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Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of DNA methylation of the abnormally high expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in psoriasis vulgaris lesions. Methods The skin lesions of 20 patients with psoriasis vulgaris were taken as experimental group and those from 13 healthy individuals as control group. Bisulfite sequencing (BSP) was used to detect the DNA methylation of KLF4 promoter in the skin samples and in HaCat cells with ten-eleven translocation 3 (TET3) overexpression and interference, respectively. Real time PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the expression levels of KLF4, TET1, TET2 and TET3 in skin samples and transfected HaCat cells. Results The DNA methylation level of KLF4 promoter was significantly lower (P < 0.01), and the KLF4 mRNA level was obviously higher in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.01). A negative correlation was observed between DNA methylation level of KLF4 promoter and KLF4 mRNA level in the experimental group (r=-0.649, P=0.002). The experimental group had notably higher expression level of TET3 (P < 0.01), but had no differences in the levels of TET1 and TET2 when compared with the control group. The expression level of TET3 was negatively correlated with the DNA methylation level of KLF4 promoter in the experimental group (r=-0.688, P=0.001). After overexpression of TET3 in HaCat cells, the DNA methylation level of KLF4 promoter was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and KLF4 expression level was obviously increased (P < 0.01). After interfering with TET3 expression in HaCat cells, the DNA methylation level of KLF4 promoter was notably up-regulated (P < 0.01), and the KLF4 expression level was remarkably decreased (P < 0.01). Conclusion Overexpression of TET3 mediates the overexpression of KLF4 in psoriatic lesions by down-regulating the DNA methylation level of KLF4 promoter.

AbstractObjective To compare the safety and efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment for patients with internal or external adenomyosis based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) classification.Materials and methods A total of 238 patients with internal adenomyosis and 167 patients with external adenomyosis who received HIFU treatment were enrolled. HIFU treatment results and adverse effects between patients with internal and external adenomyosis were compared.Results The treatment time and sonication time for patients with external adenomyosis were significantly longer than that for patients with internal adenomyosis. The total energy used and EEF for patients with external adenomyosis were higher than that for patients with internal adenomyosis (p

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of TNIK regulating actin cytoskeleton morphology in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, and determine its effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of the cancer cells when combined with mitosis-targeted drug. Methods RNA sequencing data were profiled to screen differentially expressed genes in the A549 cells with TNIK stable knockdown, and the expression of genes related to actin cytoskeleton assembly was subsequently detected. RT-PCR, Western blotting, and double immunofluorescence staining were preformed to analyze the molecular mechanism of TNIK regulating the assembly of actin-microtubule cytoskeleton system. Moreover, A549 cells with TNIK knockdown were treated with targeted antimitotic chemotherapeutic agent, paclitaxel, to observe the growth and apoptosis of the cancer cells. Results RNA-seq showed that the differentially expressed genes after TNIK knockdown were closely associated with mitotic progression. Further analysis revealed that TNIK knockdown significantly inhibited the expression of Rho pathway related genes including RhoA/B, ROCK1/2 and LIMK1 at the transcriptional level (P < 0.01), but had no obvious effect on the expression of Rac and CDC42 pathway related genes. Immunofluorescence assay indicated that TNIK knockdown resulted in abnormal mitosis and morphology in actin cytoskeleton system. As compared with the control cells, paclitaxel treatment decreased the proliferation (P < 0.01) while improved the apoptotic rate (P < 0.01) in TNIK knockdown cells. Conclusion TNIK regulates the morphology of actin-microtubule cytoskeleton system in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells through the Rho/ROCK/LIMK1 pathway, and TNIK knockdown can enhance the efficiency of mitosis-targeted chemotherapeutic drug.

Objective: This paper puts forward one cylinder driving five-row longan core-removing mechanism for the low production efficiency of the pneumatic longan core-removing mechanism. Methods: The mechanism adopts one cylinder driving five rows handspikes in the direction, which transport longan to core-removing hole, after the longan is cut under the triangular blade, and another cylinder drives five handspikes in the vertical direction in order to remove longan core. Five longan cores is removed one working process, so that the production efficiency is improved. Results: The result of experiments showed that the order of influencing on longan core-removing loss rate is blade thickness, flow rate, mandril diameter, pneumatic pressure and the interaction of flow rate and pneumatic pressure. Conclusion: When blade thickness is fixed at 2.5 mm, mandril diameter at 6.0 mm, pneumatic pressure at 0.6 MPa, flow rate at 6 m3/h, the core-removing loss rate achieves the lowest value, which is 7.04%.

Accurate location of the fault section in distribution networks is essential in ensuring power supply reliability and self-healing. Based on the extraction and analysis of fault feature information of automatic monitoring devices， this paper constructs the switching function and fitness function suitable for multi-state and different distributed power sources. It introduces additional fault criteria to improve the traditional fitness function. Moreover， it proposes an improved whale optimization algorithm based on multiple strategies. It uses the Sobol sequence to obtain a uniformly distributed initial population and uses differential variation perturbation factor and adaptive weight to improve the optimization accuracy and convergence speed. The simulation on an example shows that the improved whale optimization algorithm used in fault location is characterized by its strong fault tolerance， high fault identification rate， and optimization stability； Moreover， the algorithm can enhance the solution efficiency of fault location.

Water is the main component of wheat flour dough. Its content, distribution, presence state, and state of existence moisture have an important impact on the processing characteristics, preservation and product quality stability of the flour dough. Wheat flour is composed of a variety of components such as protein, starch, fat, pentosan, minerals and etc. Wheat flour is mixed with water to form a dough, in which complex physicochemical changes occur. The composition and physico-chemical properties of the various components in the dough have an important influence. Therefore, understanding the changes of different components in the process of dough mixing with water is of great significance for the quality control and quality improvement of products. In this review, the research results in related fields in recent years were classified and summarized, the interaction mechanism between different components in wheat flour and with water molecules was systematically analyzed, the water absorption and water holding characteristics of different components of wheat flour were discussed, and the effects of different components of wheat flour on water distribution and migration were analyzed. This paper concluded the key ingredients that determine the moisture migration and product quality of dough, such as protein, starch, damaged starch and pentosan etc., in order to further guide the production of wheat flour products.

This paper mainly summarized the research status of relevant detection technology in automatic liquor picking since the industrial revolution in China, and prospected its research and application. At the same time, the related research results of influencing liquor quality were summarized.

When the magnetic coupling wireless power transfer (MC-WPT) system is used for power supply underground, if the system parameters are not properly configured, the input impedance of the system will show non pure resistance, which will cause the system detuning and affect the power supply efficiency of underground power equipment. When the series compensation (S) is used in the secondary side of MC WPT system, it is easy to realize resonance. However, when the parallel compensation (P) is used in the secondary side, the existing research is based on the fact that the system only resonates at the primary side and the system does not fully resonate due to the non-resonance at the secondary side. In order to solve the above problems, a full resonance compensation method for magnetic coupling wireless power transfer (MC-WPT) system is proposed. In this paper, SP-type, PP-type, LCC-P type and LCL-P type compensation topologies are taken as the research object of the secondary side parallel MC-WPT system. The parameter constraint relation of the system in full resonance state is obtained by using impedance analysis method. The simulation comparison between the traditional compensation method and the full resonance compensation method is carry out by using Matlab/Simulink. The results show that the output power of SP type, PP type and LCL-P type compensation topology under the full resonance compensation method is greater than that under the traditional compensation method, and the output power of the LCC-P type compensation topology is less than that under the traditional compensation method. In the full resonance compensation method, the efficiency of SP-type and PP-type topology is not much different from that under the traditional compensation method, the LCC-P-type topology efficiency is much higher than that under the traditional compensation method, and the LCL-P-type topology efficiency is slightly lower than that under the traditional compensation method. In the full resonance method, the system does not need to provide reactive power, and the apparent power is equal to the given output power. In the full resonance compensation method, the SP topology is more suitable for underground coal mines, which is not affected by the change of mutual inductance, but is greatly affected by the resistance load. In order to solve the problem that the resonant frequency of SP Type MC WPT system is affected by the resistance load and the resistance load has a lower limit value under the full resonance compensation method, a DC-DC converter is used to combine impedance matching with active power factor correction. Therefore, the equivalent impedance of the input side of the rectifier bridge of the system is always equal to the corresponding resistance value of the preset resonant frequency. At the same time, it also ensures that the system rectifier bridge input current is in phase with the voltage, reducing the impact of the DC-DC converter introduction on the system impedance. The SP MC WPT system is taken as the experimental object for verification. The results show that the SP-type MC-WPT system can be free from the constraints of the resistance load in the full resonance compensation optimization method, the system is not affected by the mutual inductance and load changes, and is stable in the full resonance method, which improves the output power and output efficiency.

This research addresses the asphalt smoke emission in the process of asphalt pavement construction. The nano-graphene oxide (GO)/tourmaline composites were prepared to alleviate the asphalt smoke emission and improve the construction environment. The macrocharacteristics and micromorphology of the composites were analyzed, and their optimal preparation process was determined. Using material microanalysis methods, such as X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, the structural characteristics and material composition of the composites were studied. The adsorption properties of the composites on asphalt smoke were clarified. It will provide technical support for the improvement of infrastructure construction environment. The results show that 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane is superior than hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in surface modification of tourmaline. During the composite process, surface modifiers and GO had no significant effect on the structure of tourmaline. GO could enhance the adsorption properties of tourmaline on asphalt smoke. When the GO content was 1.5 wt%, the improvement was the largest, which is 17.42%. At that time, the emission-reduction rate of asphalt smoke reached 41.11%.

Objective To investigate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) RP11-288L9.1 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its potential mechanism. Methods Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to screen the differentially expressed lncRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients, and the expression levels of these lncRNAs in 8 pairs of SLE patients and healthy controls were further verified by qRT-PCR. The knockdown as well as over-expression models of RP11-288L9.1 were constructed respectively by transfecting recombinant lentivirus into macrophages, and the transfection efficiency was determined subsequently. The subcellular distribution of RP11-288L9.1 was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Moreover, CCK-8 assay and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit were applied to examine the proliferation and apoptosis of macrophages in both models, and qRT-PCR was conducted to detect the expression of macrophage-related inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 after the transfection. Results Six differentially expressed lncRNAs were found (P < 0.05), in which RP11-288L9.1 was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01), and mainly located in the cytoplasm of macrophages. The over-expression of RP11-288L9.1 promoted the apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of macrophages (P < 0.05), increasing the levels of IL-1β and IL-6, and decreasing those of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 (P < 0.01). In contrast, the knockdown of RP11-288L9.1 significantly induced the proliferation of macrophages and inhibited the apoptosis (P < 0.05), with lowered levels of IL-1β and IL-6 and elevated IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1 (P < 0.01). Conclusion RP11-288L9.1 is highly expressed in the PBMCs of SLE patients, and regulates immune response in macrophages by affecting the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to the occurrence of SLE.

The aerodynamic configuration of the tiltrotor aircraft is constantly changed during the tilting transition process, and the aerodynamic characteristics is of strongly nonlinear characteristics.Aiming at the complex states of continuous tilting transition for the tiltrotor aircraft, the grid system suitable for the simulation of the continuous tilting transition for the tiltrotor aircraft is established through the moving embedded grid and local coordinate system theory, and based on the RANS equation, a CFD method suitable for unsteady flow field analysis with strongly nonlinear aerodynamic characteristics is established.The method is used to simulate the aerodynamic characteristics of the continuous tilt transition for a certain type tiltrotor aircraft from helicopter mode to fixed wing mode.The results show that the aerodynamic characteristics of the rotors and the airframe have the same trend with the increase of the rotor tilt angle for different tilt transition time.As the rotor tilt angle increase, the lift coefficient of airframe is firstly increased and then decreased, and achieved the maximum value near 40°, which is increased by about 30%in comparison with the initial state and level flight.As the rotor tilt angle, with the increased of collective pitch angle and forward flight speed linearly, the rotor tension coefficient and its vertical component gradually are decreased gradually.With the linear increase of the rotor tilt angle and forward flight speed, the total lift of the tiltrotor aircraft can be kept near the target value by using a suitable nonlinear variation curve of the collective pitch angle.

In this paper, the nutritional composition, active ingredients, and digestibility of malt roots were measured and analyzed and compared with those of wheat bran.The results showed that the content of protein(34.3%) and dietary fiber (39.4%) in malt roots are higher than those in wheat bran.The content of essential amino acids (8.37 g/100 g) is twice than that of wheat bran (4.03 g/100 g).The content of lysine, threonine and valine are relatively high in malt roots.Additionally, malt roots not only contain vitamin E (3.14 mg/100g),but also have a higher content of vitamin B2, B6 and B12, folic acid, and vitamin C than those in wheat bran(0.6 mg/100 g, 0.46 mg/100 g, 0.11 μg/100 g, 0.17 mg/100 g, 4.35 mg/100 g, respectively).Furthermore, the malt roots are rich in sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc, copper, phosphorus, iron, and magnesium.It also contains a high content of total polyphenols (1.09%) and a small amount of polysaccharides.At the same time, the regulatory status, application status and application prospect were analyzed from the feed, food and cosmetics fields, which provided a basis for the high-value utilization of malt root by-products.

The natural oscillation frequency of the magnetic coupling wireless power transfer system is easily affected by circuit parameters and frequency bifurcation phenomenon often occurs. In order to solve the above problems, the equivalent circuit model of magnetic coupling wireless energy transfer system is used to derive the load resistance and transfer distance range that can maintain the frequency stability of the system. Furthermore, the load resistance range under which the system frequency stability is not affected by the transfer distance is obtained. In this range, the system always maintains a constant frequency and the natural oscillation frequency is not affected by the transfer distance. Moreover, the theoretical analysis is verified by simulation and experiment. The results show that the increase of load resistance and transfer distance will reduce the output power and transfer efficiency of the system to a certain extent. Therefore, in the context of maintaining the frequency stability of the system, the output power and transfer efficiency should be considered, and the appropriate load resistance and transfer distance should be selected so as to prevent the output power and transfer efficiency of the system from being too low.

In this study,by measuring the white light interference images,scanning electron microscope pictures and whiteness,transmittance,fine whiteness,L value,a value and b value of japonica rice with different bran degrees,the changed of japonica rice appearance and characteristics were studied.Studies showned that the grain cortex on both sides of the rice grain is ground first,and the abdomen and back of the rice grain are difficult to grind; the surface roughness increases first and then decreases with the bron degree;Aleurone layer and endosperm cell structure,as the decreases of bran degrees,are milled layer by layer; the whiteness,permeability,fine whiteness and L value of the sample are gradually increased,and the a value and b value are gradually reduced.

The Mg-9Al-3Si-0.375Sr-0.78Y alloy specimens were compressed at constant isothermal strain rate by Gleeble 3500 thermal-simulation machine. The hot deformation behavior in the range of 250-400℃ and strain rate 0.001-10 s-1were studied. The results show that the peak stress decreases with the decreasing of strain rate and the increasing of temperature, meanwhile, the sensitivity of peak stress to strain rate increases with the decreasing of deformation temperature. In addition, the Arrhenius constitutive equation of hot deformation considering strain is established. The calculated flow stresses are compared with the experimental results, in the range of 300, 350℃ and 0.001-10 s-1, the mean absolute errors of the model are 1.57% and 1.76%, respectively. The average deformation activation energy is about 183.58 kJ/mol, and the average strain rate sensitivity index is 0.1616. The α-Mg phases exhibit dynamic recrystallization characteristics obviously. The size of β-Mg17Al12 phases decreases and its distribution becomes uniform, and the morphology of primary Mg2Si phase changes little. At low temperature (250-300℃), dynamic recrystallization occurs only at the grain boundary. Under high temperature (350-400℃) deformation, the primary α-Mg grains show significant dynamic recrystallization. With the increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate, recrystallization degree increases and recrystallization grain grows gradually.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between the structure and antioxidant activity of purified red date polysaccharide ZJP-1 and sulfated red date polysaccharide S-ZJP-1. Methods: Using remnant jujube as raw material, jujube polysaccharide (ZJP-1) was purified by hot water extraction, and then separated by DEAE-52 ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex-200 dextran gel column chromatography. Thereafter, red jujube polysaccharide sulfated derivative (S-ZJP-1) was obtain through chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine sulfated modification. Results: Both ZJP-1 and S-ZJP-1 are composed of three monosaccharides: glucose, arabinose, and galactose, but the ratios are different. The two polysaccharides had characteristic absorption peaks of polysaccharides, and S-ZJP-1 had characteristic absorption peaks of sulfate groups, indicating that the sulfation modification was successful. No triple helical structure was found in ZJP-1 or S-ZJP-1, while a sheet-like structure was detected. The results of the activity test confirmed that the polysaccharides ZJP-1 and S-ZJP-1 had significant scavenging activity on DPPH free radicals with reducing ability. When the mass concentration of the two kinds of polysaccharide was 0.5 mg/mL, the DPPH free radical scavenging activities were 40.4% and 47.6%, and the reducing ability is 0.419 and 0.531, respectively. Conclusion: The sulfate-modification jujube polysaccharide has higher antioxidant activity and is a good natural antioxidant.

To reduce the delamination of mango juice beverage during processing and storage，improve product stability and shelf life quality，the single factor experiment，sensory evaluation and stability analysis were carried out to study the stability of five kinds of hydrophilic-colloid，such as xanthan gum，pectin，soybean polysaccharide，sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na)，gellan gum when used in mango juice drink.Xanthan gum and CMC-Na were further selected for the optimized combination experiment.The results showed that the stability of 0.7 g/kg xanthan gum and 1.8 g/kg CMC-Na was the optimum addition.

Global aging is a major trend of social development and it’s also a major challenge that people face.Due to the physiological factors such as organ dysfunction，cell and muscle attenuation，anabolic metabolism less than catabolic metabolism，the elderly are easier to have diet dysfunction，muscular attenuation，digestion，malnutrition and other health problems.Through the investigation，it was found that products for elders in Chinese market were limited and the nutrients were not comprehensive，moreover，most of the products could not meet the dietary nutrition needed for elderly consumers.This review investigated the existing problems and challenges of the food for elders in the current market based on the current health status of elders in China.This review further summarized formula design and key technology of food for elders，in order to provide technical support and advice for designing-foods that could meet the nutritional needs of aging diet.

This paper reviews the development trend and prospect of sports nutrition market，as well as the research advance and functions of soy peptide，wheat peptide and collagen peptide in sports nutrition.The functions mainly include offering the required protein and essential amino-acid (EAA)，relieving fatigue，repairing of exercise-induced muscle damage，promoting fat metabolism，elevating athletic ability and so on.The paper mainly describes the molecular weight distribution，essential amino acid composition and function of different peptides in sports performance which will provide some references and theoretical support for the application and development of sports nutrition products.

The high resolution numerical simulation for rotor/wing-body interaction flow-field in hover is crucial for the accurate prediction of aerodynamic performance of the tilt-rotor aircraft, and is the one of the important issues of helicopter aerodynamics. Based on the moving-embedded grid technique, a CFD simulation method for predicting unsteady flow-field is established. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations are used as governing equations and Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is employed, implicit LU-SGS scheme is adopted. On this basis, the unsteady interaction flow-field of the rotor/wing-body are investigated in deep research, and the special phenomenon“fountain effect” is obtained. The different preset flaps/ailerons affect on decreasing rotor/wing-body aerodynamic interference is studied. The results show that the total thrust is lossed about 16.6%, the aerodynamic interference is lowest when the preset flaps/ailerons angle is 45°, and the total thrust loss is reduced to 13.8% from 16.6%.

The flight mechanical model of tilt-rotor UAV is the basis of designing flight control rate and analyzing flight characteristics.Based on the engineering reality, the nonlinear flight mechanics model of a new configuration tilt-rotor UAV is set up.Features and advantages of the new type rotor-craft are analyzed compared with the traditional tilt-rotor.The flight dynamics models of helicopter mode, conversion mode and airplane mode are developed.Based on the flight mechanics model, taking helicopter mode for example, trim and stability are analyzed for different flight speed.The calculate results show that, this configuration tilting rotor has good lateral and directional stability in helicopter mode.The lateral and longitudinal coupling of helicopter hover mode is nearly little.

The aerodynamic design of tilt-rotor needs to synthetically consider the different requirements in helicopter mode and fixed-wing aircraft mode. The multi-objective genetic algorithm based on Kriging surrogate model is used to establish an optimization design methods for aerodynamic shape of tilt-rotor, the Latin hypercube sampling method is employed to generate the initial sample points, and the Kriging surrogate model is built to replace the numerical simulation of flow. The objective function of optimization is maximum hovering thrust and cruising efficiency, the plane shape optimization design of tilt-rotor rotor blade is performed with the constraints of non-increasing hovering power and non-decreasing cruising thrust, and verified with unsteady numerical simulation and wind tunnel test. The results show that the numerical simulation results are in accord with wind tunnel test results, and the optimization results can satisfy the design indicator.

The purpose of this study was to reduce the loss of raw material calcium in the preparation of calcium silicate board and improve the synergistic utilization efficiency of solid waste. This test used a carbide slag-coal-based solid waste gelling system as the raw material to develop high-strength pure solid waste calcium silicate board. The main mineral components produced in the calcium silicate board and the variation in calcium silicate board strength with different proportioning were analyzed using thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) test. The results show that the use of carbide slag completely substitutes cement. Fly ash and silica fume were mixed in mass ratio of 1:1 to prepare a mixed gelling system. Finally, the tobago mullite pure solid-waste calcium silicate template could be made with a water-cement ratio of 0.3. When silica fume was added in the mass percent of 0-10%, the bending strength of the template strengthened. Flexural strength of the calcium silicate board reached maximum when the amount of silica fume was 10%. Here, raw material particles composed of various dimensions were fully mixed. Also, crystals and hydrated gels closely interacted. Thus, the mechanical properties of the calcium silicate board significantly improved. The bending strength of the calcium silicate board tends to increase first, and then decrease with increasing NaOH dosage. The surface of the calcium silicate board was smooth when the mass percent of NaOH was 4% and mechanical strength reached a maximum of 11.8 MPa. This proved to be the optimum amount of added NaOH. The hydration reaction of the gelling system can achieve the best stimulating effect when 4% NaOH is added using scanning electron microscopy analysis. Moreover, the microstructure of material billets has an important impact on the final mechanical properties. However, the mechanical strength of the pre-cured calcium silicate board is not decisive of the final mechanical properties. The internal hydration gel number, shape, and connection are linked to each other inside the calcium silicate board; this is the key factor in determining the final mechanical properties of the calcium silicate board.

Paste backfilling technology, by which tailings paste is transported into underground stopes, does not only relieve the environmental pressure caused by increasing volumes of tailings ponds, but also averts the potential dangers of underground goaf. However, because of the complex characteristics of some mine tailings, it is challenging to adopt the paste backfilling technology for tailings disposal, as the pipeline transportation of highly muddy pastes is difficult because of the poor flowability caused by high yield stress. To improve the flowability of tailings pastes, a rheological experimental setup have been designed to investigate the mechanism of how pumping agents affect the rheological properties of a highly muddy paste. The results show that a significant linear relationship exists between the tailings paste concentration and corresponding yield stress, with different pumping agent dosages. Further analysis reveals a significant exponential relationship between pumping agent dosage and slope (or intercept) of the linear function. Finally, the prediction function for the yield stress is proposed, considering the pumping agent dosage and tailings paste concentration. This can characterize how the pumping agent influences the rheological properties of a highly muddy paste and enable precise forecasting of the pumping agent dosage and management of slurry flowability. Based on the prediction model, the effect mechanism of pumping agent on a highly muddy tailings paste rheology is proposed. Based on the analysis of the images observed from an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), it is found that the presence of pumping agent causes the destruction of flocs in tailings pastes. Meanwhile, the optimal dosage of pumping agent suggested by experiments is about 1%. Furthermore, the pumping agent accounts for floc size shrinkage and consequently yield stress reduction. Moreover, increasing the distance between broken flocs weakens their interactions and slows down the flocs destruction rate. The observations agree with the theoretical analysis results.

To assure that compression on the rakes of a deep corn thickener does not stop mixing, an additional circular slurry system, which activates slurry all the time, is employed and running resistance is usually decreased. However, there is still uncertainty on how circular parameters affect underflow properties. This means that the design and application of such systems lack support from scientific theories. Hence, it is necessary to create a study on how circular parameters regulate underflow parameters. Analysis of the circular system mechanism shows that its effect can be divided into two parts and the effect of the system on underflow properties is clarified. In addition, the value of underflow concentration in thickeners is solved based on calculus and finally a mathematical model is produced, which simulates the regulation of underflow properties in thickeners. Using the model, the circular parameters of underflow in thickeners are verified. The experiment indicates that the solid concentration of underflow decreases with circular underflow initiation, then tends to stabilize. Also, the volume fraction of underflow increases in the range of 0.7% -2.2% with ascending circular flow and height. In addition, the time necessary for the solid concentration to stabilize is reversely affected by underflow flow and height. The regression function obtained from experimental statistics shows excellent performance in the model when designing and analyzing circular systems for thickeners.