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The influence of oil content, water content, ventilation rate and medium particle size on smoldering of sludge in North China oilfield was studied by means of self-made smoldering equipment. Result showed that when the oil content is 6% - 18%,the water content is 0 -12%,and the ventilation rate is 0. 796 -6. 368 cmv's,the oily sludge can be ignited successfully and realize the self-sustaining combustion state,in which the degradation efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbons is as high as 99%. The degree of complete combustion of oily sludge can be improved effectively if the oil content decreases or the ventilation rate increases appropriately under the condition that the oily sludge can be smoldered. Finally,TG-DSC and elemental analysis results show that smoldering temperature is lower than the decomposition temperature of mineral salts,which can effectively avoid the generation of harmful gases such as SOx,NOx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a promising feedstock for biodiesel production, the oleaginous microalgae have attracted the attention worldwide. The effects of temperature on the growth, lipid accumulation and nutrient removal characteristics of a freshwater microalgaChlorellasp. HQ were evaluated. The results show that it could grow in a wide range of temperature between 12 and 25°C, but hardly grow at extremely high temperature of 38°C. After 15 d of batch cultivation, the algal biomass was in the range of 68.8 ± 15.9–176.7 ± 13.8 mg L−1and the peak was obtained at 18°C. The lipid content per algal biomass decreased linearly from 41.8 to 6.9% as the temperature rose from 12 to 25°C. The lipid yields at 12 and 18°C were almost the same (around 23.8 mg L−1), and at 25°C, the lipid yield was remarkably lower (8.8 ± 1.8 mg L−1). The highest TAGs content (10.2 ± 1.1%) was obtained at 25°C, and the TAGs yields were ranging from 0.53 ± 0.15 to 0.89 ± 0.13 mg L−1. In the range of 18–25°C, water nitrogen (N) (up to 94.9 ± 0.3%) and phosphorus (P) (up to 99.0 ± 1.7%) were removed efficiently. Through comprehensive analysis, the optimal temperature forChlorellasp. HQ to produce biodiesel and purify wastewater is suggested in the range of 18 and 25°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the metabolic products of main compounds of Chuankezhi injection in rat, 12 Sprague Dawley rats were classed into 2 groups, a blank control group and an intermuscular administration group, respectively. Rat feces and urine samples were collected from 0−24 h and 24−48 h after administration. All the samples were ultrasonically treated with methanol and then analyzed using LC-LTQ Orbitrap MSn. By comparison with the total ion chromatogram of samples from the blank control group, the metabolites in the samples of drug-treated group were screened. These metabolites were further analyzed by multistage product ion scanning and comparison of retention time with reference substances. As a result, a total of 12 flavonoid metabolites were tentatively identified from the rat feces and no metabolite was discovered in the rat urine. Epimedin C and icariin were detected in the rat blood samples after 30 min of administration, but their metabolites and other original flavones were not detected. Furthermore, no original flavones and their metabolites were detected in rat blood samples after 2 and 4 h of administration. The potential metabolism paths were further characterized and the principal in vivo transformation of flavones from Chuankezhi injection were deglycosylation, dehydration, methylation, oxidation and isomerization in rats.