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Objectives: To investigate the relationship between the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status and clinicopathological factors, and to analyze the mutation on the effect in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after surgery., Methods: The NSCLC patients who were resected and detected EGFR gene from March 2009 to March 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The relationship between EGFR mutation status and clinicopathological factors, tumor markers, prognostic was analyzed., Results: The mutation and the wild group had 169 and 214 patients respectively. EGFR mutation in female, non-smoking, adenocarcinoma and less than 60 years old accounted for 63.91%, 61.54%, 88.76% and 62.13% with statistical significance compared with male (χ(2) = 53.490, P = 0.000), smoking (χ(2) = 48.568, P = 0.000), non-adenocarcinoma (χ(2) = 105.560, P = 0.000) and more than 60 years old (χ(2) = 6.057, P = 0.017). Disease free survival (DFS) of the wild group was better than mutation group (χ(2) = 11.329, P = 0.001). In addition, there were some relations between mutation status and excision repair cross complementing (ERCC1) protein, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and Cyfra21-1. ERCC1(+) (χ(2) = 6.739, P = 0.012), SCC(χ(2) = 16.839, P = 0.000) and Cyfra21-1(χ(2) = 6.638, P = 0.013) more than normal value was common in wild group. Increased CEA was common in mutation group (χ(2) = 5.436, P = 0.023)., Conclusions: EGFR mutation is commonly found in female, non-smoking, adenocarcinoma and less than 60 years old NSCLC patients. The wild group obtains better DFS than mutation group. Tumor markers may predict the mutation status, which need further research.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of (18)F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) plus serum tumor marker assay in lung cancer and explore the correlation between standard uptake value (SUVmax) with clinicopathologic factors in lung cancer., Methods: A total of 177 cases of lung cancer diagnosed by radiography or computed tomography (CT) were recruited.(18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging and detection of three lung cancer related serum markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, CYFRA21-1 and neuron specific enolase) were performed within one week in all cases. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of those approaches were calculated through comparing the results with pathologic examinations. Also the associations between SUVmax and clinicopathologic features were analyzed., Results: Among them, 145 patients were detected to have lung cancer by pathologic diagnosis while the other 32 patients had benign lung diseases. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of (18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging, serum tumor markers and their combination in assessing lung cancers were 89.7%, 78.1%, 87.6%; 89.7%, 78.1%, 87.6% and 96.6%, 56.3%, 89.3% respectively. The combination of (18)F-FDG PET/CT and serum tumor markers in lung lesions showed significantly higher sensitivity than serum tumor markers and (18)F-FDG PET/CT alone (P = 0.000, P = 0.002). Its accuracy was also significantly higher than those of tumor markers (P < 0.05). Compared with (18)F-FDG PET/CT alone, the accuracy was higher in combination group. But the difference showed no statistical significance (P > 0.05). SUVmax was significantly associated with tumor staging, tumor size and pathologic type., Conclusion: The combination of (18)F-FDG PET/CT and tumor markers may improve the positive diagnostic rate of lung cancer. And SUVmax can help to evaluate tumor staging and determine pathological types.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the metastatic lymph node ratio (LNR) and the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)., Methods: A total of 301 patients with N1 and N2 NSCLC undergoing curative pulmonectomy were analyzed retrospectively. There were 103 females and 198 males with a median age of 59 years (range: 31 - 78). The correlations between LNR and clinicopathological data were analyzed by χ(2) test. The effects of LNR on overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) of patients were analyzed by the methods of univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. The risk groups were classified by LNR on the basis of N staging., Results: LNR correlated with age, smoking status, pathological type, clinical stage and N stage (P < 0.05). And it also correlated with positive lymph nodes, resected lymph nodes and the number of positive lymph node station (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that LNR influenced significantly the lengths of OS (P < 0.001) and DFS (P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazard model showed a high LNR was an independent poor prognostic factor for OS (HR = 2.507, 95%CI 1.612 - 3.900, P < 0.001) and DFS (HR = 1.872, 95%CI 1.182 - 2.964, P = 0.008); and at the same N stage, the low-LNR group was better in OS and DFS than the high-LNR group. After stratification into high-, medium- and low-risk groups, the high- (LNR: > 18%, N-status: N2), intermediate- (LNR: > 18%, N-status: N1; LNR: < 18%, N-status: N2) and low-risk factors (LNR: < 18%, N-status: N1) could efficiently predict the outcomes. The 5-year survival rate (32.8% vs 20.7% vs 6.9%), median survival time (MST) (57 vs 30 vs 16 months), 5-year disease-free survival rate (28.1% vs 16.3% vs 5.5%) and disease-free survival time (38 vs 19 vs 10 months) decreased progressively with the rising risk groups (P < 0.001)., Conclusion: LNR may be used to accurately predict the prognosis, guide the treatment of NSCLC and improve its staging.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic factors and the distribution pattern of N2 lymph nodes, to analyze the relationship between the survival rate and skip metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients., Methods: The clinical data of 478 patients with a pN2 stage who underwent resection for non-small cell lung cancer from January 2000 to December 2004 was retrospectively analyzed. Skip group and non-skip group were defined. Characteristics of tumors, ganglionar involvement and survival were analyzed in both groups., Results: The incidence rate of skip N2 metastasis in stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC patients was 40.6%, which was correlated to sex, smoking and the type of histology (P < 0.05). Squamous carcinoma was the main type of skip group (chi² = 7.602, P = 0.022). The frequency of skip metastasis was higher in patients with a primary tumor in the upper lobe (57%) compared to the lower lobe (43%) (chi² = 5.097, P = 0.024). Superior nodes were more frequently involved by skip group (chi² = 7.046, P = 0.030). Moreover, the relationship between the primary tumor location and N2 positive lymph nodes were described as follows: right upper lobe cancer displayed skip-N2 nodal metastasis mostly in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th station, right middle and lower lobe mostly in the 7th station, left upper lobe mostly in the 5th and 6th station (71.7%), and left lower lobe mostly in the 7th and 9th station. The 5-year survival rate of pN2 patients with skip metastasis was 22.1% compared to 13.6% in patients with involvement of N1 and N2 nodes (P = 0.001). Survival analysis showed that skip N2 metastasis was an independent risk factor of stage IIIA NSCLC., Conclusions: The frequency of skip metastasis was higher in patients with a primary tumor in the upper lobe and in the superior nodes. Skip metastasis is an independent prognostic factor of survival. The presence of skip metastasis seems to be a unique subgroup of pN2 disease in NSCLC.

Objectives: To analyze the clinical conditions of postoperative patients with IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the prognostic factors related with survival of NSCLC, and to investigate the influence of operation and therapy on prognosis., Methods: Clinical data of 657 inpatient cases with IIIA-N2 NSCLC admitted from January 2000 to December 2005 was retrospectively reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. The Log-rank law was applied to analyze the relationship between the variables and the prognosis in monovariate analysis, while Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to make multivariate analysis., Results: The 1-, 3-and 5-year accumulative survival rates of the operative patience were 64.4%, 26.0% and 17.9%, respectively. The median survival time was 18 months. In monovariate analysis, the main unfavorable factors that affect life span involve were the diameter of tumor, T stage, skip metastasis of N2 lymph node, the number of metastatic lymph nodes, the metastasis of subcarinal lymph nodes, adjuvant chemotherapy, the cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy, postoperative radiotherapy, and the modality of therapy (the effect of naive surgery was disappointed, while the prognosis of the patients with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was better than those with chemotherapy alone). A multivariate analysis using Cox regression identified 5 factors of prognosis: the diameter of tumor (P = 0.001), the metastasis of subcarinal lymph nodes (P = 0.019), the number of metastatic lymph nodes (P = 0.006), the cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.007), postoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.055), and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (P = 0.026)., Conclusions: The 5-year survival rate of the patients with IIIA-N2 Non-small cell lung cancer is poor. Tumor size, the metastasis of subcarinal lymph nodes, the number of metastatic LNs, the cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy, and postoperative radiotherapy have an effect on the prognosis. The prognosis of postoperative patients with single-level N2 and multi-level N2 disease is similar, and the key point of survival is the number of nodes involved. The therapeutic effect of patience given adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is superior to those treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.