthening mechanism of the alloy.

In order to explore the response of the precious tree species Toonaciliate var. pubescens to different amounts of different fertilizers, the young forest of T. ciliate var. pubescens was taken as the research object. A random block design was used to analyze the effects of fertilization on the growth, leaf nutrients and physiology of young forest of T. ciliate var. pubescens, and three fertilization levels (high, medium and low) were set, including nitrogenous fertilizer (N), phosphate fertilizer (P), compound fertilizer (CF) and slow-release fertilizer (SRF). The results were as follows: (1) Fertilization could promote the height and diameter at breast height (DBH) growth, and the effects of nitrogenous fertilizer and compound fertilizer were more obvious. The average tree height, average DBH and average volume of 4-year old tree with nitrogenous fertilizer increased by 15.0%, 21.9% and 67.5% compared with CK (no fertilizer), respectively, and the annual average growth of DBH under low nitrogenous fertilizer (N1) treatment was the highest (2.99 cm). Compared with CK, the average tree height, average DBH and average volume of compound fertilizer were increased by 16.7%, 19.2% and 54.3%, respectively. High slow-release fertilizer (SRF3) and low phosphate (P1) had the largest annual increases in tree height and DBH (1.96 m and 2.33 cm) in the 4th year, respectively. (2) Fertilization significantly increased chlorophyll content and non-structural carbohydrate content in leaves of T. ciliate var. pubescens, nitrogenous fertilizer significantly promoted the synthesis of soluble sugar and phosphate fertilizer significantly promoted the synthesis of starch. (3) N1 and phosphate fertilizer significantly promote the increase of N and P contents, respectively, and phosphate fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer significantly increased K content in leaves. (4) The principal component analysis showed that the effect of fertilizer to promote growth was nitrogenous fertilizer>compound fertilizer>phosphate fertilizer>slow-release fertilizer>no fertilizer. Among them, N1, i.e. 100 g·plant-1·year-1, had the highest comprehensive evaluation value. Comprehensive fertilization cost and benefit, nitrogenous fertilizer or compound fertilizer can effectively promote the growth and development of T. ciliate var. pubescens young forest. It is recommended to apply 100 g nitrogenous fertilizer per plant per year in young forest stage. The results can provide a reference for the forest nutrient management in the early stage of afforestation.

The rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola is increasingly widely distributed in China and has had a severe incidence in Hunan Province. It is thus necessary to investigate its population dynamics in paddy fields. This study was conducted to ascertain the effect of direct-seeded rice agroecosystems on the population dynamics of M. graminicola and root gall development in rice. The results indicated that the population density of M. graminicola in soil was markedly influenced by the agroecosystem, rainfall and temperature. The population density of M. graminicola J2, and eggs in the soil and root galls, were significantly larger in the dry aerobic rice agroecosystem and in the rain-fed upland agroecosystem than in the lowland double-rice cropping sequence agroecosystem. As it can affect soil moisture rainfall was the key factor affecting the density of nematodes in both the rain-fed upland agroecosystem and the dry aerobic rice agroecosystem. Field flooding was still an effective way to reduce the population density of M. graminicola. In addition, we observed that M. graminicola can lay eggs outside rice roots under laboratory conditions. Therefore, we propose a hypothesis that M. graminicola lays egg masses within roots when the soil moisture is high, but lays eggs outside when the soil moisture is suitable. By clarifying the population dynamics of M. graminicola in different types of direct-seeded rice agroecosystems, this study is conducive to controlling rice root-knot nematodes.

In this study, the effect of quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide (Q3G) on the formation of fructosamine and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), the amount of free amino groups and browning degree in a non-enzymatic glycosylation model consisting of bovine α-lactalbumin (α-La) and fructose were evaluated. In addition, the inhibitory mechanism of Q3G against non-enzymatic glycosylation was explored by molecular docking and mass spectrometry (MS). The results indicated that Q3G could significantly reduce the browning degree, increase the free amino groups, inhibit the formation of fructosamine and 5-HMF, and delay the process of glycosylation reaction. The effect was most pronounced at 2 mmol/L Q3G. Molecular docking analysis indicated that Q3G could bind with the active amino acid residues of α-La through hydrogen bonds, van der Waals force and hydrophobic interactions, delaying the process of glycosylation reaction. Meanwhile, by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS) analysis, it was found that Q3G shielded the potential glycosylation sites Lys93 and Lys108, and the activity of the glycosylation site Lys98 was weak, indicating inhibited non-enzymatic glycosylation reaction. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the development of Q3G as a potential anti-glycosylation agent.

Wearable flexible strain sensors have attracted considerable attention in recent years, while it is still a significant challenge to fabricate wearable flexible strain sensors with high sensitivity and wide sensing range simultaneously. In this work, a high-performance wearable flexible strain sensor based on a thermoplastic polyurethane electrospun nanofibers (TPUNFs) film embedded with a silver nanowires/reduced graphene oxide (AgNWs/rGO) composite conductive material was fabricated via a simple drop-coating technique. The effect of the amount of AgNWs/rGO composite conductive material on the strain sensing range of the AgNWs/rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor was investigated, the strain sensing range of AgNWs/rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor was compared with that of the AgNWs/TPUNFs and GO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor, and the strain sensing properties of the AgNWs/rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor were measured. The results showed that the AgNWs/rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor with high sensitivity and wide sensing range simultaneously was achieved by compounding AgNWs and the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) conductive material. The strain sensing range of the AgNWs/rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor could be improved by increasing the amount of the AgNWs/rGO composite conductive material, and it was obviously better than that of AgNWs/TPUNFs and the rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor. The obtained AgNWs/rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor possessed high sensitivity (the gauge factor could reach a maximum of 2513.23.) as well as a wide sensing range (∼187%). Furthermore, the obtained AgNWs/rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor had a fast response/recovery time (200 ms/300 ms) and good cycling stability (∼3,000 cycles). Benefitting from the outstanding strain sensing performance, the AgNWs/rGO/TPUNFs film flexible strain sensor could detect large human motions such as finger, wrist, and knee bending as well as expression, which demonstrates great potential applications in wearable devices.

Castleman disease (CD) is a group of rare and heterogenous hematological diseases included in the 'Rare disease catalogue' of China. Among the different clinical subtypes of CD, idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD) is characterized by symptomatic inflammatory symptoms with poor prognosis. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) targeted therapy (eg. siltuximab) is now considered as the most important treatment option according to international and domestic treatment guidelines and consensus. On July 2022, siltuximab became available in Chinese market, heralding the era of IL-6 targeted therapy in China. Thus, it is a good time point to review the state-of-the-art technology in the field of diagnosis and treatment of CD. We also highlight some of the clinical investigations conducted by Chinese researchers.

Aimed at the problem of insufficient tracking accuracy caused by the uncertainty of the system model during the motion of a two-joint manipulator, a trajectory tracking control method for the manipulator based on Immersion and Invariance (I&I) adaptive was proposed. The method was used to design a parameter estimator for the mass matrix. In order to solve the problem of difficulty in solving the partial differential equation in the design process of the method, a state filter was introduced to obtain an approximate solution, and the error between the approximate solution and the real solution was eliminated by introducing a dynamic scaling factor. The designed I&I adaptive parameter estimator was combined with a backstepping controller to make the designed controller adaptive to uncertain parameters. Simulation results demonstrate that the method can improve the control accuracy of the manipulator significantly, and it has certain application value.

[Objective] The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of water yield and differences in the water yield function for different land use types, soil types, and topography in the Nanbei Panjiang River basin were analyzed in order to provide a scientific reference for the effective management of water resources and ecological restoration in the basin. [Methods] The spatial and temporal variation characteristics, internal differences, and the influence of vegetation restoration on the water yield function in the Nanbei Panjiang River basin from 2005 to 2020 were quantitatively evaluated using the InVEST model. [Results] The average total water yield in the basin fluctuated slightly from 2005 to 2020, showing a trend of higher in the northeast and central regions and lower in the southwest. The overall water yield pattern was spatially consistent with the spatial and temporal changes of precipitation. Without considering the significant change of rainfall, the decrease of cultivated land and grassland areas was the main reason for the slight fluctuation and downward trend of total water yield in the basin. The land use type with the strongest water yield capacity was construction land, followed by bare land, cultivated land, and grassland. The water yield capacities of evergreen coniferous forest and shrub land were weak. The water yield capacity in the basin gradually decreased with increasing altitude, and the soils with strong water yield capacity were mainly yellow soil and red soil. The high water yield areas in the basin were mainly concentrated in the northeast and central regions having low and medium altitudes, and were mainly yellow soil and red soil. The low value area was mainly concentrated in the southwest region having high and higher altitudes with large amounts of lime (rock ) soil and purple soil. [Conclusion] The spatial pattern of water yield in the basin exhibited some changes, and the high value area of water yield had a tendency to shift to the east and northeast. Land use type, meteorological factors, soil texture, topography, and other factors have an important impact on the spatial heterogeneity of the water yield function.

Fe40Cr25Ni25Al5Ti5 (atom fraction/%) medium entropy alloys (MEAs) were prepared by a vacuum arc-melting furnace with a water-cooled copper mold, and the microstructure, mechanical properties and strengthening deformation mechanism of the alloy in solid solution and annealed states were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy spectrometry(EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and tensile testing machine.The results show that the Fe40Cr25Ni25Al5Ti5 medium entropy alloy has FCC+BCC1+BCC2 triple-phase organization of solid solution state, with yield strength of 520 MPa, fracture strength of 852 MPa and elongation of 13%. After annealing at 600 ℃ for 2 h, the phase composition of the alloy has no change, the size of granular BCC2 phase increases, and the volume fraction of FCC zone and BCC zone has no change significantly. The yield strength is 668 MPa, the fracture strength is 1029 MPa, and the elongation is reduced to 9%. The strength of Fe40Cr25Ni25Al5Ti5 alloy originates from the synergistic effect of coherent strengthening, solid solution strengthening and phase boundary strengthening. Dislocation slips are the main deformation mechanism of alloy.

To promote the reform of soccer special class of physical education majors in colleges and universities, adapt to the needs of the new situation, strengthen the cultivation of students’ teaching practice ability and innovation ability, and meet the needs of social development and students’ employment needs. This paper takes the students, teachers, and teaching situation of the soccer special class as the starting point under the vision of intelligent sports, first, establishes the mathematical model of wheeled robot movement used in the simulation platform, establishes the environmental information model with the lattice method for the possible fields that the robot moves to from the starting point to the endpoint, and introduces the methods of initial population generation and individual coding, discusses the design and The design and implementation of the fitness functions were discussed, and three fitness functions were designed for obstacle avoidance, path minimization, and path smoothing, respectively, and finally, the specific operation process of the five basic operations of the genetic algorithm was introduced. The results of the study show that the ratio of 3:7 hours between theoretical and practical classes is more in line with students’ wishes, and it effectively improves the special skills and comprehensive practical ability of students in soccer special classes.

Rolling circle amplification is a widely used biosensing technique. Although various secondary structures have been employed in RCA, their effects on RCA efficiency have seldom been reported. Here, we find that stems in circular templates can strongly inhibit RCA, and the primer-stem distance is responsible for the inhibition. Based on the results, we propose an initiation inhibition mechanism and present a design principle for a general RCA assay. Inspired by this mechanism, we further propose a new nucleic acid detection method. The results verify that this method can increase RCA detection sensitivity according to the target recycling principle. Besides DNA detection, it can also achieve single mismatch discrimination of miRNA detection after optimization. This method also shows convenient visualization detection. The initiation inhibition of RCA could be helpful for RCA applications as promising detection techniques.

Objective To investigate the effects of Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK) on azomethane-oxide (AOM)/glucan sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced inflammatory colorectal cancer mouse model and intestinal stem cells. Methods AOM/DSS-induced mouse models of inflammatory-associated colorectal cancer were randomly divided into three groups, namely, model, AKK and aspirin groups, based on different administration of drugs by gavage. The tumor number, size, distribution, and burden were observed 10 weeks after intervention. Immunohistochemical method was used to analyze the expressions of Ki67 and Lgr5 proteins, which are utilized to characterize tumor malignancy and stem cells. The mRNA expressions of Lgr5, CD133, Nanog, and ALDH1 were detected by qRT-PCR. Results Compared with those of the model group, the tumor number, size, and burden of the AKK group were significantly reduced (P < 0.01). The expressions of Ki67 and Lgr5 in the AKK group of tumor tissues were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the mRNA expressions of CD133, Nanog and ALDH1 were significantly down-regulated. Conclusion AKK is effective against AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated colorectal cancer in mice, and its mechanism of action may be closely related to colorectal stem cell activity.

This study aimed to evaluate the significance of EMX2OS in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) prognosis and development and its potential molecular mechanism. Paired tissue samples were collected from 117 LUAD patients. The EMX2OS expression level was detected by PCR and correlated with patients’ clinicopathological features by a series of statistical analyses. The function of EMX2OS in cell proliferation and metastasis was evaluated by CCK8 and Transwell assay. In mechanism, the interaction between EMX2OS and miR-653-5p was assessed by the dual-luciferase reporter assay, and the regulatory effect of miR-653-5p on EMX2OS tumor suppressor role was also estimated. Significant downregulation of EMX2OS and its negative correlation with miR-653-5p was observed in LUAD tissues. A significant relationship was revealed in EMX2OS with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and differentiation of LUAD patients, and associated with the poor prognosis of patients. EMX2OS suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of LUAD cells and negatively regulated the expression of miR-653-5p. The overexpression of miR-653-5p could reverse the inhibitory effect of EMX2OS on LUAD cells. In conclusion, EMX2OS served as a biomarker in LUAD that indicated patients’ prognosis and regulated cellular processes via regulating miR-653-5p.

In order to explore the possibility of using laser induced technology to produce coal-based graphene by using coal as carbon-containing precursor, this paper chooses high volatile bituminous coal in Wajinwan and low volatile bituminous coal in Tashan as carbon sources, and uses laser induced technology to produce coal-based graphene. Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to characterize raw coal and the products after laser irradiation. The results show that after laser irradiation, the Raman spectra of the products have a typical 2D peaks and sharp G peaks, indicating an alignment structure for the products generated. XRD results show that the diffraction peaks (002) and (100) become narrow and sharp, and the layer spacing is 0.345 nm. XPS results show that the C=C bond and π—π interaction of sp2 are enhanced after laser irradiation of bituminous coal, forming sp2 network aromatic layer. The layered porous structure of the sample after laser irradiation was observed by SEM, HRTEM results show that the aromatic fringe has the characteristics of few graphene layers, the graphene layers are mostly concentrated in 2−10 layers, and the layer spacing is 0.346 nm, which is basically consistent with the XRD results. All these data indicate that bituminous coal has been formed into coal-base graphene after laser irradiation. However, limited by the number of samples used in this paper, this study is only a preliminary understanding, and further research needs to increase the number of samples.

Shanghai municipal administration of market supervision focuses on "the people's city built by the people， and the people's city for the people". Through the regular "you order， I inspect" activities on food safety the administration has established an important window for disseminating market regulation information， showcasing the image of market regulation， and telling the story of market regulation. Over the past three years， by combining the needs of the citizens in Shanghai and the routine food safety spot-checking plan through the food safety “you order，I inspect” activities， the administration has enabled the public to perceive and evaluate the quality of the inspection services， and has actively built a food safety social co-governance service brand. While ensuring that people can eat at ease and buy at will， we will also boost consumer confidence and promote high-quality development of food safety， so as to create a vivid picture of people participating in and benefiting from food safety governance.

C20H26O5, monoclinic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.5455(15) Å, b = 12.735(3) Å, c = 18.333(4) Å, V = 1761.6(6) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt ${R}_{gt}$ (F) = 0.0529, wRref $w{R}_{ref}$ (F 2) = 0.1407, T = 273(2) K.

Fe-based stents have been made a figure in biodegradable stents by their good mechanical capacity and biocompatibility, appropriate strength–ductility combination. Although the iron corrosion rate was not ideal, which had been optimized by iron alloy and polymer coating introduction. As a long-term implanted biodegradable material, the real concern about iron-based stents mainly laid in long-term biosafety. In this work, rats were used as an animal model to study the chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of iron-based stents. Two years later, the changes in body weight and the physiological status during the experiment were monitored, and the blood routine and blood analysis combined with the health of major organs and histopathological tests were performed. The results demonstrated that there was no significant difference compared with the control group (316L SS) in body weight, blood routine index, blood biochemical index, and carcinogenic rate that further confirmed the biosafety of iron-based material.

The new rigid-flexible coupling system for vehicle-beam expansion joints is proposed in the context of all-steel load-bearing radial tire by using the RecurDyn multi-body system dynamics simulation platform, the system is used to simulate the whole contact process of 1/4 car body through expansion joint, and the dynamic response of car body and beam body expansion joint is compared with the traditional simulation results. The results show that the simulation waveform of the new coupling system is consistent with the traditional method and the waveform is sensitive to the two influence factors in the coupling system, which verifies the good contact dynamic characteristics of the coupling system, the contact stability of the beam body can be improved by strengthening the connection between the side beam and the beam body and the end structure, the car with the new type of tire should not exceed 80 km/h when passing the seam. The coupling system provides a new and effective method for joint dynamic simulation of vehicle-beam expansion joint.

Objective: Depression appears to be common among the patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Therefore, how to comprehensively analyze the changes in depression and its impact on patient outcomes is an important research direction. The objectives of this study were to assess changes in depression and whether depression can be used to predict outcomes in patients receiving hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND Benzalkonium chloride has a non-oxidizing bactericidal effect and is widely used in medical and health service. With the discharge of sewage into the environment, benzalkonium chloride has been identified as a harmful compound that may seriously inspect susceptible organisms in the ecosystem. Exact quantitative analysis of benzalkonium chloride in environmental water is of great significance for human and ecological environmental health. However, low content of benzalkonium chloride exist in environmental water. The interference of a complex matrix causes false positive results to occur easily. Therefore, the detection method is required to have lower detection limits and more accurate qualitative analysis ability. OBJECTIVES To establish a method for the determination of three benzalkonium chloride homologues (n-C12H25-C9H13NCl, n-C14H29-C9H13NCl, n-C16H33-C9H13NCl) in environmental water. METHODS Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was used. The sample was filtered through a 0.22μm membrane, and then mixed with the same volume of methanol. The mobile phase consisted of 10mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution which contained 1% (V/V) triethylamine as mobile phase B and methanol as phase A, with gradient elution. Accucore C18 column (150mm×2.1mm, 2.6μm) was used to separate the baseline of three benzalkonium chloride within 6 minutes, and the data were collected by electrostatic field orbitrap mass spectrometry in SIM mode at 60, 000 resolution. RESULTS The contents of three benzalkonium chloride within the range of 0.10-10.0μg/L had a linear relationship (r>0.999). The detection limits ranged from 0.03 to 0.06μg/L. The recoveries of three kinds of benzalkonium chloride were 86.7%-111.2%. CONCLUSIONS Verified by samples, this method meets the detection limits and has anti-interference abilities of three benzalkonium chloride homologues in surface water and shallow groundwater. Moreover, it was identified that the suspected disrupting chemical of cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride is propylene glycol fatty acid ester at m/z 360.323.

【Objective】 The productivity of dark loessial soils is generally low due to their poor structure. We studied how to improve their structure using potassium fulvic acid. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted using pots. Soil in the pots were amended with potassium fulvate at mass ratio from 0 to 1%. For each pot, we measured its water transport ability, soil porosity and aggregate formation and distribution. 【Result】 ① Potassium fulvate amendment at 1% ratio was optimal for improving soil properties, increasing cumulative water infiltration, infiltration rate, stable infiltration rate and wetting front distance by 43.96%, 182.5%, 47.06% and 28.41%, respectively, compared to CK (without amendment). ② Fitting the measured infiltration data to different models showed that, depending on the amending ratio, the empirical coefficient in the Kostiakov formula decreased from 1.648 7 to 0.901 3 and the empirical index increased from 0.478 1 to 0.537 5. For the Philip model, the stable infiltration rate and the imbibition rate varied from 0.002 0 to 0.003 2, and 0.956 2 to 1.004 2, respectively, depending on the amendment ratio. For the improved Kostiakov model, the stable infiltration rate increased from 0.012 6 to 0.084 6. ③ Compared with CK, the amendment at ratio 1% improved soil porosity most, with the total soil porosity and soil aeration porosity increasing by 2.65% and 64.29% respectively, and the capillary porosity decreasing by 17.00%. With the increase in the amendment ratio, the bulk density decreased by up to 2.99%. ④ With the increase in incubation time, aggregates (>0.25 mm) increased significantly at the expense of aggregate (

Consumption upgrading brings new challenges and opportunities to fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) packaging design. With the help of successful FMCG packaging design cases in the market, the design dimension of FMCG packaging is summarized and analyzed to provide a new design approach for FMCG packaging in the aesthetic upgrading environment of consumption. Based on the analysis of market successful cases of fast-moving consumer food packaging design, the design content and methods are proposed, from the following aspects including the function, experience, subject, environmental protection, culture, digital analysis.

Hypersonic flight technology is an important direction in the development of aerospace field and plays an important role in national defense security. The thermal protection materials and structures are the key to the safe service of hypersonic vehicles in extreme environments. On one hand, the thermal protection materials and structures must be able to withstand the harsh aerodynamic thermal environment, and on the other hand, they also must reduce its mass to increase the vehicle payload. Therefore, it is necessary to develop thermal protection structures that can combine high temperature resistance, light weight, and load-bearing characteristics at the same time. The manufacturing methods of lightweight C/SiC ceramic matrix composite structures were firstly introduced in this review, then the research on the room temperature and high temperature mechanical behavior, heat transfer mechanism and behavior of the lightweight C/SiC ceramic matrix composite structures were summarized. At last, integrated thermal protection structures with high temperature resistance and lightweight load-bearing were reviewed based on the lightweight C/SiC ceramic matrix composite structures. Finally, the future challenges of the lightweight ceramic matrix composite structures towards thermal protection application were also forecasted in four aspects: new design theory and method, new manufacturing technology, service characteristics and multi-functional integrated design and realization. This review provides some guidance for the research and development of novel thermal protection structures for the next generation hypersonic flight.

ObjectiveThe present study aimed to clarify the effect of the lotus leaf ethanol extract (LLEE) on the mechanism of antiobesity and the intestinal microbiota of obese rats.MethodsA total of 40 specific pathogen-free (SPF) male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were split into the blank control group, the model control group, the Orlistat capsule control group, and the LLEE group. All the groups were intervened and fed specific diets for 5 months. During the experiment, we evaluated the rats' body weight, length, serum biochemical indicators, and inflammatory factor levels. After dissection, the liver; epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissue (WAT); and the contents of the cecum were collected for pathological evaluation and intestinal flora analysis.ResultsLotus leaf alcohol extract can significantly reduce the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. It also decreases the accumulation of fatty deposits in the liver of rats and the levels of serum inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α and increases the level of IL-10. Lotus leaf alcohol extracts significantly increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae in the intestinal flora of rats, reduced the abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria Firmicutes, and relieved fatty liver and other inflammation and diseases caused by a high-fat diet. Besides, the ethanol extract of the lotus leaf significantly regulated the abundance of Ruminococcus, suggesting that the ethanol extract of the lotus leaf may prevent hyperlipidemia.ConclusionWe elucidated the effects and action mechanisms of LLEE on obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats to provide suggestions for regulating intestinal flora through dietary intervention and thus improving blood lipid metabolism.

Asphaltene deposition on rock surface seriously affects oil recovery efficiency. Molecular dynamics simulation method is used to study the difference in the adsorption behavior of asphaltene molecules on quartz surface, which will help to improve the in-depth understanding of asphaltene microstructure. This study finds that electrostatic interaction is an influential factor affecting asphaltene deposition on rock surface. We also illustrated the different adsorption behaviors of different asphaltene molecules and the influence of rock surfaces on the deposition.

Gas-liquid interface models consist of SiO2 nanoparticles and typical surfactant molecules were used to investigate the interface properties using molecular dynamics simulations. The surfactant molecules were found being self-assembled to the nanoparticles, and prefer the gas-liquid interface. By comparing the effects of different surfactant molecules on the interface structures and molecular mobility, the adsorption behaviours of nanoparticles onto the interface were revealed, and the corresponding interface properties were quantitatively illustrated.

Under the background of digital transformation and quality improvement in private colleges and universities, in order to further improve the digital literacy of teachers in private colleges and universities, we should improve their digital technology application ability, digital teaching resources application ability, digital teaching method innovation ability, digital teaching platform application ability and digital education evaluation ability. This paper puts forward a new solution to how to improve the digital literacy ability of teachers in private colleges and universities.

At present, the cultivation of family education mentors is facing both opportunities and challenges, as a unified national standard for the cultivation of family education mentors has not yet been established; The theoretical system construction and talent cultivation of family education are not yet mature; The qualifications of relevant training institutions for family education instructors vary in quality; The widespread recognition of family education as a mentor in the professional society urgently needs to be improved. In the future, the cultivation of family education mentors should start from the following directions: to develop a unified outline and training plan for family education mentors; Accelerate the construction of the theoretical system and talent cultivation of family education disciplines; Establish a qualification evaluation and evaluation system for family education mentors and training institutions as soon as possible; Scientific promotion to enhance the professional identity of family education mentors.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the application and effect of classroom teaching innvation based on "BOPPPS+ChaoXing on-line Plant" in the course of “Linux Operating System”. By introducing the BOPPPS teaching mode and using the “Chaoxing On-line Learning Platform” platform, this paper aims to improve students' learning effect, enhance classroom interaction and promote the improvement of teaching quality. This paper first introduces the basic concepts of BOPPPS teaching mode and “Chaoxing On-line Learning Platform”, and then expounds in detail the process of implementing this teaching innvation in the course of “Linux Operating System”, and evaluates the effect of the innvation through practical cases and data analysis. Finally, this paper summarizes the effect of teaching innvation and puts forward the further improvement direction.

With the accelerated development of urbanisation, the problem of waterlogging is increasingly becoming a serious challenge for cities. In order to effectively deal with the risk of waterlogging, this study proposes a set of waterlogging prevention and control planning based on the concept of sponge city construction. It focuses on giving full play to the water reduction effect of Low Impact Development (LID) facilities through the integrated application of ecological emission reduction systems and drainage and risk removal technologies to reduce rainwater runoff and improve the city’s flooding resilience. The method is applied to Kirin Science and Technology City as an example, and the results show that the total annual runoff control rate, the water surface rate, and the water surface storage capacity of this area are all significantly improved, which can provide a reference for deepening the scientific understanding of the mechanism of urban rainfall and flood formation and adopting effective management means.

Membrane systems are a class of bio-inspired computing models,inspired by the structure and function of cells,tissue,organ and bio-systems.Spiking neural P systems with rules on synapses(SNPRS) are a type of membrane systems,inspired by the way that neurons communicate information.In SNPRS,each neuron is a basic unit for storing information,and each synapse is a medium for integrating and transmitting information.The whole system processes information in the distributed and parallel way.In this paper,we review the definition and related notions of SNPRS.Then,we introduce a few variants of SNPRS,and give a comparison among the variants of SNPRS.Furthermore,we provide results on the computation power of SNPRS(and their variants) working in different modes and on the application of the systems,such as solving NP-hard problems,implementing arithmetic operations,and breaking RSA.Additionally,some open problems are provided to suggest directions for further theore-tical as well as applicable research on SNPRS.

【Objective】 Global warming is expected to increase the frequency of extreme weathers such as flooding and drought. Understanding their spatiotemporal variation is important to help mitigate its detrimental impact. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of drought in Inner Mongolia of China. 【Method】 The analysis was based on meteorological data measured from 1951 to 2018 from 50 weather stations across the region. The occurrence and severity of the drought was quantified using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). 【Result】 An abrupt climate change occurred around 1979. Since then, most areas in the region have seen an ease of drought stress. Since 1996, however, western Inner Mongolian have seen a return of the drought. Spatially, severe droughts occurred mainly in central-western Inner Mongolia, and southern Chifeng and Tongliao. 【Conclusion】 SPEI can be used as an index to quantify drought at provincial scale. Its application to Inner Mongolia reveals that the province has undergone alternate drought and humidified climate since 1951. Drought occurred more frequently and severely in the central-western province than in other areas.

ObjectiveTo reduce the dimension of characteristic information extracted from pelvic CT images by using principal component analysis （PCA） and partial least squares （PLS） methods. To establish a support vector machine （SVM） classification and identification model to identify if there is pelvic injury by the reduced dimension data and evaluate the feasibility of its application.MethodsEighty percent of 146 normal and injured pelvic CT images were randomly selected as training set for model fitting， and the remaining 20% was used as testing set to verify the accuracy of the test， respectively. Through CT image input， preprocessing， feature extraction， feature information dimension reduction， feature selection， parameter selection， model establishment and model comparison， a discriminative model of pelvic injury was established.ResultsThe PLS dimension reduction method was better than the PCA method and the SVM model was better than the naive Bayesian classifier （NBC） model. The accuracy of the modeling set， leave-one-out cross validation and testing set of the SVM classification model based on 12 PLS factors was 100%， 100% and 93.33%， respectively.ConclusionIn the evaluation of pelvic injury， the pelvic injury data mining model based on CT images reaches high accuracy， which lays a foundation for automatic and rapid identification of pelvic injuries.

In the process of missile penetration, the prediction of interceptor interception point and interception time can provide strong support for successful penetration. Therefore, aiming at the attack and defense scenario of interceptor intercepting cruise missile, a neural network model based on LSTM is proposed for the prediction of interception time and interception point. The interceptor trajectory data is obtained through attack and defense simulation as the training set to train the network. The model takes the position of interceptor as the input, uses the neural network to estimate the interceptor trajectory type, and obtains the interception point and interception time. The experimental results show that the proposed network can effectively predict the interception point and interception time with small prediction error, and can provide an effective reference for missile penetration strategy.

Prehabilitation is the important starting part of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). Multimodal prehabilitation management before thoracic surgery can increase the perioperative functional capacity of patients and help to improve the prognosis, which has been widely recognized. However, there are no guide- lines or standards of specific contents and implementation process of thoracic prehabilitation, causing some confusion in clinical practice. Expert Consensus on Prehabilitation Management for Enhanced Recovery in Patients undergoing Thoracic Surgery (2022) helps to provide a feasible guideline for clinical prehabilitaion practice, which was based on evidence-based medicine and experts' discussion to reach a preliminary consensus on five aspects of prehabilitation in thoracic surgery, including the indication, recommended duration, comprehensive evaluation before prehabilitation, specific practice contents, and management process.

Objective To design a safety management system for antitumor drugs, which can intercept or warn the overdose of medical orders from the prescription source, and ensure the safety of clinical application of antitumor drugs. Methods The threshold of interception and warning strategy of 88 kinds of antitumor drugs were developed, and the safety management system of antitumor drugs was established to intercept or warn the overdose orders. The interception and warning data from January 2021 to June 2021 in the safety management system of antitumor drugs were extracted and analyzed. Results A total of 665 medical orders were intercepted or warned by the safety management system of antitumor drugs, and the majority of the intercepted or warned drugs were oral tablets(74.29%). The intercepted orders were 642 (96.54%), and the warned orders were 23(3.46%). Among the intercepted medical orders, frequency error (64.22%) has the highest proportion, followed by route error (11.73%) and dose error (9.92%). A total of 564 medical orders were intercepted, involving 28 kinds of antitumor drugs. Methotrexate tablets ranked first in overdose quantity, with an average of seven times. Pemetrexed ranked first in overdose multiples, with an average overdose of 1000 times. 78 medical orders were intercepted for over pathway, involving 5 kinds of antitumor drugs. Conclusion The safety management system of antitumor drugs can eliminate the error of overdose in prescription and guarantee the safety of antitumor drugs.

On the basis of retaining the technical identification system of medical negligence, the Medical Association Identification Rules of Medical Damage mainly provides technical services for various types of conciliation work about doctor-patient dispute. Its identification work is still influenced by the thinking of medical negligence technical identification and has certain administrative color. Guidance for Judicial Expertise of Medical Malpractice is mainly reflected that the trial of civil cases and pre-trial mediation of courts need service. Its procedures and evidence review are strictly required by the litigation rules and has the characteristics of public legal services provided as a third-party neutral institution. Technical identification of medical damage, whether organized by the Medical Association or the forensic identification institutions, is carried out under the background of the current Regulations on the Prevention and Treatment of Medical Disputes and the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China; both have a corresponding positive role in regulating the medical damage identification activities, and have also laid a certain foundation for the establishment of a unified identification system in the future in China. To understand the different characteristics of the medical damage identification rules issued by the Chinese Medical Association and the Ministry of Justice, and to improve the understanding of the standardization of the forensic identification of medical damage, a comparative study was conducted on Medical Association Identification Rules of Medical Damage and Guidance for Judicial Expertise of Medical Malpractice from seven aspects: Concept and legal status, entrust of identification, identification acceptance, identification procedures, identification presentation meeting, theory of medical malpractice evaluation, consequences and causality of medical damage. The subject of evaluation, the function of evidence review, the role of consulting experts, the technical standard system of malpractice evaluation and other contents were emphatically analyzed.

When the magnetic coupling wireless power transfer (MC-WPT) system is used for power supply underground, if the system parameters are not properly configured, the input impedance of the system will show non pure resistance, which will cause the system detuning and affect the power supply efficiency of underground power equipment. When the series compensation (S) is used in the secondary side of MC WPT system, it is easy to realize resonance. However, when the parallel compensation (P) is used in the secondary side, the existing research is based on the fact that the system only resonates at the primary side and the system does not fully resonate due to the non-resonance at the secondary side. In order to solve the above problems, a full resonance compensation method for magnetic coupling wireless power transfer (MC-WPT) system is proposed. In this paper, SP-type, PP-type, LCC-P type and LCL-P type compensation topologies are taken as the research object of the secondary side parallel MC-WPT system. The parameter constraint relation of the system in full resonance state is obtained by using impedance analysis method. The simulation comparison between the traditional compensation method and the full resonance compensation method is carry out by using Matlab/Simulink. The results show that the output power of SP type, PP type and LCL-P type compensation topology under the full resonance compensation method is greater than that under the traditional compensation method, and the output power of the LCC-P type compensation topology is less than that under the traditional compensation method. In the full resonance compensation method, the efficiency of SP-type and PP-type topology is not much different from that under the traditional compensation method, the LCC-P-type topology efficiency is much higher than that under the traditional compensation method, and the LCL-P-type topology efficiency is slightly lower than that under the traditional compensation method. In the full resonance method, the system does not need to provide reactive power, and the apparent power is equal to the given output power. In the full resonance compensation method, the SP topology is more suitable for underground coal mines, which is not affected by the change of mutual inductance, but is greatly affected by the resistance load. In order to solve the problem that the resonant frequency of SP Type MC WPT system is affected by the resistance load and the resistance load has a lower limit value under the full resonance compensation method, a DC-DC converter is used to combine impedance matching with active power factor correction. Therefore, the equivalent impedance of the input side of the rectifier bridge of the system is always equal to the corresponding resistance value of the preset resonant frequency. At the same time, it also ensures that the system rectifier bridge input current is in phase with the voltage, reducing the impact of the DC-DC converter introduction on the system impedance. The SP MC WPT system is taken as the experimental object for verification. The results show that the SP-type MC-WPT system can be free from the constraints of the resistance load in the full resonance compensation optimization method, the system is not affected by the mutual inductance and load changes, and is stable in the full resonance method, which improves the output power and output efficiency.