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The CO2 emissions of China power industry is the main source of CO2 emissions. The CO2 emissions of thermal power plants account for the largest proportion in the power industry. Under the goal of “double carbon”, CO2 accounting technology can realize the intuitive judgment of CO2 emissions in thermal power plants, provide important support for CO2 emission reduction in thermal power plants, promote thermal power plants to participate in carbon trading, and drive regional economic development. Combined with domestic and foreign policies, the implementation progress of the current general CO2 accounting methods was discussed. The problems existing in the CO2 accounting methods of thermal power plants based on carbon accounting and supplemented by carbon monitoring were summarized. The key and difficult points of the application of CO2 accounting technology in thermal power plants were analyzed. Finally, the development and application of CO2 accounting technology in thermal power plants were prospected.

Background: Although clear cell sarcoma of kidney (CCSK) is rare, it is the second most common renal tumor in children after Wilms' tumor. NWTS and SIOP are two major groups which had made tremendous efforts on renal tumors, but the strategies are different, for NWTS follows the upfront surgery principle providing definite pathology and the SIOP follows the upfront chemotherapy principle, each has its own advantages. Here we aimed to evaluate the outcomes of CCSK in China following NWTS strategies to analyze the prognostic factors. Methods: For this multicenter retrospective study, a total of 54 patients were enrolled from three children's hospitals, between April 2003 and December 2021. Treatment comprised upfront radical nephrectomy, followed by radiotherapy and intensive chemotherapy. Clinical records were regularly updated. Prognostic factors and survival rates were evaluated. Results: The 54 enrolled patients had a median age of 37 months (range, 4 months to 11.4 years). The stage distribution was 16% stage I (n = 9), 30% stage II (n = 16), 39% stage III (n = 21), and 15% stage IV (n = 8). Among stage IV, metastasis sites included the lung (n = 6), bone (n = 1), and intra-orbital/cervical lymph node (n = 1). After a median follow-up of 5.6 years, the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) was 82.4±5.4%, and overall survival was 88.1±4.6%. The EFS was 100% for stage I, 93.8 ±6.1% for stage II, 71.1±10.0% for stage III, and 68.6±18.6% for stage IV. Univariate analysis revealed that staging (III/IV), tumor rupture, and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus were inferior prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor rupture was independent poor prognostic factor (P = 0.01, HR 5.9). Among relapsed patients, relapse occurred a median of 11 months after diagnosis (range, 4–41 months), and 50% (4/8) achieved a second complete remission after multiple treatment. None of the six lung metastasis patients received lung RT, only one patient developed a relapse and was salvaged by RT after relapse. Conclusions: Tumor rupture was independent poor prognostic factor. Upfront surgery of NWTS strategies can make a definite pathology diagnosis, but how to reduce tumor rupture during surgery is important especially in developing countries. The outcomes of patients with stage I–III CCSK in China were comparable to findings in other developed countries. Better outcomes were achieved in stage IV CCSK by using an intensive chemotherapy regimen including carboplatin, which require further confirmation by AREN0321. Lung RT may be safely omitted in selected patients who achieve a compete radiographic response after 6 weeks of systemic treatment (including surgery). Treatment should be encouraged even in CCSK cases with metastasis and relapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to provide a unique analytical model designed for calculating the magnetic field of a surface-mounted permanent magnet Vernier motor (SPMVM). The model is created utilizing the separation variable method to solve Laplace or Poisson equations of the vector magnetic potential in a quasi-Cartesian coordinate system subdomain model. The theoretical justifications for the final analytical equations of electromagnetic torque, no-load back-EMF, stator inductance, and magnetic flux density distribution are given in detail. Then the solution of the equation is expressed in the form of a hyperbolic function. Furthermore, the improved analytical method in the study is generic and can be applied to estimating the parameters of machines with different design concepts. Finally, FEM is employed as the reference for comparison between other models. Compared to the original subdomain model, the calculation results of the improved analytical model are more time-efficient and closer to those of FEM. In addition, the improved analytical method can reduce the dimension of the coefficient matrix and improve the calculation speed. The SPMVM prototype is then built to demonstrate the validity and feasibility of the improved subdomain method and serves as a guide for future SPMVM development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]