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ABSTRACTEbola virus (EBOV) belongs to Filoviridae family possessing single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome, which is a serious threat to human health. Nowadays, no therapeutics have been proven to be successful in efficiently decreasing the mortality rate. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are reported to participate in maintaining cell integrity and regulation of viral replication. However, little is known about whether and how RBPs participate in regulating the life cycle of EBOV. In our study, we found that RNA binding motif protein 4 (RBM4) inhibited the replication of EBOV in HEK293T and Huh-7 cells by suppressing viral mRNA production. Such inhibition resulted from the direct interaction between the RRM1 domain of RBM4 and the “CU” enrichment elements located in the PE1 and TSS of the 3′-leader region within the viral genome. Simultaneously, RBM4 could upregulate the expression of some cytokines involved in the host innate immune responses to synergistically exert its antiviral function. The findings therefore suggest that RBM4 might serve as a novel target of anti-EBOV strategy.

Nipah virus (NiV), a highly pathogenic Henipavirus in humans, has been responsible for annual outbreaks in recent years. Experiments involving live NiV are highly restricted to biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories, which impedes NiV research. In this study, we developed transcription and replication-competent NiV-like particles (trVLP-NiV) lacking N, P, and L genes. This trVLP-NiV exhibited the ability to infect and continuously passage in cells ectopically expressing N, P, and L proteins while maintaining stable genetic characteristics. Moreover, the trVLP-NiV displayed a favourable safety profile in hamsters. Using the system, we found the NiV nucleoprotein residues interacting with viral RNA backbone affected viral replication in opposite patterns. This engineered system was sensitive to well-established antiviral drugs, innate host antiviral factors, and neutralizing antibodies. We then established a high-throughput screening platform utilizing the trVLP-NiV, leading to the identification of tunicamycin as a potential anti-NiV compound. Evidence showed that tunicamycin inhibited NiV replication by decreasing the infectivity of progeny virions. In conclusion, this trVLP-NiV system provided a convenient and versatile molecular tool for investigating NiV molecular biology and conducting antiviral drug screening under BSL-2 conditions. Its application will contribute to the development of medical countermeasures against NiV infections.

Background Machine learning (ML), a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), uses algorithms to analyze data and predict outcomes without extensive human intervention. In healthcare, ML is gaining attention for enhancing patient outcomes. This study focuses on predicting additional hospital days (AHD) for patients with cervical spondylosis (CS), a condition affecting the cervical spine. The research aims to develop an ML-based nomogram model analyzing clinical and demographic factors to estimate hospital length of stay (LOS). Accurate AHD predictions enable efficient resource allocation, improved patient care, and potential cost reduction in healthcare.Methods The study selected CS patients undergoing cervical spine surgery and investigated their medical data. A total of 945 patients were recruited, with 570 males and 375 females. The mean number of LOS calculated for the total sample was 8.64 ± 3.7 days. A LOS equal to or 8.64 days comprised the AHD-positive group (n = 406). The collected data was randomly divided into training and validation cohorts using a 7:3 ratio. The parameters included their general conditions, chronic diseases, preoperative clinical scores, and preoperative radiographic data including ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament (OALL), ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), cervical instability and magnetic resonance imaging T2-weighted imaging high signal (MRI T2WIHS), operative indicators and complications. ML-based models like Lasso regression, random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) were developed for predicting AHD-related risk factors. The intersections of the variables screened by the aforementioned algorithms were utilized to construct a nomogram model for predicting AHD in patients. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and C-index were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram. Calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed to test the calibration performance and clinical utility.Results For these participants, 25 statistically significant parameters were identified as risk factors for AHD. Among these, nine factors were obtained as the intersection factors of these three ML algorithms and were used to develop a nomogram model. These factors were gender, age, body mass index (BMI), American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scores, magnetic resonance imaging T2-weighted imaging high signal (MRI T2WIHS), operated segment, intraoperative bleeding volume, the volume of drainage, and diabetes. After model validation, the AUC was 0.753 in the training cohort and 0.777 in the validation cohort. The calibration curve exhibited a satisfactory agreement between the nomogram predictions and actual probabilities. The C-index was 0.788 (95% confidence interval: 0.73214–0.84386). On the decision curve analysis (DCA), the threshold probability of the nomogram ranged from 1 to 99% (training cohort) and 1 to 75% (validation cohort).Conclusion We successfully developed an ML model for predicting AHD in patients undergoing cervical spine surgery, showcasing its potential to support clinicians in AHD identification and enhance perioperative treatment strategies.

Abstract Background EV71 is one of the important pathogens of Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), which causes serious neurological symptoms. Several studies have speculated that there will be interaction between 5′UTR and 3D protein. However, whether 5′UTR interacts with the 3D protein in regulating virus replication has not been clarified. Methods Four 5'UTR mutation sites (nt88C/T, nt90-102-3C, nt157G/A and nt574T/A) and two 3D protein mutation sites (S37N and R142K) were mutated or co-mutated using virulent strains as templates. The replication of these mutant viruses and their effect on autophagy were determined. Results 5'UTR single-point mutant strains, except for EGFP-EV71(nt90-102-3C), triggered replication attenuation. The replication ability of them was weaker than that of the parent strain the virulent strain SDLY107 which is the fatal strain that can cause severe neurological complications. While the replication level of the co-mutant strains showed different characteristics. 5 co-mutant strains with interaction were screened: EGFP-EV71(S37N-nt88C/T), EGFP-EV71(S37N-nt574T/A), EGFP-EV71(R142K-nt574T/A), EGFP-EV71(R142K-nt88C/T), and EGFP-EV71(R142K-nt157G/A). The results showed that the high replicative strains significantly promoted the accumulation of autophagosomes in host cells and hindered the degradation of autolysosomes. The low replicative strains had a low ability to regulate the autophagy of host cells. In addition, the high replicative strains also significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR. Conclusions EV71 5'UTR interacted with the 3D protein during virus replication. The co-mutation of S37N and nt88C/T, S37N and nt574T/ A, R142K and nt574T/A induced incomplete autophagy of host cells and promoted virus replication by inhibiting the autophagy pathway AKT-mTOR. The co-mutation of R142K and nt88C/T, and R142K and nt157G/A significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of EV71 on the AKT-mTOR pathway and reduced the replication ability of the virus.

ABSTRACT Monkeypox virus (MPXV) poses a global health threat. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) holds potential as an accurate diagnostic tool for clinical microbiology. However, there is limited literature on the applicability of ddPCR in clinical settings. In this study, the clinical features of patients with MPXV during the initial outbreak in China in June 2023 were reviewed, and an optimized ddPCR method with dilution and/or inhibitor removal was developed to enhance MPXV detection efficiency. Eighty-two MPXV samples were tested from nine different clinical specimen types, including feces, urine, pharyngeal swabs, anal swabs, saliva, herpes fluid, crust, and semen, and the viral load of each specimen was quantified. A comparative analysis was performed with qPCR to assess sensitivity and specificity and to investigate the characteristics of MPXV infection by analyzing viral loads in different clinical specimens. Consequently, common pharyngeal and gastrointestinal symptoms were observed in patients with MPXV. The optimized ddPCR method demonstrated relatively high sensitivity for MPXV quantification in the clinical materials, with a limit of detection of 0.1 copies/μL. This was particularly evident in low-concentration samples like whole blood, semen, and urine. The optimized ddPCR demonstrated greater detection accuracy compared with normal ddPCR and qPCR, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.939. Except for crust samples, viral loads in the specimens gradually decreased as the disease progressed. Virus levels in feces and anal swabs kept a high detection rate at each stage of post-symptom onset, and feces and anal swabs samples may be suitable for clinical diagnosis and continuous monitoring of MPXV.IMPORTANCEThe ddPCR technique proved to be a sensitive and valuable tool for accurately quantifying MPXV viral loads in various clinical specimen types. The findings provided valuable insights into the necessary pre-treatment protocols for MPXV diagnosis in ddPCR detection and the potentially suitable sample types for collection. Therefore, such results can aid in comprehending the potential characteristics of MPXV infection and the usage of ddPCR in clinical settings.

Traditionally, radio frequency detection or ambient spectrum sensing has required high-performance spectrum analyzers and RF signal analyzers, leading to relatively high costs due to the need for a local oscillator and signal mixer. To overcome this challenge, we propose a low-cost, substantially simplified solution utilizing a stretchable rectenna, a microcontroller unit (MCU), and feedback control systems. By exploiting the dynamic correlation between the resonant frequency and the tensile ratio of the stretchable antenna, the incoming frequency can be determined by recording the maximum rectifier DC power output as a function of the electromechanically controlled tension ratio of the stretchable antenna. Our measured results indicate that a frequency measurement range of 1.8 GHz to 2.5 GHz can be achieved through careful design of the stretchable antenna and broadband rectifier. We have experimentally demonstrated an over-the-air far-field frequency sensing system based on this concept, showcasing significant advantages in power consumption, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity when compared to state-of-the-art RF spectrum analyzers.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is one of the most common class C infectious diseases, posing a serious threat to public health worldwide. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) have been regarded as the major pathogenic agents of HFMD; however, since an outbreak caused by coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) in France in 2008, CV-A6 has gradually become the predominant pathogen in many regions. CV-A6 infects not only children but also adults, and causes atypical clinical symptoms such as a more generalized rash, eczema herpeticum, high fever, and onychomadesis, which are different from the symptoms associated with EV-A71 and CV-A16. Importantly, the rate of genetic recombination of CV-A6 is high, which can lead to changes in virulence and the rapid evolution of other characteristics, thus posing a serious threat to public health. To date, no specific vaccines or therapeutics have been approved for CV-A6 prevention or treatment, hence it is essential to fully understand the relationship between recombination and evolution of this virus. Here, we systematically review the genetic recombination events of CV-A6 that have occurred worldwide and explore how these events have promoted virus evolution, thus providing important information regarding future HFMD surveillance and prevention.

Highlights Construction of a viscoelastic composite nacre with a ripple-like layered architecture through supramolecular interactions. Outstanding self-adhesion, self-healing and scrape-resistant mechanical and thermal properties. Utility as an integrated heat spreader and TIMs for “chameleon-like” thermal management of planar soft electronics.

This study focused on the development and validation of a diagnostic model to differentiate between spinal tuberculosis (STB) and pyogenic spondylitis (PS). We analyzed a total of 387 confirmed cases, out of which 241 were diagnosed with STB and 146 were diagnosed with PS. These cases were randomly divided into a training group (n = 271) and a validation group (n = 116). Within the training group, four machine learning (ML) algorithms (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator [LASSO], logistic regression analysis, random forest, and support vector machine recursive feature elimination [SVM-RFE]) were employed to identify distinctive variables. These specific variables were then utilized to construct a diagnostic model. The model’s performance was subsequently assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the calibration curves. Finally, internal validation of the model was undertaken in the validation group. Our findings indicate that PS patients had an average platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR) of 277.86, which was significantly higher than the STB patients’ average of 69.88. The average age of PS patients was 54.71 years, older than the 48 years recorded for STB patients. Notably, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was higher in PS patients at 6.15, compared to the 3.46 NLR in STB patients. Additionally, the platelet volume distribution width (PDW) in PS patients was 0.2, compared to 0.15 in STB patients. Conversely, the mean platelet volume (MPV) was lower in PS patients at an average of 4.41, whereas STB patients averaged 8.31. Hemoglobin (HGB) levels were lower in PS patients at an average of 113.31 compared to STB patients' average of 121.64. Furthermore, the average red blood cell (RBC) count was 4.26 in PS patients, which was less than the 4.58 average observed in STB patients. After evaluation, seven key factors were identified using the four ML algorithms, forming the basis of our diagnostic model. The training and validation groups yielded area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.841 and 0.83, respectively. The calibration curves demonstrated a high alignment between the nomogram-predicted values and the actual measurements. The decision curve indicated optimal model performance with a threshold set between 2% and 88%. In conclusion, our model offers healthcare practitioners a reliable tool to efficiently and precisely differentiate between STB and PS, thereby facilitating swift and accurate diagnoses.

Our patient, a 48-year-old man from Guangdong’s coastal region, worked selling and processing oysters and other seafood. He started experiencing swelling and pain in his left knee on October 4, 2022, and they got worse over time. The findings of mNGS test showed Vibrio vulnificus infection. The patient had AIDS, hepatitis A and hepatitis B concurrently. He was admitted to the hospital’s intensive care unit (ICU) for treatment as his symptoms worsened. We refrained from performing an amputation because the family members expressed a desire to keep the limb. The limb was managed with regular dressing changes, thorough debridement, wound closure, ongoing VSD drainage, and local antibiotic irrigation. The patient’s organ function eventually returned to normal, and the systemic infection got better. On November 1, the wound’s new granulation tissue had grown well and had gradually crept to cover 80% of the wound. The tissue’s blood flow had also improved, indicating a trend of growth and healing.

In this paper, the microstructure evolution and thermal stability of nanocrystalline (NC) AZ31-2.5 wt%VP magnesium matrix composites were studied, while the hardness was analyzed. The results showed that the NC AZ31-2.5 wt%VP still kept NC scale after annealing at 300 °C and 350 °C. Even at 400 °C and 450 °C, the grain size of the annealed composite only grew to 113 nm and 132 nm, which was still in ultrafine grain scale, illustrating excellent thermal stability of NC AZ31-2.5 wt%VP. Furthermore, the V particles, which was uniformly distributed in the Mg matrix, had no obvious change in dimension after annealing, while it also had no new phase formed. The stabilization mechanism was expounded and found that the pinning effect of V particles effectively inhibited the grain growth of Mg matrix at high temperature. In addition, the grain growth kinetics equation (D6−D06=kt) was utilized to explain the grain growth behavior of NC AZ31-2.5 wt%VP, and the activation energy (Ea) of grain growth was calculated to be 130.9 kJ/mol, which was much higher than that of pure Mg (92 kJ/mol). Eventually, the hardness of NC AZ31-2.5 wt%VP was contrastive studied and the hardness evolution curves at different temperatures were obtained. After annealing treatment was performed at 450 °C for 180min, the hardness remained at 80 HV, which was higher than that of as-cast AZ31 (53 HV).

Generating continuous power by ionic thermoelectric material modules remains challenging. Here, the authors find the ionic thermoelectric material exhibiting bipolar thermopower property by manipulating the interactions between ions and electrodes.

BackgroundConducting an up-to-date analysis on the genomic diversity and evolution patterns of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is crucial for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of its emergency and pathogenicity, as well as assessing the extent of its threat to public health.MethodsComplete genome sequences of SFTSV were obtained from GenBank until December 19, 2022. A thorough phylogenetic analysis was conducted using comprehensive bioinformatics methods to estimate the genomic diversity and evolution.ResultsThe phylogenetic classification of SFTSV strains yielded seven lineages (A-G) for each genome segment. SFTSV displayed notable variations in evolutionary patterns among different regions and segments, without a linear accumulation of nucleotide substitutions within segments and regions. The comprehensive analysis revealed 54 recombination events and 17 reassortment strains, including the first discovery of recombination events involving sea-crossing and species-crossing. Selection analysis identified three positive sites (2, 671, 1353) in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, three positive sites (22, 298, 404) in glycoprotein, and two positive sites (9, 289) in nonstructural protein. No positive selection sites were found in nucleoprotein.ConclusionOur study unveiled the existence of multiple evolutionary forces influencing SFTSV, contributing to its increasing genetic diversity, which had the potential to modify its antigenicity and pathogenicity. Furthermore, our study highlights the importance of tracking the spread of SFTSV across regions and species.

According to clinical investigations, sleep disruption (SD) can influence the immune system and cause inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the detailed effects of sleep on IBD development and progression have not been clarified. Here, we used dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis in mice, and then interfered with SD (day-time 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.) to explore the influence of sleep on colitis by analyzing colon length, mouse body weight, disease activity index (DAI) score, pathology detection, and infiltration of inflammatory cells with LCA immunohistochemistry analysis. Next, we detected the mRNA levels of circadian genes and related inflammatory factors, including Bmal1, CLOCK, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, Per2, Timeless, Rev-erbα, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ. Additionally, we conducted a sleep survey in IBD patients and collected colon lesion sites to detect the mRNA levels of those eight circadian genes and three inflammatory factors. We found that SD promoted the body weight decrease, increased inflammation as shown with pathological staining of the DSS animal model, and increased expression of the clock gene Cry2 in DSS-induced colitis mice. In IBD patients with active disease, the mRNA level of circadian genes Bmal1, Cry1, Cry2, and Rev-erbα in inflammatory tissues decreased significantly compared with non-inflammatory tissues.

In this paper, we establish the sharp constant for q-analogus of Hausdorff operators on central q-Morrey spaces. As applications, the sharp constants for the q-analogus of Hardy operator and its dual operator, the q-analogue of Hardy-Littlewood-Pólya operator, and the q-analogue of Hilbert operator on central q-Morrey spaces are deduced.

IntroductionThis study aimed to identify important genes associated with melanoma to further develop new target gene therapies and analyze their significance concerning prognosis.Materials and methodsGene expression data for melanoma and normal tissue were downloaded from three databases. Differentially co-expressed genes were identified by WGCNA and DEGs analysis. These genes were subjected to GO, and KEGG enrichment analysis and construction of the PPI visualized with Cytoscape and screened for the top 10 Hub genes using CytoHubba. We validated the Hub gene’s protein levels with an immunohistochemical assay to confirm the accuracy of our analysis.ResultsA total of 435 differentially co-expressed genes were obtained. Survival curves showed that high expression of FOXM1,\ EXO1, KIF20A, TPX2, and CDC20 in melanoma patients with 5 of the top 10 hub genes was associated with reduced overall survival (OS). Immunohistochemistry showed that all five genes were expressed at higher protein levels in melanoma than in paracancerous tissues.ConclusionFOXM1, EXO1, KIF20A, TPX2, and CDC20 are prognosis-associated core genes of melanoma, and their high expression correlates with the low prognosis of melanoma patients and can be used as biomarkers for melanoma diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction.

IntroductionOsteosarcoma is among the most common orthopedic neoplasms, and currently, there are no adequate biomarkers to predict its prognosis. Therefore, the present study was aimed to identify the prognostic biomarkers for autophagy-and immune-related osteosarcoma using bioinformatics tools for guiding the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.Materials and MethodsThe gene expression and clinical information data were downloaded from the Public database. The genes associated with autophagy were extracted, followed by the development of a logistic regression model for predicting the prognosis of osteosarcoma using univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis. The accuracy of the constructed model was verified through the ROC curves, calibration plots, and Nomogram plots. Next, immune cell typing was performed using CIBERSORT to analyze the expression of the immune cells in each sample. For the results obtained from the analysis, we used qRT-PCR validation in two strains of human osteosarcoma cells.ResultsThe screening process identified a total of three genes that fulfilled all the screening criteria. The survival curves of the constructed prognostic model revealed that patients with the high risk presented significantly lower survival than the patients with low risk. Finally, the immune cell component analysis revealed that all three genes were significantly associated with the immune cells. The expressions of TRIM68, PIKFYVE, and DYNLL2 were higher in the osteosarcoma cells compared to the control cells. Finally, we used human pathological tissue sections to validate the expression of the genes modeled in osteosarcoma and paracancerous tissue.ConclusionThe TRIM68, PIKFYVE, and DYNLL2 genes can be used as biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of osteosarcoma.

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most common method used to study emotions and capture electrical brain activity changes. Long short-term memory (LSTM) processes the temporal characteristics of data and is mostly used for emotional text and speech recognition. Since an EEG involves a time series signal, this article mainly studied the introduction of LSTM for emotional EEG recognition. First, an ALL-LSTM model with a four-layered LSTM network was established in which the average accuracy rate for emotional classification reached 86.48%. Second, four EEG characteristics were extracted via the wavelet transform (WT) using the LSTM-based sentiment classification network. The experimental results showed that the best average classification accuracy of these four features was 73.48%. This was 13% lower than in the ALL-LSTM model, indicating that inappropriate feature extraction methods could destroy the timing of EEG signals. LSTM can be used to thoroughly examine EEG signal timing and preprocessed EEG data. The accuracy and stability of the ALL-LSTM model are significantly superior to those of the WT-LSTM model. The result showed that the process of emotion generation based on EEG is sequential. Compared with EEG emotion extraction using WT, the raw EEG signal’s timing is more suitable for the LSTM network.

In this paper, we obtain the sharp bound for fractional conjugate Hardy operator on higher-dimensional product spaces from L1ℝn1×⋯×ℝnm to the space wLQℝn1×⋯×ℝnm and Lpℝn1×⋯×ℝnm to the space Lqℝn1×⋯×ℝnm. More generally, the operator norm of the fractional Hardy operator on higher-dimensional product spaces from LPℝn1×⋯×ℝnm to LQIℝn1×⋯×ℝnm is obtained.

The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is a generalist predator and an effective biocontrol agent of various insect pests that has been exploited for the control of aphid pests in the greenhouse and field. However, insecticides are widely used to control aphid pests worldwide and the potential non-target effects of sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid for controlling aphid pests towards this biocontrol agent are little known. Although both sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of insects, sulfoxaflor has a novel chemical structure compared with neonicotinoids. We assessed the lethal, sublethal and transgenerational effects of sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid on H. axyridis simultaneously exposed via ingestion of contaminated prey and via residual contact on the host plant at LC20 and LC50 doses estimated for the cotton aphid. Imidacloprid significantly reduced the survival of H. axyridis adults compared to sulfoxaflor at the same lethal concentration against cotton aphid. Both concentrations of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor reduced the proportion of ovipositing females, and both concentrations of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor, except LC20 dose of sulfoxaflor, reduced the fecundity and fertility of the parental generation. In the progeny of imidacloprid- and sulfoxaflor-exposed parents, both tested LC50 concentrations significantly decreased the juvenile survival rate, and both concentrations of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor, except LC20 dose of sulfoxaflor, prolonged the development time. Our findings provide evidence of the negative influence of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor at low lethal concentrations on the harlequin ladybird and on the progeny of exposed individuals, i.e., transgenerational effects. Hence, these findings stress the importance of optimizing the applications of imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor for the control of aphid pests, aiming at preserving the biocontrol services provided by H. axyridis throughout the integrated pest management approach.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment. This study investigated the antitumor effects and mechanisms of a novel photosensitizer meso-5-[-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid-aminophenyl]-10,15,20-triphenyl-porphyrin (DTP) mediated PDT (DTP-PDT). Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis were measured with a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, DCFH-DA fluorescent probe, and Hoechst staining, respectively. Cell apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins were examined using western blotting. RNA sequencing was used to screen differentially expressed mRNAs (DERs), and bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify the major biological events after DTP-PDT. Our results show that DTP-PDT inhibited cell growth and induced ROS generation in MCF-7 and SGC7901 cells. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and the P38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 alleviated DTP-PDT-induced cytotoxicity. DTP-PDT induced cell apoptosis together with upregulated Bax and downregulated Bcl-2, which could also be inhibited by NAC or SB203580. The level of LC3B-II, a marker of autophagy, was increased by DTP-PDT. A total of 3496 DERs were obtained after DTP-PDT. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses indicated that DERs included those involved in cytosolic ribosomes, the nuclear lumen, protein binding, cell cycle, protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomal DNA replication. Disease Ontology and Reactome enrichment analyses indicated that DERs were associated with a variety of cancers and cell cycle checkpoints. Protein-protein interaction results demonstrated that cdk1 and rps27a ranked in the top 10 interacting genes. Therefore, DTP-PDT could inhibit cell growth and induce cell apoptosis and autophagy, partly through ROS and the P38 MAPK signaling pathway. Genes associated with the cell cycle, ribosomes, DNA replication, and protein binding may be the key changes in DTP-PDT-mediated cytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]