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[Objective] This study aimed to screen the excellent lactic acid bacteria strains to construct a special pickle fermentation strain for radish. [Methods] Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the pickle brines of Laotan sauerkraut collected from different regions by dilution coating method. The species were determined by physiological identification, morphological identification （colony observation, Gram staining）, 16S rDNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction, and their growth characteristics, tolerance and flavor substances were detected. [Results] Isolation, screening, and physiological identification yielded 120 colonies of round, convex bacteria, which appeared rod-shaped or spherical under the microscope and were all Gram-positive strains. Further 15 strains with high acid production capacity were obtained by acid production capacity test. By molecular sequencing, 1 strain was identified as Bacillus, 13 strains as Lactobacillus plantarum and 1 strain as Pediococcus pentosus. Among them, L. plantarum was the dominant lactic acid fermentation strain screened in Sichuan, Chongqing, Liaoning, Guizhou, Hunan and Nanping of Hubei province, and Bacillus and P. pentosus were screened in Tuanbao area of northern Hubei Province. The growth characteristics of different types of fermentation strains were analyzed, and the growth rate of strains LA-8 and LA-11 was faster than other strains; Strain LA-8 had the highest acid production capacity, and was resistant to 10% salt and 15% sucrose. All four strains had the ability to degrade nitrite. Strains LA-4 and LA-6 were able to produce 15% sucrose, and their growth rate and acid-producing capacity were slightly lower than that of L. plantarum. The initial experiment of radish fermentation showed that LA-8 and LA-11 had stronger fermentation ability and faster acid production. The electronic nose detection technology was used to detect the fermentation flavor of radish, and it was found that the volatile substances produced by four strains of different types of lactic acid bacteria were different. [Conclusion] Three different types of dominant fermentation strains were screened from the mother water of radish laotan pickle in different regions, which could be further used as the source of strains for the production of radish pickle industry.

Background The surgical protocols and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients influenced by the status of lymph node metastasis. It is necessary to identify risk factors that can predict lymph node metastasis to assist in clinical treatment. Objective To investigate the predict value of tumor budding (TB) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) on lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with ESCC. Methods A total of 124 patients with ESCC who underwent radical resection and retained paraffin-embedded specimens in the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University from January 2013 to March 2022 were selected as the research subjects. The light microscopy and CK5/6 immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the amount of TB and density of TILs. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of lymph node metastasis in patients with ESCC and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to investigate the predictive value of TB and TILs for lymph node metastasis in patients with ESCC. Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that TB〔OR=20.078, 95%CI (6.043, 66.713), P

Solid-state electrolytes have garnered attention as potential replacements for liquid organic electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries due to their inherent nonflammability and mechanical stability. In this study, the effect of O doping on the transport properties of Li3PS4 solid electrolytes was investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. The P–O bond is shorter than the P–S bond after O doping, providing more space for Li-ion migration, and making it easier for Li ions to migrate between tetrahedral Li, which was originally somewhat restricted. The diffusion coefficients of Li ions increase in all XYZ directions after doping, with the most significant improvement observed in the Y direction. Radial distribution function and bond length tracking revealed fast Li ion migration, while the PS4 skeleton remained stable. Our results provide insights for the design of solid-state electrolytes through rational doping strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intra‐gap states that are introduced into a semiconducting photocatalyst via dopants and other defects have significant implications on the transport dynamics of photoexcited electrons and holes during an aqueous light‐driven reaction. In this work, mechanistic understanding of Rh‐doped rutile, a promising photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water, is gained by systematic assessment combining intensity‐modulated photocurrent spectroscopy with sub‐gap excitations and alternating‐current photocurrent spectroscopy. These operando techniques not only help in discovering a new electronic transport path in Rh‐rutile via surface Rh4+ species and elucidating complex interaction between electrolyte molecules and semiconductors, but also underscore the potential of utilizing multiple sub‐gap excitations synergistically. This combination offers a powerful tool for acquiring insight into photo‐physical and photo‐chemical behaviors of photo(electro)catalysts with intra‐gap states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cocatalysts play a key role in enhancing activity of photoelectrodes while the study of their interaction remains a challenge. Here, we decoupled the relationship between oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation performance by modifying an identical BiVO4 with different cobalt‐based OER catalysts including Co, CoO, Co3O4, and Co4N. The electrochemical OER activities of these cobalt specimens were quite similar. Their anodic photocurrent density followed an order of: Co4N>Co>Co3O4>CoO after loading on the BiVO4 electrode. The kinetics process and energy band diagram were analyzed, revealing that the interface between different cobalt specimens and BiVO4 electrode influenced the charge recombination and transfer. Accordingly, we propose a corresponding structural model, which shows that the cocatalysts consist of inner part for interface modulation and the outer layer for catalysis. The present work reveals the vital role of contact interface between cocatalysts and semiconductors, and more attention should be paid when selecting the cocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]