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In EV/HEV application, the maximum internal temperature allowed for film capacitor should be less than 105 ℃, which leaves especial limited temperature margin as the capacitor works in high ambient temperature of 85 ℃. However, temperature rising of capacitor is strongly related to the load condition. And it is difficult to define the temperature allowance of capacitor accurately in the early design. For this purpose, a consolidated electrothermal simulation method based Foster thermal network model is presented in this paper to predict the transient temperature inside the capacitor. To set up a complete simulation model, the parameters of five-order Foster resistor-capacitor thermal network model are extracted by the method of capacitor temperature rise experiment. The temperature rising of film capacitor in the conditions of NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) & USA highway driving cycle is calculated by the complete simulation model. Simulation results show that a good correspondence is presented between capacitor temperature rising curve vs ripple current under driving cycle, and the maximum temperature rise can be clearly assessed by this temperature prediction method.

This article was designed to explore the effects and mechanisms of miR-185-5p on the replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed for detecting the abundance of miR-185-5p and HCV RNA in HCV-infected primary hepatocytes and Huh7.5 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used for exploring the interaction between miR-185-5p and GALNT8. Western blot analyzed protein expression of GALNT8, NS3, and NS5A. miR-185-5p was remarkably downregulated in HCV-infected primary hepatocytes and Huh7.5 cells. miR-185-5p upregulation inhibited HCV RNA expression, while its inhibition promoted HCV replication. miR-185-5p induced accumulation of NS3 and NS5A in the cells. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay verified the targeted relationship between miR-185-5p and GALNT8. In addition, the effects of overexpressing or knocking down miR-185-5p on HCV replication could be correspondingly eliminated by the overexpression or knockdown of GALNT8. miR-185-5p may target GALNT8 in JFH1-infected Huh7.5 cells and then inhibit HCV replication. miR-185-5p may be a potential target for treating HCV.

Calmodulin transduces [Ca2+] information regulating the rhythmic Ca2+ cycling between the sarcoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm during contraction and relaxation in cardiac and skeletal muscle. However, the structural dynamics by which calmodulin modulates the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel, the ryanodine receptor, at physiologically relevant [Ca2+] is unknown. Using fluorescence lifetime FRET, we resolve different structural states of calmodulin and Ca2+-driven shifts in the conformation of calmodulin bound to ryanodine receptor. Skeletal and cardiac ryanodine receptor isoforms show different calmodulin-ryanodine receptor conformations, as well as binding and structural kinetics with 0.2-ms resolution, which reflect different functional roles of calmodulin. These FRET methods provide insight into the physiological calmodulin-ryanodine receptor structural states, revealing additional distinct structural states that complement cryo-EM models that are based on less physiological conditions. This technology will drive future studies on pathological calmodulin-ryanodine receptor interactions and dynamics with other important ryanodine receptor bound modulators.

This review selectively describes the recent progress in the interactions of proteins (enzymes) and short-chain peptides with graphene and graphene oxide (GO). Particularly, the advances of the immobilization mechanisms of enzymes on graphene and GO, the catalytic properties of the immobilized enzymes, and their applications are summarized in detail. The interfacings of the peptides with graphene and GO, the as assembled conjugates, and their potential applications are discussed briefly. The possible ongoing development for the assembly of conjugates of graphene and GO with proteins and peptides in a controlled manner is speculated upon.

Abstract We report herein a facile method for the preparation of sodium tungsten bronzes hollow nanospheres using hydrogen gas bubbles as reactant for chemical reduction of tungstate to tungsten and as template for the formation of hollow nanospheres at the same time. The chemical composition and the crystalline state of the as-prepared hollow Na0.15WO3nanospheres were characterized complementarily, and the hollow structure formation mechanism was proposed. The hollow Na0.15WO3nanospheres showed large Brunauer–Emment–Teller specific area (33.8 m2 g−1), strong resistance to acids, and excellent ability to remove organic molecules such as dye and proteins from aqueous solutions. These illustrate that the hollow nanospheres of Na0.15WO3should be a useful adsorbent.

The N-terminal region (NTR) of ryanodine receptor (RyR) channels is critical for the regulation of Ca2+ release during excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in muscle. The NTR hosts numerous mutations linked to skeletal (RyR1) and cardiac (RyR2) myopathies, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Here, we constructed two biosensors by labeling the mouse RyR2 NTR at domains A, B, and C with FRET pairs. Using fluorescence lifetime (FLT) detection of intramolecular FRET signal, we developed high-throughput screening (HTS) assays with these biosensors to identify small-molecule RyR modulators. We then screened a small validation library and identified several hits. Hits with saturable FRET dose-response profiles and previously unreported effects on RyR were further tested using [3H]ryanodine binding to isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles to determine effects on intact RyR opening in its natural membrane. We identified three novel inhibitors of both RyR1 and RyR2 and two RyR1-selective inhibitors effective at nanomolar Ca2+. Two of these hits activated RyR1 only at micromolar Ca2+, highlighting them as potential enhancers of excitation-contraction coupling. To determine whether such hits can inhibit RyR leak in muscle, we further focused on one, an FDA-approved natural antibiotic, fusidic acid (FA). In skinned skeletal myofibers and permeabilized cardiomyocytes, FA inhibited RyR leak with no detrimental effect on skeletal myofiber excitation-contraction coupling. However, in intact cardiomyocytes, FA induced arrhythmogenic Ca2+ transients, a cautionary observation for a compound with an otherwise solid safety record. These results indicate that HTS campaigns using the NTR biosensor can identify compounds with therapeutic potential.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides with 2H-phases, as a unique platform of valleytronics, display valley polarization and the well-known anomalous valley Hall effect when stacking with 2D magnetic substrates. In this study, we employ first-principles calculations to investigate the magnetic states, band structures, and magnetic proximity-dependent valley properties of 2D van der Waals heterostructures Cr2Ge2Te6/2H-MX2 (M = Mo, W, and X = S, Se, Te). Our findings reveal that the heterostructures possess stacking-dependent spontaneous valley polarization as well as pristine perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Additionally, the Berry curvature and circular polarization demonstrate the presence of spin–momentum coupling characteristics, while the calculated non-zero Hall voltage indicates that the anomalous valley Hall effect can be achieved in valley-polarized systems. Furthermore, due to the strain effect and the electronic polarization at the interface, Cr2Ge2Te6/2H-MX2 heterostructures undergo the transition from semiconductors to semimetals upon substitution of early chalcogen elements. These calculations provide valuable insights for practical applications of valleytronics in 2D van der Waals heterostructure systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of flawless and defect-free mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) comprising metal-organic framework (MOF) and polymer is often difficult owing to the poor MOF/polymer interface compatibility. Herein, we present the synthesis of an important family of pillared-layered MOFs with polymerizable moieties based on the parent structure [Zn2L2P]n [L = vinyl containing benzenedicarboxylic acid linkers; P = 4,4'-bipyridine (bipy)]. The crystalline structures of polymerizable MOFs were analyzed using single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The presence of reactive double bonds in MOFs was verified by the successful thiol-ene click reaction with sulfhydryl compounds. The subsequent copolymerization of polymerizable MOFs with organic monomers produced mixed matrix membranes with enhanced MOF/polymer interfacial adhesion that enabled good separation efficiency of CO2 from flue gas. This strategy provides a stimulating platform to the preparation of highly efficient MMMs that are capable of mitigating energy consumption and environment issues.

Abstract Background The purposes of this study were to measure both the mRNA and protein expression levels of high-temperature requirement serine peptidase 1 (HtrA1) in human esophageal cancer tissues and their adjacent, comparatively normal esophageal tissues. Methods The expression levels of HtrA1 mRNA and protein in both tissue types were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) and Western blotting. The clinical and pathological correlation between HtrA1 expression levels and the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer was analyzed. Results The expression levels of HtrA1 mRNA and protein in esophageal carcinoma were significantly lower than the levels expressed in their adjacent normal esophageal tissue (p p p p Conclusions HtrA1 expression is associated with the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer.

Abstract In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals with different morphologies were synthesized and used as substrates for enzyme immobilization. The effects of morphology of ZnO nanocrystals on enzyme immobilization and their catalytic activities were investigated. The ZnO nanocrystals were prepared through a hydrothermal procedure using tetramethylammonium hydroxide as a mineralizing agent. The control on the morphology of ZnO nanocrystals was achieved by varying the ratio of CH3OH to H2O, which were used as solvents in the hydrothermal reaction system. The surface of as-prepared ZnO nanoparticles was functionalized with amino groups using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and tetraethyl orthosilicate, and the amino groups on the surface were identified and calculated by FT-IR and the Kaiser assay. Horseradish peroxidase was immobilized on as-modified ZnO nanostructures with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. The results showed that three-dimensional nanomultipod is more appropriate for the immobilization of enzyme used further in catalytic reaction.