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The diagnosis and treatment of disorder of consciousness (DOC) is still challenging. One of the neural mechanisms of DOC is the destruction of synchronization and connectivity of neural oscillation. This article will review the progress of neural oscillation in the diagnosis and treatment of DOC from three aspects: theoretical basis, application progress, and existing deficiencies of neural oscillations applied to DOC. Neural oscillation is the periodic and synchronous activity of neurons under certain conditions. There are obvious differences in the spectrum characteristics, phase synchronization, and response to neural regulation of neural oscillations among different severities of DOC. The analysis of neural oscillation based on electroencephalography (EEG) reveals the information transmission and processing ability at different levels of consciousness, which is helpful to distinguish different degrees of DOC more accurately and achieve the purpose of DOC wakening treatment by regulating neuro oscillation. Despite there being some problems like insufficient mechanism studies and slow application transformation, neural oscillation has shown great application potential in the diagnosis and treatment of DOC.

Abstract [Objective] Trifolium ambiguum Bieb. is an excellent nectar source plant, and understanding the morphological characteristics, tissue structure, and development are critical for proper utilization of T . ambiguum resources. [Methods] Nectar glands of T . ambiguum were collected from five developmental periods and cellular structures were observed in paraffin sections, while the nectar volume and sugar content were determined by capillary method and physiological kits. [Results] (1) Nectar glands were found in the medial base of the filament of nine connate stamens. Distribution of starch grains in nectar production process changed dynamically, belonging to the starch-type nectar gland. (2) The nectar volume of a single floret was (0.394±0.095) μL, and the nectar volume per square meter of grass was (4536.93 ±1319.34) μL. (3) Soluble sugar was the highest in full flowering, 7.978 mg/g. Fructose accounted for the largest proportion of soluble sugar components, more than 50%, and showed a gradual decreasing trend throughout the development of florets. Starch accounted for 81%-82% of the total sugar content, with the highest in full flower, 35.173 mg/g. [Conclusion] The nectar glands of T . ambiguum belong to the androecium nectar glands, consisting of secretory epithelium and nectar-secreting tissues. The raw nectar is supplied by the vascular bundle of the receptacle, processed into nectar by the nectary tissue, and then exits through the stomata of the epidermis. Soluble sugar of the florets is the highest at full flowering, with fructose accounting for the largest proportion.

This study aimed to select Lactobacillus with high bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and to explore its protective role against neonatal jaundice. The LBS selective medium supplemented with 25 U/mL nystatin was used to screen and identify Lactobacillus strains isolated from the feces of healthy newborns and breast milk. L. rhamnosus (LGG) was used as a positive control to evaluate the in vitro probiotic properties and bile salt hydrolase activity of the Lactobacillus strains. Thereafter, the protective effect and mechanism of the selected isolates with high bile salt hydrolase activity against phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHZ)-induced neonatal jaundice in rats were investigated by analyzing serum bilirubin levels, hepatotoxicity, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines and nuclear transcription factors in the liver. The results showed that compared with the LGG, L. gasseri FWJL-5, which was isolated from infant feces, exhibited outstanding in vitro probiotic properties and higher bile salt hydrolase activity than LGG. L. gasseri FWJL-5 significantly alleviated the increase in serum bilirubin levels, liver tissue swelling and hemolysis in PHZ-treated neonatal rats, reduced the release of hepatic enzymes, inhibited the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and promoted the expression of UGT1A1, pregnane X receptor (PXR), and farnesol X receptor (FXR). Taken together, L. gasseri FWJL-5 could regulate bilirubin metabolism in the liver by up-regulating the expression of FXR/PXR and UGT1A1, thereby alleviating neonatal jaundice in rats. Our findings may provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of neonatal jaundice by L. gasseri.

In the Chinese strong-flavor baijiu (CSFB) fermentation ecosystem, the caproic acid-anabolism of caproic acid-producing bacteria (CPBs) is very important for improving the fermentation quality of CSFB. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly understand the types of CPBs and their caproic acid-anabolism characteristics. This minireview introduces readers to the diversity, phylogenetic relationship, physiological and metabolic characteristics, and caproic acid synthesis mechanism of CPBs isolated from the CSFB fermentation ecosystem as well as their synergistic metabolic relationships with other CPBs or non-CPBs. This paper provides a reference for understanding the in-situ caproic acid-anabolism pattern of CPBs from the CSFB fermentation ecosystem, and further provides a theoretical basis for the future targeted application of CPBs in CSFB fermentation and for CPBs culture engineering for the synthesis of high value-added caproic acid.

In the Chinese electricity market, the deviation between monthly actual electricity demand and generation plans has become particularly prominent amidst deepening power system reform. This study focuses on the uncertainties of wind power and photovoltaic power generation in the medium to long term electricity market. It also examines the impact of maintenance scheduling for conventional generation units on the implementation of medium to long-term generation scheduling plans. The article proposes a model for optimizing the joint generation and maintenance scheduling on a monthly basis. The model is based on deviation handling and employs upward and downward price incentive mechanisms. The aim is to minimize the cost of adjusting the deviation of monthly transaction contract quantities. To deal with the challenges posed by source-load uncertainties, the model utilizes fuzzy chance-constrained programming. The research findings confirm that the proposed model can significantly reduce system operating costs, curtailment of wind power and photovoltaic power, and enhance the market integration of renewable energy. Additionally, it can achieve uniformity in the completion rate of monthly contract quantities for conventional thermal power units, ensuring a balanced power system in terms of economy and security. The study presents an optimization method for executing contract quantities in the electricity market, contributing to improved efficiency in power resource allocation and reduced energy losses. The research enriches the theoretical foundation of power system scheduling and provides practical operational guidelines for power dispatch, making it significant for promoting sustainable development in the power industry and ensuring energy security.

【Objective】 This paper aims to assess the indirect influence of virtual water flow on metropolitan-scale agricultural water stress in Sichuan province. It investigates the spatiotemporal variation in this context, elucidating how persistent growth in agricultural water use and the movement of virtual water through agricultural products across the province indirectly impacts regional water stress. 【Method】 The AquaCrop model was employed to calculate the water footprint of 16 different crops from 2000 to 2018 in all metropolitan cities within the province. The calculation of inter-province virtual water flow was based on annual balance between crop production and food demand, by considering the minimum transportation costs cross the province. These calculated results were then used to analyze the influence of virtual water flow on agricultural water stress. 【Result】 From 2000 to 2018, the average water footprint of crop production in Sichuan was estimated to be 28.4 billion cubic meters per year. The total water footprint of crop production in the province exhibited a fluctuation during the studied period, with the most notable change observed in Leshan. The province experienced a net increase in virtual water inflow, with the Western areas receiving more inflow than the Eastern regions. The continuous influx of virtual water has contributed to the alleviation of agricultural water stress in the province, reducing the number of cities experiencing increased water stress due to virtual water outflows from four in 2000 to one in 2018. 【Conclusion】 The analysis of physical and virtual water highlights the need for Sichuan province to enhance the regulation and optimization of virtual water trade as a means to mitigate agricultural water stress.

Multiple myeloma （MM） is a malignant plasma cell disease with bone pain， renal insufficiency， anemia and hypercalcemia as the main symptoms. It is likely to be misdiagnosed and missed diagnosis because of complex clinical manifestations. MM with temporomandibular arthritis as the initial symptom is rare. In this article， the diagnosis and treatment of one case of IgD MM with temporomandibular arthritis as the initial symptom were reported. The 48-year-old male patient presented with pain and numbness in the right temporomandibular area as the initial symptoms. He was admitted to different local hospitals. Imaging examination was highly indicative of MM， which was eventually confirmed by bone marrow aspiration and immunofixation electrophoresis. This case prompts that clinicians should deepen the understanding of MM， especially IgD MM that is relatively difficult to diagnose， aiming to lower the risk of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

Conventional science and technology performance assessment methods and indicators can no longer meet the current needs of urban science and technology innovation performance assessment, and innovative research is urgently needed. In this study, the four elements of innovation input, innovation process, innovation output, and innovation guarantee are taken as the first-level indicators of the urban science and technology innovation performance assessment index system. The G1 entropy value correction method is used to assign weights to the urban science and technology innovation performance assessment index system to reduce subjective arbitrariness. Finally, the specific situation of innovation elements and innovation performance in S city was selected, and the influence relationship between innovation elements and innovation performance assessment was analyzed using a vector autoregressive model. The results show that the method of assessing the city’s science and technology innovation performance based on the VAR model is simple and easy to operate, the confidence coefficient of the assessment model is more than 0.7, and the mean value of the validity CVR is 0.703. The assessment results have a high degree of credibility and validity and effectively promote the region’s scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement.

At present, more and more small-sized or even micro reducers are applied in the fields of national defense and military, medical equipment, aerospace, etc. In view of the large size of the current RV reducers, a small-sized RV Reducer is proposed. Firstly, based on the analysis of the basic structure of the small-sized RV Reducer, the size parameters of each part were determined, and the 3 D solid model was established by SolidWorks software. Then, the force analysis and strength check of the involute planetary gear and cycloid pin gear mechanism were carried out by the theory of force analysis and strength check for conventional RV transmission system, and the simulation is carried out by the finite element analysis software. Finally, by comparing the theoretical calculation results with the simulation results, the maximum contact stress errors of the involute planetary gear and the cycloidal pin gear tooth surface are up to 5.77% and 11.03%, respectively, which verifies the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the rationality of the structural design, and provides theoretical support for the subsequent research on small-sized RV reducers.

IntroductionTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been shown to be clinically beneficial for critically ill patients. However, this is a burden for neonates or children with small circulating blood volumes. Here, we aimed to develop and validate a microsampling TDM platform (including dried blood spots (DBS) and capillary microsamples (CMS)) for the simultaneous quantification of vancomycin, meropenem, and linezolid.MethodsPaired DBS and CMS samples were obtained from an intensive care unit (ICU) to evaluate its clinical application. Estimated plasma concentrations (EPC) were calculated from DBS concentrations. Agreement between methods was evaluated using Deming regression and Bland-Altman difference plots.ResultsThe microsampling methods validation showed excellent reliability and compatibility with the analysis of the sample matrix and hematocrit range of the studied population. The DBS and CMS accuracy and precision results were within accepted ranges and samples were stable at room temperature for at least 2 days and 8 h, respectively. Hematocrit had no impact on CMS, but sightly impacted DBS measurements. The CMS and DBS antibiotic concentrations correlated well (r > 0.98). The drug concentration ratio in DBS samples to that in CMS was 1.39 for vancomycin, 1.34 for meropenem, and 0.94 for linezolid. The EPC calculated from the DBS using individual hematocrit ranges presented comparable absolute values for vancomycin (slope: 1.06) and meropenem (slope: 1.04), with a mean of 98% and 99% of the measured CMS concentrations, respectively.DiscussionThis study provides a microsampling TDM platform validated for clinical use for a rapid quantification of three antibiotics and is suitable for real-time TDM-guided personalization of antimicrobial treatment in critically ill children.

In our paper, the optimal process conditions for rosin glyceride were obtained as follows: zinc acetate is the zinc source, the theoretical load of zinc source is 0.25 g, the reaction temperature is 240°C, the reaction time is 5 h, and the amount of catalyst is 0.2 g. The esterification rate was 81.5%, and the acid value was 38.2 mg KOH g−1. The catalytic activity of the catalyst remained basically unchanged after 5 times use, indicating that it has good stability, and an available catalyst was added for the rosin esterification reaction.

In this paper, through the secondary development of ProCAST&CAFE software, the dynamic boundary conditions of solidification process were established, the temperature field and solid fraction in the directional solidification process of low nickel austenitic stainless steel were simulated, and the effect of the pull rate on solidification microstructure was discussed. The results shows that the withdrawal rate is in the range of 15~200 μm/s, as the solidification speed increases, the isotherm becomes dense, gummy zone narrowing. And as the solidification rate increases, the primary dendrite arm gradually refines and the secondary dendrite arm becomes dense and coarse. In addition, as the withdrawal rate increases in the range of 15 to 200 μm/s, the lateral heat dissipation of the edge of the casting is gradually smaller than that of the central longitudinal heat dissipation, and the axial deviation of the dendrites is reduced from 27.66 ° to 25.964 °. At the same time, the comparative analysis simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, and the simulation calculation process is more reasonable.

This pot experiment was to evaluate how salts (NaCl, Na2SO4) and alkali (Na2CO3+NaHCO3) affect the physiological and biochemical characteristics during the seedling stage of two cotton cultivars (salt-tolerant, L24; salt-sensitive, X45). Salt and alkali stress reduced seedling emergence rate, relative biomass, and chlorophyll content, however, the REC and MDA content increased. Salt and alkali stress increased markedly superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Peroxidase (POD) activity increased first and then decreased as the increase of salt and alkali stress. Catalase (CAT) activity initially increased and then decreased as NaCl stress increased. In addition, the SOD activity, REC, and MDA content was markedly higher in salt stress than that in alkali stress. The proline content of L24 was higher than that of X45 under salt and alkali stress. However, glycine betaine and soluble sugar content of L24 was lower than that of X45 under alkali stress. The REC and MDA content of L24 were lower than those of X45, however, the relative biomass, chlorophyll content, SOD, POD, CAT, and Pro were higher than those of X45. In conclusion, salt tolerant cotton cultivars may possess a superior protection effect by increasing antioxidant enzymes activity under salt and alkali stress.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disease whose pathomechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we identified gene variants in familial IgG4-RD and determined their functional consequences. All 3 affected members of the family shared variants of the transcription factor IKAROS, encoded by IKZF1, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase UBR4. The IKAROS variant increased binding to the FYN promoter, resulting in higher transcription of FYN in T cells. The UBR4 variant prevented the lysosomal degradation of the phosphatase CD45. In the presence of elevated FYN, CD45 functioned as a positive regulatory loop, lowering the threshold for T cell activation. Consequently, T cells from the affected family members were hyperresponsive to stimulation. When transduced with a low-avidity, autoreactive T cell receptor, their T cells responded to the autoantigenic peptide. In parallel, high expression of FYN in T cells biased their differentiation toward Th2 polarization by stabilizing the transcription factor JunB. This bias was consistent with the frequent atopic manifestations in patients with IgG4-RD, including the affected family members in the present study. Building on the functional consequences of these 2 variants, we propose a disease model that is not only instructive for IgG4-RD but also for atopic diseases and autoimmune diseases associated with an IKZF1 risk haplotype.

Cases in which the duplication of chromosome 8p (dup 8p) is observed are characterized by facial dysmorphism, agenesis/hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, heart defects and severe mental retardation. The frequency of dup 8p cases is higher compared to other chromosomes because of the Non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) between two segmental duplication regions (SDs) containing olfactory receptor gene clusters, REPD (repeat-distal) and REPP (repeat-proximal), located in chromosome 8p23.1. Here we generated a human iPSC line from a patient’s amniotic fluid cells with a 18 Mb duplication in 8p23.3p22, which will serve as useful tools for studying dup 8p syndrome.