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135 results on '"ZHANG Chang-quan"'

1. Research Progress of Exosomes and Their Forensic Significance

Author

KANG Yuan-bo, WANG Si-fan, CHEN Ting-jun, GUO Ya-dong, and ZHANG Chang-quan

Subjects
forensic medicine, exosomes, individual identification, estimation of postmortem interval, review, Medicine
Abstract

Exosomes are membranous tiny vesicles secreted by cells, which are widely found in the extracellular matrix and various body fluids and carry a variety of biologically functional molecules such as proteins, lipids, messenger RNA （mRNA） and microRNA （miRNA）. Exosomes not only play important biological roles in the field of immunology and oncology, but also have potential application value in the field of forensic medicine. This article reviews the discovery, production and degeneration mechanism, biological functions, isolation and identification methods of exosomes, summarizes the research on exosomes and their significance in the field of forensic science, and discusses their applications in body fluid identification, individual identification, postmortem interval estimation to provide ideas for the application of exosomes in forensic work.

Published
2022
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28. Lysine biofortification in rice by modulating feedback inhibition of aspartate kinase and dihydrodipicolinate synthase.

Author

Yang, Qing‐Qing, Yu, Wai‐Han, Wu, Hong‐Yu, Zhang, Chang‐Quan, Sun, Samuel Sai‐Ming, and Liu, Qiao‐Quan

Subjects
BIOFORTIFICATION, ESSENTIAL amino acids, LYSINE, ASPARTIC acid, KETOGLUTARIC acids, RICE
Abstract

Summary: Lysine is the main limiting essential amino acid (EAA) in the rice seeds, which is a major energy and nutrition source for humans and livestock. In higher plants, the rate‐limiting steps in lysine biosynthesis pathway are catalysed by two key enzymes, aspartate kinase (AK) and dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS), and both are extremely sensitive to feedback inhibition by lysine. In this study, two rice AK mutants (AK1 and AK2) and five DHDPS mutants (DHDPS1–DHDPS5), all single amino acid substitution, were constructed. Their protein sequences passed an allergic sequence‐based homology alignment. Mutant proteins were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, and all were insensitive to the lysine analog S‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐l‐cysteine (AEC) at concentrations up to 12 mm. The AK and DHDPS mutants were transformed into rice, and free lysine was elevated in mature seeds of transgenic plants, especially those expressing AK2 or DHDPS1, 6.6‐fold and 21.7‐fold higher than the wild‐type (WT) rice, respectively. We then engineered 35A2D1L plants by simultaneously expressing modified AK2 and DHDPS1, and inhibiting rice LKR/SDH (lysine ketoglutaric acid reductase/saccharopine dehydropine dehydrogenase). Free lysine levels in two 35A2D1L transgenic lines were 58.5‐fold and 39.2‐fold higher than in WT and transgenic rice containing native AK and DHDPS, respectively. Total free amino acid and total protein content were also elevated in 35A2D1L transgenic rice. Additionally, agronomic performance analysis indicated that transgenic lines exhibited normal plant growth, development and seed appearance comparable to WT plants. Thus, AK and DHDPS mutants may be used to improve the nutritional quality of rice and other cereal grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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29. Improving grain appearance of erect-panicle japonicarice cultivars by introgression of the null gs9allele

Author

ZHAO, Dong-sheng, LIU, Jin-yu, DING, Ai-qiu, ZHANG, Tao, REN, Xin-yu, ZHANG, Lin, LI, Qian-feng, FAN, Xiao-lei, ZHANG, Chang-quan, and LIU, Qiao-quan

Abstract

The panicle architecture and grain size of rice affect not only grain yield but also grain quality, especially grain appearance. The erect-panicle (EP) trait controlled by the qpe9-1/dep1allele has been widely used in high-yielding japonicarice breeding, but usually accompanied with moderate appearance of milled rice. The null gs9allele shows a good potential for improving grain shape and appearance. However, GS9and qPE9-1/DEP1loci are tightly linked, and their interaction is unclear, which obviously restricts their utilization in modern rice breeding. In the present study, comparative analyses of protein and mRNA levels revealed that GS9and qPE9-1function independently. Three near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying various allelic combinations of these two loci, NIL (gs9/qpe9-1), NIL (GS9/qPE9-1) and NIL (gs9/qPE9-1), in the EP japonicacultivar 2661 (GS9/qpe9-1) background were developed for genetic interaction analysis. GS9and qPE9-1had additive effects on determining grain size, and the null gs9allele could decrease grain chalkiness and improve grain appearance without affecting plant and panicle architecture in EP japonicacultivars. Additionally, introgression lines (ILs) developed in another released EP japonicacultivar Wuyujing 27 (WYJ27) background showed the same additive effect and the feasibility of utilizing the gs9allele to improve grain appearance quality in high-yielding EP cultivars. This study provides an effective strategy for rice breeders to improve rice grain appearance in EP japonicaand related cultivars.

Published
2021
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46. Down-Regulation of SSSII-2Gene Expression Results in Novel Low-Amylose Rice with Soft, Transparent Grains

Author

Li, Qian-Feng, Huang, Li-Chun, Chu, Rui, Li, Juan, Jiang, Mei-Yan, Zhang, Chang-Quan, Fan, Xiao-Lei, Yu, Heng-Xiu, Gu, Ming-Hong, and Liu, Qiao-Quan

Abstract

Although soft rice, with low amylose content (AC), has high eating and cooking quality (ECQ), its appearance is poor due to the opaque endosperm. Here, a novel soft rice with low AC but a transparent appearance was generated by knocking-down the expression of SSSII-2, a gene encoding one isoform of soluble starch synthase (SSS). The physicochemical properties of the SSSII-2RNAi rice are quite different from the control but more like the popular soft rice “Nanjing 46”. The taste value assay further demonstrated that the ECQ of SSSII-2RNAi rice was as high as “Nanjing 46”, but only SSSII-2RNAi rice retained the transparent endosperm under low moisture conditions. Further examination showed that the different morphologies and fine structures of the starch granules may contribute to the specific properties of SSSII-2RNAi rice. Therefore, SSSII-2has potential application in future high quality rice breeding programs.

Published
2018
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